专题03 动词与非谓语动词（结构化知识+题型提升练）2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破

2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题03 动词与非谓语动词 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 必备能力题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 动词与动词短语 知识点类别 子类别 定义/说明 例句 动词类别 实义动词 及物动词 后面必须直接跟宾语才能表达完整意思的动词。 1. She bought a new book yesterday. 2. We enjoy playing basketball. 不及物动词 后面不能直接跟宾语，或不需要宾语意思即完整的动词。 1. The sun rises in the east. 2. He arrived at the station late. 连系动词 本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，后须接表语，构成系表结构。常见有 be, become, feel, look, sound, taste, smell, get, turn 等。 1. The food smells delicious. 2. He became a teacher after graduation. 3. She looks happy today. 助动词 本身无实义，不能单独作谓语，协助主要动词构成时态、语态、否定或疑问句。常见有 be, do, have, will, shall 等。 1. Do you like coffee? (构成疑问) 2. I have finished my homework. (构成完成时) 3. They are watching TV. (构成进行时) 情态动词 本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，后接动词原形，表示说话人的语气或情态。常见有 can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would 等。 1. You must finish the task today. 2. Can you swim? 3. He should apologize to her. 动词短语类别 动词 + 介词 (v. + prep.) 动词后接介词，介词后必须跟宾语。这类短语通常不及物，但整体相当于及物动词。 1. Please listen to the teacher carefully. 2. We are looking for our keys. 3. He depends on his parents. 动词 + 副词 (v. + adv.) 动词后接副词构成短语动词。若宾语是名词，可放在副词前或后；若宾语是代词，必须放在副词前。 1. Please turn on the light. / Turn it on. 2. Don't give up easily. 3. She put away her toys. 动词 + 名词 (+ 介词) 动词与名词固定搭配，有时后接介词引出对象。常见如 take place, pay attention to, make use of 等。 1. The meeting will take place tomorrow. 2. You should pay attention to your pronunciation. 3. We should make full use of our time. 动词 + 形容词/名词 (系表结构延伸) 部分连系动词后接形容词或名词作表语，形成固定表达或习惯用法。 1. The leaves turned yellow in autumn. 2. He fell asleep in class. 3. She went mad with anger. 非谓语动词 一、 非谓语动词的三大分类与基本功能 类型 形式 核心特征 主要句法功能 动词不定式 to do (否定: not to do) 表将来、目的或具体的一次性动作 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补 动名词 doing 具有名词性质，表习惯性、经常性动作 主语、宾语、表语、定语 分词 现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done 具有形容词/副词性质，表主动/被动、进行/完成 定语、状语、表语、宾补 二、 核心考点与用法辨析 1. 动词不定式 (to do) 作目的状语：表示“为了……”，只能用不定式。 To achieve her goal, she gave up many nights with her kids.（为了实现她的目标，她放弃了与孩子们共度的许多夜晚。） 作结果状语：常与 only 连用，表示出乎意料的结果。 He hurried to the station, only to find that the train had left.（他匆匆赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。） 固定搭配：如 hope/want/decide/plan/refuse + to do。 We hope to present the abstract Go game in a visual context.（我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏。） 2. 动名词 (doing) 作主语：表示经常性、习惯性的行为。 Swimming is good for health.（游泳对健康有益。） 作介词宾语：介词后必须用动名词。 I'm looking forward to hearing from you.（我期待收到你的来信。） 固定搭配：如 enjoy/finish/avoid/mind/suggest + doing。 This doesn’t always mean returning a dress on Monday.（这并不总是意味着要在周一归还礼服。） 3. 分词辨析 (doing vs done) 这是高考最高频的考点，核心在于判断逻辑主语与动词的主动/被动关系： 维度 现在分词 (doing) 过去分词 (done) 语态 主动关系 被动关系 时态 正在进行或一般状态 已经完成 作定语 The running water (流动的水) The broken window (被打破的窗户) 作状语 Hearing the news, he jumped. (听到消息，他跳了起来) Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. (从山上看，城市很美) 作表语 The movie is exciting. (电影令人兴奋) We were excited. (我们感到兴奋) 三、 易错点与特殊句型 1.意义不同的双接动词 regret to do：遗憾地要做某事（未做） regret doing：后悔做过某事（已做） remember to do：记得去做（未做） remember doing：记得做过（已做） 2.感官/使役动词的宾补 主动语态省略 to：see/hear/make/let sb. do sth. 被动语态还原 to：sb. be seen/heard to do sth. Someone was observed to enter the house. （有人被观察到进入了房子。） 3.形式主语/宾语 当不定式作主语或宾语过长时，常用 it 作形式主语/宾语。 It is important to learn English well. （学好英语很重要。） 3.独立主格/状语从句省略 当分词作状语且逻辑主语与主句一致时，可保留连词+分词。 When traveling, we engage with different cultures.（旅行时，我们会接触不同的文化。） ◇Part 02 必备能力题型强化练 一、单项选择 1．This team ________ innovation and always does things in the old-fashioned way. A．lacks B．lacks of C．lacks for D．is lacked in 2．You can never imagine the great difficulty she had _________ unexpected career setbacks, ____________ heavy work pressures, and comforting her worried family — pursuing her dream of becoming a senior translator. A．navigating; balancing B．navigated; balancing C．navigated; balanced D．navigated; had balanced 3．The twins, who ______ their homework, were allowed to play badminton outside. A．will finish B．finish C．have finished D．had finished 4．The building was designed to the elderly and provide them with the best environment. A．calculate B．accommodate C．expose D．resemble 5．I'm very tired. Please give me a chair________. A．to sit B．for sit in C．sitting D．to sit on 6．Doing morning exercises _______ our health and we _______ it． A．benefits to; benefit B．benefits; benefit from C．benefits from; benefit D．benefits; are benefited by 7．I wanted to travel to America instead of France, but he persuaded me because France is a beautiful country. A．not changing my mind B．not into change my mind C．not to change my mind D．out of change my mind 8．The dog was approaching_____ the garden when she ran out. A．to B．towards C．for D．/ 9．--You’ve made great progress in your studies of English, haven’t you? -- Yes, but much________. A．remains to do B．is remained to do C．is remained to be done D．remains to be done 10．Tom said that he was late because he ________ in the elevator. A．got trapped B．trapped C．got lost D．lost 11．It was a pity that he __ blind, but to the joy of his family, his dream of becoming a musician _____ true at last. A．came; came B．went; went C．came; went D．went; came 12．Teenagers wish to have all their physical requirements ________. A．met B．meet C．meeting D．to meet 13．She won't let her daughter________by the river. A．play B．plays C．to play D．playing 14．He ______ to go shopping with me, because he has a lot of homework to do. A．isn’t want B．don’t wants C．doesn’t want D．doesn’t wants 15．—Would you please repeat your telephone number? I __________ quite catch it. —It’s 62548239. A．can’t B．couldn’t C．didn’t D．don’t 16．Mary’s never been here before, ________ she? A．do B．was C．does D．has 17．I didn’t mean ________ anything but the ice cream looked so inviting that I can’t help ________ it. A．to eat; to try B．to eat; trying C．eating; trying D．eating; to try 18．She accepted the job offer excitedly, only ________ the company had a poor reputation. A．discovering B．to discover C．discovered D．have discovered 19．Which do you enjoy ________ your weekend, swimming or fishing? A．spending B．being spent. C．spend D．to spend. 20．She is brave enough ______ on the stage, with her heart pounding like a drum. A．steps B．stepped C．to step D．stepping 21．The manager needs someone ______ some important documents for him. A．types B．typing C．to type D．typed 22．She got to the station hurriedly, only ________ the train had gone. A．to find B．finding C．found D．find 23．I rose early in a hurry to catch the train, only ________ that it had been delayed for half an hour. A．finding B．having found C．found D．to find 24．What is the best way ________ the overuse of water in our school? A．reduced B．reduce C．to reduce D．reducing 25．The decision _______ Internet addiction as a mental disorder has caused much debate. A．to classify B．classifying C．being classified D．to be classified. 26．Tom prefers to ________ to school rather than ________ the bus, because he thinks walking is good for his health. A．walking; taking B．walk; taking C．walk; to take D．walk; take 27．Football has become one of the best ways for people________, for it does not require words, but everyone understands it. A．communicating B．to communicate C．communicated D．having communicated 28．The young author was the first _________ the prestigious literary award three times consecutively, _________ the entire publishing industry. A．winning; amazed B．to win; amazed C．winning; amazing D．to win; amazing 29．Football has become one of the best ways for people ________, for it does not require words, but everyone understands it. A．communicating B．to communicate C．communicated D．having communicated 30．Stories have a wonderful power to allow us the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. A．to see B．being seen C．to be seen D．seeing 31．The soldier came close to ________ in the battle, but his fellow soldiers shielded him from enemy fire. A．be killed B．kill C．being killed D．killing 32．The program is aimed to prevent world cultural heritage sites from ________. A．disappearing B．being disappeared C．having disappearing D．disappearance 33．Despite the language barrier, he had a fantastic time ________ ideas with the local artists. A．to exchange B．exchanging C．exchanged D．exchange 34．All the students are looking forward to ______ the exciting school concert organized by the music club next Friday. A．attending B．attend C．attended D．attends 35．_________ our daily lives with the highlight reels (高光时刻) of social media stars, even subconsciously, can fuel feelings of inadequacy. A．Compared B．Being compared C．To compare D．Comparing 36．We should take effective measures to prevent the river from ________. A．polluting B．polluted C．to pollute D．being polluted 37．Health experts stress (强调) that having a balanced diet ______ very important since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition (营养). A．are B．has been C．have been D．is 38．My sister prefers ______ at home to ______ out, because she thinks home-made food is healthier. A．cook; eat B．cooking; eating C．to cook; eat D．cooked; ate 39．Happiness always keeps her company; something as simple as_________ a cup of coffee can make her happy and content all morning. A．drinking B．to drink C．drunk D．to be drinking 40．Some students have trouble ________ grammar while others have difficulty ________ new words. A．in; memorize B．for; to memorize C．on; memorizing D．with; memorizing 41．Regular exercise and a balanced diet can help you develop a healthy lifestyle, thus ______ you to be more energetic. A．enabling B．being enabled C．enabled D．to enable 42． herself with routine office tasks, she had no time to attend to her children. A．Being occupied B．Occupied C．Occupying D．To be occupied 43．Now he is a volunteer, _________ out food to homeless people. A．handing B．handed C．be handed D．be handing 44．________ his grandfather’s advice, the boy decided to go to university and play music at the same time. A．Listened to B．Listening to C．To listen to D．Being listened to 45．A snowstorm swept across the city, ________ at least 32 people on the roads. A．killing B．having killed C．to kill D．killed 46．________ a well-known melody on his erhu, the old man sat on the bridge, attracting a small crowd. A．Played B．Playing C．To play D．Having played 47．The young man ________ between John and Jack is my teacher. A．sit B．to sit C．sitting D．sat 48．The wind ______ softly by the palace, we walked slowly to appreciate the lake. A．blowing B．blew C．blows D．to blow 49．________ from the top of the hill, the whole city looks like a beautiful picture. A．Seen B．Seeing C．To see D．Saw 50．________ by the interesting photos, I didn’t notice the man approaching. A．Attracting B．Attracted C．Attract D．To attract 51．After the terrible storm, many houses in the small village were left ________. A．destroyed B．destroying C．to destroy D．destroy 52．The giant panda reserve park, ________ in the 1960s, has played a key role in protecting this endangered species. A．found B．founding C．founded D．to be founded 53．I will always remember the valuable advice by my head teacher during the class meeting on my first day of senior high. A．given B．giving C．to give D．being given 54．Even though he failed many times in the experiment, he never ______. A．lost heart B．lost his heart C．lost hearts D．lost the heart 55．Years of hard work paid ______, and he became one of the top ten people who moved China in 2019. A．for B．by C．in D．off 56．The first-year experience is exciting, liberating and terrifying, to help us grow into adulthood. A．all is combined B．all combined C．all to combine D．all that combined 57．According to Forbes, Ukraine may suffer economic losses amounting to $90 billion as a result of the ongoing war, . A．included the cost of rebuilding B．to include the cost of rebuilding C．and the cost of rebuilding included D．the cost of rebuilding included 58．________ only by exam results, the school is the best one in our city. A．Judge B．Judging C．Judged D．To judge 59．Millions of British people say they have green fingers, with around half of them __________ their free time gardening. A．spent B．spending C．to spend D．having spent 60．________ water falling off its thick, brown hair, the bear stared back at me. A．With B．For C．As D．Because 二、完形填空 Every time my son came home from college, he would make our house a terrible mess: dirty clothes, unwashed cups, the unmade bed, and so on. It really 61 me. This past summer, I talked frankly with my son, trying to figure out his behavior. I was getting angry again about the 62 house. He apologized and said it wasn’t his 63 to drive me crazy; instead, he was being self-involved, and his 64 to do what I asked had nothing to do with me. He likely hadn’t even 65 half the times I’d asked him to clean up. Each time the task went undone, I grew angrier until I eventually 66 my mind. My son was often truly 67 about why I was so mad. It turned out that the clueless look on his face was real — he wasn’t 68 . That conversation was a game-changer as I began to 69 what was really going on. My idea that he was intentionally trying to annoy me 70 . The next day, I set a few simple rules, helpfully backed by a(n) 71 — access to the family car — and aimed for peace over perfection. I didn’t get angry right away if I saw a dirty plate or an unmade bed. I 72 reminded him that access to the car depended upon cleaning his room. Sometimes, I even 73 to make his bed or wash his plates, and he appreciated my help. Although certainly not perfect, my new approach showed many signs of positive change. I was so grateful for that 74 . You never know how a tricky issue can be solved in such a(n) 75 way. Sometimes, solutions are surprisingly simple. 61．A．surprised B．scared C．bored D．upset 62．A．untidy B．unusual C．ugly D．dark 63．A．responsibility B．promise C．intention D．habit 64．A．refusal B．failure C．hesitation D．struggle 65．A．recorded B．mentioned C．noticed D．admitted 66．A．lost B．missed C．forgot D．accepted 67．A．anxious B．awkward C．curious D．confused 68．A．listening B．pretending C．complaining D．joking 69．A．explain B．believe C．understand D．prove 70．A．faded away B．stood out C．broke down D．sprang up 71．A．reminder B．order C．invitation D．reward 72．A．briefly B．calmly C．excitedly D．proudly 73．A．expected B．rushed C．preferred D．offered 74．A．experiment B．discussion C．conversation D．meeting 75．A．interesting B．meaningful C．easy D．