第01讲 Unit 1 Great people（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新九年级英语新教材沪教版

第01讲 Unit 1 Great people （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1.能力目标：认读、理解单元核心词汇；听懂并运用询问、描述人物经历与成就的句型；能口头、书面介绍伟人及事迹。 2.语法目标：掌握形容词 + that 从句核心考点，区分相关句式用法。 学习重点 1.熟记并灵活运用单元核心词汇与固定短语，掌握描述人物的基础句型。 2.吃透单元语法：熟练掌握形容词 + that 从句、be+形容词+to do 句型转换，以及 not sure 后接 wh - 从句的用法。 学习难点 1.在语境中辨析易混短语、词汇（如 find/find out/look for，convinced/convincing，manage to do、consider、significant、truth、in addition to、concentrated等），精准完成词形变换。 2.综合运用词汇、句型，条理清晰、语言连贯地在口头和书面表达中，介绍伟人的生平、天赋、成就与影响。 1. Wang Zhenyi-an outstanding woman scholar 王贞仪——一位杰出的女性学者 【详解】①outstanding adj. 杰出的；优秀的；突出的，可用来形容人、作品、成就等，同义词汇：excellent, great, remarkable。 例：She is an outstanding artist. 她是一位杰出的艺术家。 【拓展】stand out 突出 例：Her talents make her stand out among all the students.她的才华让她在一众学生中脱颖而出。 【典例】 The scientist is so ______ that everyone respects her. A. common B. outstanding C. normal D. simple 【答案】B 【详解】结合句意 “这位科学家十分杰出，所有人都敬重她”。outstanding 表示 “杰出的”，符合语境；common 普通的，normal 正常的，simple 简单的，均不符合题意。故选B。 【即练1】This is an ______ （outstand）work of art.（用所给词的正确形式填空。） 【即练2】目前，她取得了显著的进步。(翻译句子) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. He found out that the Earth and the other planets travel around the Sun.他发现地球及其他行星均围绕太阳运行。 【详解】find out 意为 “查明；弄清；（经过调查、研究后）发现”，多指通过思考、查询、观察等努力弄清事实、真相、规律，后可接名词、代词或 that 宾语从句。从句描述客观真理，时态统一用一般现在时，不受主句过去时态影响。 【辨析】 短语 含义 用法区别 例句 find 找到；发现 强调寻找的结果 I found my key under the desk. 我在桌子下找到了钥匙。 find out 查明；弄清 强调经过努力得知真相、事实、秘密 Please find out when the meeting starts. 请查明会议开始的时间。 look for 寻找 强调寻找的动作、过程 She is looking for her pen. 她正在找她的钢笔。 【典例】The teacher ______ who broke the window just now. A. looked for B. found C. found out D. looked out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师刚才查明了是谁打碎了窗户。look for 强调寻找动作；find 侧重偶然找到物品；find out 指查明真相、实情；look out 意为 “小心”。结合语境选 C。 【即练1】I ______ my notebook everywhere, but I didn't ______ it. A. looked for; find B. found; looked for C. found out; find D. looked for; find out 【即练2】请你查明火车什么时候到站。(翻译句子) _________________________________________________________________________ 3. She also had a talent for poetry. 她还具有诗歌创作的天赋。 【详解】have a talent for (doing) sth. 有…… 天赋 ① 固定短语，后接名词或动名词，同义短语 be talented in。 例句：He has a talent for music. 他有音乐天赋。 ②have a talent for (doing) sth. =be talented in 有…… 天赋 【典例】The little girl ______ a talent ______ drawing. A. has; for B. is; for C. has; in D. is; at 【答案】A 【详解】结合句意 “这个小女孩有绘画天赋”。固定搭配 have a talent for sth. 表示 “有…… 天赋”，故选 A。 【即练1】用所给词适当形式填空 ①He has a talent for ______ (sing). ②My sister is ______ (talent) in dancing. 【即练2】她有写作的天赋。 _________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Wang learnt more and more about astronomy and mathematics, even though the language in the science books was very old-fashioned and difficult to understand. 王对天文学和数学的知识了解得越来越多，尽管科学书籍中的语言非常陈旧且难以理解。 【详解】（1）old-fashioned /ˌəʊld ˈfæʃnd/adj. 老式的；过时的。 修饰语言、服饰、观念、物品；反义词 modern（现代的）。 例句：These old books use old-fashioned words. 这些古书用词老旧。 （2）even though 尽管；虽然（引导让步状语从句），可与 although 互换，不与 but 连用。 例句：Even though it rained, we went out. 尽管下雨，我们还是出门了。 【典例】 ______ he is young, he knows a lot. A. But B. Even though C. So D. And 【答案】B 【详解】结合句意 “尽管他年纪小，却懂得很多”。even though 意为 “尽管、虽然”，引导让步状语从句；but 但是，so 所以，and 和，均不符合语境。故选 B。 【即练1】The clothes look ______ (old-fashion). （用所给词的正确形式填空） 【即练2】翻译句子 ①这款老式家具现在很少见了。 _________________________________________________________________________________ ②尽管路途遥远，他们还是准时到达了。 _________________________________________________________________________________ 4.With this in mind, she rewrote the mathematician Mei Wending's famous book about calculation. 基于这一考虑，她重写了数学家梅文鼎那本关于计算的著名著作。 【详解】with this in mind 考虑到这一点；心中想着此事 ① 固定介词短语，常在句首作状语，语序固定，不可颠倒。 ② 同义短语：considering that 考虑到。 【典例】 ______, we should make a careful plan first. A. With this in mind B. In fact C. At last D. All the time 【答案】A 【详解】结合句意 “考虑到这一点，我们应当先制定周密的计划”。with this in mind 意为 “考虑到这一点”；in fact 事实上，at last 最后，all the time 一直，均不符合语境。故选 A。 【即练1】______ this in mind, she decided to rewrite the book. A. In B. With C. On D. For 【即练2】考虑到这一点，我接受了这个建议。 _________________________________________________________________________________ 5.In addition to her achievements in mathematics and astronomy, Wang Zhenyi was an excellent poet, and she wrote about unusually modern topics. 除了在数学和天文学方面的成就外，王贞仪还是一位杰出的诗人，她的作品涉及许多极具现代性的主题。 【详解】in addition to 除…… 之外（还有） 【拓展】辨析In addition to 与in addition ①in addition to + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词（介词短语），后必须接宾语，意为 “除…… 之外（还有）”； 例：In addition to English, I learn French. 除了英语，我还学法语。 ②in addition（副词短语），单独使用，置于句首 / 句末，意为 “此外、另外”，后面不接宾语。 例：In addition, we need more time. 此外，我们还需要更多时间。 【典例】______ maths, she also does well in astronomy. A. In addition B. In addition to C. Except D. Beside 【答案】B 【详解】结合句意 “除了数学之外，她天文学也很出色”。空后有名词 maths，需用介词短语 in addition to；in addition 后不接宾语，except 表示 “排除在外”，beside 意为 “在…… 旁边”，均不符合题意。故选 B。 【即练1】 In addition ______ music, he likes painting. A. of B. to C. for D. with 【即练2】翻译句子 除了科学方面的成就，他还是一名优秀的作家。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Are you not convinced, 您难道还不相信吗？ Daughters can also be heroic?女儿们同样可以成为英雄！ 【详解】convinced /kənˈvɪnst/adj. 坚信的；确信的 常用搭配： be convinced (that) 坚信……；确信……，后可接 that 引导的宾语从句，that 可省略。 be convinced of sth. 相信某事 例句：I am convinced that she is right. 我坚信她是对的。 【拓展】convince /kənˈvɪns/v. 使确信；说服 常用搭配：convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 变形：convincing adj. 令人信服的 ；convinced adj. 感到确信的 【典例】I am ______ that he will win the game. A. convince B. convinced C. convincing D. convinces 【答案】B 【详解】结合句意 “我确信他会赢得比赛”。be convinced that… 为固定搭配，意为 “确信……”；convince 是动词，convincing 多修饰事物，均不符合用法。故选 B。 【即练1】She is convinced ______ her own idea. A. of B. to C. with D. for 【即练2】 ①The story is so ______ that everyone believes it. A. convinced B. convincing C. convince D. convinces ②I feel ______ that she will succeed. A. convincing B. convinced C. convince D. to convince 【即练3】我坚信努力终会有回报。（翻译句子） ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7.It is said that he was so concentrated on translating The Communist Manifesto that he didn't realize he was eating ink! 据说他全神贯注地翻译《共产党宣言》，以至于完全没有意识到自己正在吃墨水！ 【详解】 （1）be concentrated on 全神贯注于；同义短语：focus on；后接名词或动名词。 例句：She is concentrated on her homework. 她专心写作业。 （2）It is said that... 据说。固定形式主语句型，it 作形式主语，真正主语为后面的从句。 例句：It is said that he is a great writer. 据说他是一位伟大的作家。 （3）so...that... 如此…… 以至于。引导结果状语从句，so 后接形容词 / 副词。 例句：He was so busy that he forgot to eat. 他太忙了，忘了吃饭。 【典例】He is concentrated ______ his study all day. A. in B. on C. at D. with 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查固定搭配 be concentrated on，表示 “全神贯注于……”，是固定短语，介词只能用 on，其余介词均不能与之搭配。故选 B。 【即练1】 It ______ that they will arrive soon. A. says B. is said C. said D. was said 【即练2】She was ______ tired ______ she couldn't walk any further. A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to 【即练3】完成句子 ①据说他非常勤奋。 ________________________________________________________ ②他全神贯注于阅读，以至于没听见敲门声。 ________________________________________________________ 8.Through his /her hard work, he / she managed to ... 凭借他的/她的辛勤努力，他/她成功地…… 【详解】manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 辨析：manage to do&try to do 短语 核心含义 侧重点 典型例句 manage to do 设法做 成某事 强调结果成功 He managed to finish the translation on time. 他设法按时完成了翻译工作。 try to do 努力做某事 强调过程，结果不一定成功 He tried to climb the mountain, but the bad weather stopped him. 他努力想爬上这座山，但恶劣的天气阻止了他。 【典例】Through her hard work, she managed_______ (pass) the difficult exam finally.（用所给词适当形式填空） 【答案】 to pass 【详解】句意：凭借不懈努力，她最终成功通过了这场难度很大的考试。本题考查固定搭配 manage to do sth.（设法做成某事），结合语境动作已发生，使用一般过去时，故填to pass。 【即练1】 Although it rained heavily, we ________ get home safely. A. tried doing B. tried to C. managed to D. managed 【即练2】完成句子 凭借他的坚持与努力，他成功完成了这项艰巨的任务。 Through his perseverance and hard work, he ________ ________ ________ the tough task. 9.is considered to be... 被认为是... 【详解】be considered to be + 名词 / 形容词。含义：被认为是……；被看作……，属于被动语态，主语为动作承受者，描述客观评价。 例句：She is considered to be a good teacher.（她被认为是一名优秀的老师。） 主动结构：consider sb./sth. (to be) + 名词 / 形容词；认为某人 / 某物是……，to be 常可省略。 例句：We consider him (to be) honest.（我们认为他为人诚实。） 【拓展】consider doing sth. 意为考虑做某事，consider 后接动名词作宾语，不接动词不定式。 例句：I am considering changing my plan.（我正在考虑改变我的计划。） 