第04讲 Unit 1 Focusing culture（考点精讲精练） 新九年级英语暑假预习讲义新教材沪教版

第04 Unit1 Focusing on culture （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 学习目标导航 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 能够谈论一些伟人以及他们的成就。 理解伟人如何推动社会发展。分析人们成为伟人的原因。 学习重点和难点 理解伟人如何推动社会发展。分析人们成为伟人的原因 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【重点单词】再背诵 1.outstanding adj.优秀 的；杰出的 【变形】stand out 脱颖而出,出众 2.old-fashioned adj. 陈旧的；过时的 3.classical adj.古典的; 经典的 【变形】classic优秀的、典型的 4.ordinary adj.普通的； 平凡的 5.lamp n.灯 6.poet n.诗人 【变形】poem n. 诗（可数） poetry n. 诗歌（总称） 7.*convinced adj.坚信的；确信的 【变形】convincing可信的（形容物） 8.*philosopher n.哲学家 【变形】philosophy n. 哲学 9.dramatist n.剧作家 【变形】drama n. 戏剧；剧本 dramatic adj. 戏剧的；引人注目 10.judgement n.看法,意见,评价 【变形】judge v. 判断；评判；审判　 judge n. 法官；裁判 11.*evaluation n.评价；评估 12.consider v.认为；觉得 【变形】consideration n. 考虑；斟酌 13.background n.背景 14. significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的 【变形】sign n. 符号；迹象 signal n. 信号 v. 发信号 significance n. 重要性；意义 15.milestone n.重要事件; 里程碑 16.manage v.完成（困难的事） 【变形】management n. 管理；管理层 manager n. 经理；管理者 【搭配】manage to do sth 设法做成某事 17.impact n.巨大影响； 强大作用 【搭配】have an impact on… 对…… 产生影响 【同义词】influence（侧重潜移默化的影响） effect（影响，结果、效应） 18.truth n.真理 【变形】true adj. 真实的 truly adv. 真正地；真诚地 trust v./n. 信任（同源） 19.concentrated adj.全神 贯注的；全力以赴的 【搭配】be concentrated on… 专心于…… concentrate on doing sth 专心做某事 20.belief n.相信 【变形】believe v. 相信 believable adj. 可信的 教材解析 The taste of truth is sweet Under the dim(昏暗的)light of an oil lamp, a man sat at a desk in an old house. With a writing brush in his hand, he was busy writing on a piece of paper. It was early spring and the air was still cold. His hands were numb(麻木的), but the task was so important that he couldn't stop working. "It's going to take me weeks," she said to himself. Several days passed, and he always worked deep into the night. His mother was worried about his health, and she sometimes brought him some snacks at night. Then one day, his mother came again. "I have made some zongzi for you!" she said. "They taste better when dipped in the brown sugar sauce. I hope you'll enjoy them. And go to bed early!" Under the dim(昏暗的)light of an oil lamp, a man sat at a desk in an old house. With a writing brush in his hand, he was busy writing on a piece of paper. It was early spring and the air was still cold. His hands were numb(麻木的), but the task was so important that he couldn't stop working. "It's going to take me weeks," she said to himself. Several days passed, and he always worked deep into the night. His mother was worried about his health, and she sometimes brought him some snacks at night. Then one day, his mother came again. "I have made some zongzi for you!" she said. "They taste better when dipped in the brown sugar sauce. I hope you'll enjoy them. And go to bed early!" In 1920,in his home village in Zhejiang Province, Chen Wangdao made the first Chinese translation of The Communist Manifesto. His strong belief in Marxism helped him complete the difficult translation work. The book inspired many of the early communist pioneers to fight for a better future for the people. 阅读理解 Read the passage and judge the sentences true or false. 1.Chen Wangdao thought it would take him quite a long time to finish his work. ( ) 2.His mother came to check on him and brought food many times. ( ) 3.Chen felt full so he did not eat the zongzi right away. ( ) 4.He found he had eaten ink as soon as he took the first bite. ( ) 5.The story happened in Chen’s hometown in Zhejiang Province. ( ) 6.His love for traditional Chinese culture supported him to finish the translation. ( ) 7.The translation of the book encouraged many early revolutionaries. ( ) 【答案】TTFFTFT 2 Answer the questions below with the information from the story on page 14. (1)What were Chen Wangdao's working conditions like? He worked in an old house under a dim oil lamp. It was cold and his hands even went numb. (2)Why did Chen Wangdao always work deep into the night? Because the task was very important and it would take him weeks to finish it. (3)Why didn't Chen Wangdao realize he was eating ink? Because he was totally concentrated on translating the book. (4)Where and when did Chen Wangdao finish the first Chinese translation of The Communist Manifesto? He finished it in his home village in Zhejiang Province in 1920. (5)What helped Chen Wangdao finish the hard translation work? His strong belief in Marxism helped him. （2）重点难点句子讲解 1.With a writing brush in his hand, he was busy writing on a piece of paper. 他手里握着毛笔，正忙着在一张纸上书写。 With a writing brush in his hand with 复合结构（中考高频：with + 宾语 + 补足语） with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 / 现在分词，表伴随状态。 1. He fell asleep with the window open.（+ 形容词） 他开着窗户睡着了。 2. The boy ran out with a smile on his face.（+ 介词短语） 男孩面带微笑跑了出去。 be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事（后接动词 ing） be busy with sth. 忙于某事（后接名词 / 名词短语） He is busy writing on the paper.他正忙着在纸上写字。 He is busy with his homework.他忙于写作业。 2. He felt a bit hungry, so he reached for a zongzi, dipped it in, and then ate it 他觉得有点饿，于是伸手拿起一个粽子，蘸了蘸酱汁便吃了下去。 reach ①：到达（地点），后直接加地点，不加介词 in/at/to We reach school at 7:00. 我们七点到校。 ②：够到、碰到（某物），伸手就够着了 Can you reach the apple on the tree? 你能够到树上的苹果吗？ reach for 伸手去拿 / 去够（不一定拿到手，强调伸手动作） 核心区别： reach sth：够到（结果）；reach for sth：伸手去够（动作） She reached for her pen but failed. 她伸手去够钢笔，但没拿到。 对比辨析 He reached the cup. 他够到了杯子。（拿到） He reached for the cup. 他伸手去拿杯子。（伸手动作，未知是否拿到） 3.It is said that he was so concentrated on translating The Communist Manifesto that he didn't realize he was eating ink据说他全神贯注翻译《共产党宣言》，竟没发觉自己在蘸墨吃粽子。 It is said that… 据说…… It is said that he is good at translating books. 据说他擅长译书。 变形 sb be said to do sth（同义转换） It is said that he works hard.= He is said to work hard. 据说他学习刻苦。 同类高频固定句型（It + be + 过去分词 + that） It is reported that… 据报道…… It is known that… 众所周知…… It is believed that… 人们相信…… It is hoped that… 人们希望…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… be concentrated on + 名词 /doing sth 专心于、全神贯注做某事 concentrate on 集中注意力去做 用 concentrate on（动作） 用 be concentrated on（状态）两句句意基本同义，可以互换。 He was concentrated on translating the book. 他全身心投入翻译这本书。 She is concentrated on her homework. 她专心写作业。 focus on sth/doing sth；be focused on（中考高频，最常用替换） He is focused on translating.= He is concentrated on translating. pay attention to doing sth 集中注意力、留心 Please pay attention to listening carefully. 4. The book inspired many of the early communist pioneers to fight for a better future for the people. 这本书激励了大批早期共产主义先驱，为人民谋求美好的未来而奋斗。 pioneer先驱；开拓者；倡导者 He is a pioneer of early communist movement.他是早期共产主义运动的先驱。She was a pioneer in women's education.她是女子教育领域的先驱。 作动词 v. 开拓；开创；首创 pioneer sth /pioneer in doing sth They pioneered this new kind of technology. 他们开创了这项新技术。 fight for + 名词：为…… 而奋斗 / 争取 1. fight for：为目标、理想、人奋斗 2. fight against：对抗、反抗（坏人 / 困难 / 疾病） They fight for a better future. 他们为美好的未来奋斗。 Early pioneers fought for people's happiness. 早期先驱们为人民的幸福而奋斗。 拓展 fight with sb ① 和某人并肩作战；② 和某人打架 过关练习 一、短语翻译 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.__________________在书桌旁 2. __________________手里拿着…… 3. __________________忙于做某事 4. __________________深夜；直到深夜 5. __________________担心 6. __________________感觉有点饿 7. __________________伸手去拿 8. __________________为…… 奋斗 9. __________________据说 10. __________________专心于；全神贯注于 【答案】1.at a desk 2.With…in his hand 3.be busy doing 4.deep into the night 5.be worried about 6.feel a bit hungry 7.reached for 8. fight for 9.It is said 10.be concentrated on 一、单项选择 1.The little girl stood there, _______ tears in her eyes. A. For B. At C. With D. Of 【答案】C 【解析】句意：小女孩站在那里，眼里含着泪水。with + 名词 (tears)+ 介词短语 (in her eyes) 作伴随状语，表示伴随状态；for/at/of 无此用法，因此选 C。 2. As a _______ of new art, he created many special paintings. A. pioneer　 B. waiter　 C. pilot　 D. stranger 【答案】A 【解析】句意：作为新艺术的开拓者，他创作了许多独特的画作。pioneer 指开拓者、先锋；waiter 服务员，pilot 飞行员，stranger 陌生人。依据开创新式艺术的句意，答案选 A。 3. It _______ us about an hour to finish the difficult task yesterday. A. spent　 B. paid　 C. took 　D. cost 【答案】C 【解析】句意：昨天我们花费大约一小时完成这项艰巨的任务。固定句型 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 表示花费时间做某事；spend、pay 的主语必须是人；cost 侧重某物花费金钱。本句 it 作形式主语，符合 take 用法，答案选 C。 4. She tried many times and finally _______ to pass the important exam. A. planned　 B. prepared C. started　 D. managed　 【答案】D 【解析】句意：她尝试了很多次，最后成功通过了这场重要的考试。manage to do 表示经过努力顺利做成某事；plan 计划，start 开始，prepare 准备，都没有 “成功做成” 的含义。根据前文多次尝试，此处表示最终成功，故选 D。 5. It is a _______ moment in his life when he became a famous artist. A. common　 B. simple　 　C. significant D. private 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他成为知名艺术家是人生中意义重大的时刻。significant 意为意义重大的；common 普通的，simple 简单的，private 私人的。结合后文成名的关键节点，这件事十分重要，只有 significant 符合句意，答案选 C。 6. His great inventions have a far-reaching _______ on people’s daily life. A. message　 B. impact　 C. secret　 D. habit 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他伟大的发明对人们的日常生活有着深远的影响。impact 意为影响，have an impact on 是固定搭配，表示对…… 产生影响；message 信息，secret 秘密，habit 习惯，都无法和 on 构成该固定搭配且语义不符，答案选 B。 7. He _______ on his study and got good grades in the final exam. A. concentrated　 B. depended　 C. carried　 D. agreed 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他专心投入学习，在期末考试取得了优异成绩。concentrate on 是固定短语，意为专心于；depend on 依靠，carry on 继续，agree on 达成一致。根据努力学习取得好成绩的语境，选用 concentrated，答案选 A。 8. She has a strong _______ in her dream and never gives up. A. secret　 B. memory　 C. rule　 D. belief 【答案】D 【解析】句意：她坚定地怀揣梦想，从不放弃。belief 表示信仰、信念；secret 秘密，rule 规则，memory 记忆。have a belief in 是固定搭配，意为坚信……，贴合语境，故选 D。 9. The little boy stood on tiptoe to _______ the book on the high shelf. A. care for　　 B. ask for　 C. reach for D. leave for 【答案】A 【解析】句意：小男孩踮起脚尖伸手去够高架上的书。reach for 伸手去拿；ask for 索要，care for 照顾，leave for 动身前往。踮脚是为了伸手拿物品，故选 A。 10. Before writing the article, you need to learn about the writer’s _______ first. A. background　 B. habit　 C. hobby　 D. secret 【答案】A 【解析】句意：写文章之前，你需要先了解作者的生平背景。background 意为背景、出身经历；habit 习惯，hobby 爱好，secret 秘密。结合读文前要了解作者相关背景的语境，答案选 A。 二、根据首字母提示完成单词 1.Our teacher gives us a small t______ to collect useful information. 2. His great story i______ us to study harder for our dreams. 3. This is a s______ event that changes people’s life greatly. 4. With hard work, he m______ to finish all the work last night. 5. The great book has a big i______ on people’s ideas. 6. His strong b______ in truth helps him overcome lots of difficulties. 7. You need to know the b______ of the story to understand it well. 8. When you are h______, food will taste much better. 9. After a short rest, they c______ to finish their important work. 10. There are s______ old photos about the great man on the desk. 【答案】1.task 2.inspires 3.significant 4.managed 5.impact 6.belief 7.background 8.hungry 9.continue 10.several 三、用词的适当形式填空 1. He spent years looking for the t______（true）behind the history story. 2. He is busy _________(translate) the great book. 3. He managed _______( finish) translating the book in a small room. 4. The discovery has great s________ in Chinese history.(significant) 5. People’s ________ (believe)makes them stick to their dreams. 6. As a great ________(school), he devoted all his time to study. 7. His _________(translate) of the great book has a great influence on China 8. We should base our __________(judge)on facts and truth. 9. The famous _______ shares many______ stories about pursuing truth.(educate) 10. When she ________(ask), she always talks about the sweet truth. =When _______(ask), she always talks about the sweet truth. 【答案】1.truth 2.translating 3.to finish 4.significance 5.belief 6.scholar 7.translation 8.judgement 9.educator educational 10.is asked asked 4、 完成句子 1.身边堆满书籍，这位科学家正忙着做研究。 _______ many books ______ _____, the scientist _____ ____ ____research. 2.他工作到深夜，感到有点疲惫。 He worked ______ _____ _____night and felt _____ ____ tired 3.他伸手去拿书本，惊讶地发现里面有珍贵资料。 He ____ _____the book and ____ _____ ____find valuable information inside. 4.他全神贯注于这本重要书籍的翻译工作。 He _____ _____ ______translating the important book. 5.据说这位伟人一生都在为真理而奋斗。 It ____ _____ that the great man _______ ____ truth all his life. 【答案】1.With around him is busy doing 2.deep into night a bit 3.reaches for is surprised to 4.is concentrated on 5.is said fought for 五、短文填空 A短文填词 Dr. Li is a respectable scientist who devotes years to exploring the 1.t______ of traditional herbal medicine. His research will make a great 2.i______ on modern medical development. He holds a strong 3.b______ that natural plants can help cure many common illnesses. During research, he stays 4.c________ on experiments in the lab from early morning till midnight. With limited lab equipment, he has to manage all complex experiments by himself. Some colleagues once 5.c_______ his research direction pointless and advised him to switch to popular fields. Those discouraging words never beat him. The spirit of great medical pioneers deeply 6.i______ him to hold on. After a short break from a small injury, he decides to 7.c________ his unfinished experiments as planned. He carefully records every piece of data and repeats tests again and again. Years later, his research gets official recognition. His experience tells young learners that dreams need lasting devotion. Never give up easily when facing doubts or hardships. 【答案】1.truth 2. impact 3.belief 4.concentrated 5.considered 6.inspire 7.continue B 语法填空 China recently rolled out two new guidelines for AI-based education. They are designed for primary and secondary schools across the country. The first guideline aims to set up a scientific AI-based education system. For primary school students, the focus is on helping them develop ___1___ interest in AI. In middle schools, students should learn more about 2 AI works and its basic uses. High schools are expected to teach students to make 3 (create) use of AI. The second guideline focuses on the practical usage of AI in schools. For example, it stresses that primary school students should not use generative (生成式的) AI tools to do homework on their own. Instead, they are encouraged to work out problems by 4 (they). Depending too much 5 such tools might stop them ____6_____(think) for themselves. For teachers, the guidelines make it clear that their teaching role is not to be replaced by AI. They are tasked with helping students learn to use AI effectively. For example, they can instruct students to study the flaws (缺陷) of AI-generated content 7 (improve) their thinking abilities. In addition, teachers 8 (not allow) to use AI to grade students’ homework or share students’ personal information with AI tools. And they should not use AI tools to answer students’ questions. As AI plays a 9 (big) role in school education than before, these guidelines set a clear direction for the development of AI education. We hope China 10 (lead) the way in AI education and prepare young people for a future. 【答案】1. an 2. how 3. creative 4. themselves 5. on 6. thinking 7. to improve 8. are not allowed 9. bigger 10. will lead 【解析】本文介绍了中国新近出台的两项面向全国中小学的人工智能教育新指南，涵盖不同学段的AI教学目标、AI工具使用规范及教师角色要求等内容。 【解析】1.句意：对于小学生而言，重点在于帮他们培养一种人工智能方面的兴趣。develop an interest in… 对…… 产生 / 培养兴趣interest 此处音标 /ˈɪntrəst/，元音音素开头，不定冠词用 an，不用 a。 2. 句意：在中学，学生应更多地了解人工智能如何运作及其基本用途。根据句子结构，此处为宾语从句，表达“方式、如何”的含义，应用连接词how。 3. 句意：高中阶段预计会教授学生创造性地使用人工智能。空格处修饰名词use，需用形容词作定语，create的形容词形式是creative。 4. 句意：相反，他们被鼓励独自解决问题。根据固定搭配by oneself（独自、靠自己），此处指代小学生，对应的反身代词是themselves。 5. 句意：过度依赖这类工具可能会阻碍他们独立思考。根据固定搭配depend on（依赖、依靠），此处需填入介词on。 6. 句意：过度依赖这类工具可能会阻碍他们独立思考。stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事，from 可省略，后面必须接动名词，所以 think 变为 thinking。 7. 句意：例如，他们可以引导学生研究AI生成内容的缺陷，以提升自身的思维能力。空格处表示动作的目的，需用动词不定式作目的状语，故用to improve。 8. 句意：此外，教师不被允许使用AI批改学生作业，或向AI工具分享学生的个人信息。根据语境，teachers与allow之间为被动关系，且句子为一般现在时，一般现在时被动语态的否定形式是are not allowed。 9. 句意：随着AI在学校教育中发挥比以往更重要的作用，这些指南为 AI 教育的发展指明了清晰的方向。根据空格后的than before（比以前），此处需用形容词的比较级，big的比较级是bigger。 10. 句意：我们希望中国将在AI教育领域起到带头作用，为年轻人的未来做好准备。根据语境，hope后的宾语从句描述对未来的期望，需用一般将来时will lead。 六、语法选择 Beth and Dan would never forget the day their new teacher walked in—Mr. Arty, a robot. Mr. Arty 1 solve every maths problem perfectly. 2 soon they found that Mr. Arty had no feelings at all. Yes, he was just a machine. One morning, when Beth finished 3 a wonderful English article, she showed it to Mr. Arty 4 . “This article contains 320 words, and there 5 still some mistakes,” Mr. Arty commented coldly. He didn’t say 6 nice at all. Later Dan was nervous before giving a speech in history class. “Your heart rate is 115 beats per minute,” Mr. Arty added. He never asked 7 Dan felt okay. All students felt sad about Mr. Arty’s coldness. They wanted to change it. “Let’s help him become a real teacher,” Beth said. And they searched for ways to improve the robot. Finally they decided 8 new instructions into Mr. Arty’s system and trained the robot with 9 students. The next day, Beth raised her hand. “Mr. Arty, could you say ‘good try’ when we make mistakes?” Mr. Arty accepted it and the request 10 into the computer system. The next class, Dan purposely gave a wrong answer. To 11 surprise, Mr. Arty said, “Good try, Dan.” Dan tried again and got it right. Mr. Arty’s screen showed 12 smiling face. And for a moment, Mr. Arty seemed more 13 a human. Day by day, thanks to the instructions his students had given him, Mr. Arty could keep encouraging students to try 14 they made it. Mr. Arty is still a robot, but he is much 15 than before. His students help build his “heart”—the kindness in his program. 1. A. could B. should C. must D. might 2. A. And B. So C. Or D. But 3. A. write B. to write C. written D. writing 4. A. excited B. exciting C. excitedly D. excitement 5. A. is B. are C. was D. were 6. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 7. A. when B. what C. whether D. why 8. A. add B. to add C. adding D. to adding 9. A. another B. other C. others D. the others 10. A. enter B. entered C. is entered D. was entered 11. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 12. A. a B. an C. the D. / 13. A. of B. for C. like D. with 14. A. until B. once C. because D. if 15. A. warm B. warmer C. warmest D. the warmest 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B 【解析】本文讲述了机器人老师Mr. Arty起初冰冷机械，学生们通过给他添加人性化指令，让他学会了鼓励学生，变得温暖的故事。 【解析】1. 句意：Mr. Arty能完美地解决每一道数学题。 根据语境，机器人老师具备解题的能力，could表示“能够”，符合语境，should“应该”、must“必须”、might“可能”均不符。 2. 句意：但很快他们发现Mr. Arty完全没有感情。 前文提到机器人老师解题完美，后文说他没有感情，前后是转折关系，But符合语境，And表并列、So表结果、Or表选择，均不符。 3. 句意：一天早上，Beth写完一篇很棒的英语文章后，兴奋地拿给Mr. Arty看。 固定搭配finish doing sth.表示“完成做某事”，writing符合语境，write/to write/written均不符合搭配。 4. 句意：一天早上，Beth写完一篇很棒的英语文章后，兴奋地拿给Mr. Arty看。 此处修饰动词showed，需要用副词，excitedly符合语境，excited/exciting是形容词，excitement是名词，均不符。 5. 句意：“这篇文章有320个单词，还有一些错误。”，Mr. Arty冷冷地评论道。 there be句型中主语some mistakes是复数，且句子时态为一般现在时，are符合语境，is/was/were均不符。 6. 句意：他一点好话都没说。 否定句中表示“任何事物”用anything，符合语境，something用于肯定句，nothing表示“没有事物”，everything表示“一切事物”，均不符。 7. 句意：他从不问Dan是否感觉还好。 whether表示“是否”，符合语境，when“什么时候”、what“什么”、why“为什么”均不符。 8. 句意：最后他们决定给Mr. Arty的系统添加新指令，并用其他学生来训练这个机器人。 固定搭配decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”，to add符合语境，add/adding/to adding均不符合搭配。 9. 句意：最后他们决定给Mr. Arty的系统添加新指令，并用其他学生来训练这个机器人。 other后接复数名词，表示“其他的”，符合语境，another后接单数名词，others和the others后不接名词，均不符。 10. 句意：Mr. Arty接受了这个请求，并且这个请求被输入了计算机系统。 主语the request和enter是被动关系，且句子时态为一般过去时，was entered符合语境，enter/entered/is entered均不符。 11. 句意：令他惊讶的是，Mr. Arty说：“Dan，做得不错。” 固定搭配to one's surprise表示“令某人惊讶的是”，his符合语境，he/him/himself均不符合搭配。 12. 句意：Mr. Arty的屏幕上出现了一个笑脸。 smiling是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a，符合语境，an/the/均不符。 13. 句意：那一刻，Mr. Arty看起来更像一个人了。 固定搭配seem like表示“看起来像”，like符合语境，of/for/with均不符合搭配。 14. 句意：日复一日，多亏了学生们给他的指令，Mr. Arty能够一直鼓励学生尝试，直到他们成功。 until表示“直到”，符合语境，once“一旦”、because“因为”、if“如果”均不符。 15. 句意：Mr. Arty仍然是一个机器人，但他比以前温暖多了。 much后接形容词比较级，warmer符合语境，warm/warmest/the warmest均不符。 八、完形填空 One day, a young man came to a wise man, Socrates. He asked, “Will you please give me some suggestions on how to be 1 ?” Socrates agreed, “Walk with me.” They headed to the 2 . When they both stood in the water, Socrates pushed the young man’s head down to water. After several seconds, the young man managed to fight his way out of water, breathing in air. Socrates walked away. The young man was 3 . He looked up to Socrates a lot. How could the great man do this? The young man thought he would never turn to Socrates for 4 . However, the young man with strong wish for success visited Socrates again. Just like before, Socrates 5 the young man’s head under the water. This time, however, the young man was 6 . Before going under, he took a deep breath and held it for thirty seconds, but after coming up, he saw Socrates had already walked away. Shame again! Days passed, and the young man didn’t want to 7 , so he decided to make a final try. This time, the young man 8 knew about what would happen. He held his breath underwater for almost two minutes. He 9 for air and shouted, “Why? Why did you push my head down to water each time I asked for the secret to success?” Socrates faced the young man and said, “Son, I have tried three times to teach you. When you want to succeed as much as you want to 10 , you will be a great success.” 1. A. happy B. young C. clever D. successful 2. A. wild B. ocean C. palace D. forest 3. A. shocked B. pleased C. nervous D. peaceful 4. A. money B. advice C. protection D. information 5. A. shook B. turned C. forced D. raised 6. A. late B. dying C. ready D. proud 7. A. give up B. set off C. grow up D. move around 8. A. slowly B. exactly C. secretly D. possibly 9. A. asked B. waited C. searched D. surfaced 10. A. swim B. walk C. stand D. breathe 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. D 【解析】本文讲述一位年轻人向苏格拉底请教成功秘诀，苏格拉底三次将其头按入水中，让他领悟到“对成功的渴望需如对呼吸的渴望般强烈”的道理。 1. 句意： 一天，一个年轻人来到智者苏格拉底面前，问道：“您能给我一些关于如何变得成功的建议吗？” 根据文末年轻人的提问“Why? Why did you push my head down to water each time I asked for the secret to success?”，可知年轻人的核心诉求是询问如何成功，应选successful。 2. 句意： 他们朝大海走去。 根据后文“When they both stood in the water, Socrates pushed the young man’s head down to water.”，“stood in the water”明确限定了地点为水域，应选ocean。wild（荒野）、palace（宫殿）、forest（森林）均无水域，逻辑不通。 3. 句意： 年轻人很震惊。 根据前文“Socrates pushed the young man’s head down to water...Socrates walked away.”，苏格拉底突然将年轻人按入水中后直接离开，行为超出预期，应选shocked。 4. 句意： 年轻人想，他再也不会向苏格拉底寻求建议了。 根据文章开头“He asked, ‘Will you please give me some suggestions on how to be successful?’”，年轻人最初就是来寻求建议的，应选advice，呼应前文的suggestions。money（钱）、protection（保护）、information（信息）均与“请教建议”的语境无关，不符。 5. 句意： 和之前一样，苏格拉底强迫年轻人把头按到水下。 根据前文“Socrates pushed the young man’s head down to water.”，“Just like before”表明动作与首次一致，应选forced，对应“push”的动作。shook（摇晃）、turned（转动）、raised（抬起）均无法表达“按入水下”的含义，不符。 6. 句意： 然而这一次，年轻人是有准备的。 根据后文“Before going under, he took a deep breath and held it for thirty seconds”，年轻人提前做了呼吸准备，应选ready。 7. 句意： 几天过去了，年轻人不想放弃，于是他决定做最后一次尝试。 根据后文“so he decided to make a final try”，“final try”表明年轻人未放弃，应选give up。 8. 句意： 这一次，年轻人完全知道会发生什么。 根据前文年轻人已经历两次按头入水，对后续情况完全清楚，应选exactly，强调完全了然于心。 9. 句意： 他浮出水面呼吸空气，大喊道：“为什么？为什么每次我问成功的秘诀，你都把我的头按进水里？” 根据前文“He held his breath underwater for almost two minutes”，水下憋气后需浮出水面呼吸，应选surfaced。 10. 句意： 当你对成功的渴望，就像你对呼吸的渴望一样强烈时，你就会取得巨大的成功。 全文以“水中按头、渴望呼吸”为核心类比，此处需呼应“呼吸”这一核心意象，应选breathe。swim（游泳）、walk（走路）、stand（站立）均脱离核心语境，不符。 九、阅读理解 A 配对阅读 学校举行博物馆参观活动。左栏是五个人对中外名画的个人喜好，右栏是七幅中外名画的介绍，请你找到他们正在欣赏的作品。 1 Lucy is fond of Chinese history. She enjoys seeing the landscape (山水画) of ancient China, especially the mountains with trees, grass, houses, and paths along the river in Zhejiang province. 2 Miss Wang admires the Song-period artwork that shows the lifestyle in ancient time. She can see many kinds of activities in the countryside and cities. 3 Mr. Brown is a big fan of traditional Chinese art. He falls in love with the blue-green scenery, where many creatures, humans, and nature stay together in peace. 4 Mr. Lee likes to learn about the history behind the well-known oil painting and the famous Italian artist. He is curious about the charming woman in the picture. 5 Mandy has been to France before. She went to a famous coffee shop there. She loves seeing the painting that is based on the real place.      A. Mona Lisa, an oil painting by Leonardo da Vinci, is among the world’s most famous paintings. The painting was created in Florence, Italy in 1503. Many people think Mona Lisa’s smile is mysterious. It was the artist’s personal favorite piece of art. B. The Night Cafe is an oil painting by Vincent van Gogh. Based on a real place, he painted it in 1888 in Arles, France. In the picture, you can see outdoor tables, a street scene and the night sky. Although the painting has “night” in the title, he didn’t use the color black anywhere in the painting. C. Impression, Sunrise by Claude Monet is an extremely popular impressionist painting. It was first shown in 1874 in Paris. In the painting, you can see the early morning sun rising over the foggy harbor. The calm feeling of the scene in the picture has impressed millions of people in the world. D. Along the River during the Qingming Festival is painted by Zhang Zeduan. It shows the daily life of people from the Song period in the capital, Bianjing. The theme celebrates the festive spirit and busy street scene at the Qingming Festival. E. Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains was painted nearly 700 years ago by Huang Gongwang. It presents the painter’s image of the landscape along the Fuchun River. The painting was divided into     two parts. One part is now in Zhejiang Provincial Museum and the other part is in a museum in Taipei. F. A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains is painted by Wang Ximeng. The blue-green landscape is divided into six sections. The mountains, divided by water or connected by bridges, are very beautiful. The painting shows that humans and nature live in harmony and peace. G. Luoshen Appraisal Painting was created by Gu Kaizhi. The painting is based on Cao Zhi’s article Luoshen Appraisal. It tells a sad love story between a young man and Luoshen, the Goddess of the river Luo. The pictures are so vivid that many people love them very much. 【答案】1. E 2. D 3. F 4. A 5. B 【解析】本文根据左栏五个人对中外名画的个人喜好将右栏中的名画与之相匹配。 1. 根据空后的“Lucy is fond of Chinese history. She enjoys seeing the landscape (山水画) of ancient China, especially the mountains with trees, grass, houses, and paths along the river in Zhejiang province.”可知，露西喜欢看中国古代的风景，尤其是浙江省的山上有树、草、房子和河边的小路，E项“《富春山居图》是近700年前黄公望所作。它呈现了画家对富春江山水的描绘。这幅画分为两部分。现在，一部分在浙江省博物馆，另一部分在台北的一个博物馆。”符合。故选E。 2. 根据空后的“Miss Wang admires the Song-period artwork that shows the lifestyle in ancient time. She can see many kinds of activities in the countryside and cities.”可知，王小姐很欣赏宋代的艺术作品，D项“《清明上河图》为张择端所作。它展示了宋代人在首都汴京的日常生活。主题是庆祝清明节的节日气氛和繁忙的街景。”符合。故选D。 3. 根据空后的“Mr. Brown is a big fan of traditional Chinese art. He falls in love with the blue-green scenery, where many creatures, humans, and nature stay together in peace.”可知，布朗先生是中国传统艺术的忠实粉丝，他爱上了蓝绿色的风景，在那里，许多生物、人类和大自然和平相处，F项“《千里江山图》为王希孟所作。蓝绿色景观分为六个部分。这些山，被水分割，或者被桥连接，非常美丽。这幅画展示了人与自然和谐相处。”符合。故选F。 4. 根据空后的“Mr. Lee likes to learn about the history behind the well-known oil painting and the famous Italian artist. He is curious about the charming woman in the picture.”可知，李先生喜欢了解这位著名油画和意大利著名艺术家背后的历史，他对画中那个迷人的女人很好奇，A项“列奥纳多·达·芬奇的油画《蒙娜丽莎》是世界上最著名的画作之一。这幅画于1503年在意大利佛罗伦萨创作。许多人认为蒙娜丽莎的微笑很神秘。这是艺术家个人最喜欢的一件艺术品。”符合。故选A。 5. 根据空后的“Mandy has been to France before. She went to a famous coffee shop there. She loves seeing the painting that is based on the real place.”可知，曼迪以前去过法国，她去了那里一家著名的咖啡店，她喜欢看这幅是根据真实的地方绘制的画，B项“《夜间咖啡屋》是文森特·梵高的一幅油画。1888年，他在法国阿尔勒以一个真实的地方为原型绘制了这幅画。在照片中，你可以看到户外的桌子、街景和夜空。尽管这幅画的标题中有“夜间”，但他在画中的任何地方都没有使用黑色。”符合。故选B。 B 阅读选择 Imagine opening your history textbook and seeing Confucius, Leonardo da Vinci, or Marie Curie step out of the pages to talk to you! Thanks to artificial intelligence (AI), this dream is becoming reality in classrooms around the world. In Wuhan Gangcheng No. 4 Middle School, students ask questions to a 3D-animated Confucius (孔子). One student once asked, “Does ‘ren’ (kindness) still matter in a world full of competition?” The digital Confucius smiled and explained how kindness helps people live together peacefully. This isn’t magic—it’s AI! Using tools like Jimeng (即梦AI) and Keling (可灵AI), teachers can turn flat textbook pictures into lively characters. These AI tools add details to old paintings, make the characters move, and even let them speak. For example, Aristotle can now explain logic with hand gestures, and Li Qingzhao (李清照) can recite her poems with gentle expressions. AI isn’t just fun. It’s changing how we study. In Nanjing’s Stone Shadow Art Museum, AI turns ancient Chinese paintings into modern art styles. When visitors use a special flashlight, ink-and-wash mountains become colorful impressionist scenes. This mix of old and new helps us understand culture better. In classrooms, AI helps students learn at their own pace. A smart system can give students different learning materials based on their questions. An AI wrong-answer notebook (AI错题本) finds mistakes and makes practice plans. In a history class about the Maya civilization (玛雅文明), students explore how climate change affected cities through AI-made videos. “History isn’t just dates anymore,” says student Wu Boyu. “It’s like touching the past.” However, there are problems. Some people use AI to change history characters in bad ways. We need rules to stop this. Also, while AI helps us learn, teachers remind us not to forget the human side of learning—like sharing ideas face-to-face. Looking ahead, AI will do more. Students might use AI to understand art or create digital exhibitions. As one teacher says, “Technology isn’t the goal. It’s a way to help every student shine.” From old books to smart screens, learning is always evolving. With AI, textbook characters aren’t just words anymore—they’re friends who guide us through the amazing journey of knowledge. 1. What tools do teachers use to make textbook pictures lively? A. ChatGPT and DeepSeek. B. Jimeng and Keling. C. Photoshop and Illustrator. D. WeChat and TikTok. 2. What can the “AI wrong-answer notebook” do? A. Replace human teachers. B. Make history videos. C. Write homework for students. D. Find mistakes and create study plans. 3. Why does Wu Boyu say “History isn’t just dates anymore”? A. History books have colorful pictures now. B. History exams became much easier. C. AI makes history about a few famous people. D. AI helps students experience history vividly. 4. What does the flashlight example in Nanjing museum show? A. AI makes art exhibitions a lot brighter. B. Technology connects traditional and modern culture. C. Visitors prefer impressionist paintings to ancient paintings. D. Flashlights are essential for museum tours. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B 【解析】本文主要介绍了人工智能如何通过将教科书中的历史人物和艺术作品变得生动，从而改变学习方式，使学习更具互动性和趣味性。文章还提到了人工智能在教育中的其他应用以及潜在的问题。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Using tools like Jimeng (即梦AI) and Keling (可灵AI), teachers can turn flat textbook pictures into lively characters.”可知，教师使用的工具是即梦AI和可灵AI。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“An AI wrong-answer notebook (AI错题本) finds mistakes and makes practice plans.”可知，AI错题本的功能是发现错误并制定学习计划。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据“In a history class about the Maya civilization (玛雅文明), students explore how climate change affected cities through AI-made videos.”可推知，吴博宇说 “历史不再只是日期了”是因为在学习玛雅文明的历史课上，学生们通过人工智能制作的视频探索气候变化如何影响城市，人工智能让学生们能够生动地体验历史，而不只是学习枯燥的日期。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据“In Nanjing’s Stone Shadow Art Museum, AI turns ancient Chinese paintings into modern art styles. When visitors use a special flashlight, ink-and-wash mountains become colorful impressionist scenes.”可知，在南京的石影艺术馆，人工智能将中国古代绘画转变为现代艺术风格，当游客使用特殊手电筒时，水墨画的山变成了色彩斑斓的印象派场景，这种新旧的融合帮助我们更好地理解文化，说明科技连接了传统和现代文化。故选B。 C Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily. As “Father of Hybrid Rice”, Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to help stop people from hunger and helping to feed our country with the largest population. Wu Mengchao, the “Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery (肝胆外科)”, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years. He performed more than 16,000 operations (手术) during his life. Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time deformed his fingers, which are not in the shape of normal ones. Wu once said, “It would be my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day.” In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria (疟疾), Tu Youyou, who studies medicine, took on the job as head of a research team. She and her teammates did different kinds of experiments (试验). However, the results were not so good. Instead of giving up, they kept trying. Finally, in 1972, they made it! In 2012, at the age of 85, she received Noble Prize. Sometimes, their success was big surprise after working for a long time. The famous scientist Alexander Fleming said, “When I woke up very early on the morning of 28th September, 1928, I certainly didn’t plan to change all medicine completely by discovering the world’s first antibiotic (抗生素). But I guess that was what I did.” Some people only became successful after their deaths. Not like Pablo Picasso who became famous and very rich during his lifetime, the artist Vincent Gogh only sold one painting all through his life and that was to a friend. But he kept painting and he painted more than 2, 000 artworks in the following 10 years. Now his paintings sell for millions of pounds. One thing all these people have in common is keeping working for their goals(目标) no matter how hard they are. 1. What do Yuan Longping and Wu Mengchao have in common? A. They achieved a lot in the medical field. B. They spent all their lives serving people. C. They succeeded in solving world problems. D. They were all interested in the same hobby. 2. The underlined phrase “deformed his fingers” could mean ________ in Chinese. A. 用手手术 B. 让手指灵活 C. 使手指变形 D. 用手指挥 3. When Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, he ________. A. felt too tired to stay at home B. didn’t fully realize its importance C. knew what his success really meant D. found he would make much money 4. Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage? A. Wu Mengchao trained nearly 16, 000 doctors in the world. B. It took Tu Youyou’s team about 3 years to reach their goal. C. Pablo Picasso became famous after his death. D. Vincent Gogh painted 2,000 artworks and became rich by selling them. 5. What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A. Well begun is half done. B. Failure is the mother of success. C. Great achievements aren’t made overnight. D. One tree doesn’t make a forest. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 【导语】本文主要讲述了伟人的事迹，告诉我们伟大的成就不是天生的，所有这些伟人的共同点就是无论发生什么都坚持自己的目标。 1. 细节理解题。根据文中“Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce (减少) world hunger and helping to feed the country with the largest population.”及“It would be my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day.”可知，袁隆平和吴孟超他们一生都在为人民服务。故选B。 2. 词句猜测题。根据“He performed more than 16,000 operations (手术) during his life. Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time deformed his fingers, which are not in the shape of normal ones”可知拿刀这么长时间使他的手指变形了，故划线部分的意思是“使手指变形”，故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据“I certainly didn’t plan to change all medicine completely by discovering the world’s first antibiotic”可知他当时没有意识到通过发现世界上第一种抗生素来彻底改变所有的医学，所以当时没有意识到它的重要性。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据文中“In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria...Finally, in 1972, they made it!”可知，他们从1969年到1972年，花了三年的时间实现了目标，故选B。 5. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily.”及最后一段“One thing all these people have in common is keeping working for their goals(目标) no matter how hard they are”可知，通过介绍这些伟人的故事，告诉我们伟大的成就不是天生的，故选C。 D 阅读回答问题 Ludwig van Beethoven, one of the world’s most-loved composers, is famous for his nine symphonies (交响乐). Before he died in 1827, he began a new symphony, but never finished it. He only left behind some notes about the piece and a few “sketches” — short bits of written music. In 2019, a special team of musicians, computer scientists, and historians was formed. Their goal was to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony to celebrate his 250th birthday. The team didn’t just want to complete the symphony, they wanted to come as close as possible to producing the symphony that Beethoven meant to write. The team decided to use artificial intelligence (AI人工智能) to help finish the symphony. To train an AI, they turned every piece of Beethoven’s music to a form the computer could understand. By doing this, the AI could look for patterns (模式) in the way Beethoven wrote. They also studied Beethoven’s notes and sketches to work out where in the symphony he planned to use each little bit of music. In an early test, the team took a few minutes of music created by the AI seed on Beethoven’s sketches, and played it for Beethoven experts, musicians and reporters. No one could tell which parts had been written by Beethoven and which parts were made up by the AI. Finally, the AI had the challenge of trying to connect the little musical bits to a symphony. It took over two years, but the team was able to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony — not simply a melody (乐曲), but 40 minutes of music for a full orchestra (管弦乐队). On the night of October 9th, 2021, the piece was performed for the first time ever by the Beethoven Orchestra in Bonn, Germany. So Beethoven now has a 10th Symphony. And though Beethoven didn’t write it all, the team feels sure that the music is very much like what he might be written, if he’d had the chance. 1. What was the team’s goal? 2. What did the team do to train an AI? 3. What was the result of the team’s early test? 4. How long did it take the team to complete the 10th Symphony? 5. What do you think of the team’s work? Why do you think so? 【答案】1. To complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony. 2. They turned every piece of Beethoven’s music into a form the computer could understand. 3. No one could tell which parts had been written by Beethoven and which parts were made up by the AI. 4. Over two years. 5. It’s amazing. Because in the early test no one could tell which parts had been written by Beethoven and which parts were made up by the AI. 【分析】文章主要讲一个团队通过人工智能完成了贝多芬未能写完的第十交响曲。贝多芬并没有写完，但团队确信，如果他有机会的话，这首曲子和他的作品非常相似。 1. 根据“Their goal was to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony to celebrate his 250th birthday.”可知这个团队的目标是完成贝多芬的第十交响曲。故填To complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony. 2. 根据“To train an AI, they turned every piece of Beethoven’s music to a form the computer could understand.”可知为了训练一个人工智能，他们把贝多芬的每一段音乐都转换成电脑可以理解的形式。故填They turned every piece of Beethoven’s music into a form the computer could understand. 3. 根据“No one could tell which parts had been written by Beethoven and which parts were made up by the AI.”可知早期测试的结果是没有人知道哪些部分是贝多芬写的，哪些部分是人工智能编的。故填No one could tell which parts had been written by Beethoven and which parts were made up by the AI. 4. 根据“It took over two years, but the team was able to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony — not simply a melody, but 40 minutes of music for a full orchestra.”可知这个团队花费两年多时间完成了第十交响曲。故填Over two years. 5. 主观发挥题。答案不唯一，合理即可。故填It’s amazing. Because in the early test no one could tell which parts had been written by Beethoven and which parts were made up by the AI. $第04 Unit1 Focusing on culture （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 学习目标导航 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 能够谈论一些伟人以及他们的成就。 理解伟人如何推动社会发展。分析人们成为伟人的原因。 学习重点和难点 理解伟人如何推动社会发展。分析人们成为伟人的原因 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【重点单词】再背诵 1.____________________ adj.优秀 的；杰出的 【变形】____________________ 脱颖而出,出众 2. ____________________adj. 陈旧的；过时的 3. ____________________adj.古典的; 经典的 【变形】____________________优秀的、典型的 4. ____________________ adj.普通的； 平凡的 5. ____________________n.灯 6. ____________________ n.诗人 【变形】____________________ n. 诗（可数） ____________________ n. 诗歌（总称） 7.* ____________________adj.坚信的；确信的 【变形】____________________可信的（形容物） 8.* ____________________ n.哲学家 【变形】____________________ n. 哲学 9. ____________________ n.剧作家 【变形】____________________ n. 戏剧；剧本 ____________________ adj. 戏剧的；引人注目 10. ____________________ n.看法,意见,评价 【变形】_________________ v. 判断；评判；审判　 ____________________n. 法官；裁判 11.* ____________________ n.评价；评估 12. ____________________v.认为；觉得 【变形】____________________ n. 考虑；斟酌 13. ____________________ n.背景 14. _________________ adj.有重大意义的；显著的 【变形】____________________ n. 符号；迹象 ____________________n. 信号 v. 发信号 ____________________ n. 重要性；意义 15. ____________________ n.重要事件; 里程碑 16. ____________________ v.完成（困难的事） 【变形】____________________ n. 管理；管理层 ____________________ n. 经理；管理者 【搭配】____________________设法做成某事 17. ____________________n.巨大影响； 强大作用 【搭配】____________________对…… 产生影响 【同义词】______________（侧重潜移默化的影响） ____________________（影响，结果、效应） 18. ____________________n.真理 【变形】____________________ adj. 真实的 ____________________ adv. 真正地；真诚地 ____________________ v./n. 信任（同源） 19. ______________adj.全神 贯注的；全力以赴的 【搭配】____________________专心于…… ____________________专心做某事 20. ____________________ n.相信 【变形】____________________ v. 相信 ____________________adj. 可信的 教材解析 The taste of truth is sweet Under the dim(昏暗的)light of an oil lamp, a man sat at a desk in an old house. With a writing brush in his hand, he was busy writing on a piece of paper. It was early spring and the air was still cold. His hands were numb(麻木的), but the task was so important that he couldn't stop working. "It's going to take me weeks," she said to himself. Several days passed, and he always worked deep into the night. His mother was worried about his health, and she sometimes brought him some snacks at night. Then one day, his mother came again. "I have made some zongzi for you!" she said. "They taste better when dipped in the brown sugar sauce. I hope you'll enjoy them. And go to bed early!" Under the dim(昏暗的)light of an oil lamp, a man sat at a desk in an old house. With a writing brush in his hand, he was busy writing on a piece of paper. It was early spring and the air was still cold. His hands were numb(麻木的), but the task was so important that he couldn't stop working. "It's going to take me weeks," she said to himself. Several days passed, and he always worked deep into the night. His mother was worried about his health, and she sometimes brought him some snacks at night. Then one day, his mother came again. "I have made some zongzi for you!" she said. "They taste better when dipped in the brown sugar sauce. I hope you'll enjoy them. And go to bed early!" In 1920,in his home village in Zhejiang Province, Chen Wangdao made the first Chinese translation of The Communist Manifesto. His strong belief in Marxism helped him complete the difficult translation work. The book inspired many of the early communist pioneers to fight for a better future for the people. 阅读理解 Read the passage and judge the sentences true or false. 1.Chen Wangdao thought it would take him quite a long time to finish his work. ( ) 2.His mother came to check on him and brought food many times. ( ) 3.Chen felt full so he did not eat the zongzi right away. ( ) 4.He found he had eaten ink as soon as he took the first bite. ( ) 5.The story happened in Chen’s hometown in Zhejiang Province. ( ) 6.His love for traditional Chinese culture supported him to finish the translation. ( ) 7.The translation of the book encouraged many early revolutionaries. ( ) 2 Answer the questions below with the information from the story on page 14. (1)What were Chen Wangdao's working conditions like? (2)Why did Chen Wangdao always work deep into the night? (3)Why didn't Chen Wangdao realize he was eating ink? (4)Where and when did Chen Wangdao finish the first Chinese translation of The Communist Manifesto? (5)What helped Chen Wangdao finish the hard translation work? （2）重点难点句子讲解 1.With a writing brush in his hand, he was busy writing on a piece of paper. 他手里握着毛笔，正忙着在一张纸上书写。 With a writing brush in his hand with 复合结构（中考高频：with + 宾语 + 补足语） with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 / 现在分词，表伴随状态。 1. He fell asleep with the window open.（+ 形容词） 他开着窗户睡着了。 2. The boy ran out with a smile on his face.（+ 介词短语） 男孩面带微笑跑了出去。 be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事（后接动词 ing） be busy with sth. 忙于某事（后接名词 / 名词短语） He is busy writing on the paper.他正忙着在纸上写字。 He is busy with his homework.他忙于写作业。 2. He felt a bit hungry, so he reached for a zongzi, dipped it in, and then ate it 他觉得有点饿，于是伸手拿起一个粽子，蘸了蘸酱汁便吃了下去。 reach ①：到达（地点），后直接加地点，不加介词 in/at/to We reach school at 7:00. 我们七点到校。 ②：够到、碰到（某物），伸手就够着了 Can you reach the apple on the tree? 你能够到树上的苹果吗？ reach for 伸手去拿 / 去够（不一定拿到手，强调伸手动作） 核心区别： reach sth：够到（结果）；reach for sth：伸手去够（动作） She reached for her pen but failed. 她伸手去够钢笔，但没拿到。 对比辨析 He reached the cup. 他够到了杯子。（拿到） He reached for the cup. 他伸手去拿杯子。（伸手动作，未知是否拿到） 3.It is said that he was so concentrated on translating The Communist Manifesto that he didn't realize he was eating ink据说他全神贯注翻译《共产党宣言》，竟没发觉自己在蘸墨吃粽子。 It is said that… 据说…… It is said that he is good at translating books. 据说他擅长译书。 变形 sb be said to do sth（同义转换） It is said that he works hard.= He is said to work hard. 据说他学习刻苦。 同类高频固定句型（It + be + 过去分词 + that） It is reported that… 据报道…… It is known that… 众所周知…… It is believed that… 人们相信…… It is hoped that… 人们希望…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… be concentrated on + 名词 /doing sth 专心于、全神贯注做某事 concentrate on 集中注意力去做 用 concentrate on（动作） 用 be concentrated on（状态）两句句意基本同义，可以互换。 He was concentrated on translating the book. 他全身心投入翻译这本书。 She is concentrated on her homework. 她专心写作业。 focus on sth/doing sth；be focused on（中考高频，最常用替换） He is focused on translating.= He is concentrated on translating. pay attention to doing sth 集中注意力、留心 Please pay attention to listening carefully. 4. The book inspired many of the early communist pioneers to fight for a better future for the people. 这本书激励了大批早期共产主义先驱，为人民谋求美好的未来而奋斗。 pioneer先驱；开拓者；倡导者 He is a pioneer of early communist movement.他是早期共产主义运动的先驱。She was a pioneer in women's education.她是女子教育领域的先驱。 作动词 v. 开拓；开创；首创 pioneer sth /pioneer in doing sth They pioneered this new kind of technology. 他们开创了这项新技术。 fight for + 名词：为…… 而奋斗 / 争取 1. fight for：为目标、理想、人奋斗 2. fight against：对抗、反抗（坏人 / 困难 / 疾病） They fight for a better future. 他们为美好的未来奋斗。 Early pioneers fought for people's happiness. 早期先驱们为人民的幸福而奋斗。 拓展 fight with sb ① 和某人并肩作战；② 和某人打架 过关练习 一、短语翻译 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.__________________在书桌旁 2. __________________手里拿着…… 3. __________________忙于做某事 4. __________________深夜；直到深夜 5. __________________担心 6. __________________感觉有点饿 7. __________________伸手去拿 8. __________________为…… 奋斗 9. __________________据说 10. __________________专心于；全神贯注于 一、单项选择 1.The little girl stood there, _______ tears in her eyes. A. For B. At C. With D. Of 2. As a _______ of new art, he created many special paintings. A. pioneer　 B. waiter　 C. pilot　 D. stranger 3. It _______ us about an hour to finish the difficult task yesterday. A. spent　 B. paid　 C. took 　D. cost 4. She tried many times and finally _______ to pass the important exam. A. planned　 B. prepared C. started　 D. managed　 5. It is a _______ moment in his life when he became a famous artist. A. common　 B. simple　 　C. significant D. private 6. His great inventions have a far-reaching _______ on people’s daily life. A. message　 B. impact　 C. secret　 D. habit 7. He _______ on his study and got good grades in the final exam. A. concentrated　 B. depended　 C. carried　 D. agreed 8. She has a strong _______ in her dream and never gives up. A. secret　 B. memory　 C. rule　 D. belief 9. The little boy stood on tiptoe to _______ the book on the high shelf. A. care for　　 B. ask for　 C. reach for D. leave for 10. Before writing the article, you need to learn about the writer’s _______ first. A. background　 B. habit　 C. hobby　 D. secret 二、根据首字母提示完成单词 1.Our teacher gives us a small t______ to collect useful information. 2. His great story i______ us to study harder for our dreams. 3. This is a s______ event that changes people’s life greatly. 4. With hard work, he m______ to finish all the work last night. 5. The great book has a big i______ on people’s ideas. 6. His strong b______ in truth helps him overcome lots of difficulties. 7. You need to know the b______ of the story to understand it well. 8. When you are h______, food will taste much better. 9. After a short rest, they c______ to finish their important work. 10. There are s______ old photos about the great man on the desk. 三、用词的适当形式填空 1. He spent years looking for the t______（true）behind the history story. 2. He is busy _________(translate) the great book. 3. He managed _______( finish) translating the book in a small room. 4. The discovery has great s________ in Chinese history.(significant) 5. People’s ________ (believe)makes them stick to their dreams. 6. As a great ________(school), he devoted all his time to study. 7. His _________(translate) of the great book has a great influence on China 8. We should base our __________(judge)on facts and truth. 9. The famous _______ shares many______ stories about pursuing truth.(educate) 10. When she ________(ask), she always talks about the sweet truth. =When _______(ask), she always talks about the sweet truth. 4、 完成句子 1.身边堆满书籍，这位科学家正忙着做研究。 _______ many books ______ _____, the scientist _____ ____ ____research. 2.他工作到深夜，感到有点疲惫。 He worked ______ _____ _____night and felt _____ ____ tired 3.他伸手去拿书本，惊讶地发现里面有珍贵资料。 He ____ _____the book and ____ _____ ____find valuable information inside. 4.他全神贯注于这本重要书籍的翻译工作。 He _____ _____ ______translating the important book. 5.据说这位伟人一生都在为真理而奋斗。 It ____ _____ that the great man _______ ____ truth all his life. 五、短文填空 A短文填词 Dr. Li is a respectable scientist who devotes years to exploring the 1.t______ of traditional herbal medicine. His research will make a great 2.i______ on modern medical development. He holds a strong 3.b______ that natural plants can help cure many common illnesses. During research, he stays 4.c________ on experiments in the lab from early morning till midnight. With limited lab equipment, he has to manage all complex experiments by himself. Some colleagues once 5.c_______ his research direction pointless and advised him to switch to popular fields. Those discouraging words never beat him. The spirit of great medical pioneers deeply 6.i______ him to hold on. After a short break from a small injury, he decides to 7.c________ his unfinished experiments as planned. He carefully records every piece of data and repeats tests again and again. Years later, his research gets official recognition. His experience tells young learners that dreams need lasting devotion. Never give up easily when facing doubts or hardships. B 语法填空 China recently rolled out two new guidelines for AI-based education. They are designed for primary and secondary schools across the country. The first guideline aims to set up a scientific AI-based education system. For primary school students, the focus is on helping them develop ___1___ interest in AI. In middle schools, students should learn more about 2 AI works and its basic uses. High schools are expected to teach students to make 3 (create) use of AI. The second guideline focuses on the practical usage of AI in schools. For example, it stresses that primary school students should not use generative (生成式的) AI tools to do homework on their own. Instead, they are encouraged to work out problems by 4 (they). Depending too much 5 such tools might stop them ____6_____(think) for themselves. For teachers, the guidelines make it clear that their teaching role is not to be replaced by AI. They are tasked with helping students learn to use AI effectively. For example, they can instruct students to study the flaws (缺陷) of AI-generated content 7 (improve) their thinking abilities. In addition, teachers 8 (not allow) to use AI to grade students’ homework or share students’ personal information with AI tools. And they should not use AI tools to answer students’ questions. As AI plays a 9 (big) role in school education than before, these guidelines set a clear direction for the development of AI education. We hope China 10 (lead) the way in AI education and prepare young people for a future. 六、语法选择 Beth and Dan would never forget the day their new teacher walked in—Mr. Arty, a robot. Mr. Arty 1 solve every maths problem perfectly. 2 soon they found that Mr. Arty had no feelings at all. Yes, he was just a machine. One morning, when Beth finished 3 a wonderful English article, she showed it to Mr. Arty 4 . “This article contains 320 words, and there 5 still some mistakes,” Mr. Arty commented coldly. He didn’t say 6 nice at all. Later Dan was nervous before giving a speech in history class. “Your heart rate is 115 beats per minute,” Mr. Arty added. He never asked 7 Dan felt okay. All students felt sad about Mr. Arty’s coldness. They wanted to change it. “Let’s help him become a real teacher,” Beth said. And they searched for ways to improve the robot. Finally they decided 8 new instructions into Mr. Arty’s system and trained the robot with 9 students. The next day, Beth raised her hand. “Mr. Arty, could you say ‘good try’ when we make mistakes?” Mr. Arty accepted it and the request 10 into the computer system. The next class, Dan purposely gave a wrong answer. To 11 surprise, Mr. Arty said, “Good try, Dan.” Dan tried again and got it right. Mr. Arty’s screen showed 12 smiling face. And for a moment, Mr. Arty seemed more 13 a human. Day by day, thanks to the instructions his students had given him, Mr. Arty could keep encouraging students to try 14 they made it. Mr. Arty is still a robot, but he is much 15 than before. His students help build his “heart”—the kindness in his program. 1. A. could B. should C. must D. might 2. A. And B. So C. Or D. But 3. A. write B. to write C. written D. writing 4. A. excited B. exciting C. excitedly D. excitement 5. A. is B. are C. was D. were 6. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 7. A. when B. what C. whether D. why 8. A. add B. to add C. adding D. to adding 9. A. another B. other C. others D. the others 10. A. enter B. entered C. is entered D. was entered 11. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 12. A. a B. an C. the D. / 13. A. of B. for C. like D. with 14. A. until B. once C. because D. if 15. A. warm B. warmer C. warmest D. the warmest 八、完形填空 One day, a young man came to a wise man, Socrates. He asked, “Will you please give me some suggestions on how to be 1 ?” Socrates agreed, “Walk with me.” They headed to the 2 . When they both stood in the water, Socrates pushed the young man’s head down to water. After several seconds, the young man managed to fight his way out of water, breathing in air. Socrates walked away. The young man was 3 . He looked up to Socrates a lot. How could the great man do this? The young man thought he would never turn to Socrates for 4 . However, the young man with strong wish for success visited Socrates again. Just like before, Socrates 5 the young man’s head under the water. This time, however, the young man was 6 . Before going under, he took a deep breath and held it for thirty seconds, but after coming up, he saw Socrates had already walked away. Shame again! Days passed, and the young man didn’t want to 7 , so he decided to make a final try. This time, the young man 8 knew about what would happen. He held his breath underwater for almost two minutes. He 9 for air and shouted, “Why? Why did you push my head down to water each time I asked for the secret to success?” Socrates faced the young man and said, “Son, I have tried three times to teach you. When you want to succeed as much as you want to 10 , you will be a great success.” 1. A. happy B. young C. clever D. successful 2. A. wild B. ocean C. palace D. forest 3. A. shocked B. pleased C. nervous D. peaceful 4. A. money B. advice C. protection D. information 5. A. shook B. turned C. forced D. raised 6. A. late B. dying C. ready D. proud 7. A. give up B. set off C. grow up D. move around 8. A. slowly B. exactly C. secretly D. possibly 9. A. asked B. waited C. searched D. surfaced 10. A. swim B. walk C. stand D. breathe 九、阅读理解 A 配对阅读 学校举行博物馆参观活动。左栏是五个人对中外名画的个人喜好，右栏是七幅中外名画的介绍，请你找到他们正在欣赏的作品。 1 Lucy is fond of Chinese history. She enjoys seeing the landscape (山水画) of ancient China, especially the mountains with trees, grass, houses, and paths along the river in Zhejiang province. 2 Miss Wang admires the Song-period artwork that shows the lifestyle in ancient time. She can see many kinds of activities in the countryside and cities. 3 Mr. Brown is a big fan of traditional Chinese art. He falls in love with the blue-green scenery, where many creatures, humans, and nature stay together in peace. 4 Mr. Lee likes to learn about the history behind the well-known oil painting and the famous Italian artist. He is curious about the charming woman in the picture. 5 Mandy has been to France before. She went to a famous coffee shop there. She loves seeing the painting that is based on the real place.      A. Mona Lisa, an oil painting by Leonardo da Vinci, is among the world’s most famous paintings. The painting was created in Florence, Italy in 1503. Many people think Mona Lisa’s smile is mysterious. It was the artist’s personal favorite piece of art. B. The Night Cafe is an oil painting by Vincent van Gogh. Based on a real place, he painted it in 1888 in Arles, France. In the picture, you can see outdoor tables, a street scene and the night sky. Although the painting has “night” in the title, he didn’t use the color black anywhere in the painting. C. Impression, Sunrise by Claude Monet is an extremely popular impressionist painting. It was first shown in 1874 in Paris. In the painting, you can see the early morning sun rising over the foggy harbor. The calm feeling of the scene in the picture has impressed millions of people in the world. D. Along the River during the Qingming Festival is painted by Zhang Zeduan. It shows the daily life of people from the Song period in the capital, Bianjing. The theme celebrates the festive spirit and busy street scene at the Qingming Festival. E. Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains was painted nearly 700 years ago by Huang Gongwang. It presents the painter’s image of the landscape along the Fuchun River. The painting was divided into     two parts. One part is now in Zhejiang Provincial Museum and the other part is in a museum in Taipei. F. A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains is painted by Wang Ximeng. The blue-green landscape is divided into six sections. The mountains, divided by water or connected by bridges, are very beautiful. The painting shows that humans and nature live in harmony and peace. G. Luoshen Appraisal Painting was created by Gu Kaizhi. The painting is based on Cao Zhi’s article Luoshen Appraisal. It tells a sad love story between a young man and Luoshen, the Goddess of the river Luo. The pictures are so vivid that many people love them very much. B 阅读选择 Imagine opening your history textbook and seeing Confucius, Leonardo da Vinci, or Marie Curie step out of the pages to talk to you! Thanks to artificial intelligence (AI), this dream is becoming reality in classrooms around the world. In Wuhan Gangcheng No. 4 Middle School, students ask questions to a 3D-animated Confucius (孔子). One student once asked, “Does ‘ren’ (kindness) still matter in a world full of competition?” The digital Confucius smiled and explained how kindness helps people live together peacefully. This isn’t magic—it’s AI! Using tools like Jimeng (即梦AI) and Keling (可灵AI), teachers can turn flat textbook pictures into lively characters. These AI tools add details to old paintings, make the characters move, and even let them speak. For example, Aristotle can now explain logic with hand gestures, and Li Qingzhao (李清照) can recite her poems with gentle expressions. AI isn’t just fun. It’s changing how we study. In Nanjing’s Stone Shadow Art Museum, AI turns ancient Chinese paintings into modern art styles. When visitors use a special flashlight, ink-and-wash mountains become colorful impressionist scenes. This mix of old and new helps us understand culture better. In classrooms, AI helps students learn at their own pace. A smart system can give students different learning materials based on their questions. An AI wrong-answer notebook (AI错题本) finds mistakes and makes practice plans. In a history class about the Maya civilization (玛雅文明), students explore how climate change affected cities through AI-made videos. “History isn’t just dates anymore,” says student Wu Boyu. “It’s like touching the past.” However, there are problems. Some people use AI to change history characters in bad ways. We need rules to stop this. Also, while AI helps us learn, teachers remind us not to forget the human side of learning—like sharing ideas face-to-face. Looking ahead, AI will do more. Students might use AI to understand art or create digital exhibitions. As one teacher says, “Technology isn’t the goal. It’s a way to help every student shine.” From old books to smart screens, learning is always evolving. With AI, textbook characters aren’t just words anymore—they’re friends who guide us through the amazing journey of knowledge. 1. What tools do teachers use to make textbook pictures lively? A. ChatGPT and DeepSeek. B. Jimeng and Keling. C. Photoshop and Illustrator. D. WeChat and TikTok. 2. What can the “AI wrong-answer notebook” do? A. Replace human teachers. B. Make history videos. C. Write homework for students. D. Find mistakes and create study plans. 3. Why does Wu Boyu say “History isn’t just dates anymore”? A. History books have colorful pictures now. B. History exams became much easier. C. AI makes history about a few famous people. D. AI helps students experience history vividly. 4. What does the flashlight example in Nanjing museum show? A. AI makes art exhibitions a lot brighter. B. Technology connects traditional and modern culture. C. Visitors prefer impressionist paintings to ancient paintings. D. Flashlights are essential for museum tours. C Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily. As “Father of Hybrid Rice”, Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to help stop people from hunger and helping to feed our country with the largest population. Wu Mengchao, the “Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery (肝胆外科)”, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years. He performed more than 16,000 operations (手术) during his life. Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time deformed his fingers, which are not in the shape of normal ones. Wu once said, “It would be my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day.” In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria (疟疾), Tu Youyou, who studies medicine, took on the job as head of a research team. She and her teammates did different kinds of experiments (试验). However, the results were not so good. Instead of giving up, they kept trying. Finally, in 1972, they made it! In 2012, at the age of 85, she received Noble Prize. Sometimes, their success was big surprise after working for a long time. The famous scientist Alexander Fleming said, “When I woke up very early on the morning of 28th September, 1928, I certainly didn’t plan to change all medicine completely by discovering the world’s first antibiotic (抗生素). But I guess that was what I did.” Some people only became successful after their deaths. Not like Pablo Picasso who became famous and very rich during his lifetime, the artist Vincent Gogh only sold one painting all through his life and that was to a friend. But he kept painting and he painted more than 2, 000 artworks in the following 10 years. Now his paintings sell for millions of pounds. One thing all these people have in common is keeping working for their goals(目标) no matter how hard they are. 1. What do Yuan Longping and Wu Mengchao have in common? A. They achieved a lot in the medical field. B. They spent all their lives serving people. C. They succeeded in solving world problems. D. They were all interested in the same hobby. 2. The underlined phrase “deformed his fingers” could mean ________ in Chinese. A. 用手手术 B. 让手指灵活 C. 使手指变形 D. 用手指挥 3. When Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, he ________. A. felt too tired to stay at home B. didn’t fully realize its importance C. knew what his success really meant D. found he would make much money 4. Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage? A. Wu Mengchao trained nearly 16, 000 doctors in the world. B. It took Tu Youyou’s team about 3 years to reach their goal. C. Pablo Picasso became famous after his death. D. Vincent Gogh painted 2,000 artworks and became rich by selling them. 5. What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A. Well begun is half done. B. Failure is the mother of success. C. Great achievements aren’t made overnight. D. One tree doesn’t make a forest. D 阅读回答问题 Ludwig van Beethoven, one of the world’s most-loved composers, is famous for his nine symphonies (交响乐). Before he died in 1827, he began a new symphony, but never finished it. He only left behind some notes about the piece and a few “sketches” — short bits of written music. In 2019, a special team of musicians, computer scientists, and historians was formed. Their goal was to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony to celebrate his 250th birthday. The team didn’t just want to complete the symphony, they wanted to come as close as possible to producing the symphony that Beethoven meant to write. The team decided to use artificial intelligence (AI人工智能) to help finish the symphony. To train an AI, they turned every piece of Beethoven’s music to a form the computer could understand. By doing this, the AI could look for patterns (模式) in the way Beethoven wrote. They also studied Beethoven’s notes and sketches to work out where in the symphony he planned to use each little bit of music. In an early test, the team took a few minutes of music created by the AI seed on Beethoven’s sketches, and played it for Beethoven experts, musicians and reporters. No one could tell which parts had been written by Beethoven and which parts were made up by the AI. Finally, the AI had the challenge of trying to connect the little musical bits to a symphony. It took over two years, but the team was able to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony — not simply a melody (乐曲), but 40 minutes of music for a full orchestra (管弦乐队). On the night of October 9th, 2021, the piece was performed for the first time ever by the Beethoven Orchestra in Bonn, Germany. So Beethoven now has a 10th Symphony. And though Beethoven didn’t write it all, the team feels sure that the music is very much like what he might be written, if he’d had the chance. 1. What was the team’s goal? 2. What did the team do to train an AI? 3. What was the result of the team’s early test? 4. How long did it take the team to complete the 10th Symphony? 5. What do you think of the team’s work? Why do you think so? $