special 三、阅读理解 1 School life is not only about studying; it is also a place where we develop important life skills and build lasting relationships. A positive campus environment encourages students to grow academically, socially, and emotionally. In the classroom, being attentive and participating actively in discussions are key to academic success. Students who take notes carefully and revise regularly tend to make progress steadily. However, the academic curriculum can be challenging, with multiple assignments and tight deadlines. Learning to manage time and prioritize tasks is essential to avoid being overwhelmed. Teachers play a vital role in school life. They instruct, encourage, and guide students. A good teacher respects students’ ideas and consults them when needed. In turn, students should respect their teachers and consult them for advice on difficult problems. This mutual respect creates a supportive learning atmosphere. Beyond academics, extracurricular activities enrich campus life. Students can volunteer for community service, organize school events, or compete in sports and academic contests. These activities help students become more cooperative and creative. Celebrating achievements together strengthens friendships and builds school spirit. Living on campus also teaches independence. Dormitory life requires students to get along well with roommates, share responsibilities, and respect each other’s space. The library and laboratory are quiet places for focused study and hands-on learning. Successful students are often those who are competent, creative, and cooperative. They are eager to learn and strive to live up to their parents’ and teachers’ expectations. They focus on their goals and participate in team work willingly. School life, with all its challenges and joys, prepares us for the future. 76．What does the passage say about academic success? A．It depends only on intelligence. B．Being attentive and participating actively help. C．Taking notes is a waste of time. D．Deadlines are not important. 77．How should students deal with multiple assignments and deadlines? A．Ignore the difficult ones. B．Manage time and prioritize tasks. C．Ask others to do the work. D．Stay up late every night. 78．What role do teachers play according to the passage? A．They only give orders. B．They instruct, encourage, and guide students. C．They never listen to students. D．They compete with students. 79．What can extracurricular activities help students become? A．Lazy and selfish. B．Cooperative and creative. C．Lonely and bored. D．Competitive only. 80．What is the main idea of the passage? A．School life is only about getting good grades. B．Teachers should be feared. C．School life includes academics, relationships, activities, and personal growth. D．Dormitory life is unnecessary. 2 The world is rapidly changing, and what once seemed like science fiction is now becoming a reality. One of the most significant breakthroughs is in the energy sector, particularly in the shift from conventional fossil fuels to electricity. More people are now opting for electric cars over gasoline-fueled vehicles for various reasons. Electric cars offer a more cost-effective alternative. The maintenance cost of electric cars is significantly lower than those fueled by conventional gasoline. Considering the volatile prices of oil and the associated political and military implications, electric cars present a financially viable option. For instance, the annual cost of driving a gasoline car is about $2,100, compared to just $475 for an electric car. Additionally, electric vehicles require less maintenance, such as regular technical inspections and transmission repairs. Safety is another compelling reason to choose electric cars. Research shows that electric cars are less prone to fires compared to gasoline vehicles. For example, Tesla Model S electric cars have a much lower incidence of fires compared to gasoline cars, making them a safer choice for consumers. Efficiency and environmental protection are also crucial benefits of electric vehicles. Electric cars are more efficient in converting energy, with about 60% of the electrical energy used to power the wheels, compared to only 17% — 21% for gasoline vehicles. This efficient use of energy means less resource extraction from nature and no greenhouse gas emissions. Although power plants producing electricity may pollute the air, those using renewable energy sources like nuclear, hydro, solar, and wind power produce no pollution. In conclusion, electric cars are preferable to conventional gasoline vehicles in many ways. They are more cost-effective, safer, and environmentally friendly. As more people choose electric cars, the benefits extend not just to individuals but also to the planet. Therefore, it is crucial for as many people as possible to switch to electric vehicles. 81．What major breakthrough is discussed in the essay? A．Advancements in space exploration. B．Development of new medical technology. C．Shift from gasoline-fueled vehicles to electric vehicles. D．Innovations in artificial intelligence. 82．Why are electric cars considered more cost-effective compared to gasoline vehicles? A．They have higher resale value. B．They require less maintenance and have lower fuel costs. C．They are cheaper to manufacture. D．They have longer lifespans. 83．What is the overall conclusion of the passage regarding electric cars? A．They are a temporary solution. B．They are preferable for various reasons. C．They are less reliable than gasoline cars. D．They are more suitable for short distances. 84．What’s the author’s attitude towards electric cars? A．Supportive. B．Worried. C．Disappointed. D．Surprised. 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Whether training for a marathon, or just to keep in shape, running 85 (remain) one of the most popular and practiced sports worldwide. While running doesn’t require a gym membership or a coach, 86 idea of running with a group or as part of a team adds a social aspect to the sport 87 can be helpful. One of the biggest advantages of running with a group is having people to push you to new 88 (limit), and keeping pace is one of the hardest things to do when 89 (do) workouts alone. During shorter runs, having teammates assist with pacing is 90 (benefit), while for longer runs it allows you to keep each other company. Adding a social element encourages a strong bond between teammates, and we know team support can be 91 (incredible) motivating — when you have a friend pushing you to work harder, you can achieve more. Additional support 92 (provide) by qualified running coaches experienced 93 performance and physical therapy for runners. They know when it is appropriate to push members or 94 (have) them recover. 参考答案 一、 1．A 【解析】考查动词用法。句意：这个团队缺乏创新精神，总是按照老一套的方式做事。lack 作及物动词时，直接加宾语，不加介词。故选A。 2．A 【解析】考查固定搭配和并列结构。句意：你根本无法想象，她在追求成为高级翻译的梦想过程中，要艰难应对意外的职业挫折、平衡沉重的工作压力，还要安抚忧心的家人。have difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，第一空需填动名词navigating，意为“应对，驾驭”，第二空与navigating、comforting构成并列结构，也应是动名词balancing，意为“平衡”。故选A。 3．D 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：已经完成作业的双胞胎被允许到操场上打羽毛球。A. will finish将完成；B. finish 完成；C. have finished已经完成；D. had finished已经完成。分析句子结构可知，主句为"The twins were allowed to play badminton on the playground"主句谓语动词为"were allowed"是过去时，表动作发生在过去。"who their homework"为定语从句，完成作业动作在被允许打羽毛球之前，即过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。故选D。 【点睛】涉及考查时态的用法时，关键是要读懂句意，分析上下文的语境，判断时态，锁定答案。此题中主句The twins were allowed to play badminton on the playground和从句who their homework涉及两个动作，且应该是主句的动作在从句动作之后发生，主句是一般过去，那从句就应该发生在过去的过去，即过去完成，即had done。 4．B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这座建筑物是为老年人设计的来给他们提供膳宿和最好的环境。A.calculate 计算、推测B. accommodate 为（某人）提供膳宿，容纳；C.expose暴露、揭露，使面临（不快或危险）；D.resemble 看起来像、显得像。根据句意判断，故选B。 5．D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很累了。请给我一把椅子坐。动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作。me是宾语，to sit on是宾语补足语。sit是不及物动词，因此需要添加介词on。故选D项。 6．B 【解析】考查动词benefit的用法和主谓一致。句意：做早操有益于我们的健康，我们从其中获益。该句描述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，第一空主语Doing morning exercises为动名词短语，谓语动词用单数形式；benefit作及物动词时表“有益于，使……受益”，直接接宾语，无需加介词；第二空benefit from为固定搭配，表“从……中获益”，benefit表“获益”时为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。故选B项。 7．C 【解析】考查动词用法。句意：我想要去美国旅行，代替之前的法国，但是他劝我不要改变我的主意，因为法国是一个美丽的国家。persuade sb. not to do sth. 是固定用法，意思是“劝某人不要做某事”。故选C。 8．D 【解析】考查及物动词用法。句意：当她跑出来时，那只狗正向花园靠近。谓语动词approach为及物动词，意为“靠近”，其后直接接宾语，不用任何介词。故选D项。 9．D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：—你的英语学习取得了很大的进步，是吗？—是的，但还有很多工作要做。根据句意和结构可知remain表示“仍然”，不能用被动语态，而且much和do是被动关系，表示将要发生的事情，用不定式，因此应使用不定式的被动式。故选D。 10．A 【解析】考查时态和短语。句意：汤姆说他早上迟到是因为他被困在了电梯里。根据said可知，时态是一般过去时。根据句意可知，此处表示“被陷入”，故用短语be/get trapped in。其中过去分词作系动词get的表语，故选A. 11．D 【解析】考查连系动词。句意：真遗憾他失明了，但是使他的家人高兴的是，他成为音乐家的梦想最终成为现实了。第一空填went，go这里是连系动词，后面接形容词，表示情况由好变坏。go blind失明，第二空填came，也是连系动词，come true成为现实。选D。 12．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：青少年希望满足他们所有的身体要求。空处是宾语补足语，meet和宾语requirements之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作宾补，have sth. done表示“使某事被做”。故选A。 13．A 【解析】考查动词。句意：她不让她女儿在河边玩。let sb. do sth.让某人做某事，固定搭配，所以空处需用动词原形play。故选A。 14．C 【解析】考查助动词和否定。句意：他不想和我一起去购物，因为他有很多作业要做。短语want to do sth.“想要做某事”，此处是谓语动词，表示否定要用助动词，由主语为He可知，助动词用doesn't，后接动词原形。故选C项。 15．C 【解析】考查助动词和时态。句意：——请你重复一下你的电话号码好吗？我没听清。——是62548239。由前句“请你重复一下你的电话号码好吗？”可知，此处缺乏相应的否定助动词， catch这个动作发生在过去，所以用didn’t。故选C项。 16．D 【解析】考查反意疑问句和助动词辨析。句意：玛丽以前从未来过这里，是吗？句中有never表否定，后面反义疑问句用肯定形式反问，根据’s been可知’s是has的缩写，故选D。 17．B 【解析】句意：我本不打算吃任何东西，但是冰淇淋看起来太诱人了，我忍不住尝了尝。固定搭配mean to do sth.意为“打算做某事”，can’t help doing sth.意为“忍不住做某事”。根据句意可知，此处表示“不打算吃”和“忍不住尝”，分别需要使用to eat和trying。 18．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她兴奋地接受了这份工作邀请，结果却发现这家公司名声很差。本句谓语为accepted，此处为非谓语动词，“only + 不定式”表示出乎意料的结果，用to discover。故选B。 19．D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你更喜欢做什么来度过你的周末，游泳还是钓鱼？本句谓语为enjoy，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选D。 20．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她勇敢地走上舞台，心跳如鼓般剧烈地跳动着。短语enough to do sth.表示“足以做某事”。故选C。 21．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：经理需要有人为他打一些重要的文件。need sb. to do sth.是固定结构，表示“需要某人做某事”，不定式作宾补。故选C。 22．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。在英语中，“only + 不定式”结构常用来表示出乎意料、令人失望的结果。本句中，她匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已开走，这是一个意外的结果，因此使用不定式to find。故选A。 23．D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我一大早匆匆起床去赶火车，结果却发现火车晚点了半小时。空格处应填非谓语动词，only to do sth.为固定结构，表示出乎意料的结果，所以空格处应填to find。故选D。 24．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：减少我们学校过度用水的最佳方法是什么？当名词为way（方法、方式）时，其后常用不定式to do sth.作后置定语，构成固定结构the way to do sth.表示“做某事的方法”。故选C。 25．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：将网瘾归类为一种精神障碍的决定引发了诸多争议。名词decision后常接不定式作后置定语，表示“做某事的决定”，此处classify与逻辑主语是主动关系，应用不定式to classify。故选A项。 26．D 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：汤姆宁愿步行去学校也不愿乘公共汽车，因为他认为步行对他的健康有好处。prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.是固定搭配，表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”，第一空用动词原形walk，第二个空用动词原形take。故选D。 27．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。 句意：足球已经成为人们交流的最佳方式之一，因为它不需要语言，所有人却都能理解。 空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰the best ways，the best way to do sth为固定搭配，意为“做某事的最佳方式”，需用动词不定式形式作后置定语。故选B。 28．D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位年轻的作家成为了首位连续三次荣获这一著名文学奖项的人，这一成就令整个出版界为之惊叹。the first后跟不定式作后置定语，句中谓语是was，第二空用非谓语动词，此处用现在分词作状语，表结果，故选D。 29．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：足球已经成为人们交流的最佳方式之一，因为它不需要语言，但每个人都能理解。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词ways，固定搭配the way to do sth.表示“做某事的方式”，应用不定式to communicate作定语。故选B项。 30．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：故事有一种奇妙的力量，能让我们以一种不同于独自接触世界时的方式去看待世界。“allow sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“允许某人做某事”，用动词不定式作宾语补足语，且see与其逻辑主语us之间是主动关系，用主动式to see。故选A项。 31．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这名士兵在战斗中险些丧命，但他的战友们掩护他避开了敌人的炮火。come close to为固定短语，其中to是介词，且soldier与kill为被动关系，应用动名词的被动语态being killed，作宾语。故选C。 32．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目旨在防止世界文化遗产地消失。prevent...from doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“阻止……做某事”，disappear是不及物动词，无被动形式，所以用disappearing。故选A。 33．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管存在语言障碍，他在与当地艺术家交流想法时仍度过了一段美妙的时光。have a fantastic time (in) doing sth.是固定用法，意为“做某事很开心”，其中in可以省略 。所以空处用exchange的动名词形式exchanging。故选B项。 34．A 【解析】考查动名词。句意：所有学生都期待着参加下周五由音乐俱乐部组织的精彩校园音乐会。look forward to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“期待做某事”，其中to是介词，后接动词 -ing形式，这里attending在句中作宾语。故选A项。 35．D 【解析】考查动名词。句意：将我们的日常生活与社交媒体明星们的精彩片段进行对比（哪怕只是在潜意识里进行对比），都可能会引发一种无力感。空格处用动名词作主语，故选D。 36．D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该采取有效措施防止这条河被污染。A. polluting污染(现在分词，主动形式)；B. polluted被污染(过去分词，不能直接接在介词from后)；C. to pollute去污染(不定式，prevent...from后接动名词，结构错误)；D. being polluted被污染(动名词的被动式，符合结构和逻辑)。由语意可知，“prevent...from doing sth”是固定搭配，意为“阻止……做某事”，且主语the river与pollute之间为被动关系，需用动名词的被动形式being polluted。故选D项。 37．D 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：健康专家强调，均衡饮食是非常重要的，因为青少年仍在发育，他们的身体需要大量营养。句中that引导的宾语从句中，主语是having a balanced diet，属于动名词短语作主语，谓语动词需要用单数形式，排除are和have been；结合语境可知，此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，has been是现在完成时，不符合语境。故选D项。 38．B 【解析】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：我姐姐比起出去吃，更喜欢在家做饭，因为她觉得家常菜更健康。prefer doing A to doing B为固定短语，意为“比起做B，更喜欢做A”。故选B。 39．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：快乐总是与她相伴；哪怕只是喝一杯咖啡这样简单的小事，都能让她一整个上午都开心又满足。句中as simple as中第二个as是介词，需要接动名词作介词宾语。故选A。 40．D 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：一些学生在语法方面有困难，而另一些学生在记忆新单词上有困难。“have trouble with sth”为固定短语，表示“在某方面有困难”；“have difficulty (in) doing sth”为固定搭配，表示“做某事有困难”，其中 in 可省略，所以第一空应填 with，第二空应填动名词形式 memorizing，故选 D 项。 41．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：经常锻炼并保持均衡的饮食有助于你养成健康的生活方式，从而让你更有活力。此处为现在分词作结果状语，表示必然的结果。故选A。 42．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她忙于日常办公事务，没有时间照顾自己的孩子。句子谓语为had，空处为非谓语动词作原因状语，occupy oneself with sth.为固定搭配，意为“使自己忙于某事”，occupy与逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，应用现在分词occupying。故选C。 43．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在他是一名志愿者，负责向无家可归者分发食物。此处he与hand构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故选A。 44．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：听从了祖父的建议，这个男孩决定上大学的同时还继续玩音乐。decided为句子的谓语，空处与主句无连词，用非谓语动词，the boy与listen to构成主动关系，作状语，用现在分词listening。故选B。 45．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一场暴风雪席卷了这座城市，造成道路上至少 32 人死亡。本句谓语为swept，此处为非谓语动词，且a snowstorm与kill“杀死”为主动关系，暴风雪席卷和造成死亡是自然而然的结果，应用现在分词killing，作结果状语。故选A。 46．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位老人坐在桥上，用二胡演奏着一首著名的旋律，吸引了一小群人。the old man与play之间是主动关系，即老人演奏旋律，用现在分词作状语。故选B项。 47．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：坐在约翰和杰克之间的那个年轻人是我的老师。本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，且The young man与sit“坐”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语，修饰The young man。故选C。 48．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：风轻轻地吹过宫殿，我们慢慢地走着欣赏湖景。句中谓语是walked，空格处用非谓语动词，wind和blow之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词形式，构成独立主格结构，故选A。 49．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从山顶望去，整座城市看起来像一幅美丽的画。此处为非谓语动词作状语，动词see与逻辑主语the whole city是被动关系，应使用过去分词形式。故选A项。 50．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被这些有趣的照片吸引，我没有注意到那个男人走近。本句谓语为didn’t notice，此处为非谓语动词，且I与attract“吸引”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故选B。 51．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那场可怕的暴风雨过后，这个小村庄里的许多房屋都被毁坏了。句中使用“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”结构的被动语态，houses与动词destroy是被动关系，需用过去分词destroyed作补语，表示“房屋处于被毁坏的状态”。故选A项。 52．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：大熊猫保护区建于20世纪60年代，在保护这一濒危物种方面发挥了关键作用。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰“The giant panda reserve park”，且“The giant panda reserve park”与found之间为被动关系，所以此处应用过去分词形式作后置定语，表示被动和完成。故填C。 53．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我将永远铭记高中第一天班会上班主任给我的宝贵建议。本句已有谓语动词remember，所以本空应填非谓语动词。give“给”与逻辑主语advice之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成，所以应用过去分词given，作后置定语，修饰名词advice。故选A。 54．A 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：尽管他在实验中屡次失败，但他从未灰心丧气。根据“Even though he failed many times”及“he never”可知，此处应是固定短语lose heart，意为“灰心，气馁”。故选A。 55．D 【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：多年的努力得到了回报，他成为了2019年感动中国十大人物之一。A. for为了；B. by通过；C. in在……里；D. off关闭。根据句意可知，这里指“多年努力后获得认可”，此处需体现“努力有回报”，pay off，为固定短语，表“得到回报；取得成功”，符合语境。故选D项。 56．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词、独立主格结构。句意：大一的经历是令人兴奋、自由且令人恐惧的，所有这些结合在一起帮助我们成长为成年人。此处应用独立主格结构作状语，all与combine之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式。故填B项。 57．D 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：据《福布斯》报道，乌克兰因持续战争可能遭受900亿美元经济损失，包括重建成本。逗号后为独立主格结构，the cost of rebuilding与include为被动关系，用名词+过去分词形式。故选D。 58．B 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：仅仅看考试结果，这个学校是我们城市中最好的一所。judging from/by...意为“根据……判断”，是独立主格结构，故选B。 59．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：数百万英国人表示自己擅长园艺，其中约一半人会把空闲时间花在园艺上。“with+宾语+宾补”结构中，宾语around half of them与spend是主动关系，需用现在分词spending作宾补，表主动且动作正在进行或习惯性发生。故选B。 60．A 【解析】考查介词和连词辨析。句意：水从它厚厚的棕色毛发上滴落，熊转过头来盯着我。A. With随着；B. For为了；C. As作为；D. Because因为。空格处应表达一种伴随的状态，即“水从它厚厚的棕色毛发上滴落的同时，熊转过头来盯着我”，故用with，构成“with+宾语+现在分词”的复合结构。故选A。 二、 61．D 62．A 63．C 64．B 65．C 66．A 67．D 68．B 69．C 70．A 71．D 72．B 73．D 74．C 75．C 【解析】文章主要讲述了作者与儿子沟通解决家庭矛盾的经历。 61．考查形容词。句意：这真的让我很心烦。A. surprised惊讶的；B. scared害怕的；C. bored无聊的；D. upset心烦的，沮丧的。根据上文“Every time my son came home from college, he would make our house a terrible mess: dirty clothes, unwashed cups, the unmade bed, and so on.”和下文“I was getting angry again”可知，儿子每次从大学回家都会把家里弄得一团糟，这让作者很心烦。 62．考查形容词。句意：我又对这凌乱的房子生气了。A. untidy不整洁的，凌乱的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. ugly丑陋的；D. dark黑暗的。根据上文“Every time my son came home from college, he would make our house a terrible mess”可知，儿子把家里弄得一团糟，所以房子是凌乱的。 63．考查名词。句意：他道歉了，说惹我生气不是他的本意；相反，他只关注自己，他没能按我的要求做与我无关。A. responsibility责任；B. promise承诺；C. intention意图；D. habit习惯。根据下文“drive me crazy; instead, he was being self-involved”可知，他只关注自己，惹作者生气不是他的本意。 64．考查名词。句意：他道歉了，说惹我生气不是他的本意；相反，他只关注自己，他没能按我的要求做与我无关。A. refusal拒绝；B. failure失败；C. hesitation犹豫；D. struggle挣扎。根据下文“to do what I asked”可知，儿子把房子弄得凌乱，没能按作者的要求做。 65．考查动词。句意：我多次让他收拾，他可能一半都没注意到。A. recorded记录；B. mentioned提到；C. noticed注意到；D. admitted承认。根据下文“Each time the task went undone, I grew angrier”和“My son was often truly ______ about why I was so mad. It turned out that the clueless look on his face was real”可知，儿子常常真的很困惑作者为什么这么生气以及他脸上茫然的神情，说明他根本没留意到作者的多次提醒。 66．考查动词。句意：每次事情没做完，我就越来越生气，最后终于失去理智。A. lost失去；B. missed错过；C. forgot忘记；D. accepted接受。根据前文“I grew angrier”和后文“why I was so mad”可知，作者越来越生气，最终情绪失控，lose one’s mind为固定搭配，意为“失去理智，大发雷霆”。 67．考查形容词。句意：我儿子经常真的对为什么我这么生气感到困惑。A. anxious焦虑的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. curious好奇的；D. confused困惑的。根据下文“It turned out that the clueless look on his face was real”可知，下文描述他脸上茫然的神情是真的，说明儿子对作者为什么生气感到困惑。 68．考查动词。句意：事实证明，他脸上茫然的表情是真的——他不是在假装。A. listening听；B. pretending假装；C. complaining抱怨；D. joking开玩笑。根据上文“It turned out that the clueless look on his face was real”可知，他脸上茫然的神情是真的，儿子不是在假装不知道作者为什么生气。 69．考查动词。句意：那次谈话改变了局面，因为我开始明白到底发生了什么。A. explain解释；B. believe相信；C. understand明白；D. prove证明。根据下文“what was really going on”和“My idea that he was intentionally trying to annoy me”可知，谈话后作者认为他故意惹自己生气的想法消失了，作者开始明白到底发生了什么。 70．考查动词短语。句意：我认为他故意惹我生气的想法消失了。A. faded away消失；B. stood out突出；C. broke down出故障；D. sprang up突然出现。根据上文“I began to ______ what was really going on. My idea that he was intentionally trying to annoy me”可知，作者开始明白到底发生了什么，认为儿子故意惹她生气的想法消失了。 71．考查名词。句意：第二天，我定了几条简单的规矩，并辅以一个奖励——可以使用家里的车——我的目标是平和而非完美。A. reminder提醒物；B. order命令；C. invitation邀请；D. reward奖励。根据下文“access to the car depended upon cleaning his room”可知，用车权限取决于他是否打扫房间，作者把用车当作儿子遵守规矩的奖励。 72．考查副词。句意：我平静地提醒他，使用汽车取决于他打扫房间。A. briefly简要地；B. calmly平静地；C. excitedly兴奋地；D. proudly自豪地。根据上文“I didn’t get angry right away if I saw a dirty plate or an unmade bed.”可知，作者此时心态平和，会平静地提醒儿子，而非急躁发火。 73．考查动词。句意：有时，我甚至主动帮他铺床或洗碗，他很感激我的帮助。A. expected期待；B. rushed冲；C. preferred更喜欢；D. offered提供。根据下文“to make his bed or wash his plates”可知，作者不仅不生气，有时甚至主动帮儿子铺床或洗碗。offer to do sth.主动提出做某事。 74．考查名词。句意：我很感激那次谈话。A. experiment实验；B. discussion讨论；C. conversation谈话；D. meeting会议。根据上文“That conversation was a game-changer”可知，正是那次母子间的坦诚谈话，让作者改变了相处方式，所以作者感激那次谈话。 75．考查形容词。句意：你永远不知道一个棘手的问题能用如此简单的方法解决。A. interesting有趣的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. easy容易的；D. special特别的。根据下文“Sometimes, solutions are surprisingly simple.”可知，棘手的问题能用谈话如此简单的方法解决。 三、 1 76．B 77．B 78．B 79．B 80．C 【解析】文章主要讲述了校园生活在学业、人际、活动与个人成长等方面的重要意义。 76．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the classroom, being attentive and participating actively in discussions are key to academic success.(在课堂上，专心听讲和积极参与讨论是学业成功的关键)”可知，专心和积极参与有助于学业成功。 77．细节理解题。根据第二段“Learning to manage time and prioritize tasks is essential to avoid being overwhelmed.(学会管理时间和优先处理任务对于避免不知所措是必不可少的)”可知，学生应该通过管理时间和优先处理任务来应对繁重的作业和紧迫的截止日期。 78．细节理解题。根据第三段“They instruct, encourage, and guide students.(他们指导、鼓励和引导学生)”可知，老师在学校中扮演着指导、鼓励和引导学生的角色。 79．细节理解题。根据第四段“These activities help students become more cooperative and creative.(这些活动帮助学生变得更具合作精神和创造力)”可知，课外活动能帮助学生变得更有合作精神和创造力。 80．主旨大意题。文章第一段指出学校生活不仅关乎学习，还关乎培养生活技能和建立人际关系。随后各段分别从课堂学习、师生关系、课外活动、宿舍生活以及个人品质成长等方面进行了详细阐述。因此，选项C“学校生活包括学业、人际关系、活动和个人成长”最能概括全文主旨。 2 81．C 82．B 83．B 84．A 【解析】如今科技飞速发展，电动车逐步取代燃油车。它用车养护成本更低，安全性更佳，能量利用率高且更为环保，综合优势突出，值得大众普及选用。 81．细节理解题。根据第一段“One of the most significant breakthroughs is in the energy sector, particularly in the shift from conventional fossil fuels to electricity. More people are now opting for electric cars over gasoline-fueled vehicles for various reasons.(其中一项最为重大的突破发生在能源领域，尤其是从传统化石燃料向电力的转变方面。出于各种原因，现在越来越多的人选择电动汽车而非燃油汽车)”可知，文章讨论的主要突破是从汽油车向电动汽车的转变。 82．细节理解题。根据第二段“The maintenance cost of electric cars is significantly lower than those fueled by conventional gasoline. Considering the volatile prices of oil and the associated political and military implications, electric cars present a financially viable option. For instance, the annual cost of driving a gasoline car is about $2,100, compared to just $475 for an electric car. Additionally, electric vehicles require less maintenance, such as regular technical inspections and transmission repairs.(电动汽车的维护成本明显低于使用传统汽油燃料的汽车。考虑到油价的波动以及由此带来的政治和军事影响，电动汽车在经济上是一个可行的选择。例如，驾驶一辆汽油车每年的费用约为2100美元，而电动汽车每年的费用仅为475美元。此外，电动汽车的维护需求也较少，比如定期的技术检查和传动系统维修)”可知，电动汽车更具成本效益的原因是它们维护需求更少且燃料（运行）成本更低。 83．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, electric cars are preferable to conventional gasoline vehicles in many ways.(总之，电动汽车在许多方面都比传统汽油车更受青睐)”可知，文章的总体结论是电动汽车因多种原因（成本、安全、环保等）而更具优势、更受青睐。 84．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者在文中详细列举了电动汽车在成本、安全性、能源效率和环境保护方面的诸多优势，并在最后一段明确指出“Therefore, it is crucial for as many people as possible to switch to electric vehicles.(因此，尽可能多的人转向电动汽车是至关重要的)”由此可以判断，作者对电动汽车持完全“支持的”态度。 四、 85．remains 86．the 87．which/that 88．limits 89．doing 90．beneficial 91．incredibly 92．is provided 93．in 94．to have 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍跑步是全球最受欢迎的运动之一并具体阐述了组队跑步的优势。 85．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：无论是为参加马拉松比赛而进行训练，还是仅仅为了保持健康体魄，跑步依然是全球范围内最受欢迎且最常开展的运动之一。句子描述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为running，谓语动词使用三单形式，故填remains。 86．考查冠词。句意：虽然跑步并不需要健身房会员资格或教练指导，但与他人一起跑步或者作为团队的一员进行跑步，这种集体参与的形式为这项运动增添了社交元素，这往往是有益的。根据“of running with a group”可知，idea表示特指，应用定冠词修饰，故填the。 87．考查定语从句。句意：同上。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a social aspect，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that引导，故填which/that。 88．考查名词复数。句意：与他人一起跑步的最大好处之一就是能有同伴激励你突破自我极限，而独自锻炼时保持同步进行则是最难做到的事情之一。limit“界限”是可数名词，此处泛指“新的极限”，应用复数表示泛指，故填limits。 89．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。do和逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作状语，故填doing。 90．考查形容词。句意：在较短的跑步过程中，有队友协助控制速度是有益的；而在较长的跑步过程中，这能让你有伴儿一起跑。空处应填形容词作表语，故填beneficial。 91．考查副词。句意：加入社交元素能够增进队友之间的紧密联系，而且我们深知团队间的支持能够起到极大的激励作用——当你有一位朋友激励你更加努力时，你就能取得更大的成就。空处修饰形容词motivating，应填副词作状语，故填incredibly。 92．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：此外，还由具备丰富经验、擅长运动表现及物理治疗的专业教练为跑步者提供额外的指导和支持。主语support和provide之间是被动关系，此处应和上下文时态保持一致，使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词使用is，故填is provided。 93．考查介词。句意：同上。表示“在……方面经验丰富”使用固定搭配experienced in，故填in。 94．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们清楚在何种情况下应当促使成员采取行动，又在何种情况下应当让他们自行恢复。空处和“to push”并列，应用动词不定式，构成“be+形容词+动词不定式”结构，故填to have。 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题03 动词与非谓语动词 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 必备能力题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 动词与动词短语 知识点类别 子类别 定义/说明 例句 动词类别 实义动词 及物动词 后面必须直接跟宾语才能表达完整意思的动词。 1. She bought a new book yesterday. 2. We enjoy playing basketball. 不及物动词 后面不能直接跟宾语，或不需要宾语意思即完整的动词。 1. The sun rises in the east. 2. He arrived at the station late. 连系动词 本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，后须接表语，构成系表结构。常见有 be, become, feel, look, sound, taste, smell, get, turn 等。 1. The food smells delicious. 2. He became a teacher after graduation. 3. She looks happy today. 助动词 本身无实义，不能单独作谓语，协助主要动词构成时态、语态、否定或疑问句。常见有 be, do, have, will, shall 等。 1. Do you like coffee? (构成疑问) 2. I have finished my homework. (构成完成时) 3. They are watching TV. (构成进行时) 情态动词 本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，后接动词原形，表示说话人的语气或情态。常见有 can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would 等。 1. You must finish the task today. 2. Can you swim? 3. He should apologize to her. 动词短语类别 动词 + 介词 (v. + prep.) 动词后接介词，介词后必须跟宾语。这类短语通常不及物，但整体相当于及物动词。 1. Please listen to the teacher carefully. 2. We are looking for our keys. 3. He depends on his parents. 动词 + 副词 (v. + adv.) 动词后接副词构成短语动词。若宾语是名词，可放在副词前或后；若宾语是代词，必须放在副词前。 1. Please turn on the light. / Turn it on. 2. Don't give up easily. 3. She put away her toys. 动词 + 名词 (+ 介词) 动词与名词固定搭配，有时后接介词引出对象。常见如 take place, pay attention to, make use of 等。 1. The meeting will take place tomorrow. 2. You should pay attention to your pronunciation. 3. We should make full use of our time. 动词 + 形容词/名词 (系表结构延伸) 部分连系动词后接形容词或名词作表语，形成固定表达或习惯用法。 1. The leaves turned yellow in autumn. 2. He fell asleep in class. 3. She went mad with anger. 非谓语动词 一、 非谓语动词的三大分类与基本功能 类型 形式 核心特征 主要句法功能 动词不定式 to do (否定: not to do) 表将来、目的或具体的一次性动作 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补 动名词 doing 具有名词性质，表习惯性、经常性动作 主语、宾语、表语、定语 分词 现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done 具有形容词/副词性质，表主动/被动、进行/完成 定语、状语、表语、宾补 二、 核心考点与用法辨析 1. 动词不定式 (to do) 作目的状语：表示“为了……”，只能用不定式。 To achieve her goal, she gave up many nights with her kids.（为了实现她的目标，她放弃了与孩子们共度的许多夜晚。） 作结果状语：常与 only 连用，表示出乎意料的结果。 He hurried to the station, only to find that the train had left.（他匆匆赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。） 固定搭配：如 hope/want/decide/plan/refuse + to do。 We hope to present the abstract Go game in a visual context.（我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏。） 2. 动名词 (doing) 作主语：表示经常性、习惯性的行为。 Swimming is good for health.（游泳对健康有益。） 作介词宾语：介词后必须用动名词。 I'm looking forward to hearing from you.（我期待收到你的来信。） 固定搭配：如 enjoy/finish/avoid/mind/suggest + doing。 This doesn’t always mean returning a dress on Monday.（这并不总是意味着要在周一归还礼服。） 3. 分词辨析 (doing vs done) 这是高考最高频的考点，核心在于判断逻辑主语与动词的主动/被动关系： 维度 现在分词 (doing) 过去分词 (done) 语态 主动关系 被动关系 时态 正在进行或一般状态 已经完成 作定语 The running water (流动的水) The broken window (被打破的窗户) 作状语 Hearing the news, he jumped. (听到消息，他跳了起来) Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. (从山上看，城市很美) 作表语 The movie is exciting. (电影令人兴奋) We were excited. (我们感到兴奋) 三、 易错点与特殊句型 1.意义不同的双接动词 regret to do：遗憾地要做某事（未做） regret doing：后悔做过某事（已做） remember to do：记得去做（未做） remember doing：记得做过（已做） 2.感官/使役动词的宾补 主动语态省略 to：see/hear/make/let sb. do sth. 被动语态还原 to：sb. be seen/heard to do sth. Someone was observed to enter the house. （有人被观察到进入了房子。） 3.形式主语/宾语 当不定式作主语或宾语过长时，常用 it 作形式主语/宾语。 It is important to learn English well. （学好英语很重要。） 3.独立主格/状语从句省略 当分词作状语且逻辑主语与主句一致时，可保留连词+分词。 When traveling, we engage with different cultures.（旅行时，我们会接触不同的文化。） ◇Part 02 必备能力题型强化练 一、单项选择 1．This team ________ innovation and always does things in the old-fashioned way. A．lacks B．lacks of C．lacks for D．is lacked in 2．You can never imagine the great difficulty she had _________ unexpected career setbacks, ____________ heavy work pressures, and comforting her worried family — pursuing her dream of becoming a senior translator. A．navigating; balancing B．navigated; balancing C．navigated; balanced D．navigated; had balanced 3．The twins, who ______ their homework, were allowed to play badminton outside. A．will finish B．finish C．have finished D．had finished 4．The building was designed to the elderly and provide them with the best environment. A．calculate B．accommodate C．expose D．resemble 5．I'm very tired. Please give me a chair________. A．to sit B．for sit in C．sitting D．to sit on 6．Doing morning exercises _______ our health and we _______ it． A．benefits to; benefit B．benefits; benefit from C．benefits from; benefit D．benefits; are benefited by 7．I wanted to travel to America instead of France, but he persuaded me because France is a beautiful country. A．not changing my mind B．not into change my mind C．not to change my mind D．out of change my mind 8．The dog was approaching_____ the garden when she ran out. A．to B．towards C．for D．/ 9．--You’ve made great progress in your studies of English, haven’t you? -- Yes, but much________. A．remains to do B．is remained to do C．is remained to be done D．remains to be done 10．Tom said that he was late because he ________ in the elevator. A．got trapped B．trapped C．got lost D．lost 11．It was a pity that he __ blind, but to the joy of his family, his dream of becoming a musician _____ true at last. A．came; came B．went; went C．came; went D．went; came 12．Teenagers wish to have all their physical requirements ________. A．met B．meet C．meeting D．to meet 13．She won't let her daughter________by the river. A．play B．plays C．to play D．playing 14．He ______ to go shopping with me, because he has a lot of homework to do. A．isn’t want B．don’t wants C．doesn’t want D．doesn’t wants 15．—Would you please repeat your telephone number? I __________ quite catch it. —It’s 62548239. A．can’t B．couldn’t C．didn’t D．don’t 16．Mary’s never been here before, ________ she? A．do B．was C．does D．has 17．I didn’t mean ________ anything but the ice cream looked so inviting that I can’t help ________ it. A．to eat; to try B．to eat; trying C．eating; trying D．eating; to try 18．She accepted the job offer excitedly, only ________ the company had a poor reputation. A．discovering B．to discover C．discovered D．have discovered 19．Which do you enjoy ________ your weekend, swimming or fishing? A．spending B．being spent. C．spend D．to spend. 20．She is brave enough ______ on the stage, with her heart pounding like a drum. A．steps B．stepped C．to step D．stepping 21．The manager needs someone ______ some important documents for him. A．types B．typing C．to type D．typed 22．She got to the station hurriedly, only ________ the train had gone. A．to find B．finding C．found D．find 23．I rose early in a hurry to catch the train, only ________ that it had been delayed for half an hour. A．finding B．having found C．found D．to find 24．What is the best way ________ the overuse of water in our school? A．reduced B．reduce C．to reduce D．reducing 25．The decision _______ Internet addiction as a mental disorder has caused much debate. A．to classify B．classifying C．being classified D．to be classified. 26．Tom prefers to ________ to school rather than ________ the bus, because he thinks walking is good for his health. A．walking; taking B．walk; taking C．walk; to take D．walk; take 27．Football has become one of the best ways for people________, for it does not require words, but everyone understands it. A．communicating B．to communicate C．communicated D．having communicated 28．The young author was the first _________ the prestigious literary award three times consecutively, _________ the entire publishing industry. A．winning; amazed B．to win; amazed C．winning; amazing D．to win; amazing 29．Football has become one of the best ways for people ________, for it does not require words, but everyone understands it. A．communicating B．to communicate C．communicated D．having communicated 30．Stories have a wonderful power to allow us the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. A．to see B．being seen C．to be seen D．seeing 31．The soldier came close to ________ in the battle, but his fellow soldiers shielded him from enemy fire. A．be killed B．kill C．being killed D．killing 32．The program is aimed to prevent world cultural heritage sites from ________. A．disappearing B．being disappeared C．having disappearing D．disappearance 33．Despite the language barrier, he had a fantastic time ________ ideas with the local artists. A．to exchange B．exchanging C．exchanged D．exchange 34．All the students are looking forward to ______ the exciting school concert organized by the music club next Friday. A．attending B．attend C．attended D．attends 35．_________ our daily lives with the highlight reels (高光时刻) of social media stars, even subconsciously, can fuel feelings of inadequacy. A．Compared B．Being compared C．To compare D．Comparing 36．We should take effective measures to prevent the river from ________. A．polluting B．polluted C．to pollute D．being polluted 37．Health experts stress (强调) that having a balanced diet ______ very important since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition (营养). A．are B．has been C．have been D．is 38．My sister prefers ______ at home to ______ out, because she thinks home-made food is healthier. A．cook; eat B．cooking; eating C．to cook; eat D．cooked; ate 39．Happiness always keeps her company; something as simple as_________ a cup of coffee can make her happy and content all morning. A．drinking B．to drink C．drunk D．to be drinking 40．Some students have trouble ________ grammar while others have difficulty ________ new words. A．in; memorize B．for; to memorize C．on; memorizing D．with; memorizing 41．Regular exercise and a balanced diet can help you develop a healthy lifestyle, thus ______ you to be more energetic. A．enabling B．being enabled C．enabled D．to enable 42． herself with routine office tasks, she had no time to attend to her children. A．Being occupied B．Occupied C．Occupying D．To be occupied 43．Now he is a volunteer, _________ out food to homeless people. A．handing B．handed C．be handed D．be handing 44．________ his grandfather’s advice, the boy decided to go to university and play music at the same time. A．Listened to B．Listening to C．To listen to D．Being listened to 45．A snowstorm swept across the city, ________ at least 32 people on the roads. A．killing B．having killed C．to kill D．killed 46．________ a well-known melody on his erhu, the old man sat on the bridge, attracting a small crowd. A．Played B．Playing C．To play D．Having played 47．The young man ________ between John and Jack is my teacher. A．sit B．to sit C．sitting D．sat 48．The wind ______ softly by the palace, we walked slowly to appreciate the lake. A．blowing B．blew C．blows D．to blow 49．________ from the top of the hill, the whole city looks like a beautiful picture. A．Seen B．Seeing C．To see D．Saw 50．________ by the interesting photos, I didn’t notice the man approaching. A．Attracting B．Attracted C．Attract D．To attract 51．After the terrible storm, many houses in the small village were left ________. A．destroyed B．destroying C．to destroy D．destroy 52．The giant panda reserve park, ________ in the 1960s, has played a key role in protecting this endangered species. A．found B．founding C．founded D．to be founded 53．I will always remember the valuable advice by my head teacher during the class meeting on my first day of senior high. A．given B．giving C．to give D．being given 54．Even though he failed many times in the experiment, he never ______. A．lost heart B．lost his heart C．lost hearts D．lost the heart 55．Years of hard work paid ______, and he became one of the top ten people who moved China in 2019. A．for B．by C．in D．off 56．The first-year experience is exciting, liberating and terrifying, to help us grow into adulthood. A．all is combined B．all combined C．all to combine D．all that combined 57．According to Forbes, Ukraine may suffer economic losses amounting to $90 billion as a result of the ongoing war, . A．included the cost of rebuilding B．to include the cost of rebuilding C．and the cost of rebuilding included D．the cost of rebuilding included 58．________ only by exam results, the school is the best one in our city. A．Judge B．Judging C．Judged D．To judge 59．Millions of British people say they have green fingers, with around half of them __________ their free time gardening. A．spent B．spending C．to spend D．having spent 60．________ water falling off its thick, brown hair, the bear stared back at me. A．With B．For C．As D．Because 二、完形填空 Every time my son came home from college, he would make our house a terrible mess: dirty clothes, unwashed cups, the unmade bed, and so on. It really 61 me. This past summer, I talked frankly with my son, trying to figure out his behavior. I was getting angry again about the 62 house. He apologized and said it wasn’t his 63 to drive me crazy; instead, he was being self-involved, and his 64 to do what I asked had nothing to do with me. He likely hadn’t even 65 half the times I’d asked him to clean up. Each time the task went undone, I grew angrier until I eventually 66 my mind. My son was often truly 67 about why I was so mad. It turned out that the clueless look on his face was real — he wasn’t 68 . That conversation was a game-changer as I began to 69 what was really going on. My idea that he was intentionally trying to annoy me 70 . The next day, I set a few simple rules, helpfully backed by a(n) 71 — access to the family car — and aimed for peace over perfection. I didn’t get angry right away if I saw a dirty plate or an unmade bed. I 72 reminded him that access to the car depended upon cleaning his room. Sometimes, I even 73 to make his bed or wash his plates, and he appreciated my help. Although certainly not perfect, my new approach showed many signs of positive change. I was so grateful for that 74 . You never know how a tricky issue can be solved in such a(n) 75 way. Sometimes, solutions are surprisingly simple. 61．A．surprised B．scared C．bored D．upset 62．A．untidy B．unusual C．ugly D．dark 63．A．responsibility B．promise C．intention D．habit 64．A．refusal B．failure C．hesitation D．struggle 65．A．recorded B．mentioned C．noticed D．admitted 66．A．lost B．missed C．forgot D．accepted 67．A．anxious B．awkward C．curious D．confused 68．A．listening B．pretending C．complaining D．joking 69．A．explain B．believe C．understand D．prove 70．A．faded away B．stood out C．broke down D．sprang up 71．A．reminder B．order C．invitation D．reward 72．A．briefly B．calmly C．excitedly D．proudly 73．A．expected B．rushed C．preferred D．offered 74．A．experiment B．discussion C．conversation D．meeting 75．A．interesting B．meaningful C．easy D．special 三、阅读理解 1 School life is not only about studying; it is also a place where we develop important life skills and build lasting relationships. A positive campus environment encourages students to grow academically, socially, and emotionally. In the classroom, being attentive and participating actively in discussions are key to academic success. Students who take notes carefully and revise regularly tend to make progress steadily. However, the academic curriculum can be challenging, with multiple assignments and tight deadlines. Learning to manage time and prioritize tasks is essential to avoid being overwhelmed. Teachers play a vital role in school life. They instruct, encourage, and guide students. A good teacher respects students’ ideas and consults them when needed. In turn, students should respect their teachers and consult them for advice on difficult problems. This mutual respect creates a supportive learning atmosphere. Beyond academics, extracurricular activities enrich campus life. Students can volunteer for community service, organize school events, or compete in sports and academic contests. These activities help students become more cooperative and creative. Celebrating achievements together strengthens friendships and builds school spirit. Living on campus also teaches independence. Dormitory life requires students to get along well with roommates, share responsibilities, and respect each other’s space. The library and laboratory are quiet places for focused study and hands-on learning. Successful students are often those who are competent, creative, and cooperative. They are eager to learn and strive to live up to their parents’ and teachers’ expectations. They focus on their goals and participate in team work willingly. School life, with all its challenges and joys, prepares us for the future. 76．What does the passage say about academic success? A．It depends only on intelligence. B．Being attentive and participating actively help. C．Taking notes is a waste of time. D．Deadlines are not important. 77．How should students deal with multiple assignments and deadlines? A．Ignore the difficult ones. B．Manage time and prioritize tasks. C．Ask others to do the work. D．Stay up late every night. 78．What role do teachers play according to the passage? A．They only give orders. B．They instruct, encourage, and guide students. C．They never listen to students. D．They compete with students. 79．What can extracurricular activities help students become? A．Lazy and selfish. B．Cooperative and creative. C．Lonely and bored. D．Competitive only. 80．What is the main idea of the passage? A．School life is only about getting good grades. B．Teachers should be feared. C．School life includes academics, relationships, activities, and personal growth. D．Dormitory life is unnecessary. 2 The world is rapidly changing, and what once seemed like science fiction is now becoming a reality. One of the most significant breakthroughs is in the energy sector, particularly in the shift from conventional fossil fuels to electricity. More people are now opting for electric cars over gasoline-fueled vehicles for various reasons. Electric cars offer a more cost-effective alternative. The maintenance cost of electric cars is significantly lower than those fueled by conventional gasoline. Considering the volatile prices of oil and the associated political and military implications, electric cars present a financially viable option. For instance, the annual cost of driving a gasoline car is about $2,100, compared to just $475 for an electric car. Additionally, electric vehicles require less maintenance, such as regular technical inspections and transmission repairs. Safety is another compelling reason to choose electric cars. Research shows that electric cars are less prone to fires compared to gasoline vehicles. For example, Tesla Model S electric cars have a much lower incidence of fires compared to gasoline cars, making them a safer choice for consumers. Efficiency and environmental protection are also crucial benefits of electric vehicles. Electric cars are more efficient in converting energy, with about 60% of the electrical energy used to power the wheels, compared to only 17% — 21% for gasoline vehicles. This efficient use of energy means less resource extraction from nature and no greenhouse gas emissions. Although power plants producing electricity may pollute the air, those using renewable energy sources like nuclear, hydro, solar, and wind power produce no pollution. In conclusion, electric cars are preferable to conventional gasoline vehicles in many ways. They are more cost-effective, safer, and environmentally friendly. As more people choose electric cars, the benefits extend not just to individuals but also to the planet. Therefore, it is crucial for as many people as possible to switch to electric vehicles. 81．What major breakthrough is discussed in the essay? A．Advancements in space exploration. B．Development of new medical technology. C．Shift from gasoline-fueled vehicles to electric vehicles. D．Innovations in artificial intelligence. 82．Why are electric cars considered more cost-effective compared to gasoline vehicles? A．They have higher resale value. B．They require less maintenance and have lower fuel costs. C．They are cheaper to manufacture. D．They have longer lifespans. 83．What is the overall conclusion of the passage regarding electric cars? A．They are a temporary solution. B．They are preferable for various reasons. C．They are less reliable than gasoline cars. D．They are more suitable for short distances. 84．What’s the author’s attitude towards electric cars? A．Supportive. B．Worried. C．Disappointed. D．Surprised. 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Whether training for a marathon, or just to keep in shape, running 85 (remain) one of the most popular and practiced sports worldwide. While running doesn’t require a gym membership or a coach, 86 idea of running with a group or as part of a team adds a social aspect to the sport 87 can be helpful. One of the biggest advantages of running with a group is having people to push you to new 88 (limit), and keeping pace is one of the hardest things to do when 89 (do) workouts alone. During shorter runs, having teammates assist with pacing is 90 (benefit), while for longer runs it allows you to keep each other company. Adding a social element encourages a strong bond between teammates, and we know team support can be 91 (incredible) motivating — when you have a friend pushing you to work harder, you can achieve more. Additional support 92 (provide) by qualified running coaches experienced 93 performance and physical therapy for runners. They know when it is appropriate to push members or 94 (have) them recover. ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $