摘要:
该初中英语单元复习讲义通过表格系统梳理了21个核心词汇及10个短语的知识体系,涵盖词性、词义、近反义词、词性转换、常见搭配等要素,以“词汇要素-语境应用”为脉络呈现知识联系,突出“manage”“pressure”等高频词及“get addicted to”“focus on”等重点短语的用法。
讲义的亮点在于分层练习设计,如“Good time ______ (manage) is important”的词性转换题强化语言能力,“She was embarrassed when...”的语境例句培养思维品质。基础题巩固词汇基础,拓展题提升语境应用能力,助力教师实施分层教学,支持学生自主复习时精准突破薄弱点。
内容正文:
沪教版九年级上unit 4词汇备课
1. manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ v. 明智地使用(金钱、时间、信息等)
词性:动词
词义:合理有效地利用资源;也指管理、经营
近义词:handle, control, use wisely
反义词:waste, misuse
词性转换:management (n.) 管理;manager (n.) 经理;manageable (adj.) 可管理的
常见搭配:
· manage time wisely 明智地管理时间
· manage money 理财
例句:
She knows how to manage her time between study and play.
(她知道如何在学习和玩耍之间合理安排时间。)
练习:
1. Good time ________ (manage) is important for students.
2. The company is well ________ (manage) and profitable.
答案与解析:
1. management(名词“管理”)
2. managed(动词过去分词,被动语态)
2. pressure /ˈpreʃə(r)/ n. 心理压力;紧张
词性:名词(不可数)
词义:因困难或责任而产生的紧张感
近义词:stress, strain
反义词:relaxation
词性转换:press (v.) 压;pressurize (v.) 对……施压
常见搭配:
· under pressure 在压力下
· peer pressure 同伴压力
例句:
Students feel great pressure before exams.
(考试前学生感到很大压力。)
练习:
1. Don’t let anyone ________ (pressure) you into doing something wrong.
2. He works well under ________ (press).
答案与解析:
1. pressure(动词,意为“施压”,也可用 pressure,但常见 pressurize)或用 pressure 作动词也可接受。更标准:pressurize。此处用 pressure(动词)也可。
2. pressure(名词)
3. addicted /əˈdɪktɪd/ adj. 上瘾的
词性:形容词
词义:对某物(如游戏、毒品)无法自控
近义词:hooked, dependent
反义词:unaddicted, indifferent
词性转换:addict (n.) 上瘾者;addiction (n.) 瘾;addictive (adj.) 使人上瘾的
常见搭配:
· be addicted to 对……上瘾
· get addicted to 变得上瘾
例句:
Many teenagers are addicted to online games.
(许多青少年沉迷网络游戏。)
练习:
1. He is a video game ________ (addict).
2. This drug is highly ________ (addict).
答案与解析:
1. addict(名词“上瘾者”)
2. addictive(形容词“使人上瘾的”)
4. bullying /ˈbʊliɪŋ/ n. 霸凌;仗势作恶
词性:名词(不可数)
词义:恃强凌弱的行为
近义词:harassment, intimidation
反义词:kindness, support
词性转换:bully (v./n.) 欺负/恶霸
常见搭配:
· stop bullying 制止霸凌
· cyberbullying 网络霸凌
例句:
Bullying in schools is a serious problem.
(校园霸凌是一个严重问题。)
练习:
1. The strong often ________ (bullying) the weak.
2. We should take a stand against ________ (bully).
答案与解析:
1. bully(动词“欺负”,第三人称复数 bullys? 应为 bully,主语是复数 The strong,动词用 bully。注意:第三人称单数为 bullies)
2. bullying(名词)
5. charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ n. 职责;责任
词性:名词(不可数)
词义:负责掌管某事
近义词:responsibility, duty
词性转换:charge (v.) 收费;充电;指控
常见搭配:
· in charge of 负责
· take charge of 接管
例句:
Who is in charge of this project?
(谁负责这个项目?)
练习:
1. The nurse is in ________ (charge) of the patient.
2. He ________ (charge) me $20 for the repair.
答案与解析:
1. charge(名词,in charge of)
2. charged(动词过去式“收费”)
6. awful /ˈɔːfl/ adj. 很坏的;极讨厌的
词性:形容词
词义:非常糟糕,令人不悦
近义词:terrible, horrible, dreadful
反义词:wonderful, great
词性转换:awfully (adv.) 非常;可怕地
常见搭配:
· awful weather 糟糕的天气
· an awful lot 非常多
例句:
The food at that restaurant was awful.
(那家餐馆的食物糟透了。)
练习:
1. I’m ________ (awful) sorry for being late.
2. What an ________ (awful) smell!
答案与解析:
1. awfully(副词修饰 sorry,意为“非常”)
2. awful(形容词修饰 smell)
7. focus /ˈfəʊkəs/ v. 集中(注意力)
词性:动词
词义:把注意力集中在某事物上
近义词:concentrate, center
反义词:distract
词性转换:focus (n.) 焦点;focused (adj.) 专注的
常见搭配:
· focus on 集中
· focus one’s attention 集中注意力
例句:
Please focus on your homework.
(请专心做作业。)
练习:
1. She needs to improve her ________ (focus).
2. The camera is out of ________ (focus).
答案与解析:
1. focus(名词“专注力”)
2. focus(名词“焦点”)
8. *affect /əˈfekt/ v. 影响(理解即可)
词性:动词
词义:对……产生影响
近义词:influence, impact
词性转换:effect (n.) 影响;affection (n.) 喜爱
常见搭配:
· affect one’s health 影响健康
· be affected by 受……影响
例句:
Smoking affects your lungs.
(吸烟影响肺部健康。)
练习:
1. The medicine had a positive ________ (affect) on him.
2. Her speech deeply ________ (affect) the audience.
答案与解析:
1. effect(名词,注意区别 affect 动词/effect 名词)
2. affected(动词过去式)
9. hate /heɪt/ v. 厌恶;讨厌
词性:动词
词义:强烈不喜欢
近义词:dislike, detest, loathe
反义词:like, love
词性转换:hateful (adj.) 可恨的;hatred (n.) 憎恨
常见搭配:
· hate doing/to do sth. 讨厌做某事
· hate it when... 讨厌……的情况
例句:
I hate getting up early on weekends.
(我讨厌周末早起。)
练习:
1. He looked at me with ________ (hate) in his eyes.
2. It was a ________ (hate) thing to say.
答案与解析:
1. hatred(名词“憎恨”)
2. hateful(形容词“可恨的”)
10. *embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 窘迫的;尴尬的(理解即可)
词性:形容词
词义:感到难为情、不自在
近义词:awkward, ashamed, uncomfortable
反义词:confident, comfortable
词性转换:embarrass (v.) 使尴尬;embarrassing (adj.) 令人尴尬的;embarrassment (n.) 尴尬
常见搭配:
· be embarrassed about 对……感到尴尬
· an embarrassed smile 尴尬的笑容
例句:
He was embarrassed when he fell down in public.
(他在公共场合摔倒时很尴尬。)
练习:
1. She felt great ________ (embarrass) at that moment.
2. The situation was very ________ (embarrass).
答案与解析:
1. embarrassment(名词)
2. embarrassing(形容词“令人尴尬的”)
11. mad /mæd/ adj. 很生气
词性:形容词
词义:非常愤怒(美式常用)
近义词:angry, furious
反义词:calm, pleased
词性转换:madly (adv.) 疯狂地;madness (n.) 疯狂
常见搭配:
· be mad at sb. 对某人生气
· drive sb. mad 使某人发狂
例句:
My mom was mad at me for breaking the vase.
(妈妈因为我打碎花瓶而生我的气。)
练习:
1. He drove ________ (mad) at the noise.
2. She ________ (mad) rushed out of the room.
答案与解析:
1. mad(drive sb. mad)
2. madly(副词修饰 rushed)
12. mess /mes/ v. 弄脏;弄乱 n. 混乱
词性:动词(及物)
词义:把整洁的东西搞得杂乱
近义词:dirty, disorder
反义词:clean, organize
词性转换:messy (adj.) 凌乱的
常见搭配:
· mess up 弄乱;搞糟
· make a mess 弄得一团糟
例句:
Don’t mess up my room.
(别把我的房间弄乱。)
练习:
1. The children ________ (mess) the kitchen floor with mud.
2. His handwriting is very ________ (mess).
答案与解析:
1. messed(动词过去式)
2. messy(形容词)
13. radio /ˈreɪdiəʊ/ n. 广播
词性:名词(可数/不可数)
词义:无线电广播或收音机
近义词:broadcast
词性转换:radio (v.) 用无线电发送
常见搭配:
· listen to the radio 听广播
· on the radio 在广播中
例句:
I heard the news on the radio.
(我从广播里听到了这个消息。)
练习:
1. He ________ (radio) for help after the crash.
2. There are many ________ (radio) stations in the city.
答案与解析:
1. radioed(动词过去式“用无线电发消息”)
2. radio(名词作定语,radio stations)
14. *ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/ adj. 惭愧;羞愧(理解即可)
词性:形容词
词义:因做错事而感到羞耻
近义词:embarrassed, guilty
反义词:proud, shameless
词性转换:shame (n.) 羞耻;shameful (adj.) 可耻的
常见搭配:
· be ashamed of 对……感到羞愧
· feel ashamed 感到惭愧
例句:
You should be ashamed of your behavior.
(你应该为自己的行为感到羞愧。)
练习:
1. He felt deep ________ (ashamed) for lying.
2. It’s ________ (shame) to waste food.
答案与解析:
1. shame(名词“羞耻”)
2. shameful(形容词“可耻的”)
15. respond /rɪˈspɒnd/ v. (口头或书面)回答
词性:动词
词义:对问题、请求等做出回应
近义词:reply, answer
反义词:ignore
词性转换:response (n.) 回答;responsive (adj.) 回应的
常见搭配:
· respond to sth. 对……回应
· respond quickly 迅速回应
例句:
He didn’t respond to my email.
(他没有回复我的邮件。)
练习:
1. Her ________ (respond) to the question was very clear.
2. The company ________ (response) to customer complaints within 24 hours.
答案与解析:
1. response(名词)
2. responds(动词第三人称单数,注意区分 response 名词)
16. *sympathy /ˈsɪmpəθi/ n. 同情(理解即可)
词性:名词(不可数)
词义:对他人不幸的理解和关心
近义词:compassion, pity
反义词:indifference
词性转换:sympathize (v.) 同情;sympathetic (adj.) 同情的
常见搭配:
· have sympathy for 对……同情
· express sympathy 表达同情
例句:
I have great sympathy for the victims.
(我非常同情受害者。)
练习:
1. She was ________ (sympathy) to my situation.
2. He ________ (sympathy) with the poor family.
答案与解析:
1. sympathetic(形容词)
2. sympathized(动词过去式)
17. section /ˈsekʃn/ n. 部分
词性:名词(可数)
词义:整体中的一个部分或段落
近义词:part, segment, division
反义词:whole
常见搭配:
· sports section 体育版
· a section of the population 人口的一部分
例句:
The book has a section on grammar.
(这本书有一个关于语法的部分。)
练习:
1. Please cut the cake into ________ (section).
2. This ________ (section) of the road is closed.
答案与解析:
1. sections(复数)
2. section(单数)
18. newspaper /ˈnjuːzpeɪpə(r)/ n. 报纸
词性:名词(可数)
词义:每日或每周出版的新闻刊物
近义词:paper, journal
常见搭配:
· read a newspaper 读报
· in the newspaper 在报纸上
例句:
My father reads the newspaper every morning.
(我父亲每天早上读报。)
练习:
1. I saw your photo in the ________ (newspaper).
2. He works for a local ________ (newspaper).
答案与解析:
1. newspaper
2. newspaper
19. operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ v. 运营;管理
词性:动词
词义:运作企业、机器或系统
近义词:run, manage, function
反义词:stop, fail
词性转换:operation (n.) 操作;operator (n.) 操作员
常见搭配:
· operate a business 经营企业
· operate a machine 操作机器
例句:
He operates a small restaurant.
(他经营一家小餐馆。)
练习:
1. The ________ (operate) of the new system is smooth.
2. She is a computer ________ (operate).
答案与解析:
1. operation(名词)
2. operator(名词“操作员”)
20. helpline /ˈhelplaɪn/ n. 服务热线
词性:名词(可数)
词义:提供咨询和帮助的电话服务
近义词:hotline
常见搭配:
· call the helpline 拨打热线
· 24-hour helpline 24小时热线
例句:
Students can call the helpline for advice.
(学生可以拨打热线寻求建议。)
练习:
1. The ________ (helpline) is available 24/7.
2. If you feel sad, call this ________ (help).
答案与解析:
1. helpline
2. helpline
21. click /klɪk/ n. (对鼠标的)点击
词性:名词(可数,常作动词使用)
词义:按鼠标键的动作
近义词:press
词性转换:click (v.) 点击
常见搭配:
· click on 点击
· double-click 双击
例句:
One click of the mouse, and you’re online.
(点击一下鼠标,你就上网了。)
练习:
1. ________ (click) the link to open the website.
2. With a single ________ (click), she sent the email.
答案与解析:
1. Click(动词祈使句)
2. click(名词)
短语部分
1. get addicted to 对……上瘾;沉溺于……
用法:动词短语,后接名词或动名词
例句:
Many kids get addicted to playing video games.
(许多孩子沉迷于玩电子游戏。)
练习:
1. He ________ (get addicted to) smoking when he was young.
2. Don’t let yourself ________ (上瘾) social media.
答案与解析:
1. got addicted to(一般过去时)
2. get addicted to
2. be in charge of 负责
用法:动词短语,表示主管或负责某事
例句:
Who is in charge of the class when the teacher is away?
(老师不在时谁负责班级?)
练习:
1. She ________ (be in charge of) the sales department.
2. I’ll ________ (负责) the food for the party.
答案与解析:
1. is in charge of
2. be in charge of
3. focus on 集中
用法:动词短语,后接名词或动名词
例句:
We should focus on solving the problem.
(我们应该集中精力解决问题。)
练习:
1. Please ________ (focus on) your studies.
2. The discussion ________ (focus on) environmental issues.
答案与解析:
1. focus on(祈使句)
2. focused on(一般过去时)
4. drive somebody mad 使某人发狂
用法:动词短语,使某人非常烦躁
例句:
The constant noise drives me mad.
(持续的噪音让我发狂。)
练习:
1. His habit of tapping the table ________ (drive) me mad.
2. The delay is ________ (drive) everyone mad.
答案与解析:
1. drives(一般现在时)
2. driving(现在进行时)
5. mess something up 弄脏;弄乱
用法:动词短语,使某物变乱或犯错
例句:
The kids messed up the living room.
(孩子们把客厅弄乱了。)
练习:
1. I’m sorry I ________ (mess up) your plan.
2. Don’t ________ (弄乱) my carefully arranged books.
答案与解析:
1. messed up(一般过去时)
2. mess up
6. hit it off with somebody 和某人投缘
用法:动词短语,初次见面就相处融洽
例句:
I met John at the party, and we hit it off immediately.
(我在聚会上遇到约翰,我们一见如故。)
练习:
1. They ________ (hit it off) from the first day.
2. I hope you ________ (和老师投缘) your new teacher.
答案与解析:
1. hit it off(一般过去时 hit it off)
2. hit it off with
7. fall out with somebody 与某人闹翻
用法:动词短语,与某人吵架而关系破裂
例句:
She fell out with her best friend over a small thing.
(她因为一件小事和最好的朋友闹翻了。)
练习:
1. They ________ (fall out) with each other last week.
2. I don’t want to ________ (闹翻) my parents.
答案与解析:
1. fell out(一般过去时)
2. fall out with
8. feel ashamed of 感到羞耻
用法:动词短语,后接名词或动名词
例句:
He felt ashamed of his rude behavior.
(他为自己的粗鲁行为感到羞耻。)
练习:
1. You should ________ (feel ashamed of) lying.
2. She ________ (feel ashamed of) her mistakes.
答案与解析:
1. feel ashamed of
2. felt ashamed of
9. advice column(报纸或杂志的)答问专栏
用法:名词短语
例句:
I read her advice column every week.
(我每周都读她的答问专栏。)
练习:
1. She writes an ________ (advice column) for teens.
2. The ________ (答问专栏) helps many people solve problems.
答案与解析:
1. advice column
2. advice column
10. agony aunt(报纸或杂志的)答问专栏作者
用法:名词短语,通常为女性
例句:
The agony aunt gave wise advice.
(答问专栏作者给出了明智的建议。)
练习:
1. The ________ (agony aunt) answered letters from readers.
2. Many people trust their local ________ (答问专栏作者).
答案与解析:
1. agony aunt
2. agony aunt
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