第01讲 Unit 1 Reading（考点精讲精练）新九年级英语暑假预习讲义新教材沪教版

第01讲 Unit 1 Great people Reading 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 学习目标导航 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1.能掌握理解文章出现的生词和短语。 2.能通过阅读了解文章大意及主要内容。 学习重点和难点 1.理解文章的意义和伟人的优秀品质。 2. 理解人物传记文章的特点和的阅读技巧，能够读懂此类文章。 教材解析 【重点单词】背诵 1.____________________ adj.优秀 的；杰出的 【变形】____________________ 脱颖而出,出众 2. ____________________adj. 陈旧的；过时的 3. ____________________adj.古典的; 经典的 【变形】____________________优秀的、典型的 4. ____________________ adj.普通的； 平凡的 5. ____________________n.灯 6. ____________________ n.诗人 【变形】____________________ n. 诗（可数） ____________________ n. 诗歌（总称） 7.* ____________________adj.坚信的；确信的 【变形】____________________可信的（形容物） 8.* ____________________ n.哲学家 【变形】____________________ n. 哲学 9. ____________________ n.剧作家 【变形】____________________ n. 戏剧；剧本 ____________________ adj. 戏剧的；引人注目 10. ____________________ n.看法,意见,评价 【变形】_________________ v. 判断；评判；审判　 ____________________n. 法官；裁判 11.* ____________________ n.评价；评估 12. ____________________v.认为；觉得 【变形】____________________ n. 考虑；斟酌 13. ____________________ n.背景 14. _________________ adj.有重大意义的；显著的 【变形】____________________ n. 符号；迹象 ____________________n. 信号 v. 发信号 ____________________ n. 重要性；意义 15. ____________________ n.重要事件; 里程碑 16. ____________________ v.完成（困难的事） 【变形】____________________ n. 管理；管理层 ____________________ n. 经理；管理者 【搭配】____________________设法做成某事 17. ____________________n.巨大影响； 强大作用 【搭配】____________________对…… 产生影响 【同义词】______________（侧重潜移默化的影响） ____________________（影响，结果、效应） 18. ____________________n.真理 【变形】____________________ adj. 真实的 ____________________ adv. 真正地；真诚地 ____________________ v./n. 信任（同源） 19. ______________adj.全神 贯注的；全力以赴的 【搭配】____________________专心于…… ____________________专心做某事 20. ____________________ n.相信 【变形】____________________ v. 相信 ____________________adj. 可信的 二、教材解析 Wang Zhenyi —an outstanding woman scholar Wang Zhenyi(1768-1797)was a female mathematician and an astronomer who lived in the Qing dynasty. She also had a talent for poetry. Wang grew up in a family that valued education. As a child, she learnt mathematics from her father, astronomy from her grandfather and poetry from her grandmother. When she was a teenager, she spent a lot of time studying and building her knowledge in her grandfather's library. Wang learnt more and more about astronomy and mathematics, even though the language in the science books was very old-fashioned and difficult to understand. This experience made her realize something important: scientific texts need to be written in a clear way so that everyone can understand them. With this in mind, she rewrote the mathematician Mei Wending’s famous book about calculation. At age 24,she created a simpler method of multiplication and division, and wrote a book about it. Wang also studied astronomy on her own. She described lunar and solar Eclipses(日食)in her works. In old times, people thought eclipses were a sign that heaven was angry with them, but Wang showed that these events were completely natural. She explained it in a simple way so that ordinary people could understand. She set up a model of a lunar eclipse in a garden. It was made up of a round table representing the Earth, a lamp as the Sun, and a round mirror as the Moon. Wang moved the objects around to show what happens during a lunar eclipse: when the Moon passes into the Earth's shadow, the Moon becomes darker. Her model was clear and simple to understand, even for the youngest people in the audience. In addition to her achievements in mathematics and astronomy, Wang Zhenyi was an excellent poet, and she wrote about unusually modern topics. Wang knew that women are no less intelligent than men, as we can see in this poem: It's made to believe, Women are the same as Men; Are you not convinced, Daughters can also be heroic? In 1994,the International Astronomical Union (IAU) named a crater on Venus after Wang Zhenyi. Since she achieved so much in her short time on Earth —she died at the age of 29—it is fitting that she is remembered beyond it. （1）课文理解 文章结构分析 阅读选择 1.What can we infer about Wang Zhenyi from the second paragraph? A. Her family was very rich and powerful in the Qing dynasty. B. She received education from different family members at home. C. She had to fight against her family to study science as a girl. D. Her grandfather only allowed her to read books in his library as a teenager. 2.Why did Wang Zhenyi create a simpler method of multiplication and division? A. Because she wanted to prove she was smarter than Mei Wending. B. Because she found old science books were hard for common people to understand. C. Because her father asked her to make math easier for children to learn. D. Because she needed it to help her with her studies of astronomy. 3.What did Wang Zhenyi use to represent the Moon in her lunar eclipse model? A. A round table B. A lamp C. A round mirror D. A ball 4.What can we learn from Wang Zhenyi’s poem? A. She thought women were less intelligent than men. B. She believed women could also be as great as men. C. She was worried about the education of girls in the Qing dynasty. D. She wrote many poems about science and astronomy. 5. The underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refers to ______. A. her book about multiplication B. her model of a lunar eclipse C. her short life on Earth D. the crater on Venus 6.What is the main idea of the passage? A. To introduce Wang Zhenyi’s family life in the Qing dynasty. B. To explain how Wang Zhenyi built her lunar eclipse model. C. To show Wang Zhenyi’s achievements in science and poetry. D. To encourage more girls to study science like Wang Zhenyi. 2 Read the article again and answer the questions below. Do you think Wang Zhenyi was ahead of her time? If so, in what way? (1)What made Wang Zhenyi an outstanding woman scholar？ (2)What can you learn from her? （2）重点难点句子讲解 1. She also had a talent for poetry 她还颇具写诗的天赋。 talent 名词 (n.) 天赋；才能；天资 talented 形容词 (adj.) 有天赋的；有才干的 1. have a talent for sth. / doing sth. 表示 “在某方面有天赋” She has a talent for music. 她有音乐天赋。 He has a talent for writing stories. 他有写故事的天赋。 2. be talented in sth. / doing sth. 表示 “在某方面有天赋” My brother is talented in art. 我弟弟在美术方面很有天赋。 三、同义句转换（高频考题） 两个短语表意相同，可互相改写： He has a talent for dancing. = He is talented in dancing. 核心区别（考试重点） 1.poet = 写诗歌的人 → 诗人 2.poem = 一首一首具体的诗 → 单篇诗作（可数） 3.poetry = 诗歌这类文学（总称）→ 诗歌、诗艺（不可数） 如： a famous poet 一位著名诗人 a poem 一首诗 two poems 两首诗 poetry（总称，不能加 a / 数字） modern poetry 现代诗歌 Chinese poetry 中国诗歌 a book of poetry 一本诗集 易错题对比（必记） 1.He is a great poet. 他是一位伟大的诗人。 2.This is a beautiful poem. 这是一首优美的诗。 3.I enjoy reading poetry. 我喜欢阅读诗歌（这类文学）。 【典例训练】 1. She has a natural _______ for painting and draws very well. A. story　 B. talent　 C. habit　 D. secret 2.Unlike his brother, who has a _______ for math, he is more interested in art. A. talent B. intelligence C. hobby D. dream 3.完成单词题（固定搭配） 根据句意及首字母提示填空： （1） She has a t_______ for dancing and wins many prizes. （2） He is a _______ singer who can write and arrange songs. 4. 她在钢琴演奏方面很有天赋，经常在学校活动中表演。（完成句子） She _____ ____ _____ _______the piano and often performs at school events. 5.The great_______ wrote a beautiful_______, and his whole ________ is popular all over the world. (poetry) 2. Scientific texts need to be written in a clear way so that everyone can understand them. 科学著作应当写得浅显易懂，让所有人都能看懂。 in a clear way 清楚地；清晰地；条理分明地=clearly The teacher explains every difficult knowledge point in a clear way. 这位老师把每一个难点知识点都讲解得条理清晰。 You should tell your ideas in a clear way when you talk with others. 和别人交流时，你应当把自己的想法表达清楚。 so that 引导状语从句。 （1）引导目的状语从句“以便；为了” 从句常搭配情态动词：can / could / will / would / may / might I get up early so that I can catch the early bus. 我早起，以便能赶上早班车。 He spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him clearly. 他大声说话，好让所有人都能听清。 引导结果状语从句“因此；以至于”从句一般不加情态动词。 It rained heavily so that we had to stay at home. 雨下得很大，所以我们只好待在家里。 易混区分（中考必考） so that + 从句（以便 / 因此） so…that…（如此…… 以至于……，结果状语从句） He studies hard so that he can pass the exam.他努力学习，为了能通过考试。 He is so hard-working that he always gets good grades. 他学习如此刻苦，总能取得好成绩。 【典例分析】 1. He has to earn lots of money _____ he can buy his children nice food and clothes. A. so that B. such that C. that D. in order 2.Santaishan Forest Park is __________ beautiful that it has become a hot tourist attraction. A. so B. very C. such D. quite 3. I’ve had _______ many falls that I am black and blue all over. A. so B. such C. too D. very 4. It was ______ yesterday that they went out for a picnic. A. a such fine day B. such a fine day C. so a fine day D. a so fine day 5. 她说得那么快，我几乎听不清她所说的话。 She spoke ____________ fast ____________ I could ___________ hear what she said clearly. 6.为了让大家可以明白，他说得很慢。 He spoke slowly ________ ________ everyone ________ ________. 3.With this in mind, she rewrote the mathematician Mei Wending’s famous book about calculation. 秉持这一想法，她改写了数学家梅文鼎的著名算学典籍。 With this in mind 考虑到这一点；基于此；心中想着这件事 With this in mind, you should make a careful plan before you start your work. 考虑到这一点，你开工前应该制定一份周密的计划。 With this in mind, we all decide to spend more time on reading every day. 基于此，我们所有人都决定每天花更多时间阅读。 4. It was made up of a round table representing the Earth, a lamp as the Sun, and a round mirror as the Moon. 这套模型由代表地球的圆桌、当作太阳的灯以及模拟月亮的圆镜组成。 be made up of 由…… 组成；由…… 构成 Our class is made up of fifty students from different places. 我们班级由五十名来自各地的学生组成。 This book is made up of three different parts and many short stories. 这本书由三个不同章节和多篇小故事构成。 三、易混辨析（中考常考） be made up of 由…… 组成（强调组成成分，整体→部分） be made of 由…… 制成（成品能看出原材料） be made from 由…… 制成（成品看不出原材料） The desk is made of wood. 这张桌子由木头制成。（看得见木头） Paper is made from wood. 纸张由木头制成。（看不出木头） The group is made up of ten members. 这个小组由十名成员组成。 【典例训练】 1.This desk _______ wood and we can see the wood clearly. A. is made from B. is made of C. is made in D. is made up of 2.Paper _______ wood, so we can’t see wood in paper. A. is made of B. is made in C. is made from D. is made up of 3.The group _______ five excellent artists. A. is made in B. is made from C. is made of D. is made up of 4.This kind of nice watch _______ Switzerland. A. is made in B. is made of C. is made from D. is made up of 5. In addition to her achievements in mathematics and astronomy, Wang Zhenyi was an excellent poet, and she wrote about unusually modern topics. 除了在数学和天文学领域有所建树，王贞仪还是一位出色的诗人，她的诗作立意新颖，颇具现代思想。 in addition to除…… 之外（还有）；此外 in addition to + 名词 /doing（介词短语） in addition（副词短语，单独使用，后接完整句子） In addition to English, we also learn math and history at school. 除了英语，我们在学校还学习数学和历史。 In addition to playing basketball, he likes running in his free time. 除了打篮球，他空闲时还喜欢跑步。 易混对比（考试常考） in addition to + 词 / 短语（除… 之外还有） In addition to music, she is talented in painting. 除了音乐，她还擅长绘画。 in addition + 完整句子（此外、另外） She sings well. In addition, she can dance beautifully. 她歌唱得好，此外她舞跳得也很棒。 【典例训练】 1._______ English, she can also speak French and German. A. Instead of B. In addition to C. Thanks to D. According to 2.除了学习英语，她每天还练习弹钢琴。 _______ _______ _______ ________English, she practices playing the piano every day. 6. It's made to believe, Women are the same as Men; Are you not convinced, Daughters can also be heroic? 始信须眉等巾帼，谁言儿女不英雄。 （王贞仪《题女中丈夫图》原诗句） (1)convince 动词 (v.) 使确信；说服 1.convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 2. convince sb. (that) 从句 说服 / 使某人相信……（that 可省略） 3. convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 (2)convinced形容词 (adj.) / 动词过去式 / 过去分词. 确信的；坚信的 be convinced of sth. All of us are convinced of his great talent in music. 我们所有人都确信他拥有出众的音乐天赋。 convinced：（人）感到确信的、信服的 convincing：（事物）令人信服的 【典例训练】 1.We are _______ of his ability and his speech is really _______. A. convincing; convinced B. convinced; convincing C. convince; convincing D. convinced; convince 2.She is _______ that the _______ story is true.A. convincing; convinced B. convinced; convincing C. convince; convinced D. convinced; convince 7. She died at the age of 29—it is fitting that she is remembered beyond it. 她年仅 29 岁便离世。她能被后世长久铭记，实至名归。 It is fitting that …… 是恰当的；…… 合情合理；理应如此 整体为形式主语句型：it 是形式主语，真正主语是后面的 that 从句。 fitting 此处为形容词，表 “恰当的、合适的、理所应当的”。 It is fitting that we should respect our teachers. 我们尊敬老师，这是理所应当的。 It is fitting that he gets the prize after years of hard work. 多年努力之后他获奖，这合情合理。 It is fitting that we remember those great people forever. 我们永远铭记伟人，是理所应当的。 可互换表达，意思一致： It is right that… …… 是正确的 It is proper that… …… 是合适的 beyond 作介词（核心考点） 1.（位置/时间 / 数量）在…… 另一边；越过 The park is beyond that tall building. 公园在那栋高楼的另一边。 He never stays up beyond eleven o’clock. 他从不熬夜到十一点以后。 2.（能力、理解、范围）超出；非…… 所能及（中考高频） 固定搭配：beyond one’s ability/understanding This difficult problem is beyond me. 这道难题我解答不了。 The story is beyond little kids’ understanding. 这个故事小孩子理解不了。 3. 除…… 之外（多用于书面） I know nothing about him beyond his name. 除了他的名字，我对他一无所知。 作副词 在远处；在另一边；更远 The hills are far beyond. 群山在远方。 【典例训练】 1.这位一生创作无数佳作的诗人获得这项荣誉是理所应当的。 ______ ______ ______ ______ the poet who created plenty of fine works wins the great honour. 2我们在参观完画展之后去品读他的诗歌是十分恰当的。 _______ _______ _______ _______ we read his poems after visiting the art show. 3.The beauty of the famous poet’s works is _______ words. A. beside B. beyond C. behind D. below 4.这个深奥的诗歌理论超出了我的理解范围。 The deep theory of poems is _______ _______ _______. 过关检测 一、短语翻译 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.______________________有……天赋 2. ______________________长大；成长 3. ______________________尽管；即使 4. ______________________花费……做某事 5. ______________________以清晰的方式 6. ______________________以便；为了 7. ______________________在 24 岁时 8. ______________________独自；靠自己 9. ______________________对……生气 10. ______________________搭建；设立 11. ______________________由……组成 12. ______________________考虑到；带着…想法 13. ______________________除…之外（还有） 14. ______________________不比…差；和…一样 15. ______________________和…相同 16. ______________________以…命名 17. ______________________积累知识 二、单项选择。 1.I _______ two hours reading books every weekend. A. take　 B. spend　 C. cost　 D. pay 2. The young girl has a natural _______ for music and sings beautifully. A. talent　 B. hobby　 C. secret　 D. result 3. Li Bai is a famous Chinese _______ who wrote thousands of great works. A. poem　 B. poet　 C. poetry　 D. article 4. His success is _______ our expectation. No one thought he could win. A. beside　 B. behind　 C. beyond　 D. below 5. The great scientist used to live an _______ life like common people. A. unusual　 B. ordinary　 C. modern　 D. cheap 6. Yuan Longping made many _______ achievements in rice research. A. strange　 B. outstanding　 C. simple　 D. useless 7. We will learn some _______ poems written by ancient Chinese poets this term. A. fresh　 B. classical　 C. private　 D. quick 8. You should make your own _______ instead of following others’ ideas blindly. A. judgement　 B. habit　 C. memory　 D. decision 9. Please _______ the weather before you go camping. A. think　 B. consider　 C. guess　 D. count 10. Our class _______ fifty students from different cities. A. is made of　 B. is made from　 C. is made up of　 D. is made in 11. _______ his daily work, he spends lots of time helping poor kids. A. In addition to B. Instead of C. Thanks to D. Because of 12. She gets up early every morning _______ she can catch the first bus. A. so that　 B. in order to　 C. such that　 D. even if 三、根据首字母写出单词 1. Everyone around soon found that the young girl had a natural t_______ for music and painting. 2. People in this family always v_______ knowledge and encourage their children to keep learning. 3. If you learn this smart m_______, you will find it much easier to remember English words. 4. As a famous p_______ in ancient times, she expressed her ideas and feelings in different poems. 5. The teacher asked us to d_______ what we saw and heard during the science experiment clearly. 6. It was just an o_______ small house, but it carried many warm memories for the whole family. 7. Many people still enjoy listening to soft c_______ music to relax after a busy day. 8. In our traditional culture, the bright red colour r_________ good luck and great happiness. 9. She became an o__________ woman scholar because she made great achievements in many fields. 10. Though she passed away at a young age, her great spirit lives b_______ her short lifetime. 四、用词的适当形式填空 1. My teacher gave me some _______advice on English learning.（value） 2. He is a great _______ and he has written many wonderful _______.（poet） 3. He is a famous _______ and he does lots of _______ research every day.（science) 4. Many great goals can _________ and we will get amazing ________ in the end.（achieve） 5. We need to _______ carefully and check every _________ again.（calculate） 6. We can see many _______ things and know about their _______ rules.（nature） 7. In addition _______ (learn) math, she also spends much time on astronomy. 8. Please _______ the scene clearly and write down your detailed _______. (describe) 9. She often spends much time _______ (read) books in the library. 10. She is a _______ writer and she has a real _______ for writing poems.(talen) 五、完成句子 1.在成长的过程中，我们要不断积累学识。 As we ______ ______, we should keep trying to ______ _____ _____. 2.考虑到大众的理解能力，除了讲解理论之外，他还准备了不少实例。 ______ ordinary people’s understanding ability _____ _____, _______ _____ _____ ______ (explain) theories, he also prepared plenty of eamples. 3.这个月食模型由几样简单物品组成，她独自完成了制作。 The model of lunar eclipse ___ ___ ____ ___ several simple things, and she made it _____ _____ _____. 4.他24 岁就发明了新算法，以便大家计算起来更轻松。 He created a new calculating method ____ ____ ____ _____ 24 _____ ____ people could calculate more easily. 5.虽然学习之路充满困难，但她在绘画方面很有天赋。 She works hard _____ _____ the road to study is full of difficulties, and she ____ ____ _____ painting. 六、短文填空 A 短文填词 Yuan Longping is an outstanding agricultural scientist whose name is known all over the world. He devoted his lifetime to developing hybrid rice and fighting against hunger. Unlike 1.o_______ researchers who stay indoors studying papers, he deeply 2.v_______ hands-on field work and down-to-earth exploration. For many years, he walked through vast rice fields in wind and rain, and finally created a scientific and practical 3.m______ to cultivate high-yield rice varieties. When passing on his experience to young scientists, he would carefully 4.d__________ every detail of seed selection and field management. With the goal of feeding more people across the globe in mind, he never slowed down his research. In addition to doing numerous experiments day after day, he also visited different regions to teach farmers 5.a________ planting skills. Every plump ear of rice in the fields 6.r_________ his endless efforts and sincere love for people. With decades of hard work and perseverance, he successfully managed to 7.a_________ world-famous breakthroughs. His great 8.c_____________ have helped billions get rid of hunger. His dedication, diligence and selfless spirit will always shine brightly and encourage us to pursue our dreams bravely. B 语法填空(课文改写) Wang Zhenyi (1768-1797) was an outstanding female mathematician and astronomer in the Qing Dynasty, who also showed 1._________(amaze) talent for poetry. Raised in a family that highly valued education, she learned mathematics from her father, astronomy from her grandfather and poetry from her grandmother in her early years. 2.__________ she became a teenager, she spent most of her spare time studying and building her 3.__________(know) in her grandfather’s library. Despite the old and tricky language of ancient science books, she kept 4._________(learn) diligently. She realized that academic writings should 5.___________( express) in a clear way so that ordinary people could read them 6___________(easy). She then revised a well-known math book and created simpler ways of multiplication and division at 24, which she recorded in 7_________ new book. She also explored astronomy on her own. She explained eclipses in a 8__________(science) way and made a simple model to show how they happened. People no longer believed old wrong ideas. Her poems also reflected her advanced thought that women were as intelligent as men. Though she died at the young age of 29, she made extraordinary 9.__________(achieve). In 1994, a crater on Venus 10._____________(name) after her. It is no wonder that this great female scholar is remembered by people all over the world. 七、语法选择 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him ___1____ a lawyer, but in his early___2____, Verne decided to be a writer ___3___he was deeply interested in writing stories. At first, he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The___4___ of this book encouraged him to write more stories, such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864) and From the Earth to the Moon (1865). In the 19th century, science and inventions aroused（唤醒） great interest among many people. Instead of ___5____ordinary stories, Jules Verne focused ____6____ scientific subjects in his works, which made them highly popular among readers. His works contained numerous predictions about the 20th century, and quite a few of these predictions eventually came true. Long before space flight, movies and air conditioning became a reality, he had already described them in detail. These wonderful books achieved great success, and Verne____7___ rich by their widespread popularity. Jules Verne’s books have been adapted into numerous ____8____ movies, bringing his wonderful fictional worlds to life on the big screen. One of___9______ adaptations is 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, which became a great hit for Walt Disney. Notably, it was the first Disney movie that used real actors instead of cartoon drawings, marking a special moment in Disney’s history. ____10____ well-loved film based on Verne’s works is Around the World in Eighty Days. Its main character is Phileas Fogg, For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! Beyond entertaining audiences, Verne’s scientific predictions and creative ideas left a deep mark on future science, inspiring inventors and scientists to explore new technologies and turn his imaginative concepts into real achievements. 1. A. become B. became C. to become D. becoming 2. A. twenty B. twenties C. twentieth D. the twentieth 3. A. when B. although C. so D. because 4. A. successful B. success C. succeed D. successfully 5. A. write B. to write C. wrote D. writing 6. A. on B. in C. of D. for 7. A. made B. was making C. was made D. had made 8. A. excite B. exciting C. excited D. excitingly 9. A. famous B. more famous C. most famous D. the most famous 10. A. Another B. Other C. The other D. Others 八、完形填空 Liu Gongquan was a famous calligrapher during the Tang Dynasty. Even as a young boy, he showed great 16 in writing with a brush. His handwriting was neat and powerful, much better than that of other children his age. People often praised him, and slowly, Liu Gongquan began to feel quite 17 of himself. He thought he was already a master and stopped practising as hard as before. One day, he and his friends went to a temple fair. There, he saw a crowd gathered around an old man with no arms. Curious, Liu Gongquan moved closer to see. To his great 18 , the old man was writing on the ground with his toes! What was even more amazing was that the characters he wrote were much 19 and lively than Liu Gongquan’s own. Liu Gongquan’s face turned red with 20 . In that moment, he realized how small his own talent was. Here was a man with no arms who could write better with his toes than Liu Gongquan could with his hands! All his pride 21 away. He knelt down in front of the old man and said, “Please, sir, will you teach me? I want to learn from you.” The old man smiled kindly and said, “I have no secret. I just never stopped 22 . Remember, young man, there is always someone better. True skill comes from endless practice and a 23 heart.” Deeply moved, Liu Gongquan went home. He threw away all his 24 works and started practising from the beginning. This time, he was not practising for praise, but for the love of the art itself. He studied the works of great calligraphers before him and practised day and night. Years of being humble and working hard 25 paid off. Liu Gongquan became one of the greatest calligraphers in Chinese history. His story tells us a valuable lesson: no matter how talented you are, staying humble and working hard are the only real paths to true mastery and lasting achievement. 16. A. talent B. difficulty C. trouble D. luck 17. A. tired B. ashamed C. afraid D. proud 18. A. joy B. surprise C. regret D. satisfaction 19. A. simpler B. uglier C. more expensive D. more beautiful 20. A. excitement B. shame C. illness D. cold 21. A. melted B. jumped C. blew D. kept 22. A. reading B. practising C. teaching D. waiting 23. A. heavy B. brave C. humble D. clever 24. A. old B. new C. public D. famous 25. A. finally B. hardly C. quickly D. suddenly 九、阅读理解 AAlbert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany, in 1879. His early life was not like that of a typical “smart kid.” Unlike other children, he learned to speak later than usual, and in traditional classrooms, he often seemed not to pay attention—some teachers even thought he might not be very smart. But deep down, he was extremely curious about how the universe works, and this curiosity would later lead him to make amazing scientific discoveries. When he grew up, Einstein became one of the most influential theoretical physicists in history. His most important work is the Theory of Relativity (相对论), which completely changed how we understand space, time, and gravity. This theory has two main parts: the Special Theory of Relativity (for objects moving at a constant (不变的) speed without gravity) and the General Theory of Relativity (for objects speeding up or under the influence of gravity). A key equation (公式) from this theory is E=mc²—it clearly shows that energy (E) and mass (m) are connected, with (c) being the speed of light in a vacuum (真空). This idea later helped develop nuclear physics. Besides his scientific achievements, Einstein was also a person who spoke up for peace and human rights. In the 1930s, when the Nazi government took power in Germany, Einstein had to leave the country. This was because he was Jewish, and the Nazis hated Jewish people. He moved to the United States and took a job at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. There, he kept doing important scientific research until the end of his career. Even though the Theory of Relativity made Einstein very famous, he won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics not for this theory (some scientists still discussed it at that time) but for explaining the photoelectric effect (光电效应). This effect happens when light of a certain type pushes electrons (电子) out of a material. His explanation provided key proof that light can act like tiny particles (粒子), and this helped build the basis for quantum mechanics (量子力学). In his free time, Einstein found comfort and new ideas in music. He was good at playing the violin and often played chamber music with friends. He thought music and science were connected—both needed people to find patterns and explore things we don’t yet understand. Einstein died in 1955 when he was 76 years old, but his ideas still matter today. His theories help guide modern physics, from studying black holes to making GPS (the system that helps us find places) work better. Also, his fight for peace still encourages scientists and activists all over the world. 1. What does the author want to show by mentioning “some teachers even thought he might not be very smart” in Einstein’s early life? A. Teachers in the past were not good at judging students. B. Einstein’s talents were not easy to see when he was young. C. Einstein didn’t work hard in his early school years. D. Traditional classrooms were not suitable for all students. 2. Which part of Einstein’s work helped develop nuclear physics? A. The photoelectric effect. B. The equation E=mc² from the Theory of Relativity. C. His research on quantum mechanics. D. His study of black holes. 3. What can we infer from the fact that Einstein won the Nobel Prize for the photoelectric effect instead of the Theory of Relativity? A. The photoelectric effect was easier to understand. B. The Theory of Relativity was not true at that time. C. Scientific achievements need time to be accepted. D. The Nobel Committee preferred practical research. 4. Why does the author mention “GPS” when talking about Einstein’s legacy? A. To show Einstein invented GPS technology. B. To give an example of how Einstein’s theories are used today. C. To explain what modern physics focuses on. D. To prove GPS is more important than black hole research. B There was a girl who read every book she could get her hands on, and who was dying to share what she learned with the world. She was Wang Zhenyi (1768—1797), a famous woman scientist and poet from the Qing dynasty. In the late 1700s, women were usually expected to cook, clean, and have babies. However, when Zhenyi was young, she wanted to learn everything. Her grandfather was once an official and had a collection of over 75 bookshelves. He was her first teacher in astronomy. Her father studied medical science and was the person who taught her medicine, geography, and math. Her grandmother was her teacher of poetry. Zhenyi learned a lot from her family, but that didn’t mean she just had her nose in a book. While Chinese scientists and philosophers had studied stars for ages, Zhenyi did something quite interesting and new. She used her skills and math knowledge to explain what was happening in the sky. When she was 23, to explain how solar and lunar eclipse (日食月食) happened, Zhenyi used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the sun and a round mirror to act as the moon. She moved the mirror around the table under the light and showed that when the sun, moon, and Earth were on a line, sunlight was stopped and so eclipse happened. At the age of 16, Zhenyi journeyed throughout the country with his father. As she did, she saw not only the beauty, but also the problems of her country—the rich were getting richer and paid the poor little attention. Zhenyi also noticed that women were often hidden away from the outside world, working at home for the family. She wanted to capture it all—each moment of her travels. She wanted other people to see, to know, to understand, so she wrote poems and showed them to the public. Zhenyi got married at the age of 25 and continued to work as an astronomer and poet but died young 4 years later. In total, Wang Zhenyi wrote more than 12 books about science and poems. While many of her writings have been lost, her helps to science continue to be studied today. And in 1994, scientists even named a crater on Venus (金星陨石坑) after her! As she famously wrote in one of her poems, “Do you not believe, daughters can also be heroic?” 1. What is the passage mainly about? A. The problem Wang Zhenyi found in her travel. B. The difficulties Wang Zhenyi faced in her life. C. The general details of Wang Zhenyi’s life story. D. The important discoveries made by Wang Zhenyi. 2. Which of the following best describes Wang’ family? A. Strict but interesting. B. Kind but uneducated. C. Helpful and hardworking. D. Supportive and open-minded. 3. Why was the journey with her father important to Wang Zhenyi? A. It allowed her to learn more about society. B. It helped her do better her study in stars. C. It got her to experience life of ordinary people. D. It let her believe that daughters can also be heroic. 4. What is the correct order for the following events from Wang’s life? a. She owned a crater named after her on Venus. b. She traveled nationwide and recorded what she saw. c. She showed the reason of eclipses using household objects. d. She received education in astronomy, medicine, and poetry. e. She got married and continued in scientific research and poetry. A. d-c-b-e-a B. d-b-c-e-a C. a-e-b-d-c D. a-c-b-d-e C阅读还原 A Guide to Personal Growth No matter who you are or where you live, the most important thing is what kind of person you are. 1 Among them, the following four qualities (品质) are the most helpful ones. Have a Positive Attitude (态度) Life is not always a bed of roses. When facing difficulties, don’t lose heart. Do you know what can help you manage to deal with difficulties? It’s your attitude. Cheer up! 2 When you smile at it, it will also smile at you. Keep Improving Yourself Maybe you are very busy now. Every day you have so many things to do that you can’t find much time to improve yourself. 3 Don’t be too confident in yourself, or you will fall behind others. Keeping improving yourself can help you succeed in the future. Be Creative In modern society, people with creative thinking are most needed. Being creative means thinking up new ideas and having a creative imagination. 4 Be Honest Honesty (诚实) is very important. 5 The one who keeps his word is popular everywhere. As long as you have these qualities mentioned above, you will be excellent and make a difference to the world. Albert Einstein once said, “Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.” A. Life is like a mirror. B. Nobody likes a person who always tells lies. C. Those who are creative have more choices in their life. D. However, the world around you is changing all the time. E. There are many good qualities that can make you better in your life 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $第01讲 Unit 1 Great people Reading 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 学习目标导航 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1.能掌握理解文章出现的生词和短语。 2.能通过阅读了解文章大意及主要内容。 学习重点和难点 1.理解文章的意义和伟人的优秀品质。 2. 理解人物传记文章的特点和的阅读技巧，能够读懂此类文章。 教材解析 【重点单词】背诵 1.outstanding adj.优秀 的；杰出的 【变形】stand out 脱颖而出,出众 2.old-fashioned adj. 陈旧的；过时的 3.classical adj.古典的; 经典的 【变形】classic优秀的、典型的 4.ordinary adj.普通的； 平凡的 5.lamp n.灯 6.poet n.诗人 【变形】poem n. 诗（可数） poetry n. 诗歌（总称） 7.*convinced adj.坚信的；确信的 【变形】convincing可信的（形容物） 8.*philosopher n.哲学家 【变形】philosophy n. 哲学 9.dramatist n.剧作家 【变形】drama n. 戏剧；剧本 dramatic adj. 戏剧的；引人注目 10.judgement n.看法,意见,评价 【变形】judge v. 判断；评判；审判　 judge n. 法官；裁判 11.*evaluation n.评价；评估 12.consider v.认为；觉得 【变形】consideration n. 考虑；斟酌 13.background n.背景 14. significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的 【变形】sign n. 符号；迹象 signal n. 信号 v. 发信号 significance n. 重要性；意义 15.milestone n.重要事件; 里程碑 16.manage v.完成（困难的事） 【变形】management n. 管理；管理层 manager n. 经理；管理者 【搭配】manage to do sth 设法做成某事 17.impact n.巨大影响； 强大作用 【搭配】have an impact on… 对…… 产生影响 【同义词】influence（侧重潜移默化的影响） effect（影响，结果、效应） 18.truth n.真理 【变形】true adj. 真实的 truly adv. 真正地；真诚地 trust v./n. 信任（同源） 19.concentrated adj.全神 贯注的；全力以赴的 【搭配】be concentrated on… 专心于…… concentrate on doing sth 专心做某事 20.belief n.相信 【变形】believe v. 相信 believable adj. 可信的 二、教材解析 Wang Zhenyi —an outstanding woman scholar Wang Zhenyi(1768-1797)was a female mathematician and an astronomer who lived in the Qing dynasty. She also had a talent for poetry. Wang grew up in a family that valued education. As a child, she learnt mathematics from her father, astronomy from her grandfather and poetry from her grandmother. When she was a teenager, she spent a lot of time studying and building her knowledge in her grandfather's library. Wang learnt more and more about astronomy and mathematics, even though the language in the science books was very old-fashioned and difficult to understand. This experience made her realize something important: scientific texts need to be written in a clear way so that everyone can understand them. With this in mind, she rewrote the mathematician Mei Wending’s famous book about calculation. At age 24,she created a simpler method of multiplication and division, and wrote a book about it. Wang also studied astronomy on her own. She described lunar and solar Eclipses(日食)in her works. In old times, people thought eclipses were a sign that heaven was angry with them, but Wang showed that these events were completely natural. She explained it in a simple way so that ordinary people could understand. She set up a model of a lunar eclipse in a garden. It was made up of a round table representing the Earth, a lamp as the Sun, and a round mirror as the Moon. Wang moved the objects around to show what happens during a lunar eclipse: when the Moon passes into the Earth's shadow, the Moon becomes darker. Her model was clear and simple to understand, even for the youngest people in the audience. In addition to her achievements in mathematics and astronomy, Wang Zhenyi was an excellent poet, and she wrote about unusually modern topics. Wang knew that women are no less intelligent than men, as we can see in this poem: It's made to believe, Women are the same as Men; Are you not convinced, Daughters can also be heroic? In 1994,the International Astronomical Union (IAU) named a crater on Venus after Wang Zhenyi. Since she achieved so much in her short time on Earth —she died at the age of 29—it is fitting that she is remembered beyond it. （1）课文理解 文章结构分析 阅读选择 1.What can we infer about Wang Zhenyi from the second paragraph? A. Her family was very rich and powerful in the Qing dynasty. B. She received education from different family members at home. C. She had to fight against her family to study science as a girl. D. Her grandfather only allowed her to read books in his library as a teenager. 2.Why did Wang Zhenyi create a simpler method of multiplication and division? A. Because she wanted to prove she was smarter than Mei Wending. B. Because she found old science books were hard for common people to understand. C. Because her father asked her to make math easier for children to learn. D. Because she needed it to help her with her studies of astronomy. 3.What did Wang Zhenyi use to represent the Moon in her lunar eclipse model? A. A round table B. A lamp C. A round mirror D. A ball 4.What can we learn from Wang Zhenyi’s poem? A. She thought women were less intelligent than men. B. She believed women could also be as great as men. C. She was worried about the education of girls in the Qing dynasty. D. She wrote many poems about science and astronomy. 5. The underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refers to ______. A. her book about multiplication B. her model of a lunar eclipse C. her short life on Earth D. the crater on Venus 6.What is the main idea of the passage? A. To introduce Wang Zhenyi’s family life in the Qing dynasty. B. To explain how Wang Zhenyi built her lunar eclipse model. C. To show Wang Zhenyi’s achievements in science and poetry. D. To encourage more girls to study science like Wang Zhenyi. 【答案】BACBCC 2 Read the article again and answer the questions below. Do you think Wang Zhenyi was ahead of her time? If so, in what way? Yes, Wang Zhenyi was clearly ahead of her time in two main ways. First, she broke the old idea that women were less capable than men. Her poems and scientific work showed that women could also be great scholars. Second, she believed science should be easy to understand for everyone. She simplified math problems and made a simple model to explain eclipses, which is very similar to how science is taught today. (1)What made Wang Zhenyi an outstanding woman scholar？ What made Wang Zhenyi outstanding was her curiosity, creativity and courage. She overcame difficult old science books to learn math and astronomy, then rewrote them in simple ways so everyone could understand. She also broke old ideas by proving women could be great scholars. Her work was so important that a crater on Venus was named after her. (2)What can you learn from her? From Wang Zhenyi, I learn that we should never stop learning and exploring, no matter how difficult things seem. Her courage to challenge unfair ideas and believe in herself also teaches me to be confident. Most importantly, she shows that we can make the world better by sharing knowledge and making complex things easy to understand. （2）重点难点句子讲解 1. She also had a talent for poetry 她还颇具写诗的天赋。 talent 名词 (n.) 天赋；才能；天资 talented 形容词 (adj.) 有天赋的；有才干的 1. have a talent for sth. / doing sth. 表示 “在某方面有天赋” She has a talent for music. 她有音乐天赋。 He has a talent for writing stories. 他有写故事的天赋。 2. be talented in sth. / doing sth. 表示 “在某方面有天赋” My brother is talented in art. 我弟弟在美术方面很有天赋。 三、同义句转换（高频考题） 两个短语表意相同，可互相改写： He has a talent for dancing. = He is talented in dancing. 核心区别（考试重点） 1.poet = 写诗歌的人 → 诗人 2.poem = 一首一首具体的诗 → 单篇诗作（可数） 3.poetry = 诗歌这类文学（总称）→ 诗歌、诗艺（不可数） 如： a famous poet 一位著名诗人 a poem 一首诗 two poems 两首诗 poetry（总称，不能加 a / 数字） modern poetry 现代诗歌 Chinese poetry 中国诗歌 a book of poetry 一本诗集 易错题对比（必记） 1.He is a great poet. 他是一位伟大的诗人。 2.This is a beautiful poem. 这是一首优美的诗。 3.I enjoy reading poetry. 我喜欢阅读诗歌（这类文学）。 【典例训练】 1. She has a natural _______ for painting and draws very well. A. story　 B. talent　 C. habit　 D. secret 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她在绘画上有天生的天赋，画画很好。have a talent for 是固定搭配，意为在…… 方面有天赋；story 故事，habit 习惯，secret 秘密均不符合搭配和句意，因此选 B。 2.Unlike his brother, who has a _______ for math, he is more interested in art. A. talent B. intelligence C. hobby D. dream 【答案】A 【解析】句意为 “不像他的哥哥_______数学，他对艺术更感兴趣”。 have a talent for sth 为固定搭配，意为 “在某方面有天赋”，符合语境。 intelligence（智力） 不与 “for” 搭配；hobby（爱好）、dream（梦想） 与 “天生的能力” 无关，排除 B、C、D。 3.完成单词题（固定搭配） 根据句意及首字母提示填空： （1） She has a t_______ for dancing and wins many prizes. （2） He is a _______ singer who can write and arrange songs. 【答案】1.talent 2.talented 【解析】1.句意为 “她有舞蹈_______并赢得许多奖项”，固定搭配 “have a talent for”，填名词 “talent”。 2.“多才多艺的歌手” 译为 “talented singer”，用形容词 “talented”。 4. 她在钢琴演奏方面很有天赋，经常在学校活动中表演。（完成句子） She _____ ____ _____ _______the piano and often performs at school events. 【答案】is talented in playing /has talent for playing 5.The great_______ wrote a beautiful_______, and his whole ________ is popular all over the world. (poetry) 【答案】poet poem poetry 2. Scientific texts need to be written in a clear way so that everyone can understand them. 科学著作应当写得浅显易懂，让所有人都能看懂。 in a clear way 清楚地；清晰地；条理分明地=clearly The teacher explains every difficult knowledge point in a clear way. 这位老师把每一个难点知识点都讲解得条理清晰。 You should tell your ideas in a clear way when you talk with others. 和别人交流时，你应当把自己的想法表达清楚。 so that 引导状语从句。 （1）引导目的状语从句“以便；为了” 从句常搭配情态动词：can / could / will / would / may / might I get up early so that I can catch the early bus. 我早起，以便能赶上早班车。 He spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him clearly. 他大声说话，好让所有人都能听清。 引导结果状语从句“因此；以至于”从句一般不加情态动词。 It rained heavily so that we had to stay at home. 雨下得很大，所以我们只好待在家里。 易混区分（中考必考） so that + 从句（以便 / 因此） so…that…（如此…… 以至于……，结果状语从句） He studies hard so that he can pass the exam.他努力学习，为了能通过考试。 He is so hard-working that he always gets good grades. 他学习如此刻苦，总能取得好成绩。 【典例分析】 1. He has to earn lots of money _____ he can buy his children nice food and clothes. A. so that B. such that C. that D. in order 【答案】A句意：他必须挣很多钱才能给孩子们买好的食物和衣服。So that 表示目的状语从句。 2.Santaishan Forest Park is __________ beautiful that it has become a hot tourist attraction. A. so B. very C. such D. quite 【答案】A句意：三台山森林公园是如此美丽，它已经成为一个热门的旅游景点。考查副词辨析。so/such that是固定结构，表示“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句，可排除BD两项；so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词或名词性短语。本句beautiful（漂亮的）是形容词，需用so修饰；根据句意结构和语境，可知选A。 3. I’ve had _______ many falls that I am black and blue all over. A. so B. such C. too D. very 【答案】A句意：我摔了很多跤，全身青一块紫一块。当名词前有many, little, few, much等表示大小多少的词来修饰时，只能用so, 不能用such 4. It was ______ yesterday that they went out for a picnic. A. a such fine day B. such a fine day C. so a fine day D. a so fine day 【答案】B句意：昨天天气这么好，他们出去野餐了。主语+谓语+so+adj+a/an+单数名词+that 从句。本句亦可以表达成：so fine a day. 答案也正确。 5. 她说得那么快，我几乎听不清她所说的话。 She spoke ____________ fast ____________ I could ___________ hear what she said clearly. 【答案】so that hardly 6.为了让大家可以明白，他说得很慢。 He spoke slowly ________ ________ everyone ________ ________. 【答案】so that could understand 3.With this in mind, she rewrote the mathematician Mei Wending’s famous book about calculation. 秉持这一想法，她改写了数学家梅文鼎的著名算学典籍。 With this in mind 考虑到这一点；基于此；心中想着这件事 With this in mind, you should make a careful plan before you start your work. 考虑到这一点，你开工前应该制定一份周密的计划。 With this in mind, we all decide to spend more time on reading every day. 基于此，我们所有人都决定每天花更多时间阅读。 4. It was made up of a round table representing the Earth, a lamp as the Sun, and a round mirror as the Moon. 这套模型由代表地球的圆桌、当作太阳的灯以及模拟月亮的圆镜组成。 be made up of 由…… 组成；由…… 构成 Our class is made up of fifty students from different places. 我们班级由五十名来自各地的学生组成。 This book is made up of three different parts and many short stories. 这本书由三个不同章节和多篇小故事构成。 三、易混辨析（中考常考） be made up of 由…… 组成（强调组成成分，整体→部分） be made of 由…… 制成（成品能看出原材料） be made from 由…… 制成（成品看不出原材料） The desk is made of wood. 这张桌子由木头制成。（看得见木头） Paper is made from wood. 纸张由木头制成。（看不出木头） The group is made up of ten members. 这个小组由十名成员组成。 【典例训练】 1.This desk _______ wood and we can see the wood clearly. A. is made from B. is made of C. is made in D. is made up of 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这张桌子由木头制成，我们能清晰看见原材料。be made of 表示成品能直接看出原材料；be made from 成品看不出原料；be made in 后接产地；be made up of 侧重由多个部分组成。能看见木头，故选 B。 2.Paper _______ wood, so we can’t see wood in paper. A. is made of B. is made in C. is made from D. is made up of 【答案】C 【解析】句意：纸张由木材制成，我们在纸张里看不到木头。be made from 指成品看不出原材料；be made of 可看出原料，be made in 加地点，be made up of 强调组成成分，纸张看不出原木，故选 C。 3.The group _______ five excellent artists. A. is made in B. is made from C. is made of D. is made up of 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这个团队由五位优秀艺术家组成。be made up of 意为 “由……（多个部分）构成”；其余三个短语不表示组成含义，故选 D。 4.This kind of nice watch _______ Switzerland. A. is made in B. is made of C. is made from D. is made up of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这款精致的手表产自瑞士。be made in + 地点，表示在某地制造；另外三个短语后不能接地点，故选 A。 5. In addition to her achievements in mathematics and astronomy, Wang Zhenyi was an excellent poet, and she wrote about unusually modern topics. 除了在数学和天文学领域有所建树，王贞仪还是一位出色的诗人，她的诗作立意新颖，颇具现代思想。 in addition to除…… 之外（还有）；此外 in addition to + 名词 /doing（介词短语） in addition（副词短语，单独使用，后接完整句子） In addition to English, we also learn math and history at school. 除了英语，我们在学校还学习数学和历史。 In addition to playing basketball, he likes running in his free time. 除了打篮球，他空闲时还喜欢跑步。 易混对比（考试常考） in addition to + 词 / 短语（除… 之外还有） In addition to music, she is talented in painting. 除了音乐，她还擅长绘画。 in addition + 完整句子（此外、另外） She sings well. In addition, she can dance beautifully. 她歌唱得好，此外她舞跳得也很棒。 【典例训练】 1._______ English, she can also speak French and German. A. Instead of B. In addition to C. Thanks to D. According to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：除英语之外，她还会说法语和德语。in addition to 意为 “除…… 之外（还有）”；instead of 代替，thanks to 多亏，according to 根据，结合后文 also（还），表示追加内容，故选 B。 2.除了学习英语，她每天还练习弹钢琴。 _______ _______ _______ ________English, she practices playing the piano every day. 【答案】In addition to learning 【解析】固定搭配 in addition to doing sth（除了做某事以外），learn 变为 learning。 6. It's made to believe, Women are the same as Men; Are you not convinced, Daughters can also be heroic? 始信须眉等巾帼，谁言儿女不英雄。 （王贞仪《题女中丈夫图》原诗句） (1)convince 动词 (v.) 使确信；说服 1.convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 2. convince sb. (that) 从句 说服 / 使某人相信……（that 可省略） 3. convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 (2)convinced形容词 (adj.) / 动词过去式 / 过去分词. 确信的；坚信的 be convinced of sth. All of us are convinced of his great talent in music. 我们所有人都确信他拥有出众的音乐天赋。 convinced：（人）感到确信的、信服的 convincing：（事物）令人信服的 【典例训练】 1.We are _______ of his ability and his speech is really _______. A. convincing; convinced B. convinced; convincing C. convince; convincing D. convinced; convince 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们信服他的能力，而且他的演讲很有说服力。convinced 修饰人，意为 “感到信服的”，常用搭配 be convinced of；convincing 修饰事物，意为 “令人信服的”，用来形容 speech，因此选 B。 2.She is _______ that the _______ story is true. A. convincing; convinced B. convinced; convincing C. convince; convinced D. convinced; convince 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她被这个令人信服的故事说服了，坚信故事是真实的。convinced 用来修饰人，表示 “感 到信服的”，常用 be convinced that 从句；convincing 修饰事物，意为 “令人信服的”，修饰名词 story， 因此选 B。 7. She died at the age of 29—it is fitting that she is remembered beyond it. 她年仅 29 岁便离世。她能被后世长久铭记，实至名归。 It is fitting that …… 是恰当的；…… 合情合理；理应如此 整体为形式主语句型：it 是形式主语，真正主语是后面的 that 从句。 fitting 此处为形容词，表 “恰当的、合适的、理所应当的”。 It is fitting that we should respect our teachers. 我们尊敬老师，这是理所应当的。 It is fitting that he gets the prize after years of hard work. 多年努力之后他获奖，这合情合理。 It is fitting that we remember those great people forever. 我们永远铭记伟人，是理所应当的。 可互换表达，意思一致： It is right that… …… 是正确的 It is proper that… …… 是合适的 beyond 作介词（核心考点） 1.（位置/时间 / 数量）在…… 另一边；越过 The park is beyond that tall building. 公园在那栋高楼的另一边。 He never stays up beyond eleven o’clock. 他从不熬夜到十一点以后。 2.（能力、理解、范围）超出；非…… 所能及（中考高频） 固定搭配：beyond one’s ability/understanding This difficult problem is beyond me. 这道难题我解答不了。 The story is beyond little kids’ understanding. 这个故事小孩子理解不了。 3. 除…… 之外（多用于书面） I know nothing about him beyond his name. 除了他的名字，我对他一无所知。 作副词 在远处；在另一边；更远 The hills are far beyond. 群山在远方。 【典例训练】 1.这位一生创作无数佳作的诗人获得这项荣誉是理所应当的。 ______ ______ ______ ______ the poet who created plenty of fine works wins the great honour. 【答案】It is fitting that 【解析】It 作形式主语，that 引导真正主语从句；It is fitting that… 意为 “…… 是合情合理的”。 2我们在参观完画展之后去品读他的诗歌是十分恰当的。 _______ _______ _______ _______ we read his poems after visiting the art show. 【答案】It is fitting that 【解析】固定句式，that 后接完整主谓句子，表做某事合乎情理。 3.The beauty of the famous poet’s works is _______ words. A. beside B. beyond C. behind D. below 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这位著名诗人作品的美难以用言语形容。beyond words 为固定搭配，意为 “无法用语言表达”；beside 在旁边，behind 在后面，below 在下方，均不符合句意，故选 B。 4.这个深奥的诗歌理论超出了我的理解范围。 The deep theory of poems is _______ _______ _______. 【答案】beyond my understanding 【解析】固定短语 beyond one’s understanding，意为 “超出某人的理解能力”。 过关检测 一、短语翻译 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.______________________有……天赋 2. ______________________长大；成长 3. ______________________尽管；即使 4. ______________________花费……做某事 5. ______________________以清晰的方式 6. ______________________以便；为了 7. ______________________在 24 岁时 8. ______________________独自；靠自己 9. ______________________对……生气 10. ______________________搭建；设立 11. ______________________由……组成 12. ______________________考虑到；带着…想法 13. ______________________除…之外（还有） 14. ______________________不比…差；和…一样 15. ______________________和…相同 16. ______________________以…命名 17. ______________________积累知识 【答案】1.have a talent for 2.grow up 3.even though 4.spend… doing 5.in a clear way 6.so that 7.at age 24 =at the age of 24 8.on her own. 9.be angry with 10.set up 11.be made up of 12.with …in mind 13.In addition to 14.no less …than 15.Be the same as 16.name…after 17. build her knowledge 二、单项选择。 1.I _______ two hours reading books every weekend. A. take　 B. spend　 C. cost　 D. pay 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我每个周末花两小时看书。spend 的主语是人，常用搭配 spend time (in) doing sth；take 主语多用 it；cost 主语是物品；pay 搭配 for 表示付款。本句主语为人，后面接 doing，因此选 B。 2. The young girl has a natural _______ for music and sings beautifully. A. talent　 B. hobby　 C. secret　 D. result 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这个小女孩天生拥有音乐天赋，唱歌很好听。固定搭配 have a talent for… 表示 “在…… 方面有天赋”；talent 表示天赋，hobby 是爱好，secret 是秘密，result 是结果。结合短语搭配和句意，只有 talent 符合，因此选 A。 3. Li Bai is a famous Chinese _______ who wrote thousands of great works. A. poem　 B. poet　 C. poetry　 D. article 【答案】B 【解析】句意：李白是一位著名的中国诗人，创作了数千部优秀作品。poet 指 “诗人”，代表人；poem 是可数名词，指一首具体的诗；poetry 是不可数名词，是诗歌的总称；article 意为文章。句子主语是人，需要表示人物的单词，因此选 B。 4. His success is _______ our expectation. No one thought he could win. A. beside　 B. behind　 C. beyond　 D. below 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他的成功超出了我们的预料，没人想到他能获胜。beyond one’s expectation 是固定搭配，意为超出某人的预料；beside 在旁边，behind 在后面，below 在下方，都不符合句意搭配，因此选 C。 5. The great scientist used to live an _______ life like common people. A. unusual　 B. ordinary　 C. modern　 D. cheap 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这位伟大的科学家过去和普通人一样过着平凡的生活。ordinary 表示平常的；unusual 不寻常的，modern 现代的，cheap 便宜的。由 like common people（和普通人一样）可知生活平平常常，故选 B。 6. Yuan Longping made many _______ achievements in rice research. A. strange　 B. outstanding　 C. simple　 D. useless 【答案】B 【解析】句意：袁隆平在水稻研究方面取得了许多卓越的成就。outstanding 表示卓越的、突出的；strange 奇怪的，simple 简单的，useless 无用的。结合常识，袁隆平的研究成就是卓越非凡的，因此选 B。 7. We will learn some _______ poems written by ancient Chinese poets this term. A. fresh　 B. classical　 C. private　 D. quick 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这学期我们将要学习一些由中国古代诗人写的经典古诗。classical 表示经典的、古典的；fresh 新鲜的，private 私人的，quick 迅速的。古代诗人创作的诗歌属于古典诗文，因此选 B。 8. You should make your own _______ instead of following others’ ideas blindly. A. judgement　 B. habit　 C. memory　 D. decision 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你应该做出自己的判断，不要盲目听从别人的想法。judgement 意思是判断；habit 是习惯，memory 是记忆，decision 是决定。根据后半句不盲从他人观点，此处表达做出判断，只有 judgement 贴合语境，答案选 A。 9. Please _______ the weather before you go camping. A. think　 B. consider　 C. guess　 D. count 【答案】B 【解析】句意：去露营之前请考虑一下天气。consider 表示认真考虑；think 后常加 about，guess 猜测，count 数数。结合出行前斟酌天气的语境，consider 语义和用法最合适，故选 B。 10. Our class _______ fifty students from different cities. A. is made of　 B. is made from　 C. is made up of　 D. is made in 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们班级由来自不同城市的五十名学生组成。be made up of 表示由多个部分构成；be made of 能看出原材料，be made from 看不出原材料，be made in 后接产地。班级由学生组成，因此选 C。 11. _______ his daily work, he spends lots of time helping poor kids. A. In addition to B. Instead of C. Thanks to D. Because of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：除日常工作之外，他花费大量时间帮扶贫困孩子。in addition to 表示除…… 之外；instead of 代替，thanks to 多亏，because of 由于。结合后半句额外做善事的语境，只有 A 符合句意，答案选 A。 12. She gets up early every morning _______ she can catch the first bus. A. so that　 B. in order to　 C. such that　 D. even if 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她每天早起，以便能赶上首班公交车。so that 后接目的状语从句，表示 “为了、以便”；in order to 后面要接动词原形；such that 搭配错误；even if 意为即使。空格后是完整句子，表目的，因此选 A。 三、根据首字母写出单词 1. Everyone around soon found that the young girl had a natural t_______ for music and painting. 2. People in this family always v_______ knowledge and encourage their children to keep learning. 3. If you learn this smart m_______, you will find it much easier to remember English words. 4. As a famous p_______ in ancient times, she expressed her ideas and feelings in different poems. 5. The teacher asked us to d_______ what we saw and heard during the science experiment clearly. 6. It was just an o_______ small house, but it carried many warm memories for the whole family. 7. Many people still enjoy listening to soft c_______ music to relax after a busy day. 8. In our traditional culture, the bright red colour r_________ good luck and great happiness. 9. She became an o__________ woman scholar because she made great achievements in many fields. 10. Though she passed away at a young age, her great spirit lives b_______ her short lifetime. 【答案】1.talent 2.value 3.method 4.poet 5.describe 6.ordinary 7.classical 8.represent 9.outstanding 10.beyond 四、用词的适当形式填空 1. My teacher gave me some _______advice on English learning.（value） 2. He is a great _______ and he has written many wonderful _______.（poet） 3. He is a famous _______ and he does lots of _______ research every day.（science) 4. Many great goals can _________ and we will get amazing ________ in the end.（achieve） 5. We need to _______ carefully and check every _________ again.（calculate） 6. We can see many _______ things and know about their _______ rules.（nature） 7. In addition _______ (learn) math, she also spends much time on astronomy. 8. Please _______ the scene clearly and write down your detailed _______. (describe) 9. She often spends much time _______ (read) books in the library. 10. She is a _______ writer and she has a real _______ for writing poems.(talen) 【答案】1.valuable 2.poet poems 3.scientist scientific 4.be achieved achievements 5.calculate calculation 6.natura nature 7.learning 8.describe description 9.reading 10.talented talent 五、完成句子 1.在成长的过程中，我们要不断积累学识。 As we ______ ______, we should keep trying to ______ _____ _____. 2.考虑到大众的理解能力，除了讲解理论之外，他还准备了不少实例。 ______ ordinary people’s understanding ability _____ _____, _______ _____ _____ ______ (explain) theories, he also prepared plenty of eamples. 3.这个月食模型由几样简单物品组成，她独自完成了制作。 The model of lunar eclipse ___ ___ ____ ___ several simple things, and she made it _____ _____ _____. 4.他24 岁就发明了新算法，以便大家计算起来更轻松。 He created a new calculating method ____ ____ ____ _____ 24 _____ ____ people could calculate more easily. 5.虽然学习之路充满困难，但她在绘画方面很有天赋。 She works hard _____ _____ the road to study is full of difficulties, and she ____ ____ _____ painting. 【答案】1.grow up build our knowledge 2.With in mind In addition to explaining 3.is made up of on her own 4.at the age of so that 5.Even though has talent for 六、短文填空 A 短文填词 Yuan Longping is an outstanding agricultural scientist whose name is known all over the world. He devoted his lifetime to developing hybrid rice and fighting against hunger. Unlike 1.o_______ researchers who stay indoors studying papers, he deeply 2.v_______ hands-on field work and down-to-earth exploration. For many years, he walked through vast rice fields in wind and rain, and finally created a scientific and practical 3.m______ to cultivate high-yield rice varieties. When passing on his experience to young scientists, he would carefully 4.d__________ every detail of seed selection and field management. With the goal of feeding more people across the globe in mind, he never slowed down his research. In addition to doing numerous experiments day after day, he also visited different regions to teach farmers 5.a________ planting skills. Every plump ear of rice in the fields 6.r_________ his endless efforts and sincere love for people. With decades of hard work and perseverance, he successfully managed to 7.a_________ world-famous breakthroughs. His great 8.c_____________ have helped billions get rid of hunger. His dedication, diligence and selfless spirit will always shine brightly and encourage us to pursue our dreams bravely. 【答案】1. ordinary 2.valued 3.method 4.describe 5.advanced 6.represent 7.achive 8.contributions B 语法填空(课文改写) Wang Zhenyi (1768-1797) was an outstanding female mathematician and astronomer in the Qing Dynasty, who also showed 1._________(amaze) talent for poetry. Raised in a family that highly valued education, she learned mathematics from her father, astronomy from her grandfather and poetry from her grandmother in her early years. 2.__________ she became a teenager, she spent most of her spare time studying and building her 3.__________(know) in her grandfather’s library. Despite the old and tricky language of ancient science books, she kept 4._________(learn) diligently. She realized that academic writings should 5.___________( express) in a clear way so that ordinary people could read them 6___________(easy). She then revised a well-known math book and created simpler ways of multiplication and division at 24, which she recorded in 7_________ new book. She also explored astronomy on her own. She explained eclipses in a 8__________(science) way and made a simple model to show how they happened. People no longer believed old wrong ideas. Her poems also reflected her advanced thought that women were as intelligent as men. Though she died at the young age of 29, she made extraordinary 9.__________(achieve). In 1994, a crater on Venus 10._____________(name) after her. It is no wonder that this great female scholar is remembered by people all over the world. 【答案】1.amazing 2.When 3. knowledge 4.learning 5.be expressed 6.easily 7. A 8.scientific 9. achievements 10.was named 七、语法选择 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him ___1____ a lawyer, but in his early___2____, Verne decided to be a writer ___3___he was deeply interested in writing stories. At first, he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The___4___ of this book encouraged him to write more stories, such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864) and From the Earth to the Moon (1865). In the 19th century, science and inventions aroused（唤醒） great interest among many people. Instead of ___5____ordinary stories, Jules Verne focused ____6____ scientific subjects in his works, which made them highly popular among readers. His works contained numerous predictions about the 20th century, and quite a few of these predictions eventually came true. Long before space flight, movies and air conditioning became a reality, he had already described them in detail. These wonderful books achieved great success, and Verne____7___ rich by their widespread popularity. Jules Verne’s books have been adapted into numerous ____8____ movies, bringing his wonderful fictional worlds to life on the big screen. One of___9______ adaptations is 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, which became a great hit for Walt Disney. Notably, it was the first Disney movie that used real actors instead of cartoon drawings, marking a special moment in Disney’s history. ____10____ well-loved film based on Verne’s works is Around the World in Eighty Days. Its main character is Phileas Fogg, For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! Beyond entertaining audiences, Verne’s scientific predictions and creative ideas left a deep mark on future science, inspiring inventors and scientists to explore new technologies and turn his imaginative concepts into real achievements. 1. A. become B. became C. to become D. becoming 2. A. twenty B. twenties C. twentieth D. the twentieth 3. A. when B. although C. so D. because 4. A. successful B. success C. succeed D. successfully 5. A. write B. to write C. wrote D. writing 6. A. on B. in C. of D. for 7. A. made B. was making C. was made D. had made 8. A. excite B. exciting C. excited D. excitingly 9. A. famous B. more famous C. most famous D. the most famous 10. A. Another B. Other C. The other D. Others 【答案】1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.A 【解析】本文主要介绍科幻小说之父儒勒・凡尔纳的生平、创作经历、作品特色以及他的著作带来的深远影响。 1.C 句意：他的父亲想让他成为一名律师。 考查固定搭配。want sb. to do sth. 为固定用法，意为 “想要某人做某事”，此处需要用动词不定式形式，故选 to become。 2.B 句意：但在他二十多岁时，凡尔纳决定成为一名作家。 考查固定表达。in one's twenties 是固定短语，表示 “在某人二十多岁时”，是年龄表达的常用结构，故选 twenties。 3.D 句意：凡尔纳决定成为一名作家，因为他对写故事有着浓厚的兴趣。 考查连词辨析。when 当…… 时候；although 虽然；so 因此；because 因为。后半句是前半句做出决定的原因，引导原因状语从句用 because，故选 because。 4.B 句意：这本书的成功鼓舞他创作更多故事。 考查词性辨析。successful 形容词，成功的；success 名词，成功；succeed 动词，成功；successfully 副词，成功地。空前有定冠词 The，此处需要填入名词作句子主语，故选 success。 5.D 句意：凡尔纳没有写普通故事。 考查介词用法。instead of 意为 “代替；而不是”，of 是介词，介词后面要接动名词形式，所以用 writing。 6.A 句意：凡尔纳在作品中聚焦科学主题。 考查固定搭配。focus on 是固定短语，意思是 “专注于；聚焦于”，为固定介词搭配，故选 on。 7.C 句意：这些书籍大获成功，凡尔纳也因广泛流传变得富有。 考查被动语态。句子主语 Verne 和动词 make 之间是被动关系，意为 “被使得变得富有”，全文时态为一般过去时，一般过去时被动语态结构为 was/were + 过去分词，主语为单数，故用 was made。 8.B 句意：凡尔纳的书籍被改编成许多精彩有趣的电影。 考查形容词辨析。excite 动词，使兴奋；exciting 形容词，修饰事物，令人激动的；excited 形容词，修饰人，感到激动的；excitingly 副词。此处修饰名词 movies（事物），用 exciting。 9.A 句意：其中一部著名的改编作品是《海底两万里》。 考查形容词用法。one of + 形容词原级 + 名词复数，表示 “…… 其中之一”，此处无需用比较级和最高级，直接用原形 famous 即可。 10.A 句意：另一部基于他作品改编的热门影片是《八十天环游地球》。 考查代词辨析。another 三者及以上中的另一个；other 其他的；the other 两者中的另一个；others 其余人 / 物。此处指众多影片中的另一部，用 another。 八、完形填空 Liu Gongquan was a famous calligrapher during the Tang Dynasty. Even as a young boy, he showed great 16 in writing with a brush. His handwriting was neat and powerful, much better than that of other children his age. People often praised him, and slowly, Liu Gongquan began to feel quite 17 of himself. He thought he was already a master and stopped practising as hard as before. One day, he and his friends went to a temple fair. There, he saw a crowd gathered around an old man with no arms. Curious, Liu Gongquan moved closer to see. To his great 18 , the old man was writing on the ground with his toes! What was even more amazing was that the characters he wrote were much 19 and lively than Liu Gongquan’s own. Liu Gongquan’s face turned red with 20 . In that moment, he realized how small his own talent was. Here was a man with no arms who could write better with his toes than Liu Gongquan could with his hands! All his pride 21 away. He knelt down in front of the old man and said, “Please, sir, will you teach me? I want to learn from you.” The old man smiled kindly and said, “I have no secret. I just never stopped 22 . Remember, young man, there is always someone better. True skill comes from endless practice and a 23 heart.” Deeply moved, Liu Gongquan went home. He threw away all his 24 works and started practising from the beginning. This time, he was not practising for praise, but for the love of the art itself. He studied the works of great calligraphers before him and practised day and night. Years of being humble and working hard 25 paid off. Liu Gongquan became one of the greatest calligraphers in Chinese history. His story tells us a valuable lesson: no matter how talented you are, staying humble and working hard are the only real paths to true mastery and lasting achievement. 16. A. talent B. difficulty C. trouble D. luck 17. A. tired B. ashamed C. afraid D. proud 18. A. joy B. surprise C. regret D. satisfaction 19. A. simpler B. uglier C. more expensive D. more beautiful 20. A. excitement B. shame C. illness D. cold 21. A. melted B. jumped C. blew D. kept 22. A. reading B. practising C. teaching D. waiting 23. A. heavy B. brave C. humble D. clever 24. A. old B. new C. public D. famous 25. A. finally B. hardly C. quickly D. suddenly 【答案】ADBDB ABCAA 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述书法家柳公权年少练字小有成就后骄傲自满，偶遇无臂老人用脚趾写字技艺高超，深受触动改掉傲气、潜心苦练，最终成为书法大家的故事，告诉我们做人要谦逊、勤学苦练才能成功。 16. 句意：在年少时，他就在毛笔写字方面展现出极高天赋。 talent 天赋；difficulty 困难；trouble 麻烦；luck 运气。根据后文他字迹工整有力、远超同龄孩子，能看出写字很有天赋，故选 A。 17. 句意：人们经常夸奖他，慢慢地柳公权开始变得十分骄傲。 tired 疲惫的；ashamed 羞愧的；afraid 害怕的；proud 骄傲的。后文写到他自以为已经是大师、不再刻苦练习，说明被夸赞后心生骄傲，故选 D。 18. 句意：令他十分惊讶的是，这位老人在用脚趾在地上写字。 joy 开心；surprise 惊讶；regret 后悔；satisfaction 满足。无臂老人用脚趾写字是反常的事情，因此柳公权非常吃惊，故选 B。 19. 句意：更令人惊叹的是，老人写的字比柳公权自己写的更加优美生动。 simpler 更简单；uglier 更丑；more expensive 更昂贵；more beautiful 更优美。前文夸赞老人写字令人惊叹，说明字迹更好看优美，故选 D。 20. 句意：柳公权羞愧得满脸通红。 excitement 兴奋；shame 羞愧；illness 疾病；cold 寒冷。自己双手写字却比不上无臂老人用脚趾书写，内心感到羞愧，故选 B。 21. 句意：他所有的傲气都消散了。 melted 消散、融化；jumped 跳跃；blew 吹；kept 保持。见识老人高超技艺后，之前的骄傲慢慢消失，melt away 为固定搭配表示消散，故选 A。 22. 句意：我没有秘诀，我只是从未停止练习。 reading 阅读；practising 练习；teaching 教学；waiting 等待。书法靠日复一日练习练成，老人靠不停练字练就本领，故选 B。 23. 句意：真正的本领来自无尽的练习和一颗谦逊的心。 heavy 沉重的；brave 勇敢的；humble 谦逊的；clever 聪明的。全文主旨是不能骄傲、保持谦逊，因此此处指谦逊之心，故选 C。 24. 句意：他扔掉了之前所有的旧作品，从头开始练习。 old 旧的；new 新的；public 公共的；famous 著名的。决心从头苦练，舍弃从前的作品，从零起步，故选 A。 25. 句意：长年的谦逊与刻苦努力最终得到了回报。 finally 最终；hardly 几乎不；quickly 快速地；suddenly 突然。经过常年努力之后，他最终成为著名书法家，finally 符合时间逻辑，故选 A。 九、阅读理解 A Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany, in 1879. His early life was not like that of a typical “smart kid.” Unlike other children, he learned to speak later than usual, and in traditional classrooms, he often seemed not to pay attention—some teachers even thought he might not be very smart. But deep down, he was extremely curious about how the universe works, and this curiosity would later lead him to make amazing scientific discoveries. When he grew up, Einstein became one of the most influential theoretical physicists in history. His most important work is the Theory of Relativity (相对论), which completely changed how we understand space, time, and gravity. This theory has two main parts: the Special Theory of Relativity (for objects moving at a constant (不变的) speed without gravity) and the General Theory of Relativity (for objects speeding up or under the influence of gravity). A key equation (公式) from this theory is E=mc²—it clearly shows that energy (E) and mass (m) are connected, with (c) being the speed of light in a vacuum (真空). This idea later helped develop nuclear physics. Besides his scientific achievements, Einstein was also a person who spoke up for peace and human rights. In the 1930s, when the Nazi government took power in Germany, Einstein had to leave the country. This was because he was Jewish, and the Nazis hated Jewish people. He moved to the United States and took a job at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. There, he kept doing important scientific research until the end of his career. Even though the Theory of Relativity made Einstein very famous, he won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics not for this theory (some scientists still discussed it at that time) but for explaining the photoelectric effect (光电效应). This effect happens when light of a certain type pushes electrons (电子) out of a material. His explanation provided key proof that light can act like tiny particles (粒子), and this helped build the basis for quantum mechanics (量子力学). In his free time, Einstein found comfort and new ideas in music. He was good at playing the violin and often played chamber music with friends. He thought music and science were connected—both needed people to find patterns and explore things we don’t yet understand. Einstein died in 1955 when he was 76 years old, but his ideas still matter today. His theories help guide modern physics, from studying black holes to making GPS (the system that helps us find places) work better. Also, his fight for peace still encourages scientists and activists all over the world. 1. What does the author want to show by mentioning “some teachers even thought he might not be very smart” in Einstein’s early life? A. Teachers in the past were not good at judging students. B. Einstein’s talents were not easy to see when he was young. C. Einstein didn’t work hard in his early school years. D. Traditional classrooms were not suitable for all students. 2. Which part of Einstein’s work helped develop nuclear physics? A. The photoelectric effect. B. The equation E=mc² from the Theory of Relativity. C. His research on quantum mechanics. D. His study of black holes. 3. What can we infer from the fact that Einstein won the Nobel Prize for the photoelectric effect instead of the Theory of Relativity? A. The photoelectric effect was easier to understand. B. The Theory of Relativity was not true at that time. C. Scientific achievements need time to be accepted. D. The Nobel Committee preferred practical research. 4. Why does the author mention “GPS” when talking about Einstein’s legacy? A. To show Einstein invented GPS technology. B. To give an example of how Einstein’s theories are used today. C. To explain what modern physics focuses on. D. To prove GPS is more important than black hole research. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 【解析】本文通过爱因斯坦的成长经历、科学贡献及社会活动，展现了他如何从“不被看好的孩子”成为改变世界的科学家，并强调其理论对现代科技与人类思想的深远影响。 1. 推理判断题。根据“His early life was not like that of a typical ‘smart kid.’…some teachers even thought he might not be very smart”可知，作者提到爱因斯坦幼年时老师认为他“不聪明”，是为了对比他后来的伟大成就，说明他的天赋在童年时期未被察觉。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“A key equation from this theory is E=mc²…This idea later helped develop nuclear physics.”可知，方程 E=mc² 揭示了质量与能量的关系，推动了核物理发展。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据“Even though the Theory of Relativity made Einstein very famous, he won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics not for this theory (some scientists still discussed it at that time) but for explaining the photoelectric effect”可知，爱因斯坦因光电效应而非相对论获奖，原因是相对论在当时仍有争议，可见科学成就需要时间被接受。故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据“His theories help guide modern physics, from studying black holes to making GPS (the system that helps us find places) work better.”可知，作者提到GPS是为了举例说明爱因斯坦理论的现代应用。故选B。 B There was a girl who read every book she could get her hands on, and who was dying to share what she learned with the world. She was Wang Zhenyi (1768—1797), a famous woman scientist and poet from the Qing dynasty. In the late 1700s, women were usually expected to cook, clean, and have babies. However, when Zhenyi was young, she wanted to learn everything. Her grandfather was once an official and had a collection of over 75 bookshelves. He was her first teacher in astronomy. Her father studied medical science and was the person who taught her medicine, geography, and math. Her grandmother was her teacher of poetry. Zhenyi learned a lot from her family, but that didn’t mean she just had her nose in a book. While Chinese scientists and philosophers had studied stars for ages, Zhenyi did something quite interesting and new. She used her skills and math knowledge to explain what was happening in the sky. When she was 23, to explain how solar and lunar eclipse (日食月食) happened, Zhenyi used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the sun and a round mirror to act as the moon. She moved the mirror around the table under the light and showed that when the sun, moon, and Earth were on a line, sunlight was stopped and so eclipse happened. At the age of 16, Zhenyi journeyed throughout the country with his father. As she did, she saw not only the beauty, but also the problems of her country—the rich were getting richer and paid the poor little attention. Zhenyi also noticed that women were often hidden away from the outside world, working at home for the family. She wanted to capture it all—each moment of her travels. She wanted other people to see, to know, to understand, so she wrote poems and showed them to the public. Zhenyi got married at the age of 25 and continued to work as an astronomer and poet but died young 4 years later. In total, Wang Zhenyi wrote more than 12 books about science and poems. While many of her writings have been lost, her helps to science continue to be studied today. And in 1994, scientists even named a crater on Venus (金星陨石坑) after her! As she famously wrote in one of her poems, “Do you not believe, daughters can also be heroic?” 1. What is the passage mainly about? A. The problem Wang Zhenyi found in her travel. B. The difficulties Wang Zhenyi faced in her life. C. The general details of Wang Zhenyi’s life story. D. The important discoveries made by Wang Zhenyi. 2. Which of the following best describes Wang’ family? A. Strict but interesting. B. Kind but uneducated. C. Helpful and hardworking. D. Supportive and open-minded. 3. Why was the journey with her father important to Wang Zhenyi? A. It allowed her to learn more about society. B. It helped her do better her study in stars. C. It got her to experience life of ordinary people. D. It let her believe that daughters can also be heroic. 4. What is the correct order for the following events from Wang’s life? a. She owned a crater named after her on Venus. b. She traveled nationwide and recorded what she saw. c. She showed the reason of eclipses using household objects. d. She received education in astronomy, medicine, and poetry. e. She got married and continued in scientific research and poetry. A. d-c-b-e-a B. d-b-c-e-a C. a-e-b-d-c D. a-c-b-d-e 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 【解析】本文是一篇人物传记，主要讲述了清朝女科学家兼诗人王贞仪的生平故事，包括她的家庭背景、学术成就、社会观察及文学创作。 1. 主旨大意题。文章围绕王贞仪的一生展开，从她的家庭、学习、旅行、婚姻到成就等方面进行介绍，“The general details of Wang Zhenyi’s life story 最贴合。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Her grandfather was once an official and had a collection of over 75 bookshelves. He was her first teacher in astronomy. Her father studied medical science and was the person who taught her medicine, geography, and math. Her grandmother was her teacher of poetry.可知，家庭支持她学习不同知识，思想开明。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“As she did, she saw not only the beauty, but also the problems of her country - the rich were getting richer and paid the poor little attention. Zhenyi also noticed that women were often hidden away from the outside world, working at home for the family.可知，旅行让她了解社会。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。 d：根据第二段可知她先从家人处接受天文学、医学、诗歌等教育；b：根据第四段“At the age of 16, Zhenyi journeyed throughout the country with his father.可知，16岁时，王贞仪和父亲周游全国； c：根据第三段“When she was 23, to explain how solar and lunar eclipse (日食月食) happened, Zhenyi used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the sun and a round mirror to act as the moon.可知，23岁用家具演示月食” ；e：根据第五段 “Zhenyi got married at the age of 25 and continued to work as an astronomer and poet...可知，王贞仪25岁结婚，继续研究；a：根据第五段“And in 1994, scientists even named a crater on Venus (金星陨石坑) after her!可知，1994年，科学家们甚至以她的名字命名了金星上的一个陨石坑。 顺序为d-b-c-e-a。故选B。 C阅读还原 A Guide to Personal Growth No matter who you are or where you live, the most important thing is what kind of person you are. 1 Among them, the following four qualities (品质) are the most helpful ones. Have a Positive Attitude (态度) Life is not always a bed of roses. When facing difficulties, don’t lose heart. Do you know what can help you manage to deal with difficulties? It’s your attitude. Cheer up! 2 When you smile at it, it will also smile at you. Keep Improving Yourself Maybe you are very busy now. Every day you have so many things to do that you can’t find much time to improve yourself. 3 Don’t be too confident in yourself, or you will fall behind others. Keeping improving yourself can help you succeed in the future. Be Creative In modern society, people with creative thinking are most needed. Being creative means thinking up new ideas and having a creative imagination. 4 Be Honest Honesty (诚实) is very important. 5 The one who keeps his word is popular everywhere. As long as you have these qualities mentioned above, you will be excellent and make a difference to the world. Albert Einstein once said, “Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.” A. Life is like a mirror. B. Nobody likes a person who always tells lies. C. Those who are creative have more choices in their life. D. However, the world around you is changing all the time. E. There are many good qualities that can make you better in your life. 【答案】1. E 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 【解析】本文主要讲解了使人受益一生的几个重要品质。 1. 根据“Among them, the following qualities (品质) are the most helpful ones”可知，此处介绍的内容应该与qualities“品质”有关。选项E“在你的生活中，有很多好的品质可以让你受益匪浅。”符合语境。故选E。 2. 根据“When you smile at it, it will also smile at you.”可知，此处指的应该是镜子。对镜子笑，它也同样会对你笑。选项A“生活就像一面镜子。”符合语境。故选A。 3. 根据“Every day you have so many things to do that you can’t find much time to improve yourself”和“Don’t be too confident in yourself, or you will fall behind others.”可知，此处介绍的是情况会发生变化，你可能现在满意自己的情况，但是如果你不持续学习，就会落后别人。选项D“然而，你周围的世界一直在变化。”符合语境。故选D。 4. 根据“Being creative means thinking up new ideas and having a creative imagination”可知，此处介绍的内容与创造力有关。选项C“那些有创造力的人在生活中有更多的选择。”符合语境。故选C。 5. 根据“Honesty (诚实) is very important”可知，此处介绍的是与诚信相关的内容。选项B“没有人喜欢总是说谎的人。”符合语境。故选B。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $