第02讲 Unit 1 Grammar（考点精讲精练） 新九年级英语暑假预习讲义新教材沪教版

第02讲 Unit 1 Grammar （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 学习目标导航 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 学习用 形容词 + that 从句 结构来表达观点、看法与情绪感受。 学习重点和难点 1. 运用此句式来表达观点、看法与情绪感受。 教材解析 Su Wen is telling Su Mei something about the great writer and thinker Lu Xun. Read the dialogue below and pay attention to the sentences in bold. Su Mei: How was your weekend? Did you do anything exciting? Su Wen: I went to the Lu Xun Museum. I'm glad that I have learnt a lot about the great Chinese writer and thinker. Su Mei: He first studied medicine, right? Su Wen: Yes. He wanted to be a doctor to save people's lives. But he was sad that China faced many serious problems at the time. Lu Xun finally decided to awaken the Chinese people through literature. Su Mei: He made the right decision! 我们用 “形容词 + that 从句 结构来表达观点、看法与情绪感受。” 1. 主语 + 系表结构 + that 从句 that 从句：宾语从句，用来补充说明：产生这种情绪、观点的具体内容。 that：纯引导词。写作中可以省略 （1）表达喜悦、满意、欣慰常用形容词： glad, happy, pleased, delighted I am glad (that) you can join us. 我很高兴你能加入我们。 She is happy (that) her mother gets better.妈妈身体好转，她很开心。 We are pleased that we won the match.赢得比赛，我们都很满意。 （2）表达难过、遗憾、抱歉常用形容词：sorry, sad, upset I’m sorry (that) I broke your pen.我很抱歉弄坏了你的笔。 He is sad that he can’t go for the trip.他没法去旅行，心里很难过。 （3）表达惊讶、意外常用形容词：surprised, amazed They are surprised (that) the little boy knows so much. 他们很惊讶这个小男孩懂得这么多。 （4）表达担心、焦虑常用形容词：worried, afraid My parents are worried that I stay up late.父母担心我熬夜。 I’m afraid (that) it will rain tomorrow.我担心明天会下雨。 （5）表达观点、判断、确定 / 不确定常用形容词：sure, certain I’m sure (that) you will make progress.我确定你会取得进步。 He is certain that he can finish the work on time. 他确信自己能按时完成工作。 过关练习 一、单项选择。 1.I feel excited ______ I will visit the museum tomorrow. A. what B. that C. if D. why 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我很兴奋，明天我将要去参观博物馆。 形容词 + that 从句结构。that 在从句中无词义、不作成分；what 什么；if 是否；why 为什么。从句句意完整不缺成分，用 that 引导。故选 B。 2.It is strange ______ nobody knows the answer. A. so B. which C. that D. when 【答案】C 【解析】句意：很奇怪没人知道答案。 考查固定句型 It is + 形容词 + that 从句，that 引导主语从句，无实义不作成分；so 因此；which 哪一个；when 什么时候。故选 C。 3.— Are you sure ______ he will come back soon? — Yes, I am. A. that B. how C. where D. who 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—— 你确定他很快就回来吗？—— 是的。 考查形容词 + that 从句结构。从句句意完整，用 that；how 如何；where 哪里；who 谁。be sure that… 确定……。故选 A。 4.I'm sorry ______ I broke your glass just now. A. / B. what C. which D. whose 【答案】A 【解析】句意：很抱歉我刚才打碎了你的玻璃杯。 考查形容词 + that 从句结构。I'm sorry (that)… 从句中 that 可省略；what/which/whose 均要在从句充当成分，本句从句完整。故选 A。 5.She is happy ______ her mother is better now. A. and B. but C. that D. so 【答案】C 【解析】句意：妈妈现在身体好些了，她很开心。 考查形容词 + that 从句结构。that 引导从句无含义不作成分；and 和，but 但是，so 所以都是并列连词，不能引导从句。故选 C。 二、英译汉 1.We are glad that we can take part in the activity. 我们很高兴能参加这次活动。 2.It is necessary that we eat more vegetables. 我们多吃蔬菜是很有必要的。 3.I am surprised that he knows so much about history. 我很惊讶他懂得这么多历史知识。 4.They are confident that they will pass the exam. 他们有信心能够通过这次考试。 三、汉译英 1.我确信她会完成这项工作。 I am sure (that) she will finish the work. 2. 我们很惊讶他懂得这么多知识。 We are surprised (that) he knows so much knowledge. 3.她很开心自己赢得了比赛。 She is happy (that) she won the competition. 4. 大家都相信努力终有回报。 Everyone is certain (that) hard work will pay off. 5. 他没有意识到时间过得这么快。 He is unaware (that) time passes so quickly. 四、合并或者连词成句子（用形容词 + that 从句） 1.She is glad. She meets her old friend. 【答案】She is glad that she meets her old friend. 2.They are excited. They will visit the museum tomorrow. 【答案】They are excited that they will visit the museum tomorrow. 3.I am afraid. I may forget my homework. 【答案】I am afraid that I may forget my homework. 4.am, I, happy, that, we, will, take, part, in, the, wonderful, school, activity（连词成句） 【答案】I am happy that we will take part in the wonderful school activity. 5. are, they, surprised, that, the, young, girl, knows, so, much, about, traditional, Chinese, culture（连词成句） 【答案】They are surprised that the young girl knows so much about traditional Chinese culture. 6.is, she, worried, that, she, may, miss, the, important, morning, meeting（连词成句） 【答案】She is worried that she may miss the important morning meeting. 五、短文填词 语法填空 Shen Kuo was a scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty. He did well in many fields, such as maths, physics, chemistry and medical science. He also made great contributions to art and literature. One of his 1 (famous) works is Brush Talks from Dream Brook (《梦溪笔谈》). In 1040, when Shen Kuo was nine, he took an interest 2 reading. His mother was a learned person and she influenced 3 (he) greatly. When he was eleven, Shen Kuo started receiving formal education and reading became one of his daily activities. One year later, his family moved to a different city. On the way, he learned what the outside world was like. While in his 4 (thirty), Shen Kuo often dreamed about a hill. In the dreams, the top of 5 hill was covered with beautiful flowers. A river flowed 6 (quiet) and there were trees along the river. Later, when traveling around, Shen Kuo was surprised 7 (find) a piece of land that looked exactly like the hill in his dreams. He loved the place so much that he stayed there for the rest of his life. The book Brush Talks from Dream Brook 8 (write) there. 9 Shen Kuo lived over 900 years ago, his work, Brush Talks from Dream Brook, still has a great influence on modern science and research. People 10 (translate) this scientific work into a number of different languages so far, including English, French, German and Japanese. 【答案】1. most famous 2. in 3. him 4. thirties 5. the 6. quietly 7. to find 8. was written 9. Although/Though 10. have translated 【解析】本文介绍北宋科学家沈括的学识、成长经历，讲述他结缘梦溪园并在此著成《梦溪笔谈》，这部著作至今仍影响深远，并被译成多国文字。 1. 句意：他最著名的作品之一是《梦溪笔谈》。“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定搭配，意为“最……之一”。famous的最高级是most famous。 2. 句意：1040年，沈括九岁时，他对阅读产生了兴趣。take an interest in是固定搭配，意为“对……产生兴趣”。 3. 句意：他的母亲是一个博学的人，对他影响很大。influenced后面接人称代词的宾格形式。he的宾格是him。 4. 句意：在他三十多岁时，沈括经常梦见一座山。in one’s thirties是固定搭配，意为“在某人三十多岁时”。thirty的复数形式thirties，表示“三十多岁”。 5. 句意：在梦中，山顶上开满了美丽的花。前文提到“a hill”，此处再次提到，用定冠词the表示特指。 6. 句意：一条河静静地流淌，河边长着树木。修饰动词flowed，需要用副词。quiet的副词形式是quietly。 7. 句意：后来，在旅行途中，沈括惊讶地发现一块土地看起来和他梦中的山一模一样。be surprised to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“惊讶地做某事”。 8. 句意：《梦溪笔谈》就是在那儿写成的。The book与write之间是被动关系，动作发生在过去，所以使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语The book是第三人称单数，所以填was written。 9. 句意：尽管沈括生活在900多年前，但他的《梦溪笔谈》仍然对现代科学和研究有着巨大影响。“生活在900多年前”和“仍然有巨大影响”之间是让步转折关系，用Although引导让步状语从句。句首首字母大写。 10. 句意：到目前为止，人们已经将这部科学著作翻译成了多种不同的语言，包括英语、法语、德语和日语。so far是现在完成时的标志，主语People是复数，所以用have translated。 六、配对阅读。阅读下面七位共和国勋章获得者的材料，为五位少年寻找他们的偶像。 1 Li Bingbing: My dream is to be an engineer working on the board of nuclear submarine. I want to learn from the chief designer of Long March First. 2 Wang Yimin: I enjoy doing chemical experiment and I always want to study traditional Chinese medicine. I want to read a book about a Chinese who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. 3 Mo Taoran: I often visit the space museum, with interest in satellite technology and space exploration. I want to read the stories about the chief designer of both the Beidou navigation system and China's lunar exploration project. 4 Peng Qirui: I have a dream of being a hero some day. I want to write a person who was twice awarded the title of Combat Hero during the Liberation War. 5 Cao Aiqiang: Hydro-gen bomb is a great invention. I want to learn something about the nuclear physicist who took part in detonating China’s first hydrogen bomb. A. On June 17, 1967, China detonated (引爆) its first hydrogen bomb. It took only 32 months to go from its first atomic bomb to its first hydrogen bomb. As a nuclear physicist, Yu Min played an important role in this process. B. Sun Jiadong made great contributions toward developing Chinese satellite technology and space exploration. He was chief designer of both the Beidou navigation system and China’s lunar exploration project. C. Zhang Fuqing was a soldier in the People’s Liberation Army during the Liberation War. He was twice awarded the title of Combat Hero (战斗英雄). In 1955, he volunteered to work in a distant country in Hubei province and has been helping poor people there ever since. D. Huang Xuhua was the chief designer of China’s first-generation nuclear submarine (核潜艇). Long March First, China’s earliest nuclear submarine, took its first test dive on Dec 26, 1970. Huang—who was 44 at the time—was on board for the dive. E. Tu Youyou is known for winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. She got inspiration from traditional Chinese medicine theories and discovered artemisinin (青蒿素), a medicine that can be used to treat malaria. Her finding has saved the lives of millions. F. Shen Jilan, a farmer, is a lifelong lawmaker. In 1954, she became a deputy to the National People’s Congress (全国人民代表大会代表). Since then, she has served at all 13 NPCs. She came up with the idea of equal pay for equal work between men and women. The idea was written into China’s first constitution. G. Yang Zhenning, the first Chinese Nobel-Prize winner, has worked on statistical mechanics and symmetry principles. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957 at the age of 35. He made significant contributions to the theory of the weak interactions (弱相互作用理论). 【答案】1. D 2. E 3. B 4. C 5. A 【解析】本文介绍了几位共和国勋章获得者及五位少年的一些信息。 1. 根据“I want to learn from the chief designer of Long March First.”可知，李冰冰想要向长征一号的总设计师学习。选项D“黄旭华是中国第一代核潜艇的总设计师。长征一号是中国最早的核潜艇，于1970年12月26日进行了首次试潜。当时44岁的黄正在船上潜水。”与之对应。故选D。 2. 根据“I want to read a book about a Chinese who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.”可知，王一鸣想读一本关于一位在2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的中国人的书。选项E“屠呦呦因获得2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖而闻名。她从传统中医理论中得到启发，发现了青蒿素，一种可用于治疗疟疾的药物。她的发现挽救了数百万人的生命。”与之对应。故选E。 3. 根据“I want to read the stories about the chief designer of both the Beidou navigation system and China’s lunar exploration project.”可知，莫陶然想阅读有关北斗导航系统和中国月球探测项目总设计师的故事。选项B“孙家栋为发展中国卫星技术和太空探索做出了巨大贡献。他是北斗导航系统和中国月球探测项目的首席设计师。”与之对应。故选B。 4. 根据“I want to write a person who was twice awarded the title of Combat Hero during the Liberation War.”可知，彭启睿想写一个在解放战争期间两次被授予战斗英雄称号的人。选项C“张福清是解放战争时期中国人民解放军的一名战士。他两次被授予战斗英雄称号。1955年，他自愿到湖北省的一个遥远的乡村工作，从那以后一直帮助那里的穷人。”与之对应。故选C。 5. 根据“I want to learn something about the nuclear physicist who took part in detonating China’s first hydrogen bomb.”可知，曹爱强想了解一下参与引爆中国第一颗氢弹的核物理学家。选项A“1967年6月17日，中国引爆了第一颗氢弹。从第一颗原子弹到第一颗氢弹只用了32个月。作为一名核物理学家，于敏在这个过程中发挥了重要作用。”与之对应。故选A。 七、语法选择 William Shakespeare is considered one of the 1 writers in history. He spent his childhood in 2 small town called Stratford-upon-Avon. Not much is known about his early life, but we know that he 3 a good education at the local grammar school. Later, he moved to London to work in the theater. 4 plays soon became very popular with people from all social classes (阶层). He was excellent at 5 stories that interested both common people and the king. Shakespeare's plays 6 by millions of people even today. In his tragedies (悲剧), the characters often have to make 7 choices between love and duty. Besides the famous tragedy “Romeo and Juliet”, he wrote many 8 powerful plays. This particular (独特的) love story remains popular worldwide, 9 the young lovers die in the end. However, their death helps their families understand the meaning of love and forgiveness, and finally their families stop 10 with each other. Shakespeare also had a special ability 11 about human feelings. 12 he died in 1616, his works are still alive today. You can find his plays in almost every language. People around the world still enjoy 13 his plays. We must 14 this great writer for his wonderful contribution to literature (文学). Learning about his life helps us 15 his works better. 1. A. great B. greater C. greatest D. greatly 2. A. a B. an C. the D. / 3. A. receives B. receive C. received D. was received 4. A. He B. Him C. His D. Himself 5. A. write B. writes C. wrote D. writing 6. A. are read B. read C. reading D. have read 7. A. difficulty B. difficult C. difficultly D. more difficult 8. A. another B. other C. others D. the others 9. A. though B. although C. even though D. even if 10. A. fight B. fought C. to fight D. fighting 11. A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote 12. A. Because B. If C. Though D. Unless 13. A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 14. A. remember B. remembering C. remembered D. to remember 15. A. understand B. understands C. understood D. understanding 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. C 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. A 【知识点】文学家、记叙文 【解析】本文介绍了莎士比亚的生平、成就及其作品的影响，展现了他作为文学巨匠的地位。 1. 句意：威廉・莎士比亚被认为是历史上最伟大的作家之一。 “one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，因此用greatest。 2. 句意：他在埃文河畔斯特拉特福的一个小镇上度过了童年。 small town是第一次出现的单数可数名词，用不定冠词a修饰。 3. 句意：关于他的早年生活我们知之甚少，但我们知道他在当地语法学校接受了良好的教育。 本文叙述过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语he和receive之间是主动关系，用received。 4. 句意：他的戏剧很快受到了社会各阶层人士的欢迎。 此处修饰名词plays，需用形容词性物主代词his。 5. 句意：他擅长写能吸引平民和国王的故事。 be excellent at doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“擅长做某事”，因此用writing。 6. 句意：即使在今天，莎士比亚的戏剧仍被数百万人阅读。 主语plays和read之间是被动关系，且有“even today”表示现在的状态，用一般现在时的被动语态are read。 7. 句意：在他的悲剧中，角色们常常不得不在爱与责任之间做出艰难的选择。 此处修饰名词choices，需用形容词difficult。 8. 句意：除了著名的悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，他还写了许多其他强有力的戏剧。 many other+复数名词表示“许多其他的……”，other后可接名词。 9. 句意：这个独特的爱情故事在全世界仍然很受欢迎，尽管年轻的恋人最后死了。 根据语境，前后句为转折关系，用even though。 10. 句意：然而，他们的死亡帮助家人理解爱与宽恕的意义，最终他们的家人停止了互相争斗。 stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，因此用fighting。 11. 句意：莎士比亚还有一种特殊的能力，能够写出关于人类情感的作品。 ability to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“做某事的能力”，因此用to write。 12. 句意：尽管他于 1616 年去世，但他的作品至今仍鲜活。 前后句为转折关系，用though引导让步状语从句。 13. 句意：世界各地的人们仍然喜欢阅读他的戏剧。 enjoy doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“喜欢做某事”，因此用reading。 14. 句意：我们必须记住这位为文学做出杰出贡献的伟大作家。 must是情态动词，后接动词原形remember。 15. 句意：了解他的生平有助于我们更好地理解他的作品。 help sb. (to) do sth.是固定搭配，表示“帮助某人做某事”，因此用understand。 八、完形填空 Yang Chen-Ning, a physicist and Nobel Prize winner, died in Beijing at 103. He was one of the most respected physicists of his time, making great contributions to science. In 1957, Yang and his friend Tsung - Dao Lee were 1 the Nobel Prize in Physics. Their discovery completely 2 how people understood the laws of nature. Physics shows beauty through order, but real life is often full of complexity (复杂性). Yang’s life showed this 3 . When he was 35, Yang became the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize. However, during the Cold War, Yang was far away from home and lived between two 4 — he was “an Eastern scientist in the West” and “a Western representative (代表) of the East”. In 1971, when the US government 5 travel to China again, Yang immediately returned. For years, he often travelled between the two countries to build a bridge of understanding. In 2003, Yang made an important 6 to return to Beijing and teach at Tsinghua University. Though in his eighties, he was 7 with his students and even graded their homework by hand. He also helped 8 a top - level research center at the university. In 2015, Yang gave up his US citizenship, formally returning to his roots (根源、祖籍). The name of his home, “Gui Gen Ju” 9 shows how his life had come full circle. He lived a long life of courage and devotion (奉献). His story is 10 and encourages young people around the world. 1. A. compared B. awarded C. connected D. covered 2. A. changed B. kept C. followed D. remembered 3. A. task B. trick C. truth D. test 4. A. teams B. cultures C. schools D. families 5. A. avoided B. suggested C. finished D. allowed 6. A. mistake B. decision C. excuse D. discussion 7. A. bored B. angry C. patient D. pleased 8. A. set down B. set out C. set up D. set off 9. A. hardly B. carelessly C. doubtfully D. meaningfully 10. A. inspiring B. relaxing C. surprising D. disappointing 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. A 【知识点】记叙文、科学家 【解析】本文主要讲述了物理学家杨振宁的生平成就、回国任教及爱国情怀，展现了他充满勇气与奉献的鼓舞人心的一生。 【详解】1. 句意：1957 年，杨和他的朋友李政道被授予诺贝尔物理学奖。 根据“the Nobel Prize”及固定搭配be awarded+奖项，可知此处指被授予奖项。获得荣誉应选用awarded“授予”。 2. 句意：他们的发现彻底改变了人们对自然法则的理解。 根据“discovery”及科学发现的影响，可知重大发现通常会改变认知。应选用changed“改变”。 3. 句意：杨振宁的人生就印证了这一事实。 前一句说物理之美在于秩序，但现实生活充满复杂性。根据语境，此处指前文提到的物理与生活的对比“事实”，truth“真相、事实”符合语境。 4. 句意：杨振宁远离家乡，生活在两种文化之间。 根据“Eastern scientist in the West”及“Western representative of the East”，说明他生活在两种文化之间。cultures“文化”符合语境。 5. 句意：1971年，美国政府再次允许他前往中国时，杨振宁立刻踏上了归途。 根据“travel to China again”及“Yang immediately returned”，可知政府放宽政策允许旅行，杨振宁才能回国，应选用allowed“允许”，avoided“避免”意思相反，不符。 6. 句意：2003年，杨振宁做出了一个重要决定：回到北京，在清华大学任教。 回国任教是人生重大抉择，固定搭配make a decision表示“做决定”，应选用decision“决定”。 7. 句意：尽管八十多岁，他对学生依然十分耐心。 根据“graded their homework by hand”，可知亲手批改作业体现耐心，应选用patient“有耐心的”，pleased“高兴的”不如patient贴切。 8. 句意：他还协助在这所大学建立了一个顶尖研究中心。 根据“a top-level research center”，可知是建立机构，set up“建立”符合语境。 9. 句意：他的家名为“归根居”，这个名字饱含深意地体现了他的人生圆满落幕。 根据“Gui Gen Ju”及“come full circle”，可知名字寓意深刻，体现落叶归根之意，meaningfully“有意义地”符合语境。 10. 句意：他的故事鼓舞人心，激励着世界各地的年轻人。 根据“encourages young people”，可知故事具有激励作用。“encourages”对应inspiring“鼓舞人心的”。 九、阅读理解 A The German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen wanted to use tubes to do experiments on electricity. The tubes were covered in heavy black paper. He was surprised to see a green light coming from the tubes. And he was even more surprised when the light appeared on a screen beside him. How strange! He learned that the light can pass through objects. Röntgen knew he discovered something important. When he passed the light through his wife’s hand, something exciting happened. He could see the bones inside her hand! This was how Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895. After many tests on humans, they were soon widely used in hospitals and Röntgen was awarded the Nobel Prize. The British scientist, Sir Alexander Fleming, discovered penicillin by accident. In 1928, he went on a holiday but forgot to clean up his lab before he left. When he got back, he found some strange mould growing on some of his Petri dishes. To his surprise, the mould seemed to stop the bacteria around it from growing. With more research, he discovered penicillin. Later, other scientists turned penicillin into life-saving medicine. The discovery of penicillin changed the course of medicine and has made it possible for doctors to treat serious illnesses. What an amazing discovery! Around 1970, when a lot of people were getting sick with malaria, Tu Youyou was chosen to find a medicine. She read a large number of ancient Chinese medical books and discovered a treatment using a plant called qinghao. However, no matter how hard they tried, Tu and her team failed to get the active part from the plant. Tu took another closer look at the medical classics. Finally, one line lit up an idea for her—a low-heat method! With this method, she and her team successfully got the active part and named it qinghaosu. Tu volunteered to test the medicine on herself before giving it to others. Later, qinghaosu became an important treatment for malaria and has saved millions of lives. Tu called the discovery “a gift from Traditional Chinese Medicine to the world”. 1. What did Röntgen discover when doing electricity experiments? A. Penicillin. B. X-rays. C. Qinghaosu. D. A new kind of tube. 2. How did Fleming discover penicillin? A. He studied ancient medical books. B. He used a low-heat method. C. He forgot to clean his lab before holiday. D. He tested plants from tropical areas. 3. Why did Tu Youyou use a low-heat method? A. To get the active part from qinghao. B. To test the medicine on herself. C. To write medical books. D. To win the Nobel Prize. 4. Which of the following is TRUE about the three discoveries? A. X-rays were first used to treat malaria. B. Penicillin was turned into life-saving medicine by Fleming alone. C. Qinghaosu is a gift from Traditional Chinese Medicine. D. All the three discoverers won the Nobel Prize. 5. What do the three scientists have in common? A. They all studied ancient books. B. Their discoveries changed medicine. C. They all discovered medicines by accident. D. They all tested their discoveries on themselves. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了伦琴、弗莱明和屠呦呦的青蒿素三位科学家的发现，且都改变了医学发展。 1. 细节理解题。根据“This was how Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895”可知，伦琴在电学实验中发现了X射线。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“he went on a holiday but forgot to clean up his lab before he left. When he got back, he found some strange mould growing...he discovered penicillin”可知，弗莱明因假期前忘记清理实验室，偶然发现了青霉素。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Tu and her team failed to get the active part from the plant...one line lit up an idea for her—a low-heat method! With this method, she and her team successfully got the active part”，屠呦呦使用低温法是为了从青蒿中提取有效成分。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据“Tu called the discovery ‘a gift from Traditional Chinese Medicine to the world’”可知，青蒿素是中医药给世界的礼物。故选C。 5. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，伦琴的X射线“widely used in hospitals”，弗莱明的青霉素“changed the course of medicine”，屠呦呦的青蒿素“saved millions of lives”，三位科学家的发现都改变了医学发展。故选B。 B 阅读回答问题 What is art？This question has confused great thinkers for centuries. In fact, there is disagreement about exactly what art is. Most of us would agree that Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is art, but what about a video game? One dictionary states that art is making objects?Images or music, etc. that are beautiful or that express certain feelings.This, however, could be regarded as too general a definition（定义）. Marcel Ducharap With his bicycle wheel. Art is usually divided into two areas: fine art, such as painting, music and sculpture （雕塑）and applied art （实用美术），such as fashion design, furniture making and gardening. According to Aristotle, fee art is something which has a conceptual function.（概念功能）. He noted that artists produced objects, drama and music which showed their emotions and ideas rather than just trying to offer a true image of nature. Andy Warhol, the American artist famous for his Pop Art in the 1960s, once said, “An artist produces things that people don't need to have.This is the biggest difference between fine and applied art. Applied art requires an object to be functional as well as beautiful. In the twentieth century, however, artists began to challenge the accepted idea of art. The French artist Marcel Duchamp changed peopled understanding of what sculpture was by mounting a bicycle wheel upside down on a stool in 1913 and calling it art. In 2002, Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama created an art work that required the public's involvement. In this work, visitors were asked to cover a white room that had white furniture and objects in it, with many colorful sticker dots （圆形贴纸）.He once said, “Everything an artist produces is art”.           Today, we can see examples of art all around us which are not expensive, many towns and cities have public art which can be enjoyed by all. Some museums, like the National Art Museum of China in Beijing, have no entrance fee. Others are free for children and students. Street art is also popular in different neighborhoods around the world.   Art can make our ordinary, everyday lives a little more special. This idea may not work for all art, but perhaps we can agree that it is a goal towards which all artists should work. 1. What question has confused great thinkers for centuries? 2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? 3. What does applied art require according to this passage? 4. When did artists begin to challenge the accepted idea of art? 5. What’s the writer’s opinion on art? 【答案】1. What is art？ 2. the two areas of art. 3. Applied art requires an object to be functional as well as beautiful。 4. In the 20th century. 5. Art makes our ordinary, everyday lives a little more special. 【分析】本文主要讲了两种艺术领域的共同点与区别。 【解析】1. 题干句意：几个世纪以来，什么问题使伟大的思想家困惑？ 根据上文What is art？This question has confused great thinkers for centuries. 什么是艺术？这个问题使伟大的思想家困惑几个世纪。故答案为What is art？ 2. 题干句意：第二段主要讲什么？ 根据本段的主题句Art is usually divided into two areas: fine art, such as painting, music and sculpture （雕塑）and applied art （实用美术），such as fashion design, furniture making and gardening. 艺术通常分为两个领域：美术，如绘画、音乐和雕塑和实用美术，如时装设计、家具制造和园艺。可知本段主要讲了艺术的两个领域。故答案为the two areas of art. 3. 题干句意：根据这篇文章，应用艺术要求什么？ 根据上文Applied art requires an object to be functional as well as beautiful. 应用艺术要求物体既要实用又要美观。故答案为Applied art requires an object to be functional as well as beautiful. 4. 题干句意：艺术家什么时候开始挑战公认的艺术理念？ 根据上文In the twentieth century, however, artists began to challenge the accepted idea of art. 然而，在二十世纪，艺术家开始挑战公认的艺术理念。故答案为In the 20th century. 5. 题干句意：作者对艺术有什么看法？ 根据上文Art can make our ordinary, everyday lives a little more special. This idea may not work for all art, but perhaps we can agree that it is a goal towards which all artists should work. 艺术可以使我们平凡的日常生活更特别一点。这个想法可能不适合所有的艺术，但也许我们赞同这是一个所有艺术家都应该努力实现的目标。可知作者对艺术的看法是“艺术可以使我们平凡的日常生活更特别一点。”，故答案为Art makes our ordinary, everyday lives a little more special. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第02讲 Unit 1 Grammar （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 学习目标导航 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 学习用 形容词 + that 从句 结构来表达观点、看法与情绪感受。 学习重点和难点 1. 运用此句式来表达观点、看法与情绪感受。 教材解析 Su Wen is telling Su Mei something about the great writer and thinker Lu Xun. Read the dialogue below and pay attention to the sentences in bold. Su Mei: How was your weekend? Did you do anything exciting? Su Wen: I went to the Lu Xun Museum. I'm glad that I have learnt a lot about the great Chinese writer and thinker. Su Mei: He first studied medicine, right? Su Wen: Yes. He wanted to be a doctor to save people's lives. But he was sad that China faced many serious problems at the time. Lu Xun finally decided to awaken the Chinese people through literature. Su Mei: He made the right decision! 我们用 “形容词 + that 从句 结构来表达观点、看法与情绪感受。” 1. 主语 + 系表结构 + that 从句 that 从句：宾语从句，用来补充说明：产生这种情绪、观点的具体内容。 that：纯引导词。写作中可以省略 （1）表达喜悦、满意、欣慰常用形容词： glad, happy, pleased, delighted I am glad (that) you can join us. 我很高兴你能加入我们。 She is happy (that) her mother gets better.妈妈身体好转，她很开心。 We are pleased that we won the match.赢得比赛，我们都很满意。 （2）表达难过、遗憾、抱歉常用形容词：sorry, sad, upset I’m sorry (that) I broke your pen.我很抱歉弄坏了你的笔。 He is sad that he can’t go for the trip.他没法去旅行，心里很难过。 （3）表达惊讶、意外常用形容词：surprised, amazed They are surprised (that) the little boy knows so much. 他们很惊讶这个小男孩懂得这么多。 （4）表达担心、焦虑常用形容词：worried, afraid My parents are worried that I stay up late.父母担心我熬夜。 I’m afraid (that) it will rain tomorrow.我担心明天会下雨。 （5）表达观点、判断、确定 / 不确定常用形容词：sure, certain I’m sure (that) you will make progress.我确定你会取得进步。 He is certain that he can finish the work on time. 他确信自己能按时完成工作。 过关练习 一、单项选择。 1.I feel excited ______ I will visit the museum tomorrow. A. what B. that C. if D. why 2.It is strange ______ nobody knows the answer. A. so B. which C. that D. when 3.— Are you sure ______ he will come back soon? — Yes, I am. A. that B. how C. where D. who 4.I'm sorry ______ I broke your glass just now. A. / B. what C. which D. whose 5.She is happy ______ her mother is better now. A. and B. but C. that D. so 二、英译汉 1.We are glad that we can take part in the activity. 2.It is necessary that we eat more vegetables. 3.I am surprised that he knows so much about history. 4.They are confident that they will pass the exam. 三、汉译英 1.我确信她会完成这项工作。 2. 我们很惊讶他懂得这么多知识。 3.她很开心自己赢得了比赛。 4. 大家都相信努力终有回报。 5. 他没有意识到时间过得这么快。 四、合并或者连词成句子（用形容词 + that 从句） 1.She is glad. She meets her old friend. 2.They are excited. They will visit the museum tomorrow. 3.I am afraid. I may forget my homework. 4.am, I, happy, that, we, will, take, part, in, the, wonderful, school, activity（连词成句） 5. are, they, surprised, that, the, young, girl, knows, so, much, about, traditional, Chinese, culture（连词成句） 6.is, she, worried, that, she, may, miss, the, important, morning, meeting（连词成句） 五、短文填词 语法填空 Shen Kuo was a scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty. He did well in many fields, such as maths, physics, chemistry and medical science. He also made great contributions to art and literature. One of his 1 (famous) works is Brush Talks from Dream Brook (《梦溪笔谈》). In 1040, when Shen Kuo was nine, he took an interest 2 reading. His mother was a learned person and she influenced 3 (he) greatly. When he was eleven, Shen Kuo started receiving formal education and reading became one of his daily activities. One year later, his family moved to a different city. On the way, he learned what the outside world was like. While in his 4 (thirty), Shen Kuo often dreamed about a hill. In the dreams, the top of 5 hill was covered with beautiful flowers. A river flowed 6 (quiet) and there were trees along the river. Later, when traveling around, Shen Kuo was surprised 7 (find) a piece of land that looked exactly like the hill in his dreams. He loved the place so much that he stayed there for the rest of his life. The book Brush Talks from Dream Brook 8 (write) there. 9 Shen Kuo lived over 900 years ago, his work, Brush Talks from Dream Brook, still has a great influence on modern science and research. People 10 (translate) this scientific work into a number of different languages so far, including English, French, German and Japanese. 六、配对阅读。阅读下面七位共和国勋章获得者的材料，为五位少年寻找他们的偶像。 1 Li Bingbing: My dream is to be an engineer working on the board of nuclear submarine. I want to learn from the chief designer of Long March First. 2 Wang Yimin: I enjoy doing chemical experiment and I always want to study traditional Chinese medicine. I want to read a book about a Chinese who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. 3 Mo Taoran: I often visit the space museum, with interest in satellite technology and space exploration. I want to read the stories about the chief designer of both the Beidou navigation system and China's lunar exploration project. 4 Peng Qirui: I have a dream of being a hero some day. I want to write a person who was twice awarded the title of Combat Hero during the Liberation War. 5 Cao Aiqiang: Hydro-gen bomb is a great invention. I want to learn something about the nuclear physicist who took part in detonating China’s first hydrogen bomb. A. On June 17, 1967, China detonated (引爆) its first hydrogen bomb. It took only 32 months to go from its first atomic bomb to its first hydrogen bomb. As a nuclear physicist, Yu Min played an important role in this process. B. Sun Jiadong made great contributions toward developing Chinese satellite technology and space exploration. He was chief designer of both the Beidou navigation system and China’s lunar exploration project. C. Zhang Fuqing was a soldier in the People’s Liberation Army during the Liberation War. He was twice awarded the title of Combat Hero (战斗英雄). In 1955, he volunteered to work in a distant country in Hubei province and has been helping poor people there ever since. D. Huang Xuhua was the chief designer of China’s first-generation nuclear submarine (核潜艇). Long March First, China’s earliest nuclear submarine, took its first test dive on Dec 26, 1970. Huang—who was 44 at the time—was on board for the dive. E. Tu Youyou is known for winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. She got inspiration from traditional Chinese medicine theories and discovered artemisinin (青蒿素), a medicine that can be used to treat malaria. Her finding has saved the lives of millions. F. Shen Jilan, a farmer, is a lifelong lawmaker. In 1954, she became a deputy to the National People’s Congress (全国人民代表大会代表). Since then, she has served at all 13 NPCs. She came up with the idea of equal pay for equal work between men and women. The idea was written into China’s first constitution. G. Yang Zhenning, the first Chinese Nobel-Prize winner, has worked on statistical mechanics and symmetry principles. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957 at the age of 35. He made significant contributions to the theory of the weak interactions (弱相互作用理论). 七、语法选择 William Shakespeare is considered one of the 1 writers in history. He spent his childhood in 2 small town called Stratford-upon-Avon. Not much is known about his early life, but we know that he 3 a good education at the local grammar school. Later, he moved to London to work in the theater. 4 plays soon became very popular with people from all social classes (阶层). He was excellent at 5 stories that interested both common people and the king. Shakespeare's plays 6 by millions of people even today. In his tragedies (悲剧), the characters often have to make 7 choices between love and duty. Besides the famous tragedy “Romeo and Juliet”, he wrote many 8 powerful plays. This particular (独特的) love story remains popular worldwide, 9 the young lovers die in the end. However, their death helps their families understand the meaning of love and forgiveness, and finally their families stop 10 with each other. Shakespeare also had a special ability 11 about human feelings. 12 he died in 1616, his works are still alive today. You can find his plays in almost every language. People around the world still enjoy 13 his plays. We must 14 this great writer for his wonderful contribution to literature (文学). Learning about his life helps us 15 his works better. 1. A. great B. greater C. greatest D. greatly 2. A. a B. an C. the D. / 3. A. receives B. receive C. received D. was received 4. A. He B. Him C. His D. Himself 5. A. write B. writes C. wrote D. writing 6. A. are read B. read C. reading D. have read 7. A. difficulty B. difficult C. difficultly D. more difficult 8. A. another B. other C. others D. the others 9. A. though B. although C. even though D. even if 10. A. fight B. fought C. to fight D. fighting 11. A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote 12. A. Because B. If C. Though D. Unless 13. A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 14. A. remember B. remembering C. remembered D. to remember 15. A. understand B. understands C. understood D. understanding 八、完形填空 Yang Chen-Ning, a physicist and Nobel Prize winner, died in Beijing at 103. He was one of the most respected physicists of his time, making great contributions to science. In 1957, Yang and his friend Tsung - Dao Lee were 1 the Nobel Prize in Physics. Their discovery completely 2 how people understood the laws of nature. Physics shows beauty through order, but real life is often full of complexity (复杂性). Yang’s life showed this 3 . When he was 35, Yang became the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize. However, during the Cold War, Yang was far away from home and lived between two 4 — he was “an Eastern scientist in the West” and “a Western representative (代表) of the East”. In 1971, when the US government 5 travel to China again, Yang immediately returned. For years, he often travelled between the two countries to build a bridge of understanding. In 2003, Yang made an important 6 to return to Beijing and teach at Tsinghua University. Though in his eighties, he was 7 with his students and even graded their homework by hand. He also helped 8 a top - level research center at the university. In 2015, Yang gave up his US citizenship, formally returning to his roots (根源、祖籍). The name of his home, “Gui Gen Ju” 9 shows how his life had come full circle. He lived a long life of courage and devotion (奉献). His story is 10 and encourages young people around the world. 1. A. compared B. awarded C. connected D. covered 2. A. changed B. kept C. followed D. remembered 3. A. task B. trick C. truth D. test 4. A. teams B. cultures C. schools D. families 5. A. avoided B. suggested C. finished D. allowed 6. A. mistake B. decision C. excuse D. discussion 7. A. bored B. angry C. patient D. pleased 8. A. set down B. set out C. set up D. set off 9. A. hardly B. carelessly C. doubtfully D. meaningfully 10. A. inspiring B. relaxing C. surprising D. disappointing 九、阅读理解 A The German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen wanted to use tubes to do experiments on electricity. The tubes were covered in heavy black paper. He was surprised to see a green light coming from the tubes. And he was even more surprised when the light appeared on a screen beside him. How strange! He learned that the light can pass through objects. Röntgen knew he discovered something important. When he passed the light through his wife’s hand, something exciting happened. He could see the bones inside her hand! This was how Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895. After many tests on humans, they were soon widely used in hospitals and Röntgen was awarded the Nobel Prize. The British scientist, Sir Alexander Fleming, discovered penicillin by accident. In 1928, he went on a holiday but forgot to clean up his lab before he left. When he got back, he found some strange mould growing on some of his Petri dishes. To his surprise, the mould seemed to stop the bacteria around it from growing. With more research, he discovered penicillin. Later, other scientists turned penicillin into life-saving medicine. The discovery of penicillin changed the course of medicine and has made it possible for doctors to treat serious illnesses. What an amazing discovery! Around 1970, when a lot of people were getting sick with malaria, Tu Youyou was chosen to find a medicine. She read a large number of ancient Chinese medical books and discovered a treatment using a plant called qinghao. However, no matter how hard they tried, Tu and her team failed to get the active part from the plant. Tu took another closer look at the medical classics. Finally, one line lit up an idea for her—a low-heat method! With this method, she and her team successfully got the active part and named it qinghaosu. Tu volunteered to test the medicine on herself before giving it to others. Later, qinghaosu became an important treatment for malaria and has saved millions of lives. Tu called the discovery “a gift from Traditional Chinese Medicine to the world”. 1. What did Röntgen discover when doing electricity experiments? A. Penicillin. B. X-rays. C. Qinghaosu. D. A new kind of tube. 2. How did Fleming discover penicillin? A. He studied ancient medical books. B. He used a low-heat method. C. He forgot to clean his lab before holiday. D. He tested plants from tropical areas. 3. Why did Tu Youyou use a low-heat method? A. To get the active part from qinghao. B. To test the medicine on herself. C. To write medical books. D. To win the Nobel Prize. 4. Which of the following is TRUE about the three discoveries? A. X-rays were first used to treat malaria. B. Penicillin was turned into life-saving medicine by Fleming alone. C. Qinghaosu is a gift from Traditional Chinese Medicine. D. All the three discoverers won the Nobel Prize. 5. What do the three scientists have in common? A. They all studied ancient books. B. Their discoveries changed medicine. C. They all discovered medicines by accident. D. They all tested their discoveries on themselves. B 阅读回答问题 What is art？This question has confused great thinkers for centuries. In fact, there is disagreement about exactly what art is. Most of us would agree that Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is art, but what about a video game? One dictionary states that art is making objects? Images or music, etc. that are beautiful or that express certain feelings. This, however, could be regarded as too general a definition（定义）. Marcel Ducharap With his bicycle wheel. Art is usually divided into two areas: fine art, such as painting, music and sculpture （雕塑）and applied art （实用美术），such as fashion design, furniture making and gardening. According to Aristotle, fee art is something which has a conceptual function.（概念功能）. He noted that artists produced objects, drama and music which showed their emotions and ideas rather than just trying to offer a true image of nature. Andy Warhol, the American artist famous for his Pop Art in the 1960s, once said, “An artist produces things that people don't need to have.This is the biggest difference between fine and applied art. Applied art requires an object to be functional as well as beautiful. In the twentieth century, however, artists began to challenge the accepted idea of art. The French artist Marcel Duchamp changed peopled understanding of what sculpture was by mounting a bicycle wheel upside down on a stool in 1913 and calling it art. In 2002, Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama created an art work that required the public's involvement. In this work, visitors were asked to cover a white room that had white furniture and objects in it, with many colorful sticker dots （圆形贴纸）.He once said, “Everything an artist produces is art”.           Today, we can see examples of art all around us which are not expensive, many towns and cities have public art which can be enjoyed by all. Some museums, like the National Art Museum of China in Beijing, have no entrance fee. Others are free for children and students. Street art is also popular in different neighborhoods around the world.   Art can make our ordinary, everyday lives a little more special. This idea may not work for all art, but perhaps we can agree that it is a goal towards which all artists should work. 1. What question has confused great thinkers for centuries? 2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? 3. What does applied art require according to this passage? 4. When did artists begin to challenge the accepted idea of art? 5. What’s the writer’s opinion on art? 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $