Unit8词汇备课2026-2027学年沪教版九年级英语上册

该初中英语Unit 8知识清单系统梳理了26个重点词汇及8个核心短语，以“词性-词义-搭配-例句-练习”五维结构组织词汇学习，搭建从基础认知到语境应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“星号标注重难点”“词性转换关联”“复数变化对比”等设计构建知识体系，如将possession、analysis等标为星级词，解析scarf两种复数形式及scissors主谓一致规则，培养学生语言能力与学习能力。练习题针对易错点，如lie的不规则变化，助力学生自主巩固，教师可据此优化教学环节，提升课堂效率。

沪教版九年级上Unit 8词汇备课 1. wallet 词性/词义：n. 钱包 常见搭配：a leather wallet (皮钱包) 例句：I left my wallet at home. (我把钱包忘在家里了。) 练习题： 1. He took out his ________ (wallet) and paid. → wallet 2. Two ________ (wallet) were found on the bus. → wallets 解析：wallet可数，复数加s。 2. possession (星号词) 词性/词义：n. 私人物品；个人财产 (常用复数) 近义词：belongings 词性转换：possess (v. 拥有) 常见搭配：in possession of (拥有) 例句：All his possessions fit into one suitcase. (他所有的财产装进了一个行李箱。) 练习题： 1. He ________ (possession) a large house. → possesses 2. His personal ________ (possession) were left behind. → possessions 解析：possession作“财产”时常用复数。 3. knee 词性/词义：n. 膝；膝盖 常见搭配：on one’s knees (跪着) 例句：She fell and hurt her knee. (她摔倒了，伤了膝盖。) 练习题： 1. He got down on his ________ (knee). → knees (常用复数) 2. The water was ________ (knee)-deep. → knee 解析：knee-deep为合成形容词。 4. scarf 词性/词义：n. 围巾 复数形式：scarves 或 scarfs 例句：She wore a red scarf. (她戴着一条红围巾。) 练习题： 1. She bought two ________ (scarf). → scarves (或scarfs) 2. This ________ (scarf) is made of wool. → scarf 解析：scarf的两种复数形式均可。 5. cash 词性/词义：n. 现金 (不可数) 常见搭配：pay in cash (现金支付) 例句：Do you have any cash on you? (你身上有现金吗？) 练习题： 1. I need to ________ (cash) this check. → cash (动词：兑现) 2. The store doesn’t accept ________ (cash). → cash 解析：cash可作名词和动词。 6. scissors 词性/词义：n. (pl.) 剪刀 (通常用复数) 常见搭配：a pair of scissors (一把剪刀) 例句：These scissors are sharp. (这把剪刀很锋利。) 练习题： 1. This pair of scissors ________ (be) mine. → is (pair作主语) 2. The ________ (scissor) are on the table. → scissors 解析：scissors做主语时动词用复数；但a pair of scissors用单数。 7. chain 词性/词义：n. 链子 常见搭配：a bicycle chain (自行车链条)；a chain of (一连串) 例句：She wore a gold chain around her neck. (她脖子上戴着一条金链子。) 练习题： 1. The dogs were ________ (chain) to the wall. → chained (动词：用链子拴住) 2. A ________ (chain) of events led to the accident. → chain 解析：chain可作名词和动词。 8. display (星号词) 词性/词义：n. 陈列；展览 (v. 展示) 近义词：exhibition (展览)；show (展示) 常见搭配：on display (在展出) 例句：The paintings are on display. (画作正在展出。) 9. shelf 词性/词义：n. 架子；搁板 复数：shelves 常见搭配：on the shelf (在架子上) 例句：The book is on the top shelf. (书在最上面那层架子上。) 练习题： 1. Please put the books back on the ________ (shelf). → shelves (复数) 2. This ________ (shelf) is broken. → shelf 解析：注意shelf → shelves的复数变化。 10. bill 词性/词义：n. 账单 (也作：鸟嘴；法案) 常见搭配：pay the bill (付账)；phone bill (电话账单) 例句：Could I have the bill, please? (请把账单给我好吗？) 练习题： 1. The waiter brought the ________ (bill). → bill 2. The ________ (bill) for dinner was $50. → bill 解析：bill作“账单”为可数名词。 11. handmade 词性/词义：adj. 手工制作的 反义词：machine-made (机器制造的) 例句：She sells handmade jewelry. (她卖手工首饰。) 练习题： 1. This dress is ________ (handmade) by local artists. → handmade 12. mutton 词性/词义：n. 羊肉 (不可数) 区分：lamb (羔羊肉) 例句：I don’t eat mutton. (我不吃羊肉。) 练习题： 1. We had ________ (mutton) for dinner. → mutton 2. ________ (mutton) is popular in some cultures. → Mutton 解析：mutton为不可数名词。 13. oven 词性/词义：n. 烤箱 常见搭配：preheat the oven (预热烤箱) 例句：The cake is in the oven. (蛋糕在烤箱里。) 练习题： 1. She baked the bread in the ________ (oven). → oven 2. Two ________ (oven) are needed for the bakery. → ovens 解析：oven可数，复数加s。 14. lie 词性/词义：v. 平放 (也作：躺；位于) 区分：lie vs. lay (lie为不及物，lay为及物) 过去式/分词：lie-lay-lain 例句：The book lay on the table. (书平放在桌子上。) 练习题： 1. He ________ (lie) down on the bed. → lay (过去式) 2. The cat has ________ (lie) there all morning. → lain 解析：注意lie的三种含义（平放/躺/位于）变化相同；不要与“说谎”的lie-lied-lied混淆。 15. analysis (星号词) 词性/词义：n. (对事物的)分析 复数：analyses 词性转换：analyse (v. 分析) 例句：The analysis shows a clear trend. (分析显示了一个明确的趋势。) 练习题： 1. The scientist ________ (analysis) the data carefully. → analysed (动词) 2. Several ________ (analysis) were conducted. → analyses (复数) 解析：analysis的复数形式为analyses，发音/əˈnælɪsiːz/。 16. conditions 词性/词义：n. (pl.) 环境；条件 单数：condition (状态；条件) 常见搭配：living conditions (居住条件)；working conditions (工作条件) 例句：The working conditions here are great. (这里的工作环境很棒。) 练习题： 1. The ________ (condition) of the house is poor. → condition (单数，指状态) 2. Under these ________ (condition), we cannot continue. → conditions 解析：condition指“状态”时常用单数；指“环境/条件”时常用复数。 17. selfless 词性/词义：adj. 无私的 反义词：selfish (自私的) 词性转换：selflessly (adv. 无私地)；selflessness (n. 无私) 例句：She is a selfless volunteer. (她是个无私的志愿者。) 练习题： 1. He gave ________ (selfless) to help others. → selflessly 2. Her ________ (selfless) is admired by everyone. → selflessness 解析：-less为形容词后缀，变副词加-ly，变名词加-ness。 18. poverty 词性/词义：n. 贫困 反义词：wealth (财富) 常见搭配：live in poverty (生活在贫困中) 例句：The family lives in deep poverty. (这个家庭生活在极度贫困中。) 练习题： 1. The ________ (poor) of the area is shocking. → poverty (也可用poorness，但poverty更常见) 2. He grew up in ________ (poverty). → poverty 解析：poverty是poor的名词形式之一。 19. handwritten 词性/词义：adj. 手写的 反义词：typed (打印的)；printed (印刷的) 词性转换：handwriting (n. 笔迹) 例句：I received a handwritten letter. (我收到了一封手写的信。) 练习题： 1. The note was ________ (handwrite). → handwritten 2. Her ________ (handwriting) is beautiful. → handwriting 解析：handwritten是过去分词作形容词，handwriting是名词。 20. degree 词性/词义：n. 度（温度单位）(也作：程度；学位) 常见搭配：degrees Celsius (摄氏度)；to some degree (在某种程度上) 例句：The temperature is 30 degrees today. (今天气温30度。) 练习题： 1. Water freezes at 0 ________ (degree) Celsius. → degrees 2. She has a ________ (degree) in physics. → degree (学位) 解析：表示温度时常用复数，但1 degree用单数。 21. flu 词性/词义：n. 流感 (全称influenza) 常见搭配：catch the flu (得流感)；bird flu (禽流感) 例句：He is in bed with the flu. (他因流感卧床。) 练习题： 1. Many people caught ________ (flu) this winter. → flu 2. She got a ________ (flu) shot. → flu 解析：flu通常与the连用：the flu。 22. pale 词性/词义：adj. 苍白的 常见搭配：turn pale (变得苍白) 词性转换：paleness (n. 苍白) 例句：You look pale. Are you sick? (你脸色苍白，生病了吗？) 练习题： 1. His face turned ________ (pale) with fear. → pale 2. The ________ (pale) of her skin worried the doctor. → paleness 解析：pale为形容词，名词形式为paleness。 23. earn 词性/词义：v. 挣得；赚得 近义词：make (赚取)；gain (获得) 常见搭配：earn money (赚钱)；earn a living (谋生) 例句：She earns $100 a day. (她每天挣100美元。) 练习题： 1. He ________ (earn) his living as a taxi driver. → earns 2. His hard work ________ (earn) him a promotion. → earned 解析：earn后接金钱或抽象名词（respect, living等）。 24. upstairs 词性/词义：adv. 在（或向）楼上 反义词：downstairs (楼下) 例句：He went upstairs to his room. (他上楼去了自己的房间。) 练习题： 1. The bedroom is ________ (upstairs). → upstairs 2. She called him from ________ (upstairs). → upstairs (名词化：楼上) 解析：upstairs可作副词、形容词或名词。 25. freeze 词性/词义：v. (使)冻结；结冰 词性转换：frozen (adj. 冷冻的)；freezing (adj. 极冷的) 例句：Water freezes at 0°C. (水在0°C结冰。) 练习题： 1. The lake ________ (freeze) over last night. → froze (过去式) 2. The ________ (freeze) food needs to be thawed. → frozen 解析：freeze为不规则动词：freeze-froze-frozen。 26. porridge 词性/词义：n. 粥 (不可数) 例句：I eat porridge for breakfast. (我早饭喝粥。) 练习题： 1. A bowl of ________ (porridge) is warm. → porridge 2. She added some sugar to the ________ (porridge). → porridge 解析：porridge为不可数名词。 --- Unit 8 短语讲解 pass something down 使……世代相传 例句：This necklace was passed down from my grandmother. (这条项链是我祖母传下来的。) have no choice 别无选择 例句：I had no choice but to wait. (我别无选择，只能等待。) fix one’s eyes on 凝视（某人） 例句：She fixed her eyes on the painting. (她凝视着那幅画。) a set of 一套；一副；一组 例句：He bought a set of knives. (他买了一套刀。) take away 带走；记住 例句：Take away the empty bottles. (把空瓶子拿走。) photo album 相册 例句：She keeps old photos in a photo album. (她把旧照片放在相册里。) turn out 结果是 例句：The party turned out to be great. (派对结果很棒。) ivy vine 常青藤 例句：The wall is covered with ivy vine. (墙上爬满了常青藤。) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $