摘要:
该初中英语单元复习讲义通过结构化梳理构建了Unit 3词汇知识体系,将17个核心词汇及4个短语按“词性-词义-近反义-转换-搭配-例句-练习”的逻辑串联,以框架化呈现方式清晰展示知识脉络,突出重点词汇的用法差异与内在联系,助力学生夯实语言能力基础。
讲义亮点在于“分层练习+精准解析”的设计,如通过词性转换题(“He felt deep ______ (shame)”)和语境填空题(“The view was beautiful ______ (indeed)”)引导学生分析词形变化与语法功能,培养思维品质与学习能力。基础题巩固记忆,拓展题深化理解,支持学生自主复习,也为教师实施分层教学提供精准依据。
内容正文:
沪教版九年级上unit 3词汇备课
1. indeed /ɪnˈdiːd/ adv. 确实(强调肯定的陈述或答复)
词性:副词
词义:用于加强语气,表示肯定或同意
近义词:truly, certainly, really
常见搭配:
· indeed yes 确实如此
· thank you indeed 非常感谢
例句:
“It’s cold today.” “Indeed it is.”
(“今天很冷。”“确实。”)
练习:
1. He is ________ (indeed) a kind person.
2. The view from the top was beautiful ________.
答案与解析:
1. indeed(副词,修饰整个句子)
2. indeed(句尾加强语气)
2. match /mætʃ/ n. 火柴
词性:名词(可数)
词义:用于点火的小木棍
(注意 match 还有“比赛”和“匹配”的含义)
常见搭配:
· light a match 点燃火柴
· a box of matches 一盒火柴
例句:
He struck a match and lit the candle.
(他划了一根火柴点燃了蜡烛。)
练习:
1. I need to buy a box of ________ (match).
2. He used a ________ (match) to start the fire.
答案与解析:
1. matches(复数)
2. match(单数)
3. shame /ʃeɪm/ n. 令人惋惜的事;让人遗憾的事
词性:名词(不可数/可数单数)
词义:用于表达失望或遗憾;也可指羞耻
近义词:pity, regret, disgrace
反义词:honor, pride
词性转换:shameful (adj.) 可耻的;ashamed (adj.) 感到羞愧的
常见搭配:
· What a shame! 真遗憾!
· It’s a shame that... ……真可惜
例句:
What a shame that you can’t come to the party.
(你不能来参加派对,真遗憾。)
练习:
1. He felt deep ________ (shame) for his mistake.
2. It was ________ (shame) of him to lie.
答案与解析:
1. shame(名词“羞耻”)
2. shameful(形容词“可耻的”,It was shameful of him to...)
4. remove /rɪˈmuːv/ v. 去掉
词性:动词
词义:拿走、移开或消除
近义词:take away, eliminate, delete
反义词:add, attach
词性转换:removal (n.) 移除
常见搭配:
· remove sth. from... 从……移除某物
· remove doubt 消除疑虑
例句:
Please remove your shoes before entering.
(进门前请脱掉鞋子。)
练习:
1. The ________ (remove) of the old furniture took hours.
2. She ________ (remove) the dirty dishes from the table.
答案与解析:
1. removal(名词“移除”)
2. removed(动词过去式)
5. lower /ˈləʊə(r)/ v. 把……放低
词性:动词
词义:向下移动或减少
近义词:drop, reduce, decrease
反义词:raise, increase, lift
词性转换:low (adj.) 低的;lower (adj.) 较低的(比较级)
常见搭配:
· lower your voice 放低声音
· lower the price 降价
例句:
He lowered the picture to make it level.
(他把画放低,使其水平。)
练习:
1. The temperature will ________ (lower) tonight.
2. She spoke in a ________ (low) voice.
答案与解析:
1. lower(动词“降低”)
2. low(形容词“低的”)
6. practice /ˈpræktɪs/ n. 实践;实际行动
词性:名词(不可数)
词义:实际做某事而不只是理论;也可指习惯做法
近义词:action, application, custom
反义词:theory
词性转换:practise (v.) 练习(英式拼写);practical (adj.) 实际的
常见搭配:
· in practice 在实践中
· put into practice 付诸实践
例句:
The idea sounds good, but will it work in practice?
(这个想法听起来不错,但在实践中行得通吗?)
练习:
1. You need more ________ (practise) to improve your English.
2. It’s a common ________ (practice) to tip waiters in the US.
答案与解析:
1. practice(名词,美式拼写)或 practise(英式动词,此处应为名词,所以 practice)
2. practice(名词“惯例”)
7. decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/ n. 决定
词性:名词(可数)
词义:做出的选择或结论
近义词:choice, conclusion, resolution
反义词:indecision
词性转换:decide (v.) 决定;decisive (adj.) 决定性的
常见搭配:
· make a decision 做决定
· reach a decision 达成决定
例句:
It was a difficult decision to make.
(这是一个艰难的决定。)
练习:
1. She ________ (decide) to study abroad.
2. His ________ (decisive) helped the team win.
答案与解析:
1. decided(动词过去式)
2. decisiveness(名词“果断”,或直接用 decisive 作形容词修饰名词,此处缺主语,应填 decision? 原题有误。改为:His decisive action helped... 或填 decisiveness)
8. cheat /tʃiːt/ v. 欺骗;蒙骗
词性:动词
词义:用不诚实的手段获得好处
近义词:deceive, trick, fool
反义词:be honest
词性转换:cheater (n.) 骗子;cheating (n.) 作弊
常见搭配:
· cheat on a test 考试作弊
· cheat sb. out of sth. 骗走某人的某物
例句:
He was caught cheating on the exam.
(他考试作弊被抓了。)
练习:
1. That man ________ (cheat) me out of my money.
2. Cheating is a form of ________ (cheat).
答案与解析:
1. cheated(动词过去式)
2. cheating(动名词,意为“作弊行为”)
9. strengthen /ˈstreŋθn/ v. 加强;增强;巩固
词性:动词
词义:使更强壮、更牢固或更有效
近义词:reinforce, fortify, intensify
反义词:weaken
词性转换:strength (n.) 力量;strong (adj.) 强壮的;strongly (adv.) 强烈地
常见搭配:
· strengthen relationships 加强关系
· strengthen the economy 巩固经济
例句:
Exercise can strengthen your muscles.
(锻炼可以增强你的肌肉。)
练习:
1. Regular practice will ________ (strength) your skills.
2. He showed great ________ (strong) in the competition.
答案与解析:
1. strengthen(动词)
2. strength(名词“力量”)
10. *fold /fəʊld/ v. 折叠(理解即可)
词性:动词
词义:将纸、布等折起
近义词:bend, crease
反义词:unfold, spread
词性转换:folding (adj.) 可折叠的;unfold (v.) 展开
常见搭配:
· fold a paper 折纸
· fold one’s arms 双臂交叉
例句:
He folded the letter and put it in an envelope.
(他把信折好放进信封。)
练习:
1. She ________ (fold) the clothes and put them away.
2. This table is ________ (fold), so it saves space.
答案与解析:
1. folded(动词过去式)
2. folding(形容词“可折叠的”)
11. repetition /ˌrepəˈtɪʃn/ n. 重复
词性:名词(可数/不可数)
词义:反复做或说同一件事
近义词:recurrence, reiteration
反义词:uniqueness
词性转换:repeat (v.) 重复;repetitive (adj.) 重复的
常见搭配:
· avoid repetition 避免重复
· by repetition 通过重复
例句:
Repetition helps you remember new words.
(重复有助于记忆生词。)
练习:
1. Please ________ (repetition) what you just said.
2. The work was boring and ________ (repeat).
答案与解析:
1. repeat(动词)
2. repetitive(形容词“重复乏味的”)
12. pardon /ˈpɑːdn/ exclamation(用于请求别人重复某事)请再说一遍
词性:感叹词(也作名词/动词)
词义:没听清时请对方再说一次
近义词:sorry? excuse me?
词性转换:pardon (v.) 赦免
常见搭配:
· I beg your pardon 请再说一遍/对不起
· pardon me 对不起,打扰一下
例句:
“Pardon? I didn’t catch your name.”
(“请再说一遍?我没听清你的名字。”)
练习:
1. ________ me, could you tell me the way?
2. He asked for ________ (pardon) for his mistake.
答案与解析:
1. Pardon(或 Excuse)
2. pardon(名词“原谅”)
13. vacation /vəˈkeɪʃn/ n. 假期
词性:名词(可数/不可数,美式)
词义:休息或旅行的时间
近义词:holiday(英式),break, time off
反义词:work time
常见搭配:
· on vacation 在度假
· summer vacation 暑假
例句:
We are going to the beach on vacation.
(我们要去海边度假。)
练习:
1. Where did you go for ________ (vacation)?
2. The company gives two weeks of ________ (vacate) a year.
答案与解析:
1. vacation(名词)
2. vacation(注意 vacate 是动词“腾出”,此处应为名词 vacation)
14. somehow /ˈsʌmhaʊ/ adv. 不知为什么
词性:副词
词义:由于某种不确定的原因,或以某种不确定的方式
近义词:someway, in some way
常见搭配:
· somehow or other 以某种方法
例句:
She looked different somehow, but I couldn’t tell why.
(她不知怎么看起来不太一样,但我说不出原因。)
练习:
1. ________ (Somehow), I knew he would come.
2. We need to finish this task ________.
答案与解析:
1. Somehow(句首副词)
2. somehow(意为“以某种方式”)
15. awkward /ˈɔːkwəd/ adj. 令人尴尬的
词性:形容词
词义:让人感到不舒服、难堪的
近义词:embarrassing, uncomfortable
反义词:comfortable, natural
词性转换:awkwardly (adv.) 尴尬地;awkwardness (n.) 尴尬
常见搭配:
· awkward silence 尴尬的沉默
· awkward situation 尴尬的局面
例句:
There was an awkward moment when nobody spoke.
(没人说话时出现了一阵尴尬。)
练习:
1. He ________ (awkward) tried to explain himself.
2. She felt a sense of ________ (awkward) at the party.
答案与解析:
1. awkwardly(副词修饰 tried)
2. awkwardness(名词)
16. laughter /ˈlɑːftə(r)/ n. 笑;笑声
词性:名词(不可数)
词义:笑的动作或声音
近义词:laugh
反义词:crying
词性转换:laugh (v./n.) 笑
常见搭配:
· burst into laughter 突然大笑起来
· roar with laughter 哈哈大笑
例句:
His joke caused a lot of laughter.
(他的笑话引来了许多笑声。)
练习:
1. Everyone ________ (laugh) at his funny story.
2. Her ________ (laugh) was very loud.
答案与解析:
1. laughed(动词过去式)
2. laughter(名词,不可数,或 laugh 可数名词均可,但 laughter 更正式)
17. tear /tɪə(r)/ n. 眼泪
词性:名词(常用复数 tears)
词义:哭泣时流出的液体
词性转换:tearful (adj.) 含泪的;tearfully (adv.) 流泪地
常见搭配:
· in tears 流泪
· burst into tears 突然哭起来
例句:
She wiped away her tears and smiled.
(她擦掉眼泪笑了。)
练习:
1. The movie was so sad that I ________ (tear) up.
2. He gave a ________ (tear) goodbye speech.
答案与解析:
1. teared(tear up 意为“流泪”,过去式 teared)
2. tearful(形容词“含泪的”)
短语部分
1. with admiration 钦佩地;赞赏地
用法:介词短语,作状语
近义:admiringly, respectfully
例句:
They looked at the hero with admiration.
(他们钦佩地看着英雄。)
练习:
1. The students listened to the speaker ________ (admire).
2. She spoke ________ (with admiration) of her teacher.
答案与解析:
1. with admiration(或 admiringly)
2. with admiration
2. right and wrong 是非
用法:名词短语,指对与错
例句:
Children need to learn the difference between right and wrong.
(孩子需要学会分辨是非。)
练习:
1. He has no sense of ________ (是非).
2. Teachers should teach students ________.
答案与解析:
1. right and wrong
2. right and wrong
3. fresh in one’s memory 记忆犹新
用法:形容词短语,表示某事记得很清楚
例句:
The accident is still fresh in my memory.
(那次事故我记忆犹新。)
练习:
1. His words remain ________ (fresh) in my memory.
2. That summer vacation is still ________ (记忆犹新).
答案与解析:
1. fresh
2. fresh in my memory
4. bed sheet 床单
用法:名词短语,铺床用的布单
例句:
Please change the bed sheet every week.
(每周请更换床单。)
练习:
1. We need to buy new ________ (床单).
2. The ________ (bed sheet) is made of cotton.
答案与解析:
1. bed sheets
2. bed sheet
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