Unit 3 Environmental Protection Words and Expressions 词汇讲解课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Words and Expressions 新人教选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection emission [i m n] n.排放物;散发物;排放 =give off/out 发出 环境与污染相关(最常见) Greenhouse gas emissions 温室气体排放 例句: We must reduce greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change. carbon/gas emission 碳/气体排放 The company is investing in technology to lower its carbon emissions. emit v.排放,散发 emitter发射器,发射体 emission [i m n] n.排放物;散发物;排放 =give off/out 发出 环境与污染相关(最常见) CO2 emissions / Carbon dioxide emissions:二氧化碳排放 Air emissions:空气排放物 Harmful emissions:有害排放物 Toxic emissions:有毒排放物 Vehicle emissions:汽车尾气排放 Exhaust emissions:废气排放(通常指发动机排出的气体) emission [i m n] n.排放物;散发物;排放 =give off/out 发出 减少与控制相关(动词搭配) Reduce emissions:减少排放(最常用) 例句: The new law aims to reduce emissions by 50%. Cut emissions:削减排放 Limit emissions:限制排放 Control emissions:控制排放 Lower emissions:降低排放 Regulate emissions:监管/规范排放 Monitor emissions:监测排放 emission [i m n] n.排放物;散发物;排放 =give off/out 发出 Regulate emissions:监管排放 Measure emissions:衡量/测量排放 Stabilize emissions:稳定排放水平 常见名词搭配 Emission reductions / Cuts:减排/削减 Emission control:排放控制 Emission standards / Regulations:排放标准 Emission targets / Goals:排放目标 Emission trading:排放权交易(碳交易) emission [i m n] n.排放物;散发物;排放 =give off/out 发出 量词与程度描述 Emission levels:排放水平/等级 例句: Emission levels have risen sharply this year. Emission rates:排放率 High emissions:高排放 Low emissions:低排放 Zero emissions:零排放 Significant emissions:显著的排放 Trace emissions:微量排放 emission [i m n] n.排放物;散发物;排放 =give off/out 发出 科学与技术术语 Light emission:光发射 Heat emission:热辐射 Acoustic emission:声发射 Field emission:场致发射 Positron Emission Tomography (PET):正电子发射断层成像术 Emission spectrum:发射光谱 例句 The study analyzed the emission levels of the new engine. Positron emission tomography is a medical imaging technique. emission [i m n] n.排放物;散发物;排放 =give off/out 发出 工业与科学相关 Emission standards / Emission regulations:排放标准/法规 例句: The factory failed to meet the strict emission standards. Emission control:排放控制 Emission test:排放检测(年检时常用) 例句: My car didn't pass the emission test. Light emission:光发射 Radio emission:无线电发射 Heat emission:热辐射/散热 emission [i m n] n.排放物;散发物;排放 =give off/out 发出 其他常见短语 Emission reduction:减排(名词) Emission trading:排放权交易(碳交易) Emission source:排放源 melt [melt] v.融化;(逐渐)减少,消失;(使)软化,变得温柔; n.融化;熔化的金属,熔化物;一次的熔化量; 1. 核心动词短语 (Phrasal Verbs) melt away 融化掉;逐渐消失。既指冰雪融化,也常用于比喻金钱、恐惧、疑虑等抽象事物的消失。 The snow melted away in the sun. Her fears melted away. melting adj.令人爱怜的,让人同情的柔和的;优美的 melted adj.融化的;溶解的 melt [melt] v.融化;(逐渐)减少,消失;(使)软化,变得温柔; n.融化;熔化的金属,熔化物;一次的熔化量; 1. 核心动词短语 (Phrasal Verbs) melt down 熔化;(情绪)崩溃 1. 工业/物理:指将金属等废料彻底熔化重铸。 2. 口语/心理:指人因压力过大而情绪崩溃,或系统彻底瓦解。 • They melted down the old silver coins. • He had a total meltdown during the meeting. melt into 融入;消散在…中 描述某物逐渐消失在背景中,或一种情感“化作”另一种情感。 • The fog melted into the morning air. • She melted into tears. (她忍不住哭了出来) melt [melt] v.融化;(逐渐)减少,消失;(使)软化,变得温柔; n.融化;熔化的金属,熔化物;一次的熔化量; 1. 核心动词短语 (Phrasal Verbs) melt off 融化脱落 指附着在物体表面的冰、霜等受热后融化并掉落。 • The ice will melt off the roof. melt [melt] v.融化;(逐渐)减少,消失;(使)软化,变得温柔; n.融化;熔化的金属,熔化物;一次的熔化量; 2. 场景化搭配 (Contextual Collocations) A. 物理与烹饪场景 Melt + 食材:指烹饪中的“融化”动作。 Melt the butter (融化黄油) Melt the chocolate (融化巧克力) Melt in your mouth:形容食物(如牛排、巧克力)鲜嫩或柔软到入口即化。 This cake is so soft it melts in your mouth. Melt + 金属/固体:指工业或自然界的熔化。 Melt iron/lead (熔化铁/铅) melt [melt] v.融化;(逐渐)减少,消失;(使)软化,变得温柔; n.融化;熔化的金属,熔化物;一次的熔化量; 2. 场景化搭配 (Contextual Collocations) B. 情感与心理场景 Melt one's heart:打动某人;让某人心软。 His apology melted my heart. Melt with pity/sympathy:因怜悯或同情而心软。 Melt into a smile:逐渐绽开笑容(一种很优美的文学表达)。 melt [melt] v.融化;(逐渐)减少,消失;(使)软化,变得温柔; n.融化;熔化的金属,熔化物;一次的熔化量; 易混词辨析 Melt vs. Dissolve: Melt 是自身受热从固态变液态(如:冰化成水)。 Dissolve 是溶于溶剂(如:糖溶于水,糖是溶质,水是溶剂)。 Melt vs. Thaw: Thaw 通常特指“解冻”,指冰冻的食物或土地从冰点以下恢复到冰点以上,强调“解冻”的过程,不一定完全化成水。 Melt 强调最终变成液体的状态。 starve [st v] v.(使)挨饿,饿死;使极其缺乏,需要 1. 核心固定搭配 (Phrasal Verbs & Prepositional Phrases) starve to death=be starved to death 饿死 Without food and water, the explorers would starve to death in the desert. starve for sth 渴望;急需 He is starving for recognition. (他渴望得到认可。) starved adj. 饥饿的;饥肠辘辘的 starving adj. 饥饿的 starvation n. 饥饿,捱饿,饿死 starve [st v] v.(使)挨饿,饿死;使极其缺乏,需要 1. 核心固定搭配 (Phrasal Verbs & Prepositional Phrases) starve to do sth 渴望去做某事 starve sb. into (doing) sth. 迫使某人做某事 The army tried to starve the enemy into surrender. (军队试图切断敌人的补给,迫使他们投降。) be starved for (of)sth. 缺少某物 = be short of=be lacking in starving children 饥饿的儿童 release [r li s] v.释放;排放;发布 n.释放;排放,泄漏 1. 核心固定搭配 release stress 释放压力 ️ release ...from ... 从……释放……,免去……的职务/责任。 He was released from prison after serving two years of a five-year sentence.(他服刑两年后获释出狱。) The surgery released him from years of pain.(手术使他摆脱了多年的病痛。) I release you from your promise.(我免除你许下的诺言。) release [r li s] v.释放;排放;发布 n.释放;排放,泄漏 1. 核心固定搭配 release...into 把...释放到 Coal power stations release sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere.(燃煤发电站向大气中排放二氧化硫。) Hormones are released into the bloodstream.(荷尔蒙被释放到血液中。) release sth (to sb/sth) 发布(新闻等) The company issued a press release announcing the appointment of a new CEO.(公司发布新闻稿,宣布任命新任首席执行官。) According to a news release, the event has been postponed.(根据新闻稿,该活动已被推迟。) release [r li s] v.释放;排放;发布 n.释放;排放,泄漏 核心固定搭配 release a film/book/record 发行一部电影/一本书/一张唱片 go on release 上映;发行 The latest Disney film goes on general release next month.(迪士尼的最新电影将于下个月公映。) the latest release 最新发行的产品 sustain [s ste n] vt.维持;支持;承受住 核心固定搭配 sustain + 名词(遭受类),灾难、事故、财务 sustain damage/an injury/a defeat/losses 遭受损失/受伤/遭到失败/蒙受损失 The house sustained severe damage in the storm.(这栋房子在暴风雨中受损严重。) sustainable adj 可持续的;不破坏环境的 sustainability n. 持续性、能维持性 sustained adj. 持久的;持续的 sustaining adj.支持的;持续的 sustain [s ste n] vt.维持;支持;承受住 核心固定搭配 sustain + 名词(维持类),经济、生态、状态 sustain relationships with sb. 与某人维持关系 He finds it difficult to sustain relationships.(他觉得很难维系关系。) make a sustained effort 做出不懈的努力 sustainable adj 可持续的;不破坏环境的 sustainability n. 持续性、能维持性 sustained adj. 持久的;持续的 sustaining adj.支持的;持续的 sustain [s ste n] vt.维持;支持;承受住 核心固定搭配 sustain + 名词(维持类),经济、生态、状态 sustain life:维持生命 This planet is unable to sustain human life.(这颗行星无法维持人类生存。) sustain growth / sustain interest:保持增长 / 维持兴趣 It takes great effort to sustain the interest of older children.(要维持大龄儿童的兴趣需要付出很大努力。) sustain a relationship:维系关系 He finds it difficult to sustain relationships.(他觉得很难维系关系。) sustain [s ste n] vt.维持;支持;承受住 核心固定搭配 sustain + 名词(支撑类),物理结构、精神、生计 sustain a family:供养家庭 She alone sustains her family.(她独自一人供养着全家。) sustain the weight:支撑重量 The bridge must sustain the weight of heavy trucks.(这座桥必须能承受重型卡车的重量。) trend [trend] n.趋势;趋向;动向 set the trend 开启新风气 This designer set the trend for brightly colored clothes.(这位设计师引领了亮色服装的潮流。) Celebrities often set the trends in fashion.(名人往往引领时尚潮流。) a growing trend towards… 有增加的趋势 There is a growing trend towards remote working.(远程办公的趋势日益增长。) The trend towards healthier eating is clear.(追求健康饮食的趋势很明显。) tendency n.趋向;趋势;倾向 tend v. 倾向;往往会;趋向;照料 trend [trend] n.趋势;趋向;动向 a trend in... ...的趋势 follow closely the latest world trend 紧跟世界潮流 economic /social / political trends 经济/社会/政治趋势 On trend 符合潮流的;时尚的。 Buck the trend 逆势而行;打破常规。 tendency n.趋向;趋势;倾向 tend v. 倾向;往往会;趋向;照料 frequently [ fri kw ntli] adv.频繁地;经常 the frequency of… ……的发生率 The frequency of natural disasters seems to be increasing.(自然灾害发生的频率似乎在增加。) We need to reduce the frequency of our meetings.(我们需要减少开会的次数。) High / Low Frequency 高/低频率 Accidents are happening with increasing frequency.(事故发生的频率正在增加。) frequent adj.频繁的; 经常发生的 frequency n.频繁;频率 frequently [ fri kw ntli] adv.频繁地;经常 Radio Frequency 无线电频率 The device operates on a specific radio frequency.(该设备在特定的无线电频率上运行。) Radio frequency identification (RFID) is used for tracking.(射频识别技术用于追踪。) Frequency Response频率响应 The speaker has a wide frequency response.(这个扬声器的频率响应范围很宽。) We tested the frequency response of the microphone.(我们测试了麦克风的频率响应。) broadcast [ br dk st] vt.& vi. 播送;广播;传播 n.广播节目;电视节目 live broadcast 现场直播 / 直播 The game will be shown in live broadcast. news broadcast 新闻广播 I listen to the hourly news broadcast. broadcast network 广播网 / 联播网 ABC is a major television broadcast network. radio broadcast 无线电广播 We heard the speech on radio broadcast. television broadcast 电视广播 The ceremony was a global television broadcast event. broadcaster (n) 广播员;节目主持人 policy [ p l si] n.政策;方针;原则 ️ 核心固定搭配 economic policy 经济政策 Monetary Policy 货币政策 Fiscal Policy 财政政策 The central bank tightened monetary policy to control inflation.(央行收紧了货币政策以控制通货膨胀。) The government is implementing an expansionary fiscal policy.(政府正在实施扩张性财政政策。) politics n.政治 political n.政治的 politician n.政治家 policy [ p l si] n.政策;方针;原则 ️ 核心固定搭配 Foreign Policy / Domestic Policy 外交政策 / 国内政策 The country is re-evaluating its foreign policy.(该国正在重新评估其外交政策。) Education reform is a key part of their domestic policy.(教育改革是他们国内政策的关键部分。) Insurance Policy保险单 Make sure you read the terms of your insurance policy carefully.(务必仔细阅读你的保险单条款。) He cashed in his life insurance policy.(他兑现了他的寿险保单。) policy [ p l si] n.政策;方针;原则 ️ 核心固定搭配 Policy Maker 决策者;制定政策的人 The conference was attended by leading economists and policy makers.(会议聚集了顶尖的经济学家和决策者。) make/ develop a policy (on sth) 制定(有关某事)的政策 adopt/ carry out/ follow a policy 采取/实施/奉行方针 restrict [r str kt] vt.限制;限定;束缚 restrict A to B 把A限制在B Please restrict your comments to the topic at hand.(请将你的评论限制在手头的话题上。) Access to the club is restricted to members only.(只有会员才能进入该俱乐部。) We had to restrict ourselves to one bottle of wine per person.(我们不得不把自己限制在每人一瓶酒。) restrictive adj. 限制性的,约束的 restricted adj. 受限制的 restriction n. 限制/约束 restrict [r str kt] vt.限制;限定;束缚 restrict sb from doing sth 阻止……做……,禁止……进入…… =limit sb. to sth/doing sth. =keep sb. from doing sth. =stop sb. from doing sth. =prevent sb. from doing sth. The law restricts companies from dumping waste into the river.(法律禁止公司将废物倒入河中。) restrictive adj. 限制性的,约束的 restricted adj. 受限制的 restriction n. 限制/约束 restrict [r str kt] vt.限制;限定;束缚 restrict oneself to ... 自我约束,只做…… He restricted himself to smoking only five cigarettes a day.(他把自己限制在每天只抽五支烟。) Try to restrict yourself to one dessert per day.(试着把自己限制在每天只吃一种甜点。) impose/place restrictions on……对……实行限制 without restriction 不受限制 seize [si z] vt.抓住;夺取;控制 核心固定搭配 seize/grasp/catch/grab the opportunity / chance 抓住机遇;把握机会。 She seized the opportunity to study abroad.(她抓住了出国留学的机会。) Don't let the chance slip away; seize it!(别让机会溜走,抓住它!) seize power / control 夺取政权;占领;控制 The rebels tried to seize power in a coup.(叛军试图通过政变夺取政权。) Troops have seized control of the broadcasting station.(军队已经占领了广播电台。) seize [si z] vt.抓住;夺取;控制 核心固定搭配 seize/catch/hold sb. by the+身体部位 抓住某人的某个部位 He seized the thief by the collar.(他抓住了小偷的衣领。) seize sb. by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊 She seized me by the arm and pulled me aside.(她抓住我的胳膊把我拉到一边。) be seized by…… 被……抓住;侵袭 seize [si z] vt.抓住;夺取;控制 核心固定搭配 fear seize sb. 恐惧侵袭了我 seize up (机器)卡住;(身体)僵硬;(系统)瘫痪 The engine suddenly seized up.(发动机突然卡住了。) My muscles seized up after running the marathon.(跑完马拉松后我的肌肉僵硬了。) seize [si z] vt.抓住;夺取;控制 核心固定搭配 seize on/upon 抓住;突然对……大为关注 Opponents quickly seized on the minister's mistake.(反对者迅速抓住了部长的失误不放。) Be seized with +情感与状态(fear/panic):突然感到(恐慌,害怕);被……攫住; I was suddenly seized with a feeling of great insecurity.(我突然感到极度没有安全感。) He was seized with a sudden heart attack.(他突然心脏病发作。) reform [r f m] vi.& vt. 改革;改造 n. 改革;变革;改良 reform and opening-up policy 改革开放政策 carry out / implement reform 实施改革;执行改革 The new leader promised to carry out major structural reforms.(新领导承诺将进行重大的结构性改革。) It is time to implement these reforms.(是时候实施这些改革了。) reform oneself / be reformed 改过自新;洗心革面;(使)改造 He promised to reform his behavior.(他承诺要改过自新。) reformer n. 改革者; 改良者 reformation n. 改进; 改革; 改善 undergo [ nd ] vt. 经历;经受(变化、不快等) 医疗与个人经历类(最常用) Undergo surgery / an operation 接受手术 / 动手术 He underwent heart bypass surgery last week.(他上周接受了心脏搭桥手术。) Undergo treatment / medical examination 接受治疗 / 进行体检 She is currently undergoing treatment for cancer.(她目前正在接受癌症治疗。) 助记: understand v.理解 undertake v.承担 underestimate v.低估 underline v.在……下面划线 underdog n.弱势群体 underwear n.内衣,衬衣 undergo [ nd ] vt. 经历;经受(变化、不快等) 医疗与个人经历类(最常用) Undergo tests / scans 接受检查 / 进行扫描 He went into the hospital to undergo tests for a pain in his abdomen.(他去医院接受腹部疼痛的检查。) Undergo a transformation / metamorphosis 经历蜕变 / 发生巨变 The city has undergone a remarkable transformation.(这座城市经历了惊人的巨变。) Undergo hardship / suffering 遭受苦难 / 经受困苦 The explorers had to undergo much suffering.(探险者们不得不忍受许多痛苦。) undergo [ nd ] vt. 经历;经受(变化、不快等) 组织、社会与物质类 Undergo changes / reforms 经历变化 / 进行改革 The company is undergoing major changes.(公司正在经历重大变革。) Undergo training / education 接受培训 / 接受教育 New recruits are undergoing basic training.(新兵们正在接受基础训练。) Undergo inspection / review / testing 接受检查 / 进行审查 / 接受测试 All planes must undergo rigorous safety checks.(所有飞机都必须接受严格的安全检查。) undergo [ nd ] vt. 经历;经受(变化、不快等) 组织、社会与物质类 Undergo a process 经历一个过程 例句: The idea must undergo the test of experiment.(观念必须经得起实验的检验。) Undergo decay / decomposition 发生腐烂 / 进行分解 例句: Metals undergo expansion when heated.(金属加热时会膨胀。) harmonious [h m ni s] adj.和谐的 a harmonious society 一个和谐社会 Building a harmonious society is a long-term goal. Harmonious relationship 和睦的关系 • They enjoy a harmonious relationship. Harmonious sound 悦耳的声音 。 • The choir produced a harmonious sound. harmony n. 和谐 harmoniously adv. 和谐地 harmonious [h m ni s] adj.和谐的 in harmony with… 与……协调;与……相配 The colors of the room are in harmony.(这个房间的色彩搭配很协调。) Their opinions are in harmony with each other.(他们的观点彼此一致。) harmony n. 和谐 harmoniously adv. 和谐地 harmonious [h m ni s] adj.和谐的 out of harmony with sb./sth. 与某人/物不协调、 live/work in harmony 融洽地生活/工作 The couple lives in perfect harmony.(这对夫妇生活得非常和睦。) People from different cultures live in harmony in this city.(来自不同文化的人在这个城市和睦共处。) We must learn to live in harmony with nature.(我们必须学会与自然和谐相处。) harmony n. 和谐 harmoniously adv. 和谐地 harmonious [h m ni s] adj.和谐的 音乐领域:和声 Musical harmony: 音乐和声 The song is famous for its beautiful harmony.(这首歌以其优美的和声而闻名。) They sang in perfect harmony.(他们演唱时和声完美。) harmony n. 和谐 harmoniously adv. 和谐地 submit [s b m t] vt.&vi.提交;呈递;屈服 核心固定搭配(提交/呈递) submit sth. to sb. 向某人提交某物 All candidates must submit their dissertation to the committee.(所有候选人都必须向委员会提交论文。) Please submit your application form by Friday.(请在周五前提交申请表。) They submitted their reports to the chancellor.(他们向财政大臣提交了报告。) submission n. 屈服;提交 submit [s b m t] vt.&vi.提交;呈递;屈服 核心固定搭配(提交/呈递) submit that (正式)建议;主张;认为 I submit that the evidence is inadmissible.(我认为这份证据是不可采纳的。) In conclusion, I submit that the proposal needs major changes.(最后,我认为该提案需要重大修改。) submit sth. for sth. 提交……以供……;呈报……以获得…… The developers submitted building plans for approval.(开发商提交了建筑规划以待批准。) She submitted her artwork for the exhibition.(她提交了她的艺术品参展。) submit [s b m t] vt.&vi.提交;呈递;屈服 核心固定搭配(屈服/服从) submit oneself to+权威/规则/命运使自己经受……;甘受……;服从…… He submitted himself to a search by the guards.(他只好让卫兵搜查。) We had to submit ourselves to discipline.(我们必须遵守纪律。) submit [s b m t] vt.&vi.提交;呈递;屈服 核心固定搭配(屈服/服从) submit to sth. /sb. 顺从、屈服某人/某物;向某人投降 = be submitted to sb/sth He refused to submit to the unjust decision.(他拒绝服从这个不公正的决定。) The army intends to starve the city into submission.(军队打算通过饥饿迫使该城市投降。) She decided to resign rather than submit herself to the new rules.(她决定辞职,也不愿服从新规定。) submit [s b m t] vt.&vi.提交;呈递;屈服 核心固定搭配(屈服/服从) submit to (doing) sth. 不得已接受某事 拒绝做某事 refuse to do sth=decline to do sth=reject doing sth 特定领域用法(计算机/编程) Submit Button 提交按钮。在HTML表单中,<input type="submit"> 用于创建提交按钮,用户点击后将表单数据发送到服务器。 Form Submission 表单提交。 指用户填写完网页表单(如注册、登录)后,点击提交按钮将数据发送出去的过程。 sensitive [ sens t v] adj.敏感的; 善解人意的;灵敏的 be sensitive to 对……敏感 (这是一个褒义搭配,形容一个人情商高,能察觉并照顾他人的感受或需求。) A good teacher must be sensitive to the needs of her students.(好老师必须体恤学生的需求。) He is a sensitive and caring father.(他是一个善解人意且有爱心的父亲。) sense n. 感觉;见识;意义;理智 vt. 感觉到 sensible adj. 明智的,可察觉的 sensitively adv.敏感地 sensitive [ sens t v] adj.敏感的; 善解人意的;灵敏的 be sensitive about对……很在意;对……很敏感(容易生气或尴尬) He is very sensitive about his height.(他对自己的身高很敏感。) Don't be so sensitive!(别那么神经过敏!) make sense 讲得通;有道理 make sense of 理解;弄懂 in a sense 在某种意义上 in no sense 决不(置于句首句子用倒装) sensitive [ sens t v] adj.敏感的; 善解人意的;灵敏的 Sensitive information / data:机密信息 / 敏感数据 This file contains sensitive information. Don't share it. (这是机密文件,别外传)。 Sensitive issue / topic:敏感话题 Religion and politics are sensitive topics in many conversations. (宗教和政治是很多对话中的敏感话题)。 Sensitive skin:敏感性皮肤 Use mild soap if you have sensitive skin. (如果你是敏感肌,请用温和的肥皂)。 Sensitive equipment:精密/灵敏的仪器 The lab has highly sensitive equipment. (实验室有非常精密的仪器)。 restore [r st (r)] vt.恢复;使复原;修复 物理修复与复原(让旧物焕新) Restore+sth(古迹/家具/画作) +(to its former glory)修复……;整修…… The team is working to restore the ancient castle to its former glory.(团队正在努力修复古堡,使其重现昔日辉煌。) 抽象恢复(让状态回归) restore sb/sth to sth 使恢复到,使复原到 We will restore her to health.(我们会让她恢复健康。 restoration n. 恢复;复原;修复 restore [r st (r)] vt.恢复;使复原;修复 抽象恢复(让状态回归) restore one's sight 恢复视力 restore sb.'s faith/credit 重拾信心;恢复信誉。 同义:recover v.恢复(健康,精神,体力), resume v.恢复(职位),继续 refresh v.恢复精神状态 restoration n. 恢复;复原;修复 restore [r st (r)] vt.恢复;使复原;修复 抽象恢复(让状态回归) restore one's sight 恢复视力 restore sb.'s faith/credit 重拾信心;恢复信誉。 His honesty restored my faith in humanity.(他的诚实让我重拾了对人性的信心。) 同义:recover v.恢复(健康,精神,体力), resume v.恢复(职位),继续 refresh v.恢复精神状态 restoration n. 恢复;复原;修复 restore [r st (r)] vt.恢复;使复原;修复 归还与重置(回到原位/原始状态) restore sth(失物/权利) to sb. 归还给……;把……还给…… The stolen painting was finally restored to its rightful owner.(被盗的画作终于物归原主。) The king was restored to the throne.(国王被复辟,重登王位。) restore factory settings / default settings恢复出厂设置;恢复默认设置。 backup and restore 备份与还原 restoration n. 恢复;复原;修复 dozen [ d zn] n.(一)打;十二个 dozens of 许多;很多 Dozens of reporters were waiting outside.(几十名记者在门外等候。) by the dozen 成打地;大量地;按打计算。 ggs are sold by the dozen.(鸡蛋按打出售。) They arrived by the dozen.(他们成群结队地到来。 dozens of countries 许多国家 two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 dozen [ d zn] n.(一)打;十二个 情况 B:表示泛指(不确定的数量) 规则: 必须加 s,必须加 of。 公式: dozens of + 名词 例句: Dozens of people (许多人) 情况 A:与具体数字连用(如 two, three, several) 规则: 不加 s,通常也不加 of。 公式: 数字 + dozen + 名词 例句: three dozen eggs (36个鸡蛋) several dozen pencils (好几打铅笔) 语法规则详解(什么时候加 s?什么时候加 of?) 有of加s,无of, 不加s dozen [ d zn] n.(一)打;十二个 英语中有一些和dozen一样表示数目的单词,如:score, ten, hundred, thousand, decade等,它们的用法与dozen相同。 scores of 许多,大量几十个 tens of 数十 hundreds of 数百 thousands of 数千 tens of thousands of 数万 hundreds of thousands of 数十万 millions of 数百万 tens of millions of 数千万 hundreds of millions of 数亿 billions of 数十亿 disposal [d sp zl] n.去掉;清除;处理 ️ 核心用法一:处理与清除(最常用) waste disposal 废物处理;垃圾处理。 The city has a strict waste disposal system.(这座城市有一套严格的废物处理系统。) Proper waste disposal is essential for public health.(适当的垃圾处理对公共卫生至关重要。) sewage disposal污水处理;排污。 Lack of proper sewage disposal can cause diseases.(缺乏适当的污水处理会导致疾病。) dispose vt.&vi. 处理;处置;安排 disposable adj. 一次性的;可自由支配的 disposal [d sp zl] n.去掉;清除;处理 ️ 核心用法一:处理与清除(最常用) at one’s disposal 任某人处理/ 自行支配 If you need any help, I am at your disposal.(如果你需要帮助,我随时听候差遣。) All the company's resources are at his disposal.(公司所有的资源都任由他支配。) disposal [d sp zl] n.去掉;清除;处理 ️ 核心用法一:处理与清除(最常用) dispose of sth ……的处理/清除 The disposal of hazardous chemicals is strictly regulated.(危险化学品的处理受到严格监管。) We need to find a safe disposal of the old furniture.(我们需要找到一个安全的方式来处理旧家具。) disposal of assets/property 资产处置;财产变卖 He has full disposal of the estate.(他对这笔财产有完全的处置权。) disposal [d sp zl] n.去掉;清除;处理 ️ 核心用法一:处理与清除(最常用) disposal cost 处置成本;清理费用。 The general ordered a change in the disposal of troops.(将军下令改变兵力部署。) 同义:handle, manage, deal with,address/tackle,solve/settle arrive - arrival survive - survival refuse - refusal propose - proposal approve - approval disapprove - disapproval inspection [ n spek n] n.检查;查看;视察 ️ 核心固定搭配(质量与工程) quality inspection 质量检验;质检。 The product failed the quality inspection.(这个产品没通过质检。) Strict quality inspection ensures no defective items are shipped.(严格的质量检验确保没有次品出货。) inspect vt.检查 inspector n. 检查员,视察员 inspective adj. 检查的、注意的 inspection [ n spek n] n.检查;查看;视察 ️ 核心固定搭配(质量与工程) inspection report 检验报告;查货报告 Please send me the inspection report by tomorrow.(请在明天之前把检验报告发给我。) The inspection report revealed several safety hazards.(检验报告揭示了几个安全隐患。) inspection [ n spek n] n.检查;查看;视察 ️ 核心固定搭配(质量与工程) pre-shipment inspection 装船前检验 site inspection 现场勘察;工地视察 final inspection carry out regular inspections 定期检查 inspect the army 检阅部队 inspection [ n spek n] n.检查;查看;视察 核心固定搭配(安全与合规) safety inspection 安全检查 The building passed the fire safety inspection.(这栋大楼通过了消防安全检查。) Regular safety inspections are mandatory.(定期的安全检查是强制性的。) routine inspection 例行检查 Customs officials perform a routine inspection on all imported cars.(海关官员会对所有进口汽车进行例行检查。) inspection [ n spek n] n.检查;查看;视察 核心固定搭配(安全与合规) health inspection卫生检查。 The restaurant received an 'A' grade on its health inspection.(这家餐厅在卫生检查中获得了“A”级评分。) surprise inspection 突击检查。 高频动词搭配(动作感) carry out / conduct an inspection 进行检查;实施视察 The police carried out a thorough inspection of the vehicle.(警察对车辆进行了彻底的检查。) We will conduct a inspection next week.(我们将在下周进行一次视察。) inspection [ n spek n] n.检查;查看;视察 高频动词搭配(动作感) pass / fail an inspection 通过/未通过检查 The hotel passed its annual inspection.(这家旅馆通过了年度检查。) If you fail the inspection, you have to fix the problems and reapply.(如果你没通过检查,你必须修好问题后重新申请。) be open to inspection 公开接受检查;随时可供查阅 The records are open to inspection by the authorities.(这些记录可供当局查阅。) inspection [ n spek n] n.检查;查看;视察 特定语境与习语 inspection tour 视察之旅;巡视 The president went on an inspection tour of the province.(总统对该省进行了视察。 on closer inspection 经过更仔细的检查;仔细一看 It looked like a real diamond, but on closer inspection, it was glass.(它看起来像颗真钻石,但仔细一看,原来是玻璃。) visual inspection 目视检查;外观检验。 inspection [ n spek n] n.检查;查看;视察 近义词辨析 Inspection vs. Examination vs. Investigation Inspection: 侧重外部查看,看是否符合标准(如:验货)。 Examination: 侧重内部深入的检查或测试(如:考试、体检)。 Investigation: 侧重调查原因,通常用于破案或事故分析。 fine [fa n] vt.对…处以罚款 fine sb. for (doing) sth. 因某事而惩罚某人 He was fined $200 for parking illegally.(他因违章停车被罚款200美元。) The court fined the company for pollution.(法院因污染问题对该公司处以罚款。) be fined for (doing) sth. 因某事而被惩罚 同义词语 fee, charge, rent, fine tolerate [ t l re t] vt.忍受;包容;容许 ? 宽容与默许(社会/人际) tolerate = stand = bear = put up with 容忍 I tolerate his rudeness because he is my boss.(我忍受他的粗鲁,因为他是我老板。) We cannot tolerate such carelessness in this job.(我们不能容忍这种工作中的粗心大意。) tolerance n. 宽容;容忍 tolerant adj. 宽容的;容忍的 tolerable adj. 可容忍的 intolerable adj. 无法忍受的;不能容忍的 tolerate [ t l re t] vt.忍受;包容;容许 ? 宽容与默许(社会/人际) be tolerant(adj) of sth. /sb. 容忍某物/某人 You should be more tolerant of other people's opinions.(你应该对别人的观点更宽容一些。) tolerate (one’s/sb.) doing sth. 容忍(某人)做某事 I won't tolerate lying. (我不容忍撒谎。) tolerance n. 宽容;容忍 tolerant adj. 宽容的;容忍的 tolerable adj. 可容忍的 intolerable adj. 无法忍受的;不能容忍的 tolerate [ t l re t] vt.忍受;包容;容许 ? 生理与科学(耐受/适应) tolerate high/low temperatures(极端环境) Few plants can tolerate sudden changes in temperature.(很少有植物能耐受气温的突然变化。) This metal can tolerate extreme heat.(这种金属能耐受极高的温度。) drug tolerance 药物耐受性 He has developed a tolerance to this painkiller.(他对这种止痛药产生了耐受性。) tolerate [ t l re t] vt.忍受;包容;容许 ? 生理与科学(耐受/适应) shade-tolerant / sun-tolerant 耐阴的;耐晒的 极端环境) Few plants can tolerate sudden changes in temperature.(很少有植物能耐受气温的突然变化。) This metal can tolerate extreme heat.(这种金属能耐受极高的温度。) drug tolerance 药物耐受性 He has developed a tolerance to this painkiller.(他对这种止痛药产生了耐受性。) agenda [ d end ] n.议程表;议事日程 核心用法:会议与日程(最常用) an item on the agenda 议程上的一项;日程中的一件事 Let's move on to the next item on the agenda.(让我们继续讨论议程表上的下一项。) There are several important items on the agenda for today's meeting.(今天会议的议程中有几项重要内容。) agenda [ d end ] n.议程表;议事日程 核心用法:会议与日程(最常用) add sth. to one’s agenda把某事加在某人的日程表上 put sth. on the agenda 把……提上议程;让……成为讨论话题 The new report has put climate change firmly on the agenda.(这份新报告已将气候变化问题明确地提上议程。) at the top of the agenda位于最重要的议事日程 agenda [ d end ] n.议程表;议事日程 核心用法:会议与日程(最常用) set the agenda确定工作日程 The chairperson will set the agenda for the board meeting.(主席将为董事会会议制定议程。) Social media often sets the agenda for political debates.(社交媒体经常为政治辩论定调。) 抽象用法:优先事项与规划 high on the agenda 排在议程首位;非常重要;优先级高 Safety must be kept high on the agenda.(安全问题必须放在首位。) In our company, quality is high on the agenda.(在我们公司,质量是重中之重。) Words and Expressions 新人教选择性必修三 Unit 3 Thank You ! $