【典例】This old building ________ one of the local cultural symbols. A. considers to be B. is considered to be C. considered being D. is considered being 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这座古老的建筑被认为是当地的文化象征之一。考查固定搭配与语态。be considered to be 为固定用法，表示 “被认为是”，本句主语和 consider 之间为被动关系，需使用被动语态，故选 B。 【即练1】My mother is considering ________ a new mobile phone. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 【即练2】Most students consider her ________ (friend).（用所给词适当形式填空） 【即练3】这个地方被认为是这座城市里最美的公园之一。(完成句子) The place ________ ________ ________ one of the most beautiful parks in the city.（被认为是） 10. significant 【详解】significant表重要的：相当于 important，可修饰事件、人物、决定等；表显著的：常用来描述变化、进步、差异等； 常用搭配：a significant change 显著变化 a significant difference 明显差异 significant progress 巨大进步 例句There has been a significant change in the weather. 天气出现了明显的变化。 【派生词】significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ n. 重要性；意义 significantly adv. 显著地；值得注意地 搭配：the significance of …… 的重要性 / 意义 句型：It is significant for sb. to do sth.对某人来说，做某事具有重要意义。 例：We know the significance of this task. 我们清楚这项任务的重要性。 例：It is significant for us to learn history. 对我们来说，学习历史有着重要意义。 【典例】It is significant ______ us ______ keep learning every day. A. for; to B. of; to C. for; in D. of; in 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定句型 It is significant for sb. to do sth.（对某人来说做某事意义重大），介词用 for，后面接动词不定式，故选 A。 【即练1】Do you realize the ______ of this decision? A. significant B. significance C. significantly D. more significant 【即练2】完成句子 1.这次考试成绩有显著的提升。 _______________________________________________________________________ 2. 对年轻人来说，了解传统文化意义重大。 11.truth 【详解】truth n. 真理；事实；真相 常用搭配：tell the truth 说实话；讲真话 find out the truth 查明真相 in truth 事实上；的确 【派生词】 true adj. 真实的；正确的（形容词原形） truly adv. 真正地；真诚地（副词） truthful adj. 诚实的；如实的（形容词） 【典例】Please tell me the ______ about what happened just now. A. true B. truth C. truthful D. truly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：请把刚才发生的事情的真相告诉我。定冠词 the 后接名词，truth 为名词，意为 “真相”；true 是形容词，truly 是副词，truthful 是形容词，均不符合语法，故选 B。 【即练 1】We all believe that science can discover the ______ (true). 【即练 2】You should always ______ ______ ______ （说实话）instead of lying. （补全句子） 12. 辨析fight for&fight against &fight with 【详解】 fight for：为…… 而战斗 / 奋斗（表目的，争取获得某物 / 支持某人） fight against：对抗；反对；与…… 作斗争（表对象，抵御敌人、困难、不良事物） fight with：① 和…… 并肩作战（=fight alongside，表合作）；② 和…… 打架（表冲突） 【典例】We should ______ our dreams and never give up. A. fight for B. fight against C. fight with 【答案】A 【即练 1】全世界人民反对战争，热爱和平。（完成句子） People all over the world ______ ______ the war and love peace. 【即练 2】两支军队并肩作战，共同击败了敌人。（完成句子） The two armies ______ ______ each other and defeated the enemy together. 二、核心句型&语法（形容词 + that 从句，单元语法重点） 【句型结构】主语 + be + 情感形容词 + (that) 从句 可省略引导词 that，常用形容词：glad, sad, sure, certain, excited, unaware, confident 等。 【课本原句】 •I'm glad that I have learnt a lot about the great Chinese writer and thinker. 我很高兴我了解了很多关于这位伟大的中国作家和思想家的事情。 •Marie Curie was sure that everything in nature is made up of elements. 玛丽·居里确信自然界中的一切都是由元素组成的。 【拓展】 ①当形容词为 not sure 或 not certain 时，后面可以接 wh-从句（what, who, when, where, how, why 等引导的从句）。 结构： 主语 + be动词+ not sure/not certain + wh-从句 例句：I am not sure what he will do next. 我不确定他接下来要做什么。 ②"形容词+that 从句"结构可以与"be + 形容词 + to do sth"结构进行转换： • I'm glad that I can help you. = I'm glad to help you. • She was surprised that she won the prize. = She was surprised to win the prize. 【典例】 I am excited ______ I will take part in the school sports meeting. A. that B. what C. when D. how 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我很激动我将要参加校运动会。本题考查be + 形容词 + that 从句结构，that 引导宾语从句，无实义，可省略。结合句意选 A。 【即练1】用适当引导词填空 She is sure ______ she will pass the coming English test. 【即练2】I am not sure ______ he will arrive tomorrow. A. that B. when C. what D. which 【即练3】句型转换 I'm happy that I can make friends with you.（改为同义句） I'm happy ______ ______ friends with you. 一、单词拼写 1.He is an o______ artist and his works are popular all over the country. 2.My grandma likes wearing o______ clothes from her young days. 3.Many people enjoy listening to c______ music in their free time. 4.He is just an o______ person without any special talents. 5.There is a bright l______ on the desk to give light. 6.The famous p______ wrote thousands of beautiful poems in his life. 7.I am fully c______ that you will succeed in the end. 8.The great p______ thought deeply about life and society. 9.This d______ created many wonderful plays for the theatre. 10.What's your j______ on his new novel? Do you like it? 11.We need to make an e______ of his work performance. 12.The teacher asked us to learn the b______ of this great man. 13.It is s______ for us to learn the history of great people. 14.This event is an important m______ in the country's history. 15.The scientist's research has a huge i______ on modern medicine. 二、单项选择 1.She is an ______ artist and her works are widely praised. A. ordinary B. outstanding C. old-fashioned D. classical 2.Most young people don't like ______ clothes or ideas. A. old-fashioned B. significant C. ordinary D. classical 3. Many students enjoy listening to ______ music in their free time. A. ordinary B. classical C. convinced D. background 4.It took the police several days to ______ who broke into the house last night. A. look for B. find C. find out D. care for 5.The young girl ______ singing, so she learns it day and night. A. has a talent for B. is talented at C. has talent in D. is talent for 6.______ the road was full of traffic, we still got to school on time. A. But B. Even though C. So D. Because 7.The little boy was so ______ the cartoon that he didn't hear his mother's call. A. concentrated in B. concentrated on C. focused at D. focused with 8.After trying three times, he ______ climb up the high mountain successfully. A. tried to B. managed to C. tried doing D. managed doing 9.We all ______ the great scientist ______ one of the wisest people in history. A. consider; to be B. consider; being C. are considered; to be D. are considered; being 10. I am sure ______ our team will win the final game. A. what B. that C. when D. where 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.She is an ______ (outstand) writer and her works are popular worldwide. 2.It is not easy ______ (find) out the secret behind the old story. 3.My brother has a talent for ______ (play) the piano. 4.These ______ (old-fashion) words are seldom used in modern daily English. 5.In addition to ______ (study) maths, he also devotes himself to astronomy. 6.The movie is so ______ (convince) that all the audience are moved. 7.He was concentrated on ______ (translate) the article when I came in. 8.They managed ______ (solve) the difficult problem at last. 9.I am considering ______ (visit) the museum this weekend. 10.Do you know the ______ (significant) of this great invention? 四、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Have you ever heard of Wang Zhenyi? Perhaps most of us didn’t know this great name 1 she was introduced in a CCTV programme. She lived in the Qing Dynasty, when educational chances for girls were very 2 . Yet, with 3 family’s strong support, she started a special journey of teaching herself, proving that true learning often begins with personal curiosity. When she was young, she 4 to read widely from the home library, which contained books on many different subjects. This early encouragement helped build 5 strong interest in astronomy. Unlike many people, she refused 6 unscientific ideas about events like lunar eclipses (月食). “I must see the truth 7 my own eyes,” she told herself. She kept this thought in mind 8 while doing her experiments late into the evening. Her way of working was serious and 9 , always step by step. To find out how a lunar eclipse happens, she placed simple objects in her room, creating a small model of the solar system. She moved a round table, a lamp, and a mirror slowly 10 the movements of the Earth, Sun, and Moon, demonstrating the cause of the eclipse. Through this simple but clever model, she explained 11 sunlight is shaded during this event, making a complex idea easy to understand. Her important 12 to science was realized mainly through writing. She 13 many clear and helpful articles. Even ordinary people could understand difficult ideas without needing special training. Her life was short, 14 her brave mind and clear thinking left a lasting mark on Chinese science. Today, her story continues to teach us that we 15 overcome problems and achieve great things through curiosity, hard work, and a belief in ourselves. 1．A．unless B．because C．after D．until 2．A．much B．little C．few D．many 3．A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 4．A．allowed B．was allowed C．have allowed D．will allow 5．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 6．A．believe B．believing C．to believe D．believed 7．A．through B．by C．in D．with 8．A．quiet B．quieten C．quietly D．quietness 9．A．patient B．patiently C．more patient D．more patiently 10．A．copy B．to copy C．copying D．copied 11．A．how B．when C．what D．where 12．A．contribute B．contributes C．contributed D．contribution 13．A．write B．writes C．wrote D．will write 14．A．and B．but C．so D．or 15．A．can B．must C．should D．would 五、完形填空 Deng Jiaxian (1924-1986) was born in Anhui. To get a good 1 , his parents sent him to a Beijing primary school. He learned all kinds of 2 , like math and ancient poetry, and worked very hard. Later, he studied physics at Purdue University in the US and earned a doctorate (博士学位). Knowing China 3 him, he returned home soon. In 1958, Deng 4 an important task: developing China’s nuclear weapons (核武器). Leading a team of young scientists, he worked tirelessly. On October 16, 1964, China’s first atomic bomb (原子弹) exploded 5 in the Gobi Desert. 6 , years of nuclear work led to health problems for Deng. Though seriously ill, he never stopped 7 China’s nuclear cause (事业). He once said: “If I could live again, I would still 8 China.” His story teaches us to love our 9 . We should always treasure and 10 what he did for China. 1．A．suggestion B．vacation C．education D．instruction 2．A．games B．sports C．activities D．subjects 3．A．forgot B．needed C．found D．reported 4．A．refused B．avoided C．accepted D．failed 5．A．successfully B．accidentally C．suddenly D．terribly 6．A．Normally B．Sadly C．Quickly D．Luckily 7．A．arguing about B．taking after C．putting off D．caring for 8．A．leave B．forget C．hate D．choose 9．A．culture B．country C．family D．team 10．A．honor B．doubt C．explain D．repeat 六、阅读理解 A Liang Qichao educated his own children well. He set a good example for them and often communicated with them. If there were a talk across time and space, he would advise middle school students like this. Don’t be afraid of the difficulties in life. Never stop learning. You’ll get good results sooner or later. No matter where you go in the world, don’t forget your motherland. You have many chances and can go after your personal dreams anywhere, but you should always keep your homeland in your heart. It took Qian Xuesen five years to finally return to China from America and ten years to complete the rocket project. Mr Qian put all his life into the endless outer space as the leader of China’s “Two Bombs and One Satellite” Project. He is known as the “father of China’s space program” and “king of rockets”. Qian Xuesen was so great a scientist, but he never stopped his research. He believed that there was no end to the exploration (探索) of science and truth, and said, “Nothing is final!” When Yuan Longping was young, he saw lots of Chinese people starving. To make sure everyone had enough to eat, he worked in the fields for many years doing experiments. He didn’t stop even when others told him he was wasting his time. Because of his research, China’s rice yields (产量) increased greatly. When hunger was no longer a problem in China, Mr Yuan still spent all his time out in the experimental fields so that people could live a better life. 1．What did Liang Qichao often do to educate his children? A．He made strict rules for them. B．He communicated with them often. C．He helped them with their homework. D．He took them to travel around the world. 2．Liang Qichao would tell middle school students to ________. A．give up when facing difficulties B．stop learning after leaving school C．keep their motherland in their hearts D．only care about personal dreams 3．How long did Qian Xuesen spend finishing the rocket project? A．Five years. B．Eight years. C．Ten years. D．Fifteen years. 4．Why did Yuan Longping work on rice research at first? A．To become a famous scientist. B．To help people out of hunger. C．To make money for himself. D．To finish his school project. 5．What can we learn from the three great people? A．We should never stop learning and working hard. B．We should spend little time on work. C．We should only think about our own future. D．We should stay away from difficulties. B In 1976, Chen Liquan was visiting Germany when he first saw a button battery. A German friend told him that lithium materials could be used to support cars. This idea inspired Chen so much that he decided to change his research field. After returning to China, Chen started working in a simple lab. He and his team made their own tools and materials. Sometimes it was dangerous—once, a test caused a fire. But they did not give up. In the 1980s, they successfully made China’s first all-solid-state lithium battery. Later, they also developed the first liquid lithium battery (液态锂电池) in China. Chen’s team later created a new technology called “in-situ solidification” (原位凝固). Instead of asking for patent fees (专利费), Chen allowed others to use it freely. He said, “If our technology can help China, that is enough. We don’t need to make money from it.” Under his influence, China’s battery industry grew quickly. Now, China makes over 70% of the world’s lithium batteries. Chen also improved the research of sodium batteries (钠离子电池), which are cheaper. By 2025, China has produced 95% of the world’s sodium batteries. Besides, Chinese scientists have made lithium batteries that can support cars to run over 1,000 km. Now, at 85, Chen still works in science. He wants to see sodium batteries used in ships and hopes young scientists will continue to explore. Chen’s story teaches us: with a strong will and a sharing heart, China has changed from a follower into a leader in battery technology. 1．What is the right order about Chen Liquan’s experience? a. He decided to change his research field. b. He and his team made their own tools and materials. c. He and his team developed the first liquid lithium battery in China. d. He and his team created a new technology called “in-situ solidification”. A．d-c-b-a B．a-b-c-d C．c-b-d-a D．b-a-c-d 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The Lab. B．The car. C．The battery. D．The technology. 3．What percentage of the world’s lithium batteries does China produce? A．More than 70%. B．Less than 70%. C．More than 95%. D．Less than 95%. 4．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．China is a follower in battery technology. B．Chen Liquan is too old to work in science. C．A strong will and a sharing heart can lead to success. D．Sodium batteries have already been used in ships now. 5．Which of the following words can best describe Chen Liquan according to the text? A．Polite and friendly. B．Lucky and outgoing. C．Brave and honest. D．Kind and hard-working. 七、阅读还原 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。 Zhen-Ning Yang, a world-famous physicist, passed away in Beijing at the age of 103. His long life was filled with great achievements, and he always held a deep, warm love for our motherland. Born in Hefei in 1922, Yang grew up in a family full of knowledge. His parents were both well-educated, so he grew up with books from a young age. 1 Later, he studied at National Southwestern Associated University. After graduation, Yang studied in the U. S. He received a PhD．from the University of Chicago and worked at a top research center. In 1954, his partner Robert Mills and he came up with the “Yang-Mills gauge theory.” This theory became a basic one of modern physics and helped scientists understand the world better. A few years later, in 1957, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with Tsung-Dao Lee. 2 Even though he lived abroad, Yang never forgot his home country. In 1971, he made a historic trip back to China. 3 It broke the ice for exchanges between China and the U. S. He also encouraged Chinese researchers in other countries to come back and use their skills to help China develop. What’s more, he supported many Chinese students to study abroad and gain new knowledge. In 1999, Yang returned to China in Tsinghua University. 4 He worked hard to improve China’s basic physics research, hoping to help more young scientists grow. Yang lived a simple life and did a lot of things, even though he was a famous scientist. He gave away books and manuscripts to Tsinghua to support research. He often talked to young people and shared his thoughts with them. 5 In this way, the young can continue to learn about the secrets of science and help the development of the nation. A．This visit was truly meaningful. B．Professor Yang, you’re a true hero. C．This made him known all over the world. D．He showed early talent in math and physics. E．He taught physics classes and started new programs there. F．He also encouraged them to love science and work hard for our country. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第01讲 Unit 1 Great people （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1.能力目标：认读、理解单元核心词汇；听懂并运用询问、描述人物经历与成就的句型；能口头、书面介绍伟人及事迹。 2.语法目标：掌握形容词 + that 从句核心考点，区分相关句式用法。 学习重点 1.熟记并灵活运用单元核心词汇与固定短语，掌握描述人物的基础句型。 2.吃透单元语法：熟练掌握形容词 + that 从句、be+形容词+to do 句型转换，以及 not sure 后接 wh - 从句的用法。 学习难点 1.在语境中辨析易混短语、词汇（如 find/find out/look for，convinced/convincing，manage to do、consider、significant、truth、in addition to、concentrated等），精准完成词形变换。 2.综合运用词汇、句型，条理清晰、语言连贯地在口头和书面表达中，介绍伟人的生平、天赋、成就与影响。 1. Wang Zhenyi-an outstanding woman scholar 王贞仪——一位杰出的女性学者 【详解】①outstanding adj. 杰出的；优秀的；突出的，可用来形容人、作品、成就等，同义词汇：excellent, great, remarkable。 例：She is an outstanding artist. 她是一位杰出的艺术家。 【拓展】stand out 突出 例：Her talents make her stand out among all the students.她的才华让她在一众学生中脱颖而出。 【典例】 The scientist is so ______ that everyone respects her. A. common B. outstanding C. normal D. simple 【答案】B 【详解】结合句意 “这位科学家十分杰出，所有人都敬重她”。outstanding 表示 “杰出的”，符合语境；common 普通的，normal 正常的，simple 简单的，均不符合题意。故选B。 【即练1】This is an ______ （outstand）work of art.（用所给词的正确形式填空。） 【答案】outstanding 【详解】此处需用形容词修饰名词 work，outstanding 意为 “杰出的”，故填 outstanding。 【即练2】目前，她取得了显著的进步。(翻译句子) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】At present, she has made outstanding progress. 【详解】“目前” 提示用现在完成时，常用表达为 at present；主语为第三人称单数，助动词用 has；make progress 是固定搭配，意为 “取得进步”，outstanding 表示 “显著的”，修饰 progress，故翻译为 At present, she has made outstanding progress。 2. He found out that the Earth and the other planets travel around the Sun.他发现地球及其他行星均围绕太阳运行。 【详解】find out 意为 “查明；弄清；（经过调查、研究后）发现”，多指通过思考、查询、观察等努力弄清事实、真相、规律，后可接名词、代词或 that 宾语从句。从句描述客观真理，时态统一用一般现在时，不受主句过去时态影响。 【辨析】 短语 含义 用法区别 例句 find 找到；发现 强调寻找的结果 I found my key under the desk. 我在桌子下找到了钥匙。 find out 查明；弄清 强调经过努力得知真相、事实、秘密 Please find out when the meeting starts. 请查明会议开始的时间。 look for 寻找 强调寻找的动作、过程 She is looking for her pen. 她正在找她的钢笔。 【典例】The teacher ______ who broke the window just now. A. looked for B. found C. found out D. looked out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师刚才查明了是谁打碎了窗户。look for 强调寻找动作；find 侧重偶然找到物品；find out 指查明真相、实情；look out 意为 “小心”。结合语境选 C。 【即练1】I ______ my notebook everywhere, but I didn't ______ it. A. looked for; find B. found; looked for C. found out; find D. looked for; find out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我到处找我的笔记本，但是没有找到。第一空强调寻找的过程，用 looked for；第二空强调最终结果，用 find，故选 A。 【即练2】翻译句子 请你查明火车什么时候到站。 _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Please find out when the train will arrive. 【详解】本句考查短语 find out（查明），后接宾语从句，遵循陈述语序，结合句意翻译即可。 3. She also had a talent for poetry. 她还具有诗歌创作的天赋。 【详解】have a talent for (doing) sth. 有…… 天赋 ① 固定短语，后接名词或动名词，同义短语 be talented in。 例句：He has a talent for music. 他有音乐天赋。 ②have a talent for (doing) sth. =be talented in 有…… 天赋 【典例】The little girl ______ a talent ______ drawing. A. has; for B. is; for C. has; in D. is; at 【答案】A 【详解】结合句意 “这个小女孩有绘画天赋”。固定搭配 have a talent for sth. 表示 “有…… 天赋”，故选 A。 【即练1】用所给词适当形式填空 ①He has a talent for ______ (sing). 【答案】singing 【详解】固定短语 have a talent for 后接名词或动名词，sing 的动名词形式为 singing，故填 singing。 ②My sister is ______ (talent) in dancing. 【答案】talented 【详解】固定搭配 be talented in sth. 表示 “在某方面有天赋”，此处用形容词 talented，故填 talented。 【即练2】她有写作的天赋。 _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She has a talent for writing. 【详解】固定短语 have a talent for 表示 “有…… 天赋”，for 后接动名词，结合主语人称和时态，故翻译为 She has a talent for writing。 3.Wang learnt more and more about astronomy and mathematics, even though the language in the science books was very old-fashioned and difficult to understand. 王对天文学和数学的知识了解得越来越多，尽管科学书籍中的语言非常陈旧且难以理解。 【详解】（1）old-fashioned /ˌəʊld ˈfæʃnd/adj. 老式的；过时的。 修饰语言、服饰、观念、物品；反义词 modern（现代的）。 例句：These old books use old-fashioned words. 这些古书用词老旧。 （2）even though 尽管；虽然（引导让步状语从句），可与 although 互换，不与 but 连用。 例句：Even though it rained, we went out. 尽管下雨，我们还是出门了。 【典例】 ______ he is young, he knows a lot. A. But B. Even though C. So D. And 【答案】B 【详解】结合句意 “尽管他年纪小，却懂得很多”。even though 意为 “尽管、虽然”，引导让步状语从句；but 但是，so 所以，and 和，均不符合语境。故选 B。 【即练1】The clothes look ______ (old-fashion). （用所给词的正确形式填空） 【答案】old-fashioned 【详解】此处需用形容词作表语，old-fashioned 表示 “老式的、过时的”，故填 old-fashioned。 【即练2】翻译句子 ①这款老式家具现在很少见了。 _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This old-fashioned furniture is seldom seen now. 【详解】old-fashioned 作形容词修饰名词 furniture，意为 “老式的”，结合句意翻译即可。 ②尽管路途遥远，他们还是准时到达了。 _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Even though the journey was long, they arrived on time. 【详解】even though 引导让步状语从句，不与 but 连用，按照句式翻译即可。 4.With this in mind, she rewrote the mathematician Mei Wending's famous book about calculation. 基于这一考虑，她重写了数学家梅文鼎那本关于计算的著名著作。 【详解】with this in mind 考虑到这一点；心中想着此事 ① 固定介词短语，常在句首作状语，语序固定，不可颠倒。 ② 同义短语：considering that 考虑到。 【典例】 ______, we should make a careful plan first. A. With this in mind B. In fact C. At last D. All the time 【答案】A 【详解】结合句意 “考虑到这一点，我们应当先制定周密的计划”。with this in mind 意为 “考虑到这一点”；in fact 事实上，at last 最后，all the time 一直，均不符合语境。故选 A。 【即练1】______ this in mind, she decided to rewrite the book. A. In B. With C. On D. For 【答案】B 【详解】固定短语 with this in mind 表示 “考虑到这一点”，此处介词只能用 with，其他介词无法搭配该短语。故选 B。 【即练2】考虑到这一点，我接受了这个建议。 _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With this in mind, I accepted the advice. 【详解】with this in mind 是固定短语，意为 “考虑到这一点”，常在句首作状语；本句描述过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用 accept 的过去式 accepted；advice 为不可数名词，意为 “建议”，无需变形，结合句式和词义完成翻译。 5.In addition to her achievements in mathematics and astronomy, Wang Zhenyi was an excellent poet, and she wrote about unusually modern topics. 除了在数学和天文学方面的成就外，王贞仪还是一位杰出的诗人，她的作品涉及许多极具现代性的主题。 【详解】in addition to 除…… 之外（还有） 【拓展】辨析In addition to 与in addition ①in addition to + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词（介词短语），后必须接宾语，意为 “除…… 之外（还有）”； 例：In addition to English, I learn French. 除了英语，我还学法语。 ②in addition（副词短语），单独使用，置于句首 / 句末，意为 “此外、另外”，后面不接宾语。 例：In addition, we need more time. 此外，我们还需要更多时间。 【典例】______ maths, she also does well in astronomy. A. In addition B. In addition to C. Except D. Beside 【答案】B 【详解】结合句意 “除了数学之外，她天文学也很出色”。空后有名词 maths，需用介词短语 in addition to；in addition 后不接宾语，except 表示 “排除在外”，beside 意为 “在…… 旁边”，均不符合题意。故选 B。 【即练1】 In addition ______ music, he likes painting. A. of B. to C. for D. with 【答案】B 【详解】固定搭配 in addition to 表示 “除…… 之外（还有）”，介词必须用 to，其他介词不构成此短语。故选 B。 【即练2】翻译句子 除了科学方面的成就，他还是一名优秀的作家。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In addition to his achievements in science, he is an excellent writer. 【详解】in addition to 为固定介词短语，意为 “除…… 之外（还有）”，to 后接名词短语作宾语；achievements 表示 “成就”，结合句意翻译即可。 6.Are you not convinced, 您难道还不相信吗？ Daughters can also be heroic?女儿们同样可以成为英雄！ 【详解】convinced /kənˈvɪnst/adj. 坚信的；确信的 常用搭配： be convinced (that) 坚信……；确信……，后可接 that 引导的宾语从句，that 可省略。 be convinced of sth. 相信某事 例句：I am convinced that she is right. 我坚信她是对的。 【拓展】convince /kənˈvɪns/v. 使确信；说服 常用搭配：convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 变形：convincing adj. 令人信服的 ；convinced adj. 感到确信的 【典例】I am ______ that he will win the game. A. convince B. convinced C. convincing D. convinces 【答案】B 【详解】结合句意 “我确信他会赢得比赛”。be convinced that… 为固定搭配，意为 “确信……”；convince 是动词，convincing 多修饰事物，均不符合用法。故选 B。 【即练1】She is convinced ______ her own idea. A. of B. to C. with D. for 【答案】A 【详解】固定搭配 be convinced of sth. 表示 “相信某事”，介词用 of，其余介词不搭配。故选 A。 【即练2】 ①The story is so ______ that everyone believes it. A. convinced B. convincing C. convince D. convinces 【答案】B 【详解】convincing 意为 “令人信服的”，多用于修饰事物；convinced 意为 “感到确信的”，多用来描述人的感受。本句修饰 story，故选 B。 ②I feel ______ that she will succeed. A. convincing B. convinced C. convince D. to convince 【答案】B 【详解】此处主语为人，表达 “感到确信的”，应用 convinced；convincing 修饰事物，动词形式不符合句子结构。故选 B。 【即练3】我坚信努力终会有回报。（翻译句子） ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I am convinced that hard work will pay off. 【详解】be convinced that… 是固定句型，意为 “坚信……”，that 引导宾语从句，结合句意翻译即可。 7.It is said that he was so concentrated on translating The Communist Manifesto that he didn't realize he was eating ink! 据说他全神贯注地翻译《共产党宣言》，以至于完全没有意识到自己正在吃墨水！ 【详解】 （1）be concentrated on 全神贯注于；同义短语：focus on；后接名词或动名词。 例句：She is concentrated on her homework. 她专心写作业。 （2）It is said that... 据说。固定形式主语句型，it 作形式主语，真正主语为后面的从句。 例句：It is said that he is a great writer. 据说他是一位伟大的作家。 （3）so...that... 如此…… 以至于。引导结果状语从句，so 后接形容词 / 副词。 例句：He was so busy that he forgot to eat. 他太忙了，忘了吃饭。 【典例】He is concentrated ______ his study all day. A. in B. on C. at D. with 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查固定搭配 be concentrated on，表示 “全神贯注于……”，是固定短语，介词只能用 on，其余介词均不能与之搭配。故选 B。 【即练1】 It ______ that they will arrive soon. A. says B. is said C. said D. was said 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查固定句型 It is said that...，意为 “据说……”。该句型中 it 作形式主语，无实际含义，为通用客观表达，常用一般现在时。A、C 形式错误；D 为一般过去时，不符合本句语境。故选 B。 【即练2】She was ______ tired ______ she couldn't walk any further. A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to 【答案】A 【详解】本题考查结果状语从句。so + 形容词 / 副词 + that 从句 表示 “如此…… 以至于……”；本空后为形容词 tired，且后面接完整句子，符合 so…that… 用法。such 后接名词短语；too…to… 后接动词原形；enough…to… 表示 “足够…… 去做”，均不符合句式结构。故选 A。 【即练3】完成句子 ①据说他非常勤奋。 ________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is said that he is very hard-working. 【详解】本句使用核心句型 It is said that...，it 作形式主语，that 引导真正的主语从句，从句使用陈述语序；“勤奋的” 译为 hard-working，整句为客观表述，主从句均使用一般现在时。 ②他全神贯注于阅读，以至于没听见敲门声。 ________________________________________________________ 【答案】He was so concentrated on reading that he didn't hear the knock at the door. 【详解】① be concentrated on 为固定搭配，意为 “全神贯注于”，on 是介词，后接动名词 reading；② 整体使用 so + 形容词 + that 从句 结构引导结果状语从句；③ 句子描述过去发生的事情，主句和从句的谓语动词均使用一般过去时。 8.Through his /her hard work, he / she managed to ... 凭借他的/她的辛勤努力，他/她成功地…… 【详解】manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 辨析：manage to do&try to do 短语 核心含义 侧重点 典型例句 manage to do 设法做 成某事 强调结果成功 He managed to finish the translation on time. 他设法按时完成了翻译工作。 try to do 努力做某事 强调过程，结果不一定成功 He tried to climb the mountain, but the bad weather stopped him. 他努力想爬上这座山，但恶劣的天气阻止了他。 【典例】Through her hard work, she managed_______ (pass) the difficult exam finally.（用所给词适当形式填空） 【答案】 to pass 【详解】句意：凭借不懈努力，她最终成功通过了这场难度很大的考试。本题考查固定搭配 manage to do sth.（设法做成某事），结合语境动作已发生，使用一般过去时，故填to pass。 【即练1】 Although it rained heavily, we ________ get home safely. A. tried doing B. tried to C. managed to D. managed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：虽然雨下得很大，我们还是安全回到了家。manage to do 侧重最终达成目标，try to do 仅强调努力过程。本句表示顺利到家，是成功的结果，故选 C。 【即练2】完成句子 凭借他的坚持与努力，他成功完成了这项艰巨的任务。 Through his perseverance and hard work, he ________ ________ ________ the tough task. 【答案】managed to finish 【详解】句意：凭借他的坚持与努力，他成功完成了这项艰巨的任务。考查固定结构 manage to do sth.，动作发生在过去，谓语用一般过去时，故填 managed to finish。 9.is considered to be... 被认为是... 【详解】be considered to be + 名词 / 形容词。含义：被认为是……；被看作……，属于被动语态，主语为动作承受者，描述客观评价。 例句：She is considered to be a good teacher.（她被认为是一名优秀的老师。） 主动结构：consider sb./sth. (to be) + 名词 / 形容词；认为某人 / 某物是……，to be 常可省略。 例句：We consider him (to be) honest.（我们认为他为人诚实。） 【拓展】consider doing sth. 意为考虑做某事，consider 后接动名词作宾语，不接动词不定式。 例句：I am considering changing my plan.（我正在考虑改变我的计划。） 【典例】This old building ________ one of the local cultural symbols. A. considers to be B. is considered to be C. considered being D. is considered being 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这座古老的建筑被认为是当地的文化象征之一。考查固定搭配与语态。be considered to be 为固定用法，表示 “被认为是”，本句主语和 consider 之间为被动关系，需使用被动语态，故选 B。 【即练1】My mother is considering ________ a new mobile phone. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妈妈正在考虑买一部新手机。考查固定搭配 consider doing sth.（考虑做某事），consider 后接动名词形式，故选 C。 【即练2】Most students consider her ________ (friend).（用所给词适当形式填空） 【答案】(to be) friendly 【详解】句意：大多数学生都认为她很友善。考查主动结构 consider sb. (to be)+ 形容词，to be 可以省略，此处用形容词 friendly 作宾语补足语，故填 (to be) friendly。 【即练3】这个地方被认为是这座城市里最美的公园之一。(完成句子) The place ________ ________ ________ one of the most beautiful parks in the city.（被认为是） 【答案】is considered to be 【详解】本题考查固定结构 be considered to be（被认为是）。主语 The place 为第三人称单数，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，be 动词用 is，故填 is considered to be。 10. significant 【详解】significant表重要的：相当于 important，可修饰事件、人物、决定等；表显著的：常用来描述变化、进步、差异等； 常用搭配：a significant change 显著变化 a significant difference 明显差异 significant progress 巨大进步 例句There has been a significant change in the weather. 天气出现了明显的变化。 【派生词】significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ n. 重要性；意义 significantly adv. 显著地；值得注意地 搭配：the significance of …… 的重要性 / 意义 句型：It is significant for sb. to do sth.对某人来说，做某事具有重要意义。 例：We know the significance of this task. 我们清楚这项任务的重要性。 例：It is significant for us to learn history. 对我们来说，学习历史有着重要意义。 【典例】It is significant ______ us ______ keep learning every day. A. for; to B. of; to C. for; in D. of; in 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定句型 It is significant for sb. to do sth.（对某人来说做某事意义重大），介词用 for，后面接动词不定式，故选 A。 【即练1】Do you realize the ______ of this decision? A. significant B. significance C. significantly D. more significant 【答案】B 【详解】定冠词 the 后需接名词作宾语，significance 是名词，意为 “重要性、意义”；significant 为形容词，significantly 为副词，均不能作宾语。故选 B。 【即练2】完成句子 1.这次考试成绩有显著的提升。 _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There has been a significant improvement in the exam results. 【详解】本句采用 there be 句型的现在完成时 There has been，用来强调从过去延续到现在的变化与结果；significant 是形容词，作定语修饰名词 improvement，意为 “显著的”；固定搭配 improvement in sth. 表示 “在某方面有所提升”，整体结合词汇、时态与句式完成翻译。 2. 对年轻人来说，了解传统文化意义重大。 _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is significant for young people to know traditional culture. 【详解】本题考查固定句型 It is significant for sb. to do sth.（对某人来说，做某事具有重要意义）。句中 it 为形式主语，无实际含义，用来平衡句子结构；真正的主语是后面的动词不定式 to know traditional culture。介词固定搭配 for 引出动作的对象 young people；significant 为形容词，在句中作表语，意为 “有重要意义的”；traditional culture 表示 “传统文化”。 11.truth 【详解】truth n. 真理；事实；真相 常用搭配：tell the truth 说实话；讲真话 find out the truth 查明真相 in truth 事实上；的确 【派生词】 true adj. 真实的；正确的（形容词原形） truly adv. 真正地；真诚地（副词） truthful adj. 诚实的；如实的（形容词） 【典例】Please tell me the ______ about what happened just now. A. true B. truth C. truthful D. truly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：请把刚才发生的事情的真相告诉我。定冠词 the 后接名词，truth 为名词，意为 “真相”；true 是形容词，truly 是副词，truthful 是形容词，均不符合语法，故选 B。 【即练 1】We all believe that science can discover the ______ (true). 【答案】truth 【详解】句意：我们都相信科学能够发现真理。定冠词 the 后需用名词，true 对应的名词形式为 truth，故填 truth。 【即练 2】You should always ______ ______ ______ （说实话）instead of lying. （补全句子） 【答案】tell the truth 【详解】句意：你应该始终说实话，不要撒谎。固定短语 tell the truth 表示 “说实话”，情态动词 should 后接动词原形，故填 tell the truth。 12. 辨析fight for&fight against &fight with 【详解】 fight for：为…… 而战斗 / 奋斗（表目的，争取获得某物 / 支持某人） fight against：对抗；反对；与…… 作斗争（表对象，抵御敌人、困难、不良事物） fight with：① 和…… 并肩作战（=fight alongside，表合作）；② 和…… 打架（表冲突） 【典例】We should ______ our dreams and never give up. A. fight for B. fight against C. fight with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该为梦想奋斗，永不放弃。fight for 意为 “为…… 奋斗”，符合语境；fight against 对抗，fight with 与…… 打架 / 并肩作战，故选 A。 【即练 1】全世界人民反对战争，热爱和平。（完成句子） People all over the world ______ ______ the war and love peace. 【答案】fight against 【详解】句意：fight against 表示 “反对、与…… 作斗争”，主语为复数，时态为一般现在时，故填 fight against。 【即练 2】两支军队并肩作战，共同击败了敌人。（完成句子） The two armies ______ ______ each other and defeated the enemy together. 【答案】fought with 【详解】句意：fight with 此处表示 “与…… 并肩作战”，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时 fought with，故填 fought with。 二、核心句型&语法（形容词 + that 从句，单元语法重点） 【句型结构】主语 + be + 情感形容词 + (that) 从句 可省略引导词 that，常用形容词：glad, sad, sure, certain, excited, unaware, confident 等。 【课本原句】 •I'm glad that I have learnt a lot about the great Chinese writer and thinker. 我很高兴我了解了很多关于这位伟大的中国作家和思想家的事情。 •Marie Curie was sure that everything in nature is made up of elements. 玛丽·居里确信自然界中的一切都是由元素组成的。 【拓展】 ①当形容词为 not sure 或 not certain 时，后面可以接 wh-从句（what, who, when, where, how, why 等引导的从句）。 结构： 主语 + be动词+ not sure/not certain + wh-从句 例句：I am not sure what he will do next. 我不确定他接下来要做什么。 ②"形容词+that 从句"结构可以与"be + 形容词 + to do sth"结构进行转换： • I'm glad that I can help you. = I'm glad to help you. • She was surprised that she won the prize. = She was surprised to win the prize. 【典例】 I am excited ______ I will take part in the school sports meeting. A. that B. what C. when D. how 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我很激动我将要参加校运动会。本题考查be + 形容词 + that 从句结构，that 引导宾语从句，无实义，可省略。结合句意选 A。 【即练1】用适当引导词填空 She is sure ______ she will pass the coming English test. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：她确信自己会通过即将到来的英语考试。考查 be sure + that 从句，that 引导从句，在句中不作成分，故填 that。 【即练2】I am not sure ______ he will arrive tomorrow. A. that B. when C. what D. which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不确定他明天什么时候到。not sure 后常接 wh - 从句，when 表示 “什么时候”，符合语境，故选 B。 【即练3】句型转换 I'm happy that I can make friends with you.（改为同义句） I'm happy ______ ______ friends with you. 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：我很高兴能和你交朋友。考查句型转换，be + 形容词 + that 从句可转换为 be + 形容词 + to do sth.，故填 to make。 一、单词拼写 1.He is an o______ artist and his works are popular all over the country. 【答案】outstanding 【详解】句意：他是一位杰出的艺术家，他的作品在全国都很受欢迎。此处用形容词修饰名词 artist，结合首字母 o，outstanding 表示 “杰出的；优秀的”，故填 outstanding。 2.My grandma likes wearing o______ clothes from her young days. 【答案】old-fashioned 【详解】句意：我奶奶喜欢穿她年轻时的老式衣服。形容词修饰名词 clothes，结合首字母 o 和单词释义，old-fashioned 意为 “老式的；过时的”，故填 old-fashioned。 3.Many people enjoy listening to c______ music in their free time. 【答案】classical 【详解】句意：很多人空闲时喜欢听古典音乐。根据语境、首字母 c 及单元单词，classical 表示 “古典的”，修饰 music，故填 classical。 4.He is just an o______ person without any special talents. 【答案】ordinary 【详解】句意：他只是一个普通人，没有什么特殊天赋。形容词修饰名词 person，结合首字母 o，ordinary 意为 “普通的；平凡的”，故填 ordinary。 5.There is a bright l______ on the desk to give light. 【答案】lamp 【详解】句意：桌子上有一盏明亮的灯用来照明。不定冠词 a 后接单数名词，结合首字母 l 和语境，lamp 表示 “灯”，故填 lamp。 6.The famous p______ wrote thousands of beautiful poems in his life. 【答案】poet 【详解】句意：这位著名的诗人一生创作了数千首优美的诗歌。根据后文 poems 以及首字母 p 可知，此处填写名词 poet，意为 “诗人”，故填 poet。 7.I am fully c______ that you will succeed in the end. 【答案】convinced 【详解】句意：我完全确信你最终会取得成功。固定搭配 be convinced that…，结合首字母 c，convinced 表示 “坚信的；确信的”，故填 convinced。 8.The great p______ thought deeply about life and society. 【答案】philosopher 【详解】句意：这位伟大的哲学家深入思考人生与社会。结合首字母 p 和语境，philosopher 意为 “哲学家”，故填 philosopher。 9.This d______ created many wonderful plays for the theatre. 【答案】dramatist 【详解】句意：这位剧作家为剧院创作了许多精彩的戏剧。由 plays（戏剧）和首字母 d 可知，dramatist 表示 “剧作家”，故填 dramatist。 10.What's your j______ on his new novel? Do you like it? 【答案】judgement 【详解】句意：你对他的新小说有什么看法？你喜欢吗？形容词性物主代词 your 后接名词，结合首字母 j，judgement 意为 “看法；评价”，故填 judgement。 11.We need to make an e______ of his work performance. 【答案】evaluation 【详解】句意：我们需要对他的工作表现做出评价。不定冠词 an 后接单数名词，结合首字母 e，evaluation 表示 “评价；评估”，故填 evaluation。 12.The teacher asked us to learn the b______ of this great man. 【答案】background 【详解】句意：老师让我们了解这位伟人的背景。定冠词 the 后接名词，结合首字母 b，background 意为 “背景”，故填 background。 13.It is s______ for us to learn the history of great people. 【答案】significant 【详解】句意：了解伟人的历史对我们来说意义重大。本句为 It is + 形容词 + to do 句型，结合首字母 s，significant 表示 “有重大意义的；显著的”，故填 significant。 14.This event is an important m______ in the country's history. 【答案】milestone 【详解】句意：这件事是这个国家历史上一个重要的里程碑。不定冠词 an 后接单数名词，结合首字母 m，milestone 意为 “里程碑；重要事件”，故填 milestone。 15.The scientist's research has a huge i______ on modern medicine. 【答案】impact 【详解】句意：这位科学家的研究对现代医学有着巨大的影响。固定搭配 have an impact on，结合首字母 i，impact 表示 “巨大影响”，故填 impact。 二、单项选择 1.She is an ______ artist and her works are widely praised. A. ordinary B. outstanding C. old-fashioned D. classical 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她是一位杰出的艺术家，她的作品广受赞誉。outstanding 意为 “杰出的”；ordinary 普通的；old-fashioned 过时的；classical 古典的。结合语境选 B。 2.Most young people don't like ______ clothes or ideas. A. old-fashioned B. significant C. ordinary D. classical 【答案】A 【详解】句意：大多数年轻人不喜欢老式的服饰和观念。old-fashioned 表示 “老式的、过时的”，符合句意，故选 A。 3. Many students enjoy listening to ______ music in their free time. A. ordinary B. classical C. convinced D. background 【答案】B 【详解】句意：很多学生闲暇时喜欢听古典音乐。classical music 为固定搭配，意为 “古典音乐”，故选 B。 4.It took the police several days to ______ who broke into the house last night. A. look for B. find C. find out D. care for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：警方花了好几天才查明昨晚是谁闯入了这栋房子。find out 指经过调查查明真相；look for 强调寻找的动作；find 侧重偶然找到物品；care for 照顾。故选 C。 5.The young girl ______ singing, so she learns it day and night. A. has a talent for B. is talented at C. has talent in D. is talent for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个小女孩有唱歌的天赋，所以她日夜练习。固定搭配 have a talent for /be talented in 表示 “有…… 天赋”，只有 A 选项用法正确，故选 A。 6.______ the road was full of traffic, we still got to school on time. A. But B. Even though C. So D. Because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：尽管路上交通拥堵，我们还是准时到校了。even though 引导让步状语从句，意为 “尽管”；but 但是，so 所以，because 因为，均不符合逻辑。故选 B。 7.The little boy was so ______ the cartoon that he didn't hear his mother's call. A. concentrated in B. concentrated on C. focused at D. focused with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：小男孩全神贯注地看动画片，没有听见妈妈的呼唤。固定搭配 be concentrated on /focus on 表示 “全神贯注于”，故选 B。 8.After trying three times, he ______ climb up the high mountain successfully. A. tried to B. managed to C. tried doing D. managed doing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：尝试三次之后，他终于成功爬上了这座高山。manage to do sth. 强调成功做成某事；try to do 只表示努力做（结果未知），故选 B。 9.We all ______ the great scientist ______ one of the wisest people in history. A. consider; to be B. consider; being C. are considered; to be D. are considered; being 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们都认为这位伟大的科学家是历史上最有智慧的人之一。主动结构 consider sb. (to be)+ 名词 / 形容词，表示 “认为某人是……”，故选 A。 10. I am sure ______ our team will win the final game. A. what B. that C. when D. where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我确信我们队会赢得决赛。本句考查 be sure + that 从句，that 引导宾语从句，无实义且不充当句子成分，故选 B。 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.She is an ______ (outstand) writer and her works are popular worldwide. 【答案】outstanding 【详解】此处需要形容词修饰名词 writer，outstand 为动词，其形容词形式 outstanding 表示 “杰出的”，故填 outstanding。 2.It is not easy ______ (find) out the secret behind the old story. 【答案】to find 【详解】本句为固定句型 It is + adj. + to do sth.，it 作形式主语，真正主语为后面的动词不定式，故填 to find。 3.My brother has a talent for ______ (play) the piano. 【答案】playing 【详解】固定搭配 have a talent for doing sth.（有做某事的天赋），for 是介词，后接动名词形式，故填 playing。 4.These ______ (old-fashion) words are seldom used in modern daily English. 【答案】old-fashioned 【详解】形容词作定语修饰名词 words，old-fashioned 意为 “老式的、过时的”，故填 old-fashioned。 5.In addition to ______ (study) maths, he also devotes himself to astronomy. 【答案】studying 【详解】in addition to 是介词短语，后接名词或动名词，因此 study 变为动名词 studying，故填 studying。 6.The movie is so ______ (convince) that all the audience are moved. 【答案】convincing 【详解】convincing 用来修饰事物，表示 “令人信服的”；本句主语为 movie（事物），故填 convincing。 7.He was concentrated on ______ (translate) the article when I came in. 【答案】translating 【详解】be concentrated on 后接名词或动名词，on 为介词，translate 的动名词形式为 translating，故填 translating。 8.They managed ______ (solve) the difficult problem at last. 【答案】to solve 【详解】固定搭配 manage to do sth. 表示 “设法做成某事”，故填 to solve。 9.I am considering ______ (visit) the museum this weekend. 【答案】visiting 【详解】固定用法 consider doing sth.（考虑做某事），consider 后接动名词作宾语，故填 visiting。 10.Do you know the ______ (significant) of this great invention? 【答案】significance 【详解】定冠词 the 后接名词，significant 是形容词，其名词形式 significance 意为 “重要性、意义”，故填 significance。 四、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Have you ever heard of Wang Zhenyi? Perhaps most of us didn’t know this great name 1 she was introduced in a CCTV programme. She lived in the Qing Dynasty, when educational chances for girls were very 2 . Yet, with 3 family’s strong support, she started a special journey of teaching herself, proving that true learning often begins with personal curiosity. When she was young, she 4 to read widely from the home library, which contained books on many different subjects. This early encouragement helped build 5 strong interest in astronomy. Unlike many people, she refused 6 unscientific ideas about events like lunar eclipses (月食). “I must see the truth 7 my own eyes,” she told herself. She kept this thought in mind 8 while doing her experiments late into the evening. Her way of working was serious and 9 , always step by step. To find out how a lunar eclipse happens, she placed simple objects in her room, creating a small model of the solar system. She moved a round table, a lamp, and a mirror slowly 10 the movements of the Earth, Sun, and Moon, demonstrating the cause of the eclipse. Through this simple but clever model, she explained 11 sunlight is shaded during this event, making a complex idea easy to understand. Her important 12 to science was realized mainly through writing. She 13 many clear and helpful articles. Even ordinary people could understand difficult ideas without needing special training. Her life was short, 14 her brave mind and clear thinking left a lasting mark on Chinese science. Today, her story continues to teach us that we 15 overcome problems and achieve great things through curiosity, hard work, and a belief in ourselves. 1．A．unless B．because C．after D．until 2．A．much B．little C．few D．many 3．A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 4．A．allowed B．was allowed C．have allowed D．will allow 5．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 6．A．believe B．believing C．to believe D．believed 7．A．through B．by C．in D．with 8．A．quiet B．quieten C．quietly D．quietness 9．A．patient B．patiently C．more patient D．more patiently 10．A．copy B．to copy C．copying D．copied 11．A．how B．when C．what D．where 12．A．contribute B．contributes C．contributed D．contribution 13．A．write B．writes C．wrote D．will write 14．A．and B．but C．so D．or 15．A．can B．must C．should D．would 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．A 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文介绍了清代女科学家王贞仪，在古代女子求学机会稀少的环境下，依靠家人支持自学，潜心钻研天文、通过自制模型探究月食原理、撰文科普知识，用一生证明好奇心与坚持能突破困境、成就不凡。 【详解】1．句意：或许在央视节目介绍她之前，我们大多数人都不知道这个伟大的名字。 固定结构not…until…：直到……才……，此处表示知道央视节目介绍，大家才知道这个伟大的名字，用until。unless除非；because因为；after在……之后，均不符合句意逻辑。 2．句意：她生活在清朝，那时女孩子受教育的机会非常少。 chances是可数名词复数，few修饰可数名词表否定“少、几乎没有”；little修饰不可数名词；much/many表大量，和历史背景“古代女子难读书”矛盾。 3．句意：然而，在她家人的大力支持下，她开启了自学的独特历程……。 空后有名词family，需要形容词性物主代词her作定语；she主格、hers名词性物主代词、herself反身代词都不能修饰名词。 4．句意：年少时，她被允许在家中的藏书室广泛阅读……。 主语she和allow是被动关系“被准许”，全文过去时态，一般过去时被动语态was allowed；A主动过去式、C现在完成时主动、D将来时主动，均语态错误。 5．句意：这份早年的熏陶帮她培养出了浓厚的天文学兴趣。 固定搭配build an interest“产生兴趣”，strong辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a；an用于元音开头单词，the特指，零冠词不适用。 6．句意：和很多人不同，她拒绝相信月食相关的不科学说法。 固定搭配refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事，不定式作宾语，用to believe。 7．句意：我必须亲眼看清真相。 固定搭配with one’s own eyes亲眼；through穿过；by凭借；in在里面，无此搭配。 8．句意：她深夜做实验时，一直默默秉持这个想法。 空格修饰动词短语“kept this thought in mind”，需副词quietly；quiet形容词、quieten动词、quietness名词词性不符。 9．句意：她治学严谨且有耐心，做事循序渐进。 and连接并列形容词，和serious并列用原级形容词patient。 10．句意：她缓慢挪动圆桌、台灯和镜子来模拟日月地的运行。 不定式to copy作目的状语，表挪动物品的目的。 11．句意：借助这个精巧简易的模型，她解释了月食时太阳光如何被遮挡……。 此处指解释月食时太阳光如何被遮挡，宾语从句缺方式状语“如何、怎样”用how；when何时、what什么、where何地和“光线被遮挡的方式”语义不符。 12．句意：她对科学的重要贡献主要体现在著作上。 空前important形容词修饰名词，contribution名词“贡献”。 13．句意：她撰写了许多清晰有用的文章。 全文讲述过去的生平，一般过去时，write过去式wrote。 14．句意：她的一生很短暂，但她果敢的思想与缜密的思考在中国科学史上留下深远影响。 前后分句转折关系：生命短，但成就深远，用but；and并列、so因果、or选择，均逻辑错误。 15．句意：如今她的故事告诉我们：凭借好奇心、实干与自信，我们能够克服困难、创造伟大的成就。 此处表示能力，can“能够”符合；must必须；should应该；would将会，不符合语境。 五、完形填空 Deng Jiaxian (1924-1986) was born in Anhui. To get a good 1 , his parents sent him to a Beijing primary school. He learned all kinds of 2 , like math and ancient poetry, and worked very hard. Later, he studied physics at Purdue University in the US and earned a doctorate (博士学位). Knowing China 3 him, he returned home soon. In 1958, Deng 4 an important task: developing China’s nuclear weapons (核武器). Leading a team of young scientists, he worked tirelessly. On October 16, 1964, China’s first atomic bomb (原子弹) exploded 5 in the Gobi Desert. 6 , years of nuclear work led to health problems for Deng. Though seriously ill, he never stopped 7 China’s nuclear cause (事业). He once said: “If I could live again, I would still 8 China.” His story teaches us to love our 9 . We should always treasure and 10 what he did for China. 1．A．suggestion B．vacation C．education D．instruction 2．A．games B．sports C．activities D．subjects 3．A．forgot B．needed C．found D．reported 4．A．refused B．avoided C．accepted D．failed 5．A．successfully B．accidentally C．suddenly D．terribly 6．A．Normally B．Sadly C．Quickly D．Luckily 7．A．arguing about B．taking after C．putting off D．caring for 8．A．leave B．forget C．hate D．choose 9．A．culture B．country C．family D．team 10．A．honor B．doubt C．explain D．repeat 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述邓稼先为祖国核事业奉献一生的感人事迹，从求学、归国、接受重任到带病坚持工作，最终以生命践行对国家的忠诚，激励后人热爱祖国、铭记英雄。 1．句意：为了获得良好的教育，他的父母送他去北京的一所小学读书。 根据后文“his parents sent him to a Beijing primary school”及“Later, he studied physics...and earned a doctorate”，可知该部分围绕求学经历展开，“get a good education”是固定搭配，因此填education。suggestion“建议”、vacation“假期”、instruction“指导”，均不符。 2．句意：他学习了各种学科，比如数学和古诗词，并且非常努力。 空后为“like math and ancient poetry”，是具体科目，且“all kinds of”后接复数名词，因此空格应用subjects。games“游戏”、sports“运动”、activities“活动”，均不符。 3．句意：知道中国需要他，他很快就回国了。 根据后半句“he returned home soon”，可推断是祖国“需要”他，且描述的是过去的事情，应用needed。forgot“忘记”、found“发现”、reported“报道”，语义均不成立。 4．句意：1958年，邓稼先接受了一项重要任务：研制中国的核武器。 下文“Leading a team...he worked tirelessly”说明他确实承担并执行了这项任务，“accept a task”是常用搭配表示接受任务。refused“拒绝”、avoided“回避”、failed“失败”，语义均不通。 5．句意：1964年10月16日，中国第一颗原子弹在戈壁沙漠成功爆炸。 根据下文“developing China’s nuclear weapons”和“he worked tirelessly”，成果应为正面、圆满；副词修饰动词exploded，应用successfully 表示“成功地”。accidentally“意外地”有负面含义不符；suddenly“突然地”，不强调成败；terribly“可怕地”，语义不当。 6．句意：遗憾的是，多年的核工作导致邓稼先健康出现问题。 本句转折至负面结果“led to health problems”，需用情感色彩消极的副词。Sadly表示“遗憾地、悲伤地”，符合叙述者对英雄牺牲健康的惋惜情绪。Normally“正常地”、Quickly“迅速地”、Luckily“幸运地”，均不符合该语境。 7．句意：尽管病重，他从未停止关心中国的核事业。 空后为“China’s nuclear cause”，动词短语需表达“关注、投入、奉献”。caring for表示“关心、照料、致力于”，语义贴切。arguing about“争论”，偏负面；taking after“效仿”，语义不通；putting off“推迟”，与语境相悖。 8．句意：如果我能再活一次，我依然会选择中国。 空格所在后半句缺少谓语动词。句子中“still”强调即使重来也不改变选择，空格动词需与“China”搭配，全文讲述的都是邓稼先为祖国核事业奉献的正向情感和事例，所以本空应填choose表示“选择”，强调主动、忠贞、无悔。leave“离开”、forget“忘记”、hate“憎恨”，均是负面含义，不符。 9．句意：他的故事教导我们要热爱我们的国家。 全文主线是邓稼先为国奉献，结尾升华主题；空格在“love our”后，应与“China”、“China’s nuclear cause”呼应，因此用country 表示“国家”，最契合主旨。culture“文化”、team“团队”，范围偏窄，排除；family“家庭”，不是全文讲述内容，排除。 10．句意：我们应该永远珍惜并铭记他为中国所做的一切。 and连接并列动词，应与treasure珍视的语义相近或递进；后半句“what he did for China”是值得敬仰的事迹。“honor”作动词时有“尊敬、纪念”之意，符合语境。doubt“怀疑”、explain“解释”、repeat“重复”，语义均不符。 六、阅读理解 A Liang Qichao educated his own children well. He set a good example for them and often communicated with them. If there were a talk across time and space, he would advise middle school students like this. Don’t be afraid of the difficulties in life. Never stop learning. You’ll get good results sooner or later. No matter where you go in the world, don’t forget your motherland. You have many chances and can go after your personal dreams anywhere, but you should always keep your homeland in your heart. It took Qian Xuesen five years to finally return to China from America and ten years to complete the rocket project. Mr Qian put all his life into the endless outer space as the leader of China’s “Two Bombs and One Satellite” Project. He is known as the “father of China’s space program” and “king of rockets”. Qian Xuesen was so great a scientist, but he never stopped his research. He believed that there was no end to the exploration (探索) of science and truth, and said, “Nothing is final!” When Yuan Longping was young, he saw lots of Chinese people starving. To make sure everyone had enough to eat, he worked in the fields for many years doing experiments. He didn’t stop even when others told him he was wasting his time. Because of his research, China’s rice yields (产量) increased greatly. When hunger was no longer a problem in China, Mr Yuan still spent all his time out in the experimental fields so that people could live a better life. 1．What did Liang Qichao often do to educate his children? A．He made strict rules for them. B．He communicated with them often. C．He helped them with their homework. D．He took them to travel around the world. 2．Liang Qichao would tell middle school students to ________. A．give up when facing difficulties B．stop learning after leaving school C．keep their motherland in their hearts D．only care about personal dreams 3．How long did Qian Xuesen spend finishing the rocket project? A．Five years. B．Eight years. C．Ten years. D．Fifteen years. 4．Why did Yuan Longping work on rice research at first? A．To become a famous scientist. B．To help people out of hunger. C．To make money for himself. D．To finish his school project. 5．What can we learn from the three great people? A．We should never stop learning and working hard. B．We should spend little time on work. C．We should only think about our own future. D．We should stay away from difficulties. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了梁启超、钱学森、袁隆平三位伟人的事迹与精神品质。 【详解】1．根据第一段“He set a good example for them and often communicated with them.”可知，梁启超经常通过和孩子们交流来教育他们。 2．根据第二段梁启超对学生的建议“... you should always keep your homeland in your heart.”可知，他会告诉中学生要把祖国记在心里。 3．根据第三段“... ten years to complete the rocket project.”可知，钱学森花了十年时间完成火箭项目。 4．根据第四段“When Yuan Longping was young, he saw lots of Chinese people starving. To make sure everyone had enough to eat, he worked in the fields for many years doing experiments.”可知，袁隆平最初研究水稻是为了帮助人们摆脱饥饿。 5．文中三位伟人都展现了不畏困难、坚持学习和工作的品质：梁启超劝学生不惧困难、坚持学习；钱学森一生不断探索科学；袁隆平即便解决了饥饿问题仍坚持在田间研究。因此，我们从他们身上能学到要永不停止学习和努力奋斗的精神品质。 B In 1976, Chen Liquan was visiting Germany when he first saw a button battery. A German friend told him that lithium materials could be used to support cars. This idea inspired Chen so much that he decided to change his research field. After returning to China, Chen started working in a simple lab. He and his team made their own tools and materials. Sometimes it was dangerous—once, a test caused a fire. But they did not give up. In the 1980s, they successfully made China’s first all-solid-state lithium battery. Later, they also developed the first liquid lithium battery (液态锂电池) in China. Chen’s team later created a new technology called “in-situ solidification” (原位凝固). Instead of asking for patent fees (专利费), Chen allowed others to use it freely. He said, “If our technology can help China, that is enough. We don’t need to make money from it.” Under his influence, China’s battery industry grew quickly. Now, China makes over 70% of the world’s lithium batteries. Chen also improved the research of sodium batteries (钠离子电池), which are cheaper. By 2025, China has produced 95% of the world’s sodium batteries. Besides, Chinese scientists have made lithium batteries that can support cars to run over 1,000 km. Now, at 85, Chen still works in science. He wants to see sodium batteries used in ships and hopes young scientists will continue to explore. Chen’s story teaches us: with a strong will and a sharing heart, China has changed from a follower into a leader in battery technology. 1．What is the right order about Chen Liquan’s experience? a. He decided to change his research field. b. He and his team made their own tools and materials. c. He and his team developed the first liquid lithium battery in China. d. He and his team created a new technology called “in-situ solidification”. A．d-c-b-a B．a-b-c-d C．c-b-d-a D．b-a-c-d 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The Lab. B．The car. C．The battery. D．The technology. 3．What percentage of the world’s lithium batteries does China produce? A．More than 70%. B．Less than 70%. C．More than 95%. D．Less than 95%. 4．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．China is a follower in battery technology. B．Chen Liquan is too old to work in science. C．A strong will and a sharing heart can lead to success. D．Sodium batteries have already been used in ships now. 5．Which of the following words can best describe Chen Liquan according to the text? A．Polite and friendly. B．Lucky and outgoing. C．Brave and honest. D．Kind and hard-working. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了“中国锂电池之父”陈立泉院士受启发后投身锂电池研究，带领团队攻坚克难、无私分享技术，推动中国从电池技术的跟随者成长为引领者的故事。 【详解】1．第一段“This idea inspired Chen so much that he decided to change his research field.”说明陈立泉在德国受启发后，首先决定改变研究领域，对应a；第二段“He and his team made their own tools and materials.”提到回国后和团队自制工具和材料，对应b；第二段“Later, they also developed the first liquid lithium battery (液态锂电池) in China.”提到之后研发出中国首个液态锂电池，对应c；第三段“Chen’s team later created a new technology called ‘in-situ solidification’ (原位凝固).”说明最后团队研发出原位凝固新技术，对应d。故正确顺序为a-b-c-d。 2．第三段“Chen’s team later created a new technology called ‘in-situ solidification’ (原位凝固). Instead of asking for patent fees (专利费), Chen allowed others to use it freely.”介绍陈的团队研发了一种名为原位凝固的新技术，陈允许其他人免费使用这项技术，it指代前文提到的新技术。 3．第四段“Now, China makes over 70% of the world’s lithium batteries.”说明中国生产的锂电池占比超过70%。 4．最后一段“Chen’s story teaches us: with a strong will and a sharing heart, China has changed from a follower into a leader in battery technology.”说明坚定的意志和分享精神能带来成功。 5．本文介绍陈立泉在艰苦条件下坚持研究不放弃，85岁仍投身科研，说明他勤奋努力；他不收专利费，免费开放技术帮助国家发展，说明他无私善良。D项符合对他的描述。 七、阅读还原 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。 Zhen-Ning Yang, a world-famous physicist, passed away in Beijing at the age of 103. His long life was filled with great achievements, and he always held a deep, warm love for our motherland. Born in Hefei in 1922, Yang grew up in a family full of knowledge. His parents were both well-educated, so he grew up with books from a young age. 1 Later, he studied at National Southwestern Associated University. After graduation, Yang studied in the U. S. He received a PhD．from the University of Chicago and worked at a top research center. In 1954, his partner Robert Mills and he came up with the “Yang-Mills gauge theory.” This theory became a basic one of modern physics and helped scientists understand the world better. A few years later, in 1957, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with Tsung-Dao Lee. 2 Even though he lived abroad, Yang never forgot his home country. In 1971, he made a historic trip back to China. 3 It broke the ice for exchanges between China and the U. S. He also encouraged Chinese researchers in other countries to come back and use their skills to help China develop. What’s more, he supported many Chinese students to study abroad and gain new knowledge. In 1999, Yang returned to China in Tsinghua University. 4 He worked hard to improve China’s basic physics research, hoping to help more young scientists grow. Yang lived a simple life and did a lot of things, even though he was a famous scientist. He gave away books and manuscripts to Tsinghua to support research. He often talked to young people and shared his thoughts with them. 5 In this way, the young can continue to learn about the secrets of science and help the development of the nation. A．This visit was truly meaningful. B．Professor Yang, you’re a true hero. C．This made him known all over the world. D．He showed early talent in math and physics. E．He taught physics classes and started new programs there. F．He also encouraged them to love science and work hard for our country. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．E 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记类记叙文，介绍了世界著名物理学家杨振宁的生平事迹，包括他的成长经历、学术成就、爱国情怀以及对祖国教育和科研事业的贡献。 【详解】1．根据上文“His parents were both well-educated, so he grew up with books from a young age.”以及下文“Later, he studied at National Southwestern Associated University.”可知，此处应介绍他在青少年时期的表现，为后续的学习做铺垫。D选项“He showed early talent in math and physics.”符合语境，承上启下。 2．根据上文“A few years later, in 1957, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with Tsung-Dao Lee.”可知，获得诺贝尔奖是一个巨大的成就，带来的结果应该是世界闻名。C选项“This made him known all over the world.”是对获得诺贝尔奖这一成就的合理延伸。 3．根据上文“In 1971, he made a historic trip back to China.”以及下文“It broke the ice for exchanges between China and the U. S.”可知，此处是对这次访问的评价。A选项“This visit was truly meaningful.”起到了承上启下的作用，概括了这次访问的重要性。 4．根据上文“In 1999, Yang returned to China in Tsinghua University.”以及下文“He worked hard to improve China’s basic physics research...”可知，此处应该具体描述他在清华大学的工作内容。E选项“He taught physics classes and started new programs there.”与上下文语境紧密相连，具体说明了他回国后的贡献。 5．根据上文“He often talked to young people and shared his thoughts with them.”以及下文“In this way, the young can continue to learn about the secrets of science and help the development of the nation.”可知，此处描述的是他对年轻人的鼓励和影响。F选项“He also encouraged them to love science and work hard for our country.”符合语境，连接了上文的“分享想法”和下文的“国家发展”。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $