衔接点05 不定式（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点05 不定式 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段，主要学习动词不定式的基本用法，如作为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等，以及一些常见的不定式固定搭配。 高中阶段，学生需要掌握更复杂的语法结构，包括不定式作状语、复合结构中的使用，以及不定式的时态和语态变化。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中不定式考点聚焦】 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。有时可以省略to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。help sb.(to) do sth. make sb. do sth. 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。 宾语 —What sports does he like to play?他喜欢什么动？ —He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因） I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 考点1 动词不定式形式 1．The police told the children ________ football in the street. A．not play B．not to play C．not playing D．don’t play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：警察告诉孩子们不要在街上踢足球。 tell sb. not to do sth.“告诉某人不要做某事”，动词短语，此处应填not to play。 2．—Have you decided ________ for the summer camp? —Not yet. Maybe Shanghai or Hangzhou. A．when to go B．how to go C．where to go D．who to go 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你决定好夏令营要去哪里了吗?——还没有。也许是上海或者杭州。 when to go什么时候去；how to go怎么去；where to go去哪里；who to go和谁去。根据答语“Maybe Shanghai or Hangzhou.”可知，回答的是地点，推测出问句询问的是去哪里。应填where to go。 3．The teacher asked the students ________ loudly in the library. A．not to talk B．don’t talk C．not talking D．not talk 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师要求学生们不要在图书馆里大声说话。 ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”，其否定形式是在不定式符号to前加not，即ask sb not to do sth，此处应填not to talk。 4．My mother often tells me ________ too much time on computer games. A．not to spend B．to not spend C．don’t spend D．not spend 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我妈妈经常告诉我不要花费太多时间在电脑游戏上。 固定搭配tell sb. not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，不定式的否定词“not”需放在“to”之前。故选A。 5．The teacher asked us ________ late for school again. A．not be B．not to be C．don’t be D．to not be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师要求我们上学不要再迟到了。 考查非谓语动词。根据“asked us…late for school again”可知，此处是ask sb. not to do sth.“要求某人不要做某事”，故选B。 6．The teacher asked us _______ late for school again. A．don’t be B．not be C．not to be D．to not be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师要求我们不要再上学迟到了。 考查动词不定式的否定形式。don’t be不要，原形否定；not be无此结构；not to be不定式的否定形式；to not be语序错误。ask sb. to do sth. 表示“要求某人做某事”，其否定形式是在不定式前加not，即ask sb. not to do sth.。故选C。 7．Yesterday morning I got up early ________ be late for the exam. A．in order to B．in order to not C．so as to D．so as not to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天早上我起得很早，以免考试迟到。 考查不定式的否定形式。in order to为了；in order to not错误结构（否定词位置不当）；so as to为了；so as not to为了不。“早起”的目的是“不迟到”，需用否定形式的不定式短语，且“so as not to”为固定搭配，表示“为了不”。故选D。 8．Tom has a special way to make his parrot ________ us a song. A．to sing B．sing C．sings D．sang 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆有特殊的方法让他的鹦鹉给我们唱歌。 考查非谓语动词。根据“make his parrot…us a song”可知，此处是make sb/sth do sth“让某人/某物做某事”，空处用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。 9．This video teaches people ________ to protect themselves during an earthquake. A．what B．how C．who D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个视频教人们如何在地震中保护自己。 考查疑问词+不定式结构。what什么；how怎样；who谁；that引导宾语从句。teach sb. how to do sth.意为“教某人如何做某事”，符合句意。故选B。 10．Mum reminded me ________ late for the family dinner. A．not to be B．not being C．to not be D．being not 【答案】A 【详解】句意：妈妈提醒我家庭聚餐不要迟到。 考查非谓语动词。remind sb. not to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“提醒某人不要做某事”，因此空格处应填not to be。故选A。 考点2 动词不定式用法 11．It is necessary for us ________ enough sleep every night. A．get B．getting C．to get D．got 【答案】C 【详解】句意：对我们来说，每晚保证充足的睡眠是必要的。 本句是It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.结构，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”。其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。空格处应填入to get作真正主语。 12．It took the medical team two weeks ________ the right way to cure the patient. A．find out B．to find out C．finding out D．found out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这支医疗团队花了两周时间才找到治愈这位病人的正确方法。 考查动词不定式。“it takes/took sb. +时间+ to do sth.”这个固定句型，意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。只有B选项to find out是动词不定式，符合“it takes/took sb. +时间+ to do sth.” 结构。故选B。 13．Is it necessary for us ________ on clothes before buying them? A．try B．to try C．trying D．tried 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们买衣服之前有必要试穿一下它们吗？ 考查非谓语动词。根据“Is it necessary for us...on clothes”可知，此处是it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.“某人做某事是……的”，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故选B。 14．My parents have decided ________ me to Guizhou during the summer holidays. A．take B．taking C．took D．to take 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的父母已经决定在暑假期间带我去贵州。 此处是固定搭配decide to do sth.，意为“决定做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。 15．Finally, Jack managed ________ his broken bike by watching online instructional videos. A．repair B．to repair C．repairing D．repaired 【答案】B 【详解】句意：最终，杰克通过观看在线教学视频设法修好了他坏掉的自行车。 考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“设法做成某事”，因此空格处应填不定式to repair。故选B。 16．The exchange student never expected ________ such a warm welcome from his new classmates. A．receive B．receiving C．to receive D．received 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位交换生从未预料到会从他的新同学那里收到如此热烈的欢迎。 考查非谓语动词。receive收到（动词原形）；receiving收到（动名词/现在分词）；to receive收到（动词不定式）；received收到（过去式/过去分词）。expect to do sth.“预料做某事”，是固定搭配，C项符合。故选C。 17．A good way to improve memory is ________ information with pictures. A．to link B．links C．linked D．link 【答案】A 【详解】句意：提高记忆力的一个好方法是把信息和图片联系起来。 考查非谓语动词。本句主语为“A good way to improve memory”，其中to improve memory作后置定语修饰way，系动词is后需填动词不定式作表语，表示具体的方法。故选A。 18．The most important thing for a good detective to do is ________ the innocent. A．to protect B．protects C．protected D．protect 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一个好侦探要做的最重要的事情是保护无辜的人。 考查不定式作表语。to protect保护，动词不定式；protects保护，动词三单；protected保护，动词过去式；protect保护，动词原形。句子主语为“The most important thing”，表语需用不定式（to do）表示动作，强调“事情是什么”。故选A。 19．Marking the 100th anniversary of the Forbidden City, it is our duty ________ this powerful cultural landmark and China’s rich heritage. A．preserve B．to preserve C．preserving D．to preserving 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在紫禁城建成100周年之际，保护这一强大的文化地标和中国丰富的遗产是我们的责任。 考查非谓语动词。preserve动词原形；to preserve动词不定式；preserving动名词或现在分词；to preserving介词跟动名词。“It’s one’s duty to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是某人的责任”，duty后常接不定式作后置定语，表示责任的具体内容，此处需用不定式“to preserve”。故选B。 20．I’m very busy. I have an important meeting ________. A．attend B．to attend C．attending D．to attending 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我很忙。我有一个重要的会议要参加。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I’m very busy. I have an important meeting ...”可知是有会议要参加，不定式to attend修饰名词meeting，表示“要参加的”会议。故选B。 21．The government has started a new subsidy (补贴) program ________ people to replace their old cars with electric ones. A．encouraging B．encourage C．to encourage D．encouraged 【答案】C 【详解】句意：政府启动了一项新的补贴计划，鼓励人们将旧车更换为电动汽车。 根据“The government has started a new subsidy (补贴) program”可知，这里用动词不定式“to encourage”作目的状语，表示启动新补贴计划的目的是鼓励人们将旧车更换为电动汽车。 22．The government will make laws ________ single-use plastics across the country. A．reduce B．reducing C．to reduce D．reduced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：政府将制定法律来在全国范围内减少一次性塑料制品。 考查动词不定式。reduce减少，动词原形；reducing减少，现在分词/动名词；to reduce减少，动词不定式；reduced减少，过去分词/过去式。分析句子结构，主句谓语是“will make”，空格处需填入非谓语形式表示目的，即“制定法律”的目的是“减少一次性塑料制品”，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。 23．My friend asked me ________ two big suitcases to Africa for her. A．take B．to take C．taking D．took 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的朋友让我帮她把两个大行李箱带到非洲。 take带走（动词原形）；to take带走（动词不定式）；taking带走（动名词/现在分词）；took带走（动词过去式）。“ask sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“让某人做某事”，此处需用动词不定式to take。 24．Some students think that comics are easy ________. A．drawing B．to draw C．draws D．drew 【答案】B 【详解】句意:一些学生认为漫画很容易画。 本题考查动词不定式用法。在be + 形容词+ to do结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，此时，句子的主语实际上是动词不定式的宾语；根据题意，在that引导的宾语从句中，“comics"与"draw"是被动关系，应用动词不定式表示被动意义；故选B。 25．The charity organization has made a promise ________ 5 million trees in this area by 2025. A．plant B．to plant C．planting D．planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个慈善机构已经承诺2025年之前在这片区域种植500万棵树。 考查非谓语动词。make a promise to do sth.“承诺做某事”，应用动词不定式，故选B。 【高中不定式考点聚焦】 课标解读 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。动词不定式有及物和不及物之分，有时态和语态的变化。理解不定式的时态和语态变化，如一般式、进行式、完成式等。掌握一些特殊句型中不定式的使用，如It's time to do sth., would rather do sth.等。 考点清单 一.不定式构成形式 不定式的形式有六种（以动词give为例）： 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to+动词原形 （to give） to be+过去分词 （to be given） 完成式 to have+过去分词 （to have given） to have been+过去分词 （to have been given） 进行式 to be+现在分词 （to be giving） — 完成进行式 to have been+现在分词 （to have been giving） — 二.不定式的用法 1. 作主语 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面，这样可以避免句子“头重脚轻”，是句子结构平衡。 e.g. It is dangerous to play with fire. (=To play with fire is dangerous.) 我们可以得出这样的一个句型：It is +adj.+to do sth. 另外，“Wh-+不定式”也可以作主语。 e.g. When to leave hasn’t been decided yet. 总结不定式作主语典型用法 要点精讲 1.不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为) 。 2.不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。 3.常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth.等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. It took years of work _____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 2. It’s important for the figures _____________(update) regularly. 3. When and where to start the programs ____________(remain) unknown. 4. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take __________ (get)there. 【答案与解析】 1. to reduce。It takes sb. time to do sth.是常用句型，不定式短语作真正主语。故答案是to reduce。 2. to be updated。定期更新数据很重要，数据是被更新的，故答案是to be updated。 3. remains。wh-to do短语作主语，谓语用单数。故答案是remains。 4. to get。这是It takes sb time to do sth.句型，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故答案是to get。 2. 作宾语 He decided to invite all of his classmates to attend the holiday at the beach. 他决定邀请他所有的同学到海滨度假。 He promised not to tell anyone about it.他答应不把这件事情告诉任何人。 (1)..以下动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语： ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fall, help, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等。如：He refused to lend me his bicycle. (2).下列动词后接不定式或-ing形式作宾语均可，意思相差甚微。 begin, start, like, love, continue, prefer, hate等。如： I like watching TV, but I don’t like to watch TV this evening. 注意：like doing表示习惯性动作，like to do表示具体动作。 (3).在及物动词tell, advise, show, teach, learn, know, decide等词之后，常接“疑问词(how, what, whether, where, when, who等)+不定式”构成的不定式短语作宾语。如： He showed us how to do the work. (=He showed us how we should do the work.) I don’t know what to do. (=I don’t know what I should do.) We must decide whether to go or not. The enemy had no choice but to give in. 总结不定式作宾语两种典型用法 要点精讲1：只接to do作宾语的动词:妙记--mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的 manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail, intend, plan/pretend/promise, seem, decide/desire/determine 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words. 2. She never seemed ________(care) what the rest of us thought about her. 3. One study in America found that students' grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want __________ (wear) the uniform. 【答案与解析】 1. to grasp。fail to do未能做某事。故答案是to grasp。 2. to care。seem to do好像做某事。故答案是to care。 3. to wear。want to do sth表示“想做某事”。故答案是to wear。 要点精讲2：接to do/doing意义不同的动词：妙记--frogshmt青蛙聪明 forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can’t help, mean, try。该考点非常重要，必须重视。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again. 2. --Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it. 3. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 4. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _________(live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. 【答案与解析】 1. getting。这里应用mean doing表示“意味着”。故答案是getting。 2. to close。这里应用forget to do表示“忘记做某事”，强调未做，故答案是to close。 3. to lock。remember to do表示“记住去做某事”，和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是to lock。 4. living。try doing强调“尝试着做了某事”，符合语境要求，故答案是living。 3. 作表语 1.不定式作表语时常见的动词 不定式作表语时，一般紧紧跟在系动词后面，如be，seem，remain，appear，get等，用来说明主语的内容。 A use of the computer network is to send e-mails.计算机网络的一种作用是发送电子邮件。 Mary doesn’t seem to like the idea.玛丽似乎不喜欢这个主意。 2.不定式作表语时常见的主语 当dream，business，wish，idea，plan，job，work，task，duty等作主语时，及what sb. wants to do等作主语时，常用不定式作表语。 My wish is to be a doctor.我的愿望是成为一名医生。 What Joe wants to do seems to tell you something.乔想要做的似乎就是要告诉你一些事情。 总结不定式作表语典型用法 要点精讲：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。 If you are wrong, the least thing you can do is (to) apologize. 如果你做错了，你可以做的至少是道歉。 The only thing that he can do now is (to) abandon the plan. 现在他唯一能做的事情是放弃这个计划。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____(see) whether they will enjoy it. 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____________(not, make) it more difficult. 【答案与解析】 1. to be seen。It remains to be seen whether….是固定句型，表示“是否……有待观察”，故答案是to be seen。 2. not to make。这里不定式短语作表语，但是为了对比，不定式to不能省略，故答案是not to make。 4. 作定语 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面要由相应的介词。如： The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time或place或way时，不定式后面的介词可以省略。如： He had no place to live. (1)..不定式表将来 The car to be bought is for his sister. (2).用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，而且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。如： He is the best man to do this job. The last one to arrive pays the meal 要点精要点精讲： 1.不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。 2.不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。 3.若不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。 总结不定式作定语典型用法 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The meeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrow is very important. 2. The airport _____________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 3. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one (blame). 4. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________ (change) lives. 1. being; held; to be held。现在分词作定语，表示一个正在进行的动作；过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已发生动作。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作。故答案是being; held; to be held。 2. to be completed。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作；结合语境应用被动形式，故答案是to be completed。 3. to blame。(be) to blame表示“该受到责备”，主动形式表示被动意义，故答案是to blame。 4. to change。结合语境应用单词不定式作定语。故答案是to change。 5. 作状语 不定式作状语时，常见的有目的状语、结果状语、原因状语。 (1).目的状语 不定式作目的状语的情况比较多，如果强调目的性，不定式前还可以加in order to或so as to，构成in order to do 或so as to do结构。in order to do结构作目的状语时，可以放在句首或句中。而so as to do结构只能放在句中。 e.g. He went to Beijing to/in order to/so as to see his friends. Bob took down my telephone number so as not to/in order not to forget it. (2).结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so...as to; such...as to; too...to; only to do, ...enough to等。 e.g. I’m not so stupid as to write it down. Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left. I’m too tired to stay up longer. (3).原因状语 形容词作表语时，后面可以接不定式作原因状语，用来说明产生某种情绪的原因。可以用于这类结构的常见形容词有：happy, surprised, ready, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, delighted, pleased等。 e.g. You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. (4).条件状语 动词不定式有时也可以表示条件，一般置于句首，否定不定式表示条件多置于句尾，这时谓语动词常含有will, shall, should, would, can, must等。 To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world. 总结不定式作状语三种典型用法 要点精讲1：不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners. 2. _______(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents. 3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there (train) for a space flight. 4.The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection _________ (promote) economic growth. 【答案与解析】 1. to save。it can是定语从句that it can do的省略，故应用不定式作目的状语，故答案是to save。 2. To be accepted。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是To be accepted。 3. to be trained。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是to be trained。 4. to promote。不定式作目的状语，故答案是to promote。 要点精讲2：不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He hurried to the station, only ____________(inform/find/tell) that the train had left. 2. Would you be so kind as_____________ (carry) the luggage for me? 3. Now I’m brave enough ____________(stand) up and answer the question. 【答案与解析】 1. to be informed/to find/to be told。only to do常表示出乎预料的结果，本句含有被动意义,故答案是to be informed/to find/to be told。 2. to carry。so…as to do引导不定式作结果状语，故答案是to carry。 3. to stand。…enough to do是不定式短语作结果状语，故答案是to stand。 要点精讲3：不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe). 2.Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________ (perform) consistently over a large area. 【答案与解析】 1. to breathe。不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是to breathe。 2. to perform。本句是形容词短语作宾语补足语，暗含be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，故答案是to perform。 6. 作补语 补语可以分成宾补和主补。用来补充说明宾语或主语的状态。 1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 带to的不定式作补语：advidse, allow, ask, beg, encourage, forbid, force, get, order, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, wish, 等。 The doctor advised me to stop smoking.医生建议我戒烟。 Their boss forced them to work overtime.老板强迫他们加班。 2.不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 不定式在某些感官动词，如feel，hear，listen to，watch，look at，notice，observe等，以及使役动词let，have，make等后作宾语补足语时，要省去to，但在被动语态中to不可省去。 They made the workers work day and night. →The workers were made to work day and night.（在被动语态中，省去的to必须加上。） Let me hear you play the piano!让我听听你弹钢琴吧！ 注意：在动词help后，to可以省略，也可以不省略。 I will help him (to) clean the room.我将要帮他打扫这间屋子。 3.不定式作主语补足语 The room was said to have been cleaned.据说这个房间已被打扫过了。 （划线的部分分别为不定式的逻辑主语、被动语态、主语补足语） He was told to be quiet.（被动语态） （划线的部分分别为不定式的逻辑主语、被动语态、主语补足语） →The teacher told him to be quiet.他被（老师）告知要保持安静。 （to be quiet为不定式作宾语补足语） 总结不定式作宾语补足语四种典型用法 要点精讲1：see类动词(不定式作宾补省to，但在被动语态中to应加上): 巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉 notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. With the world changing fast, we have something new (deal) with by ourselves every day. 2. He was observed ________________(enter) the office silently. 3. When I came in I saw him ______________(listen) to music. 【答案与解析】 1. to deal。本句不是have sb do sth句式，而是have sth to do 表示“有某事要做”，不定式短语作定语，故答案是to deal。 2. to enter。observe sb do sth是固定句型，省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中to应加上。故答案是to enter。 3. listening。结合语境这里应用see sb doing sth…表示“看见某人正在做某事”。故答案是listening。 要点精讲2：warn类动词(只接to do后作宾补) warn, tell, ask, persuade, expect等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 2. Energy drinks are not allowed ____________(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 3. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________(stay)and watch. 4. They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 5. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected____________(increase) to 42 by 2050. 【答案与解析】 1. to carry。permit sb to do sth允许某人做事，故答案是to carry。 2. to be made。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事，故答案是to be made。 3. to stay。本句考查allow sb to do sth表示“允许某人做某事”。故答案是to stay。 4. to process。本题考查require sb to do sth表示“要求某人做某事”。故答案是to process。 5. to increase。本题考查expect sb to do sth表示“期待某人做某事”，故答案是to increase。 要点精讲3：be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that…。不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 2. Police are searching for a woman who is reported to _____________(miss) since the flood hit the area. 【答案与解析】 1. to have studied。be said to do表示“据说做某事”；what country he studied in暗示该动作已结束，故答案是to have studied。 2. have been missing。since the flood hit the area暗示应用不定式完成式；结合语境又是一种“失踪”状态，故答案是have been missing。 三、.不定式的时态和语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing × 完成进行式 to have been doing × 1.一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。 They made plans to live in Paris. 他们计划住在巴黎。（to live 发生在 made plans之后） 2. “to be done”表示将来，常作定语。而且不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。 The school building to be finished is for our teacher. 要被建造的大楼是给我们老师使用的。 The doctor recommended the room to be aired. 医生建议让房间透透气。 3. “to have done”表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，而且和主语（通常指人）是主动关系。 He is said to have finished this novel. 据说他写完了这部小说。 4. “to have been done”从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，而且和主语（通常指物，也可以指人）是被动关系。 This building is said to have been built. 据说这个建筑被竣工了。 She is happy to have been admitted to a famous university. 她被一所著名大学录取了，很开心。 5.“to be doing”表示两个动作同时发生，不太强调先后顺序。 When I came in, Mr. Li happened to be talking with others. 当我进来的时候，Mr. Li碰巧和别人聊天呢。 6. “to have been doing”表示表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而且一直进行着。 I am happy to have been working here. 我很开心在这里工作。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The boy pretended _____________(read) the book when the teacher came in. 2. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ___________(hear). 3. He got up early this morning so as _____________(miss)the early train. 4. The engine just won't start. Something seems __________(go) wrong with it. 【答案与解析】 1. to be reading。pretend to be doing假装正在做某事。故答案是to be reading。 2. to be heard。struggle to do努力做某事。故答案是to be heard。 3. not to miss。so as not to do sth为了不做某事。故答案是not to miss。 4. to have gone。结合语境该动作已发生，故答案是to have gone。 一、单句语法填空 1．She is often heard (sing) an English song in the classroom. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to sing 【详解】句意：她经常被听到在教室里唱英文歌。hear sb. do sth.的被动形式为sb. be heard to do sth.，意为“某人被听到做某事”，主动语态中省略的to在被动语态中需还原，本空用不定式to sing，作主语补足语。 2．Kevin learned an important lesson that day: always verify the facts before taking action, but never hesitate (help) those in need. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：凯文那天学到了一个重要教训：在采取行动之前，务必核实事实，但绝不能犹豫帮助有需要的人。此处为短语hesitate to do sth.表示“犹豫做某事”。 3．And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised (find) that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to find 【详解】句意：如果你仔细研究节日，你可能会惊讶地发现，不同的文化实际上终究有很多共同之处。此处为固定搭配be surprised to do sth.，表示“做某事感到惊讶”，空处需用动词不定式作原因状语。 4．Her ability to speak five languages fluently never fails (astonish) everyone she meets. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to astonish 【详解】句意：她能流利讲五种语言，总能让身边所有人为之惊叹。分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配fail to do sth“未能做某事”，never fail to do“总能、必定做某事”，故填不定式形式作宾语。 5．I’m honored (have) my voice heard to make a difference in the lives of those little birds that share our city. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to have 【详解】句意：能让我的声音被听见，从而改变那些与我们同住一座城市的小鸟的命运，我倍感荣幸。be honored to do sth.“有幸做某事”是固定搭配，不定式作原因状语。 6．It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years (overcome). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to overcome 【详解】句意：这确实扰乱了我与食物的关系——这件事花了我好几年才克服。“sth. take sb. + 时间 + to do” 是固定句型，表示“花费某人多长时间做某事”，用不定式to overcome。 7．David threatened (report) his neighbour to the police if the damage was not paid. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to report 【详解】句意：David威胁说，如果损失得不到赔偿，他就要向警方举报他的邻居。根据“threatened”可知，此处考查固定搭配threaten to do sth.(威胁要做某事)，动词不定式作宾语。 8．Now, when having trouble in learning English well, plenty of students urge know how to deal with it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】to 【详解】句意：如今，当学生们在英语学习上遇到困难时，许多人都迫切希望知道该如何解决这些问题。根据urge to do something表示“迫切想要做某事”用法可知，应填不定式符号to。 9．She desires (become) a doctor to help those in need. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to become 【详解】句意：她渴望成为一名医生来帮助那些有需要的人。desire to do sth.，意为“渴望做某事”，空处使用动词不定式形式作宾语。 10．Governors of Sichuan Province are preparing an application (include) Sanxingdui Ruins on the World Cultural Heritage List. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to include 【详解】句意：四川省政府官员正在准备将三星堆遗址列入世界文化遗产名录的申请。根据“application”可知，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词application，application to do sth表示“做某事的申请”。 11．In a desperate attempt (escape) the mounting pressure, I falsely confessed (承认) . (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to escape 【详解】句意：为了不顾一切地逃避与日俱增的压力，我做了虚假的招供。in an attempt to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“试图做某事，为了做某事”。 12．I was once ashamed (admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling because I can face it bravely. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to admit 【详解】句意：我曾经羞于承认自己的弱点，但现在我没有这种感觉了，因为我可以勇敢地面对它。 be ashamed to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“羞于做某事”，用不定式to admit作原因状语。 13．One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is (make) hydrocarbons from recycled air. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：飞机可持续燃料的一项长期方案是利用循环空气制取碳氢化合物。空处作表语，解释主语option的具体内容，用不定式。 14．A few months ago, the 30-year-old teacher decided it was time (put) her hobby to good use. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to put 【详解】句意：几个月前，这位30岁的老师决定是时候将她的爱好好好利用起来了。“it was time to do…”是固定句型，意为“是时候做……”，其中to为不定式符号，后接动词原形。 15． (speed) up the process, please make sure the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】To speed 【详解】句意：为加快流程，请确保你通过 ILL申请表提交的信息准确无误。设空处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式to speed，句首单词首字母大写。 16．The heavy rain is likely (cause) floods in low-lying areas. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to cause 【详解】句意：大雨很可能在低洼地区引发洪水。结合句意，be likely to do sth为固定搭配，意为“很可能做某事”，不定式作表语。 17．Peter happened (pass) by when they spoke ill of him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be passing 【详解】句意：他们背地里说彼得坏话时，他恰巧正路过。此处为固定句型happen to do sth.，表示“碰巧做某事”，结合“when they spoke ill of him”可知，此处表示动作正在进行，所以此处使用不定式的进行式，即to be passing。 18．She felt it necessary (apologize) for her rude attitude yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to apologize 【详解】句意：她认为有必要为自己昨天粗鲁的态度道歉。“feel it + adj. + to do sth.”为固定结构，意为“觉得/认为做某事是……的”，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。 19．Brian, an experienced sailor, knew they needed to find a safe place (escape) the storm immediately to stay safe. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to escape 【详解】句意：经验丰富的水手布莱恩知道，他们必须立刻找一处安全之地躲避暴风雨以保全自身。分析句子可知，此处为固定结构：a place to do sth “做某事的地方”，此处用不定式作后置定语，修饰place，表目的：躲避暴风雨的安全之地。 20．She struggled for 10 years (achieve) success as an author. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to achieve 【详解】句意：她奋斗了十年，才作为作家取得成功。“(achieve) success as an author”是她奋斗十年的目的，用不定式to achieve作目的状语。 二、完成句子 21．To ________________________, you should exercise at least three times a week. (keep healthy)   为了保持健康，你应该每周至少锻炼三次。 【答案】keep healthy 【详解】“保持健康”用动词短语keep healthy，此处为不定式作目的状语，keep用原形。 22．We all have a role to play to ________________ (保护环境). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】protect the environment 【详解】句意：我们每个人都有责任来保护环境。根据汉语提示可知短语为protect the environment，不定式to后用动词原形。 23．Governments need to ________________ (采取措施) to reduce carbon emissions and slow climate change. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】take measures 【详解】句意：政府需要采取措施以减少碳排放并减缓气候变化。根据汉语提示“采取措施”可知，本空用动词短语take measures，位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形。 24．1931年，亚当斯成为第一名获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。 (the first...to do sth. ) In 1931, Addams became the first American woman ________________. 【答案】to win the Nobel Peace Prize 【详解】根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“获得诺贝尔和平奖的”；“获得诺贝尔和平奖”翻译为动宾短语win the Nobel Peace Prize，在句中作后置定语修饰名词短语“the first American woman”，名词前有序数词修饰时，用不定式作后置定语。 25．“be+形容词+to do”结构     The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are ________________ (容易学和背诵). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】easy to learn and recite 【详解】句意：这些诗歌或许并不合乎逻辑，甚至显得有些自相矛盾，但它们却易于学习和背诵。表示“某物容易做”用固定句型“be+形容词+to do”，“容易”用形容词easy；“学”用动词learn，表示“背诵”用动词recite。 26．To succeed, you must be willing to __________ (面对挑战) instead of avoiding them. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】face challenges 【详解】句意：为了成功，你必须愿意面对挑战而不是回避它们。be willing to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“愿意做某事”，所以此处需填动词原形；face意为“面对”，challenges意为“挑战” 。“面对挑战”为face challenges。 27．seem to do sth. 似乎做某事     In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always________ (似乎找到一个方法) to win. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】seemed to find a way 【详解】句意：在比赛的最后几秒，乔丹似乎总能找到获胜的方法。似乎做某事常用seem to do sth.，由语境可知事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时，seem的过去式为seemed，“找到一个方法”为find a way。 28．School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way ____________ (学习) and grow. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】to learn 【详解】句意：学校可以通过给孩子们一种学习和成长的方式，让这些梦想永存。根据汉语提示“学习”可知，用动词learn，a way to do sth.表示“做某事的一种方式”，本空用动词不定式to learn，作后置定语，修饰名词way。 29．I __________ (志愿做) a tutor for children from poor families. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】volunteer to be 【详解】句意：我志愿为贫困家庭的孩子担任家教。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词短语volunteer to do sth.“志愿做某事”，符合语境，本句后接身份名词 a tutor（家教），因此用 volunteer to be + 身份，表示“志愿担任某一角色/职位”。句中无明确过去时间标志，只是陈述个人日常行为、长期意愿，用一般现在时；主语为第一人称 I，谓语动词使用原形volunteer。 30．Many people work two jobs to __________ (谋生) and support their families. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】make a living 【详解】句意：许多人打两份工来谋生、养家糊口。根据汉语提示“谋生”，使用固定短语make a living，不定式符号to后接动词原形。 一、语篇填空（不定式专练） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is important for teenagers 　1　(have) dreams. My dream is 　2　(become) a volunteer doctor in the future. I always try my best 　3　(study) medicine-related knowledge after school. I decide 　4　(do) more volunteer work to help others. Last term, I joined a club 　5　(learn) how to care for the old. My parents expect me 　6　(be) a kind and helpful person. They encourage me 　7　(keep) trying. I know I can’t wait 　8　(take) action every day. It’s my duty 　9　(help) people in need. I believe I am able 　10　(realize) my dream one day. 【导读】本文讲述青少年坚持梦想、立志成为志愿医生的故事，全面考查不定式核心用法：作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及固定搭配。 1. to have　考查固定句型：It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.（对某人来说做某事……），it 作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。 2. to become　考查不定式作表语：系动词 be 后用不定式，说明主语 dream 的具体内容。 3. to study　考查固定搭配：try one’s best to do sth.（尽某人最大努力做某事），用不定式作宾语。 4. to do　考查固定搭配：decide to do sth.（决定做某事），动词 decide 后接不定式作宾语。 5. to learn　考查不定式作目的状语：加入俱乐部 “为了学习” 照顾老人，表目的用 to do。 6. to be　考查固定搭配：expect sb. to do sth.（期望某人做某事），不定式作宾语补足语。 7. to keep　考查固定搭配：encourage sb. to do sth.（鼓励某人做某事），不定式作宾语补足语。 8. to take　考查固定搭配：can’t wait to do sth.（迫不及待做某事），为高一高频短语。 9. to help　考查固定句型：It’s one’s duty to do sth.（做某事是某人的责任），it 作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。 10. to realize　考查固定搭配：be able to do sth.（能够做某事），为基础高频不定式结构。 二、阅读理解 A Notice of 2025 China International Youth Innovation & Culture Exchange Week Organized by the China Youth Development Foundation and supported by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the 2025 China International Youth Innovation & Culture Exchange Week is scheduled to be held in Hangzhou from November 15 to 21, 2025. This event aims to build a global platform for young people aged 16-25 to exchange cultural insights, showcase innovative projects, and build cross-border friendships. Event Arrangements ● Opening Ceremony & Keynote Forum (Nov 15): The opening ceremony will feature speeches by renowned cultural scholars and young innovators from 12 countries. The forum will focus on the theme “Youth Power in Cultural Inheritance and Global Communication”, with live streaming available on our official website. ● Cultural Experience Workshops (Nov 16-18): We offer 15 themed workshops, including Chinese calligraphy, silk weaving, traditional paper-cutting, and global folk music exchange. Each workshop is limited to 30 participants, and free pre-registration is required via our official WeChat mini-program. ● Global Youth Innovation Competition (Nov 19-20): The competition welcomes innovative projects related to cultural inheritance, low-carbon development, and public welfare. The top 3 projects will be awarded a total prize pool of 200,000 yuan, along with incubation support from Chinese tech enterprises. ● Closing Ceremony & Cultural Gala (Nov 21): The closing ceremony will end with a gala featuring traditional and modern performances from participating countries. All registered participants are welcome to attend for free. Registration Notes All participants must complete online registration before November 1, 2025. For overseas participants, we provide free accommodation during the event. For more details, please visit https://www.cycweek2025.com. 1．What is the main purpose of the 2025 Exchange Week? A．To promote Hangzhou’s tourism resources to global youth. B．To offer a platform for youth cultural exchange and innovation. C．To award young innovators for their environmental protection efforts. D．To provide free cultural courses for overseas students in China. 2．Which activity requires pre-registration through the WeChat mini-program? A．The opening ceremony keynote forum. B．The cultural experience workshops. C．The global youth innovation competition. D．The closing ceremony cultural gala. 3．What benefit can overseas participants get from the event? A．Free accommodation during the event. B．A guaranteed award in the innovation competition. C．Free round-trip air tickets to Hangzhou. D．Long-term incubation support from tech enterprises. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了2025年中国国际青年创新文化交流周的安排与参与方式。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This event aims to build a global platform for young people aged 16-25 to exchange cultural insights, showcase innovative projects, and build cross-border friendships.(本次活动旨在为16至25岁的年轻人搭建一个全球平台，以交流文化见解、展示创新项目并建立跨国友谊)”可知，该活动的主要目的是为青年提供文化交流与创新展示的平台。 2．细节理解题。根据Cultural Experience Workshops (Nov 16-18)部分中“Each workshop is limited to 30 participants, and free pre-registration is required via our official WeChat mini-program.(每个工作坊限30人参加，需通过我们的官方微信小程序免费预注册)”可知，文化体验工作坊需要通过微信小程序预先注册。 3．细节理解题。根据Registration Notes部分中“For overseas participants, we provide free accommodation during the event.(对于海外参与者，我们在活动期间提供免费住宿)”可知，海外参与者可以获得免费住宿的福利。 B The Amazon in the heart of South America and the Atlantic rainforests on the east coast of the continent are separated by hundreds of miles of dry forest and savanna (稀树草原) that are too difficult for most rainforest trees to survive. Despite this gap, the two ecosystems share many different species of tree. It was previously supposed that the trees bridged this gap during historical periods when the region was much wetter and more forgiving to passing trees. Off the back of new research, a new theory has sprung up: The forests of the Atlantic rainforest are constantly occupied by trees from the Amazon. They do this by growing and spreading along the river, which acts like a hidden “highway” between the two separated ecosystems. “Rather than tree species being exchanged during specific wetter periods in the past, we found that they have dispersed consistently over time,” Dr James Nicholls, lead study author, said in a statement. “This probably happens slowly, by generations of trees growing along the ‘highways’ provided by rivers that run through Brazil’s dry ecosystems,” added Dr Nicholls. The researchers came to this conclusion by studying the genetics of 164 species of Inga tree, which are common in Latin American rainforests. Their DNA was used to reconstruct the “family tree” of the plants showing the team when each species split from its numerous ancestors and their pattern of movement across the continent. Researchers identified 16 to 20 instances of species migrating from the Amazon to the Atlantic Forest and successfully taking root. The study highlights how the natural world does not respect the national borders set by homo sapiens (智人). These ecosystems are deeply connected, frequently spreading between countries with regardless of border checks and passports. This view, the team says, could have huge importance for the conservation of the rainforests in South America and the rest of the world. 4．What can we learn from the old theory of tree migration? A．It depended on genetic data. B．It stressed slow river spread. C．It proved species connection. D．It assumed wetter past periods. 5．How do trees from the Amazon reach the Atlantic rainforest according to the new theory? A．By using wind movement. B．By getting human assistance. C．By following river highways. D．By relying on animal migration. 6．What does the underlined word “dispersed” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Spread. B．Increased. C．Reduced. D．Disappeared. 7．What does the study suggest people do for rainforest conservation? A．Focus only on the Amazon. B．Cooperate across countries. C．Protect each forest separately. D．Ignore national borders entirely. 【答案】4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了研究揭示亚马逊雨林树种沿河持续扩散至大西洋沿岸雨林。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第二段“It was previously supposed that the trees bridged this gap during historical periods when the region was much wetter and more forgiving to passing trees.(以往人们认为树木是在该地区更湿润的历史时期跨越这片阻隔地带的。)”可知，旧理论认为树木迁徙依托过去更湿润的气候环境。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They do this by growing and spreading along the river, which acts like a hidden “highway” between the two separated ecosystems.(它们沿着河流生长扩散，河流如同两大独立生态系统间隐秘的“高速通道”。)”可知，亚马逊树木顺着河道迁徙至大西洋雨林。 6．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Rather than tree species being exchanged during specific wetter periods in the past, we found that they have dispersed consistently over time,” Dr James Nicholls, lead study author, said in a statement. “This probably happens slowly, by generations of trees growing along the ‘highways’ provided by rivers that run through Brazil’s dry ecosystems,” added Dr Nicholls.(该研究的主要作者詹姆斯·尼科尔斯博士在一份声明中指出：“我们发现，树种并非在过去特定的湿润时期才进行交流，而是随着时间的推移持续不断地dispersed。”尼科尔斯博士补充道：“这一过程可能十分缓慢，是一代代树木沿着贯穿巴西干旱生态系统的河流所提供的‘高速公路’逐渐生长蔓延的结果。”)”可知，树种并非在过去特定的湿润时期才进行交流，而是随着时间的推移持续不断地扩散，spread意为“扩散，传播”。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study highlights how the natural world does not respect the national borders set by homo sapiens (智人). These ecosystems are deeply connected, frequently spreading between countries with regardless of border checks and passports. This view, the team says, could have huge importance for the conservation of the rainforests in South America and the rest of the world.(这项研究强调了自然界并不尊重智人所设定的国界。这些生态系统紧密相连，经常跨越国界传播，完全无视边境检查和护照。研究团队表示，这一观点可能对南美洲乃至全世界雨林的保护工作具有重大意义。)”可知，雨林生态跨国相连，保护雨林需要各国跨界合作。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点05 不定式 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段，主要学习动词不定式的基本用法，如作为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等，以及一些常见的不定式固定搭配。 高中阶段，学生需要掌握更复杂的语法结构，包括不定式作状语、复合结构中的使用，以及不定式的时态和语态变化。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中不定式考点聚焦】 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。有时可以省略to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。help sb.(to) do sth. make sb. do sth. 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。 宾语 —What sports does he like to play?他喜欢什么动？ —He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因） I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 考点1 动词不定式形式 1．The police told the children ________ football in the street. A．not play B．not to play C．not playing D．don’t play 2．—Have you decided ________ for the summer camp? —Not yet. Maybe Shanghai or Hangzhou. A．when to go B．how to go C．where to go D．who to go 3．The teacher asked the students ________ loudly in the library. A．not to talk B．don’t talk C．not talking D．not talk 4．My mother often tells me ________ too much time on computer games. A．not to spend B．to not spend C．don’t spend D．not spend 5．The teacher asked us ________ late for school again. A．not be B．not to be C．don’t be D．to not be 6．The teacher asked us _______ late for school again. A．don’t be B．not be C．not to be D．to not be 7．Yesterday morning I got up early ________ be late for the exam. A．in order to B．in order to not C．so as to D．so as not to 8．Tom has a special way to make his parrot ________ us a song. A．to sing B．sing C．sings D．sang 9．This video teaches people ________ to protect themselves during an earthquake. A．what B．how C．who D．that 10．Mum reminded me ________ late for the family dinner. A．not to be B．not being C．to not be D．being not 考点2 动词不定式用法 11．It is necessary for us ________ enough sleep every night. A．get B．getting C．to get D．got 12．It took the medical team two weeks ________ the right way to cure the patient. A．find out B．to find out C．finding out D．found out 13．Is it necessary for us ________ on clothes before buying them? A．try B．to try C．trying D．tried 14．My parents have decided ________ me to Guizhou during the summer holidays. A．take B．taking C．took D．to take 15．Finally, Jack managed ________ his broken bike by watching online instructional videos. A．repair B．to repair C．repairing D．repaired 16．The exchange student never expected ________ such a warm welcome from his new classmates. A．receive B．receiving C．to receive D．received 17．A good way to improve memory is ________ information with pictures. A．to link B．links C．linked D．link 18．The most important thing for a good detective to do is ________ the innocent. A．to protect B．protects C．protected D．protect 19．Marking the 100th anniversary of the Forbidden City, it is our duty ________ this powerful cultural landmark and China’s rich heritage. A．preserve B．to preserve C．preserving D．to preserving 20．I’m very busy. I have an important meeting ________. A．attend B．to attend C．attending D．to attending 21．The government has started a new subsidy (补贴) program ________ people to replace their old cars with electric ones. A．encouraging B．encourage C．to encourage D．encouraged 22．The government will make laws ________ single-use plastics across the country. A．reduce B．reducing C．to reduce D．reduced 23．My friend asked me ________ two big suitcases to Africa for her. A．take B．to take C．taking D．took 24．Some students think that comics are easy ________. A．drawing B．to draw C．draws D．drew 25．The charity organization has made a promise ________ 5 million trees in this area by 2025. A．plant B．to plant C．planting D．planted 【高中不定式考点聚焦】 课标解读 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。动词不定式有及物和不及物之分，有时态和语态的变化。理解不定式的时态和语态变化，如一般式、进行式、完成式等。掌握一些特殊句型中不定式的使用，如It's time to do sth., would rather do sth.等。 考点清单 一.不定式构成形式 不定式的形式有六种（以动词give为例）： 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to+动词原形 （to give） to be+过去分词 （to be given） 完成式 to have+过去分词 （to have given） to have been+过去分词 （to have been given） 进行式 to be+现在分词 （to be giving） — 完成进行式 to have been+现在分词 （to have been giving） — 二.不定式的用法 1. 作主语 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面，这样可以避免句子“头重脚轻”，是句子结构平衡。 e.g. It is dangerous to play with fire. (=To play with fire is dangerous.) 我们可以得出这样的一个句型：It is +adj.+to do sth. 另外，“Wh-+不定式”也可以作主语。 e.g. When to leave hasn’t been decided yet. 总结不定式作主语典型用法 要点精讲 1.不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为) 。 2.不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。 3.常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth.等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. It took years of work _____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 2. It’s important for the figures _____________(update) regularly. 3. When and where to start the programs ____________(remain) unknown. 4. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take __________ (get)there. 2. 作宾语 He decided to invite all of his classmates to attend the holiday at the beach. 他决定邀请他所有的同学到海滨度假。 He promised not to tell anyone about it.他答应不把这件事情告诉任何人。 (1)..以下动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语： ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fall, help, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等。如：He refused to lend me his bicycle. (2).下列动词后接不定式或-ing形式作宾语均可，意思相差甚微。 begin, start, like, love, continue, prefer, hate等。如： I like watching TV, but I don’t like to watch TV this evening. 注意：like doing表示习惯性动作，like to do表示具体动作。 (3).在及物动词tell, advise, show, teach, learn, know, decide等词之后，常接“疑问词(how, what, whether, where, when, who等)+不定式”构成的不定式短语作宾语。如： He showed us how to do the work. (=He showed us how we should do the work.) I don’t know what to do. (=I don’t know what I should do.) We must decide whether to go or not. The enemy had no choice but to give in. 总结不定式作宾语两种典型用法 要点精讲1：只接to do作宾语的动词:妙记--mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的 manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail, intend, plan/pretend/promise, seem, decide/desire/determine 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words. 2. She never seemed ________(care) what the rest of us thought about her. 3. One study in America found that students' grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want __________ (wear) the uniform. 要点精讲2：接to do/doing意义不同的动词：妙记--frogshmt青蛙聪明 forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can’t help, mean, try。该考点非常重要，必须重视。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again. 2. --Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it. 3. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 4. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _________(live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. 3. 作表语 1.不定式作表语时常见的动词 不定式作表语时，一般紧紧跟在系动词后面，如be，seem，remain，appear，get等，用来说明主语的内容。 A use of the computer network is to send e-mails.计算机网络的一种作用是发送电子邮件。 Mary doesn’t seem to like the idea.玛丽似乎不喜欢这个主意。 2.不定式作表语时常见的主语 当dream，business，wish，idea，plan，job，work，task，duty等作主语时，及what sb. wants to do等作主语时，常用不定式作表语。 My wish is to be a doctor.我的愿望是成为一名医生。 What Joe wants to do seems to tell you something.乔想要做的似乎就是要告诉你一些事情。 总结不定式作表语典型用法 要点精讲：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。 If you are wrong, the least thing you can do is (to) apologize. 如果你做错了，你可以做的至少是道歉。 The only thing that he can do now is (to) abandon the plan. 现在他唯一能做的事情是放弃这个计划。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____(see) whether they will enjoy it. 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____________(not, make) it more difficult. 4. 作定语 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面要由相应的介词。如： The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time或place或way时，不定式后面的介词可以省略。如： He had no place to live. (1)..不定式表将来 The car to be bought is for his sister. (2).用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，而且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。如： He is the best man to do this job. The last one to arrive pays the meal 要点精要点精讲： 1.不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。 2.不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。 3.若不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。 总结不定式作定语典型用法 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The meeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrow is very important. 2. The airport _____________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 3. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one (blame). 4. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________ (change) lives. 5. 作状语 不定式作状语时，常见的有目的状语、结果状语、原因状语。 (1).目的状语 不定式作目的状语的情况比较多，如果强调目的性，不定式前还可以加in order to或so as to，构成in order to do 或so as to do结构。in order to do结构作目的状语时，可以放在句首或句中。而so as to do结构只能放在句中。 e.g. He went to Beijing to/in order to/so as to see his friends. Bob took down my telephone number so as not to/in order not to forget it. (2).结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so...as to; such...as to; too...to; only to do, ...enough to等。 e.g. I’m not so stupid as to write it down. Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left. I’m too tired to stay up longer. (3).原因状语 形容词作表语时，后面可以接不定式作原因状语，用来说明产生某种情绪的原因。可以用于这类结构的常见形容词有：happy, surprised, ready, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, delighted, pleased等。 e.g. You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. (4).条件状语 动词不定式有时也可以表示条件，一般置于句首，否定不定式表示条件多置于句尾，这时谓语动词常含有will, shall, should, would, can, must等。 To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world. 总结不定式作状语三种典型用法 要点精讲1：不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners. 2. _______(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents. 3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there (train) for a space flight. 4.The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection _________ (promote) economic growth. 要点精讲2：不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He hurried to the station, only ____________(inform/find/tell) that the train had left. 2. Would you be so kind as_____________ (carry) the luggage for me? 3. Now I’m brave enough ____________(stand) up and answer the question. 要点精讲3：不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe). 2.Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________ (perform) consistently over a large area. 6. 作补语 补语可以分成宾补和主补。用来补充说明宾语或主语的状态。 1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 带to的不定式作补语：advidse, allow, ask, beg, encourage, forbid, force, get, order, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, wish, 等。 The doctor advised me to stop smoking.医生建议我戒烟。 Their boss forced them to work overtime.老板强迫他们加班。 2.不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 不定式在某些感官动词，如feel，hear，listen to，watch，look at，notice，observe等，以及使役动词let，have，make等后作宾语补足语时，要省去to，但在被动语态中to不可省去。 They made the workers work day and night. →The workers were made to work day and night.（在被动语态中，省去的to必须加上。） Let me hear you play the piano!让我听听你弹钢琴吧！ 注意：在动词help后，to可以省略，也可以不省略。 I will help him (to) clean the room.我将要帮他打扫这间屋子。 3.不定式作主语补足语 The room was said to have been cleaned.据说这个房间已被打扫过了。 （划线的部分分别为不定式的逻辑主语、被动语态、主语补足语） He was told to be quiet.（被动语态） （划线的部分分别为不定式的逻辑主语、被动语态、主语补足语） →The teacher told him to be quiet.他被（老师）告知要保持安静。 （to be quiet为不定式作宾语补足语） 总结不定式作宾语补足语四种典型用法 要点精讲1：see类动词(不定式作宾补省to，但在被动语态中to应加上): 巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉 notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. With the world changing fast, we have something new (deal) with by ourselves every day. 2. He was observed ________________(enter) the office silently. 3. When I came in I saw him ______________(listen) to music. 要点精讲2：warn类动词(只接to do后作宾补) warn, tell, ask, persuade, expect等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 2. Energy drinks are not allowed ____________(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 3. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________(stay)and watch. 4. They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 5. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected____________(increase) to 42 by 2050. 要点精讲3：be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that…。不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 2. Police are searching for a woman who is reported to _____________(miss) since the flood hit the area. 三、.不定式的时态和语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing × 完成进行式 to have been doing × 1.一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。 They made plans to live in Paris. 他们计划住在巴黎。（to live 发生在 made plans之后） 2. “to be done”表示将来，常作定语。而且不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。 The school building to be finished is for our teacher. 要被建造的大楼是给我们老师使用的。 The doctor recommended the room to be aired. 医生建议让房间透透气。 3. “to have done”表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，而且和主语（通常指人）是主动关系。 He is said to have finished this novel. 据说他写完了这部小说。 4. “to have been done”从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，而且和主语（通常指物，也可以指人）是被动关系。 This building is said to have been built. 据说这个建筑被竣工了。 She is happy to have been admitted to a famous university. 她被一所著名大学录取了，很开心。 5.“to be doing”表示两个动作同时发生，不太强调先后顺序。 When I came in, Mr. Li happened to be talking with others. 当我进来的时候，Mr. Li碰巧和别人聊天呢。 6. “to have been doing”表示表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而且一直进行着。 I am happy to have been working here. 我很开心在这里工作。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The boy pretended _____________(read) the book when the teacher came in. 2. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ___________(hear). 3. He got up early this morning so as _____________(miss)the early train. 4. The engine just won't start. Something seems __________(go) wrong with it. 一、单句语法填空 1．She is often heard (sing) an English song in the classroom. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Kevin learned an important lesson that day: always verify the facts before taking action, but never hesitate (help) those in need. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised (find) that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Her ability to speak five languages fluently never fails (astonish) everyone she meets. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．I’m honored (have) my voice heard to make a difference in the lives of those little birds that share our city. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years (overcome). (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．David threatened (report) his neighbour to the police if the damage was not paid. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．Now, when having trouble in learning English well, plenty of students urge know how to deal with it. (用适当的词填空) 9．She desires (become) a doctor to help those in need. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．Governors of Sichuan Province are preparing an application (include) Sanxingdui Ruins on the World Cultural Heritage List. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．In a desperate attempt (escape) the mounting pressure, I falsely confessed (承认) . (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．I was once ashamed (admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling because I can face it bravely. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is (make) hydrocarbons from recycled air. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．A few months ago, the 30-year-old teacher decided it was time (put) her hobby to good use. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15． (speed) up the process, please make sure the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．The heavy rain is likely (cause) floods in low-lying areas. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．Peter happened (pass) by when they spoke ill of him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．She felt it necessary (apologize) for her rude attitude yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．Brian, an experienced sailor, knew they needed to find a safe place (escape) the storm immediately to stay safe. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．She struggled for 10 years (achieve) success as an author. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 21．To ________________________, you should exercise at least three times a week. (keep healthy)   为了保持健康，你应该每周至少锻炼三次。 22．We all have a role to play to ________________ (保护环境). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 23．Governments need to ________________ (采取措施) to reduce carbon emissions and slow climate change. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 24．1931年，亚当斯成为第一名获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。 (the first...to do sth. ) In 1931, Addams became the first American woman ________________. 25．“be+形容词+to do”结构     The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are ________________ (容易学和背诵). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 26．To succeed, you must be willing to __________ (面对挑战) instead of avoiding them. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 27．seem to do sth. 似乎做某事     In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always________ (似乎找到一个方法) to win. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 28．School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way ____________ (学习) and grow. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 29．I __________ (志愿做) a tutor for children from poor families. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 30．Many people work two jobs to __________ (谋生) and support their families. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 一、语篇填空（不定式专练） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is important for teenagers 　1　(have) dreams. My dream is 　2　(become) a volunteer doctor in the future. I always try my best 　3　(study) medicine-related knowledge after school. I decide 　4　(do) more volunteer work to help others. Last term, I joined a club 　5　(learn) how to care for the old. My parents expect me 　6　(be) a kind and helpful person. They encourage me 　7　(keep) trying. I know I can’t wait 　8　(take) action every day. It’s my duty 　9　(help) people in need. I believe I am able 　10　(realize) my dream one day. 二、阅读理解 A Notice of 2025 China International Youth Innovation & Culture Exchange Week Organized by the China Youth Development Foundation and supported by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the 2025 China International Youth Innovation & Culture Exchange Week is scheduled to be held in Hangzhou from November 15 to 21, 2025. This event aims to build a global platform for young people aged 16-25 to exchange cultural insights, showcase innovative projects, and build cross-border friendships. Event Arrangements ● Opening Ceremony & Keynote Forum (Nov 15): The opening ceremony will feature speeches by renowned cultural scholars and young innovators from 12 countries. The forum will focus on the theme “Youth Power in Cultural Inheritance and Global Communication”, with live streaming available on our official website. ● Cultural Experience Workshops (Nov 16-18): We offer 15 themed workshops, including Chinese calligraphy, silk weaving, traditional paper-cutting, and global folk music exchange. Each workshop is limited to 30 participants, and free pre-registration is required via our official WeChat mini-program. ● Global Youth Innovation Competition (Nov 19-20): The competition welcomes innovative projects related to cultural inheritance, low-carbon development, and public welfare. The top 3 projects will be awarded a total prize pool of 200,000 yuan, along with incubation support from Chinese tech enterprises. ● Closing Ceremony & Cultural Gala (Nov 21): The closing ceremony will end with a gala featuring traditional and modern performances from participating countries. All registered participants are welcome to attend for free. Registration Notes All participants must complete online registration before November 1, 2025. For overseas participants, we provide free accommodation during the event. For more details, please visit https://www.cycweek2025.com. 1．What is the main purpose of the 2025 Exchange Week? A．To promote Hangzhou’s tourism resources to global youth. B．To offer a platform for youth cultural exchange and innovation. C．To award young innovators for their environmental protection efforts. D．To provide free cultural courses for overseas students in China. 2．Which activity requires pre-registration through the WeChat mini-program? A．The opening ceremony keynote forum. B．The cultural experience workshops. C．The global youth innovation competition. D．The closing ceremony cultural gala. 3．What benefit can overseas participants get from the event? A．Free accommodation during the event. B．A guaranteed award in the innovation competition. C．Free round-trip air tickets to Hangzhou. D．Long-term incubation support from tech enterprises. B The Amazon in the heart of South America and the Atlantic rainforests on the east coast of the continent are separated by hundreds of miles of dry forest and savanna (稀树草原) that are too difficult for most rainforest trees to survive. Despite this gap, the two ecosystems share many different species of tree. It was previously supposed that the trees bridged this gap during historical periods when the region was much wetter and more forgiving to passing trees. Off the back of new research, a new theory has sprung up: The forests of the Atlantic rainforest are constantly occupied by trees from the Amazon. They do this by growing and spreading along the river, which acts like a hidden “highway” between the two separated ecosystems. “Rather than tree species being exchanged during specific wetter periods in the past, we found that they have dispersed consistently over time,” Dr James Nicholls, lead study author, said in a statement. “This probably happens slowly, by generations of trees growing along the ‘highways’ provided by rivers that run through Brazil’s dry ecosystems,” added Dr Nicholls. The researchers came to this conclusion by studying the genetics of 164 species of Inga tree, which are common in Latin American rainforests. Their DNA was used to reconstruct the “family tree” of the plants showing the team when each species split from its numerous ancestors and their pattern of movement across the continent. Researchers identified 16 to 20 instances of species migrating from the Amazon to the Atlantic Forest and successfully taking root. The study highlights how the natural world does not respect the national borders set by homo sapiens (智人). These ecosystems are deeply connected, frequently spreading between countries with regardless of border checks and passports. This view, the team says, could have huge importance for the conservation of the rainforests in South America and the rest of the world. 4．What can we learn from the old theory of tree migration? A．It depended on genetic data. B．It stressed slow river spread. C．It proved species connection. D．It assumed wetter past periods. 5．How do trees from the Amazon reach the Atlantic rainforest according to the new theory? A．By using wind movement. B．By getting human assistance. C．By following river highways. D．By relying on animal migration. 6．What does the underlined word “dispersed” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Spread. B．Increased. C．Reduced. D．Disappeared. 7．What does the study suggest people do for rainforest conservation? A．Focus only on the Amazon. B．Cooperate across countries. C．Protect each forest separately. D．Ignore national borders entirely. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $