专题01 名词、冠词与代词（结构化知识+题型提升练）2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破

2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题01 名词、冠词与代词 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 必备能力题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 名词 知识维度 细分项目 初中阶段要求 (基础掌握) 高中阶段要求 (深化与拓展) 初高中衔接重点/差异分析 1. 名词分类 专有 vs 普通 能识别常见人名、地名、节日等专有名词，首字母大写。 理解专有名词普通化的现象（如 a Shakespeare, two Chinas）；掌握抽象名词具体化用法。 差异：高中更强调名词在特定语境下的词性转化和语义延伸。 可数 vs 不可数 掌握常见可数/不可数名词；能用 a/an, some, any, many, much 修饰。 掌握“兼类词”（如 experience, room, glass）在不同语义下的可数性变化；理解抽象名词的具体化。 重点：需记忆高频兼类词在不同含义下的可数性区别（如 work 工作[不可数] vs works 工厂/著作[可数]）。 2. 复数变化规则 规则变化 掌握 -s, -es, -y变i加es, -f/fe变v加es 等基本规则。 熟练运用；注意外来词复数（如 phenomenon->phenomena）虽非强制但需识别。 差异：高中阅读中会出现更多不规则或外来语复数，需具备识别能力。 不规则变化 掌握 man->men, child->children, foot->feet, tooth->teeth, mouse->mice 等常见词。 扩展至 deer->deer, sheep->sheep, Chinese->Chinese 等单复数同形；以及 data, media 等集合概念。 重点：注意主谓一致中，单复数同形名词根据语境判断谓语动词单复数。 复合名词 简单复合词复数（如 apple trees）。 掌握主体名词变复数（如 passers-by, editors-in-chief）；无主体名词时末尾加s（如 grown-ups）。 难点：高中常考复合名词复数形式的特殊变化，需专门记忆。 3. 所有格用法 's 所有格 用于有生命的人或动物（如 Tom's book）。 扩展至时间、距离、国家、城市、机构等无生命名词（如 today's news, ten minutes' walk）。 差异：高中打破“有生命才用's”的局限，强调习惯用法和拟人化表达。 of 所有格 用于无生命物体（如 the door of the room）。 掌握双重所有格（a friend of my father's）；区分 of 所有格与 's 所有格的细微语义差别。 重点：双重所有格表示“部分”概念，且后置修饰语常含限定词，是高中语法填空高频考点。 4. 句法功能 基本成分 作主语、宾语、表语。 除基本成分外，熟练掌握作定语（名词修饰名词，如 apple pie）、同位语、宾语补足语。 差异：高中长难句中，名词作同位语解释说明前文，或作定语构成复合概念的情况大幅增加。 主谓一致 简单主语与谓语一致。 处理复杂主语：集合名词（family, class, team）视整体或个体而定；并列主语、就近原则、就远原则。 难点：高中重点考察语境中集合名词的单复数判断，以及倒装句、定语从句中的主谓一致。 学习建议 1. 词汇积累升级：从单纯记忆单词中文意思，转向记忆单词的可数性和常见搭配。例如，遇到 advice 要立刻反应出它是不可数名词，不能说 an advice。 2. 语境意识：高中英语中，同一个名词在不同语境下可数性可能不同（如 paper 纸[不可数] vs paper 报纸/论文[可数]）。阅读时需结合上下文判断。 3. 语法精细化：重点突破双重所有格和集合名词的主谓一致，这是初高中衔接中最容易失分的语法点。 冠词 知识点类别 细分项 规则/用法说明 示例 基本用法 不定冠词 a/an 1. 用于单数可数名词前，表示“一个”或泛指某一类人或物。 2. a 用于辅音音素开头的词前；an 用于元音音素开头的词前。 a book, an apple, an hour (h不发音), a university (u发/j/音) 定冠词 the 1. 用于特指的人或物。 2. 用于上文已提到的人或物。 3. 用于世上独一无二的事物前。 the sun, the moon, the earth, the book on the desk 特指与泛指 泛指 (General) 1. 不定冠词 a/an + 单数可数名词：表示类别中的任意一个。 2. 零冠词 + 复数名词/不可数名词：表示整体概念。 A dog is loyal. (狗是忠诚的) Dogs are loyal. (狗这类动物是忠诚的) 特指 (Specific) 1. 定冠词 the + 名词：说话双方都知道的特定对象，或有后置定语修饰的名词。 2. the + 单数/复数名词：特指某一群或某一个。 The dog in the yard is mine. (院子里的那只狗) Pass me the salt. (把盐递给我-特指桌上的盐) 固定搭配 三餐、球类、棋类 通常不加冠词（零冠词）。 have breakfast, play football, play chess 乐器 通常加定冠词 the。 play the piano, play the violin 学科、语言 通常不加冠词。 study English, learn Chinese 独一无二名词 通常加 the，但若前有 possessive (my, his等) 或名词所有格则不加。 the sky, but: my sky 高中衔接难点 抽象名词具体化 抽象名词前有定语修饰，表示具体的人或事时，加 a/an。 It is a pleasure to meet you. (荣幸之事) He has a good knowledge of history. 序数词前冠词 1. the + 序数词：表示顺序“第几”。 2. a/an + 序数词：表示“又一，再一”。 He won the first prize. (第一名) He tried a second time. (又试了一次) 最高级前冠词 1. the + 最高级：表示“最...”。 2. a/an + 最高级：表示“非常...”，不具比较意味。 She is the most beautiful girl. (最漂亮) It is a most interesting book. (非常有趣) 同一名词重复 the + 名词 + and + the + 名词：表示两个不同的人或物。 a/an + 名词 + and + a/an + 名词：表示两个不同的人或物（侧重个体）。 零冠词 + 名词 + and + 零冠词 + 名词：表示同一人或物兼具两种身份/特征。 The teacher and the writer are coming. (两个人) The teacher and writer is coming. (一个人，既是老师又是作家) 代词 1. 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词分类对照表 人称 数 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 (男) he him his his himself 单数 (女) she her her hers herself 单数 (物/它) it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 核心用法提示： 主格：通常作主语。 宾格：通常作动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语（如 "It's me"）。 形容词性物主代词：相当于形容词，后必须接名词（如 "my book"）。 名词性物主代词：相当于名词，可独立作主语、宾语或表语（如 "The book is mine"）。 反身代词：常作宾语（动作返回自身）、表语或同位语（表示强调，如 "I myself did it"）。 2. 指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词分类及用法简述表 代词类别 具体词汇/分类 用法简述及初高中衔接重点 指示代词 this / these (近指) this (单数), these (复数)。指代距离较近的人或物，或下文将要提及的事。 that / those (远指) that (单数), those (复数)。指代距离较远的人或物，或上文刚刚提过的事。常用于比较级中替代前面提到的名词，以避免重复。 疑问代词 who / whom / whose who: 主格，作主语或表语。 whom: 宾格，作宾语（尤其介词后，如 "To whom"）。 whose: 所有格，询问归属。 what / which what: 询问事物、职业、颜色等，范围无限。 which: 在有限范围内进行选择（“哪一个”）。 不定代词 some / any some: 常用于肯定句，或表示请求/建议的疑问句。 any: 常用于否定句和疑问句。 均可修饰可数或不可数名词。 many / much / few / little many/few: 修饰可数名词复数。 much/little: 修饰不可数名词。 a few/a little: 表肯定（有一些）；few/little: 表否定（几乎没有）。 both / either / neither both: 两者都。 either: 两者中任一。 neither: 两者都不。 注意主谓一致：both接复数谓语；either/neither作主语时通常接单数谓语。 all / none all: 三者或三者以上都。 none: 三者或三者以上都不（可指人也可指物）。 another / other / others another: 泛指“另一个”（三者及以上）。 other: 形容词，后接名词。 others: 代词，泛指“其他人/物”。 the other: 特指两者中的另一个。 复合不定代词 由 some/any/no/every + body/one/thing 构成（如 someone, anything, nothing）。 重点：作主语时，谓语动词用单数；形容词修饰时需后置（如 "something new"）。 ◇Part 02 必备能力题型强化练 一、单项选择 1．It is a long-standing ______ in many countries to celebrate the Spring Festival with family gatherings. A．tradition B．traditional C．traditionally D．treatment 2．As a grown-up, it’s your __________ to take care of your family and shoulder the pressure of life. A．response B．responsible C．respond D．responsibility 3．The ______ between humans and nature is a core value in Chinese culture, so we should respect natural laws. A．harmonize B．balanced C．harmonious D．harmony 4．The earthquake that struck the region yesterday _________ 6.8 on the Richter scale (里氏震级), leading to immediate emergency _________ across several provinces. A．measured; measures B．measured; measurements C．was measured; measures D．was measured; measurements 5．Actually, I’ve just finished the travel ________. A．arrange B．arranged C．arrangements D．arranging 6．He was chosen as a/an ________ student to study abroad. A．exchange B．top C．unusual D．special 7．—Few students like exams because they bring the students________.   —I agree. I think fewer exams will make students less________. A．stress; stressed B．stressed; stress C．stress; stress D．stressed; stressed 8．The book describes his exciting ___________ sailing alone across the Atlantic Ocean. A．generation B．adventure C．system D．expert 9．The new study plan has had a positive _________ on Lisa’s math grades since she started following it last month. A．affect B．effort C．infect D．effect 10．The advanced ________ has saved the lives of many patients. A．position B．equipment C．chart D．decoration 11．— Welcome back! Did you have a good ________ in senior high? — Yes, I joined several clubs and made new friends. A．trip B．journey C．experience D．habit 12．After hearing the surprising news, she stood there ________, taking a deep ________ to calm herself down. A．in shock, breathe B．in shock, breath C．shocking, breath D．shocked, breathe 13．The ________ that noise has on people is that it ________ people’s attitudes and behavior. A．effect; effects B．effect; affects C．affect; affects D．affect; effects 14．The patient can’t get out of bed without help, ________ makes it difficult to take care of him. A．and that B．and which C．which it D．this 15．It is unwise ________ all night before the exam, for it will do harm to your health and study efficiency. A．stay up B．staying up C．to stay up D．stayed up 16．People make ______ a rule to celebrate the Spring Festival with their families. A．what B．that C．it D．this 17．______ that the compass was first invented in China. A．It is known B．All is known C．As is known D．What is known 18．______ is known that with the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______. A．It; discovered B．As; have discovered C．As; had been discovered D．It; have been discovered 19．— I can’t believe Jim got first prize in the competition.   — As you know, God helps those who help ________. A．yourself B．himself C．yourselves D．themselves 20．The robbery in the Louvre Museum and the damage __________ caused aroused international concerns. A．who B．which C．where D．it 21．— Look, Cindy has a new mobile phone — Vivo X20. How nice it is! — Yes. Her mother bought ________ for her progress. My father also bought ________ for my improvement in English. A．it, it B．it, one C．one, one D．one, it 22．The answer came when Ham was sent into space in 1961. Yes, he did everything well and lived for ________ 16 years. A．another B．other C．others D．the others 23．—What’s ________ favourite subject? —________ favourite subject is English. A．you; My B．her; Her C．her; She D．your; Your 24．I’d like to introduce ________ first. A．me B．myself C．I D．my 25．I feel ________ a great honour to ________ to your birthday party. A．it, invite B． it, be invited C．us, being invited D． us, inviting 26．________ strikes me that nobody is really in favour of the changes. A．Its B．That C．What D．It 27．— I’ve lost the pen I bought last week. — Bad luck. Then you have to buy ________ next week. A．it B．that C．one D．a one 28．—Is this ________T-shirt? —No, ________ is on the chair. A．yours; mine B．your; mine C．mine; your D．yours; my 29．Cars made in our country are much cheaper than ________ imported from foreign countries. A．that B．one C．it D．those 30．There are four apples. Please ________. A．cut up it B．cut up them C．cut it up D．cut them up 31．________ is well-known that sharing our problems with family members can ________ the pressure we feel from schoolwork. A．It; relief B．It; relieve C．That; relieve D．This; relief 32．Many students find __________ helpful to take notes while listening to English lectures, as it helps them review key points later. A．them B．this C．that D．it 33．The unexpected death of her father in the accident and the suffering________ caused affected the little girl greatly. A．that B．it C．what D．which 34．Look. The book has Li Ming’s name on the cover. It must belong to ________. A．he B．his C．him D．hers 35．Freedom is one of the most precious gifts that heaven has bestowed upon men; no treasures ________ the earth holds buried or the sea conceals can compare with ________. A．that; it B．which; / C．where; it D．that; / 36．In our school, ________students like French, but ________ of them can speak French smoothly. A．a little; a few B．a few; few C．a few; little D．a little; few 37．The loud noise from the construction site made it impossible ________. A．concentrate B．concentrating C．to concentrate D．concentrated 38．She has ________ one-year-old daughter, and she often tells ________ story to her before bed. A．a; a B．an; the C．a; the D．an; a 39．It was such ______ unusual day for him, because after years of hard work his dream of entering ______ university finally came true. A．a, a B．a, an C．an, an D．an, a 40．— Kitty, what do you think of ________ film The Battle at Lake Changjin? — Pretty good. I’ve never seen ________ better one. A．a; a B．the; / C．a; the D．the; a 41．There is________ “s” in the word advise, and it doesn’t’ make________ /s/ sound. A．a; an B．an; a C．the, a D．a; the 42．________ China plays a greater role in global affairs, ________ increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. A．With; the B．As; the C．With; an D．As; an 43．—What does Tom usually have for dinner? —He usually has ________ apple and some milk. A．an B．a C．the D．/ 44．You can go to the Summer Palace on ________foot or by ________ bus. A．a; / B．a; a C．/; / D．/; a 45．He touched the girl on ________ arm to get her attention. A．his B．the C．her D．him 46．My brother, Mike, is such ________ honest boy that he never tells lies. We all believe him. A．A B．an C．the 47．Being smart is not enough. It courage to make difference in this world and to find answers to its urgent challenges. A．costs; the B．costs; a C．takes; / D．takes; a 48．The film Nezha was quite ________ hit across China, bringing in ________ amazing income within a month. A．a; an B．/; an C．a; / D．a; the 49．With Bill in lead, the explorers entered the forest which is home to many wild animals. A．the; a B．不填; a C．a; the D．the;不填 50．Every morning he spends ________ hour doing exercise. A．an B．a C．the D．/ 51．Mary is reading ______ book. It was ______ from the school library last week. A．a 80-pages; kept B．an 80-pages: got C．an 80-page; borrowed D．a 80-page; owned 52．The Great Wall is one of ________ most fantastic wonders in the world. A．/ B．the C．a D．an 53．It is ________ honor for me to be part of this historical moment and witness such a significant achievement. A．a B．the C．an D．/ 54．At ______ sight of his classmate, Bill, who was in ______ lead in the long-distance running, Bruce tried to run faster. A．a; a B．the; a C．a; the D．the; the 55．It is ______ honour for me to deliver a lecture on how to be a smart online learner. A．a B．the C．an D．/ 56．Give others ______ hand and you will be happy. A．an B．a C．the D．one 57．She got a prize for being _____ honest girl on _____ Children’s Day. A．an; the B．an; / C．a; / D．a; the 58．Cindy’s dream is to become ________ artist. She believes it can come true. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 59．It is really ________ wonder________ the Chinese players have won so many gold medals in the Olympic Games. A．a, which B．the, that C．a, that D．the, which 60．We should make ________ most of the chance to finish our task in time when they give us ________ hand tomorrow. A．the; a B．a; 不填 C．不填; the D．a; the 二、完形填空 Liu Shaochuang, a Chinese scientist-explorer, dreamed of being the first Chinese to reach the North Pole alone on foot. After years of strict training, he set out on his 61 journey in the Arctic, determined to fulfill his ambition. The 56-day trip was extremely tough. Temperatures dropped to -30°C to -40°C, and 62 snowstorms struck frequently. He skied 1,800 kilometers, pulling sledges with supplies and scientific 63 . Unstable ice made him fear falling into deadly crevasses (冰缝)that could 64 his life. Once, his navigation equipment broke down, forcing him to 65 to base camp. On the way, his feet 66 numb from cold. He also faced constant 67 from polar bears — Arctic’s most dangerous predators. Carrying protective tools, he stayed 68 day and night. Despite exhaustion and loneliness, Liu never 69 his goal. He skied hours daily, pushing his limits. When food grew 70 , he rationed carefully. His 71 and fortitude (坚韧)won Western media’s admiration. Finally, Liu reached the North Pole and planted China’s flag. He realized his dream and set a milestone 72 China’s polar exploration. “Perseverance means 73 forward even when hopeless,” he said. Liu’s story continues to 74 young explorers. It proves that with preparation and determination, impossible dreams come true — great achievements need courage to 75 challenges and keep going. 61．A．ordinary B．historic C．casual D．routine 62．A．gentle B．occasional C．fierce D．slight 63．A．instruments B．clothes C．books D．photos 64．A．save B．risk C．improve D．protect 65．A．travel B．return C．flee D．rush 66．A．grew B．remained C．proved D．felt 67．A．threat B．joy C．excitement D．hope 68．A．relaxed B．asleep C．alert D．tired 69．A．abandoned B．changed C．forgot D．shared 70．A．abundant B．fresh C．low D．delicious 71．A．weakness B．courage C．curiosity D．kindness 72．A．for B．to C．in D．at 73．A．walking B．moving C．looking D．turning 74．A．discourage B．confuse C．inspire D．worry 75．A．avoid B．take C．refuse D．face 三、阅读理解 1 When we talk about fighting climate change, images of vast forests usually come to mind. Trees are indeed vital “carbon sinks,” absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, scientists are increasingly pointing to a less visible but far more efficient ally beneath the waves: Blue Carbon. Blue carbon refers to the carbon captured and stored by coastal and marine ecosystems, specifically mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrass meadows. While these “blue forests” cover less than 2% of the seafloor, they are responsible for absorbing nearly half of the total carbon buried in the ocean each year. Compared to terrestrial forests, which store carbon in wood and soil for decades or centuries, coastal blue carbon ecosystems can lock carbon away in deep sediments for thousands of years. This makes them a critical weapon in the fight against global warming. Beyond carbon storage, these ecosystems provide essential services. Mangrove forests act as natural barriers, protecting coastal communities from storm surges and erosion. Seagrass meadows improve water quality by trapping sediments and releasing oxygen. Yet, despite their importance, these habitats are disappearing at an alarming rate — up to three times faster than tropical rainforests. The primary drivers are coastal development, pollution, and destructive fishing practices. When these ecosystems are damaged, the massive amounts of carbon stored in their soils are released back into the atmosphere, turning a climate solution into a source of emissions. Recognizing this, a new movement called “Blue Carbon Finance” is emerging. Countries like Indonesia and Australia are creating markets where companies can invest in restoring mangroves to offset their emissions. For instance, a project in Kenya’s Mikoko Pamoja has successfully sold carbon credits to fund local schools and clinics. This model demonstrates that environmental protection and economic development can go hand in hand. Nevertheless, challenges remain. Measuring the exact amount of carbon stored in underwater sediments is technically difficult, and ensuring that local communities benefit fairly from these projects requires careful governance. The race to save our blue planet is not just about planting trees; it is about saving the roots beneath the sea. 76．What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1 and 2? A．To introduce a new concept and explain its mechanism. B．To compare the sizes of different forest ecosystems. C．To criticize the inefficiency of traditional carbon sinks. D．To describe the beauty of coastal landscapes. 77．According to the passage, what is a unique advantage of Blue Carbon ecosystems? A．They cover more than half of the Earth’s surface. B．They can store carbon for thousands of years underground. C．They grow faster than any terrestrial plants. D．They are easier to restore than tropical rainforests. 78．What does the author suggest about “Blue Carbon Finance”? A．It focuses solely on punishing polluting companies. B．It has completely solved the problem of coastal erosion. C．It links environmental restoration with community benefits. D．It discourages investment in renewable energy. 79．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Disappearance of Coastal Wetlands B．Blue Carbon: The Ocean’s Secret Weapon Against Climate Change C．How to Invest in Green Energy Projects D．The Comparison Between Trees and Seaweed 2 Global Green Actions for a Sustainable Future While global leaders gathered in Geneva last month to discuss ambitious climate targets, a new report from the Global Sustainability Index has cast a shadow over the optimism. The report reveals a widening gap between political rhetoric and the slow pace of actual implementation on the ground. Although investments in green technology are breaking records, the planet’s temperature continues to climb. According to the data, renewable energy sources like wind and solar are growing faster than ever. In Europe, solar power capacity increased by 25% last year, and electric vehicle sales have doubled. However, the report points out that this growth is dangerously uneven. Developing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia and Africa, often lack the necessary funds and technology to build large-scale green infrastructure. As a result, they continue to rely heavily on coal and oil to fuel their economic growth. “We are seeing a split world,” says Dr. Kenji Tanaka, an economist at the report. “The rich get greener, while the poor are left with the bill.” Another major challenge highlighted is “greenwashing.” Many large corporations claim to be “carbon neutral” by buying cheap carbon credits from forest conservation projects abroad, rather than reducing emissions from their own factories. Scientists criticize this practice, arguing that it creates an illusion of progress while the planet continues to heat up. “We cannot buy our way out of the climate crisis,” says Dr. Elena Rodriguez, a lead researcher. “Real change requires cutting emissions at the source.”   Despite these setbacks, the report highlights successful local initiatives that offer hope. In Kenya, a partnership between the government and local communities has successfully combined wildlife protection with solar power generation, providing both jobs and clean energy. Similarly, Costa Rica’s policy to pay landowners for preserving forests has restored biodiversity and boosted eco-tourism. These examples prove that practical, well-funded actions can work. The report concludes that international cooperation must move beyond empty promises and focus on providing real financial support to ensure a “just transition” for all nations. 80．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To introduce a new climate agreement signed in Geneva. B．To highlight the contradiction between promises and reality. C．To explain why renewable energy is growing so rapidly. D．To criticize the economic policies of developing countries. 81．What does the underlined word “greenwashing” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Making misleading claims about being environmentally friendly. B．Investing heavily in new green technologies and innovations. C．Cleaning up polluted industrial sites and rivers. D．Planting trees to absorb carbon dioxide from the air. 82．According to Dr. Elena Rodriguez, what is the fundamental solution to the climate crisis? A．Buying more international carbon credits. B．Shifting entirely to renewable energy sources. C．Cutting emissions directly at the source. D．Cooperating with large multinational corporations. 83．Why does the author mention Kenya and Costa Rica in the last paragraph? A．To illustrate the uneven distribution of global wealth. B．To provide evidence of successful local green actions. C．To compare different approaches to wildlife protection. D．To explain why solar power is more popular in Africa. 四、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Language is sometimes written as a code so that people can communicate secrets. During 84 Second World War, the German Navy （海军）used a code to send messages. The British broke the code and 85 （learn） about many German plans. The Japanese also used a code to talk to 86 （they） ships at sea. It was called the Purple Code. Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it 87 （break）. In 1942 , the Americans began to use their own code to send 88 （secret）. A few Navajo（纳瓦在人）Indians made this code 89 （base） on their language, which only some American Indians spoke. The code described a few things the American army did. Only they could understand this code, so they went with the army as it fought against the Japanese. These Navajo soldiers promised 90 （keep） this code a secret, even though this could cause their 91 （die）. The Japanese never broke the code because they knew nothing 92 the Navajo language. And the code, 93 connected two languages, helped win the war in the Pacific. 参考答案 一、 1．A 【解析】考查名词词。 句意：在许多国家，通过家庭团聚来庆祝春节是一个由来已久的传统。 A. tradition传统；习俗；B. traditional传统的；C. traditionally传统上；习惯上；D. treatment治疗。空处作表语，且被不定冠词和形容词long-standing修饰，名词tradition“传统”符合题意。故选A。 2．D 【解析】考查名词、形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：作为成年人，你有责任照顾好你的家人，并承担起生活的压力。A. response响应，反应（名词）；B. responsible负责任的（形容词）；C. respond回应，响应（动词）；D. responsibility责任（名词）。空处作表语，前面有形容词性物主代词修饰，应填名词形式，表示“责任”使用名词responsibility，故选D。 3．D 【解析】考查名词。句意：人与自然的和谐是中国文化的核心价值，所以我们应该尊重自然规律。 A. harmonize协调；使和谐； B. balanced平衡的； C. harmonious和谐的； D. harmony和谐；融洽。 根据语境，The后接名词作主语，此处表示“人与自然的和谐”，故选D。 4．A 【解析】考查动词和名词。句意：昨天袭击该地区的地震里氏震级为6.8级，导致多个省份立即采取紧急措施。第一空，measure作动词时，可表示“（尺寸、数量等）量度为”，此时是不及物动词，无被动语态，所以此处应用measure的主动形式，陈述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，空处谓语动词用过去式形式measured；第二空，measurements意为“测量，尺寸”；measure作名词时，可表示“措施，方法”，emergency measures为固定短语，表示“紧急措施”。故选A。 5．C 【解析】考查名词。句意：实际上，我刚完成了旅行安排。根据句子结构可知，此处需要一个名词作为finished的宾语，表示“安排”这一概念。arrange为动词“安排”，其名词形式为arrangement，为可数名词，通常使用复数形式表示泛指。故选C。 6．A 【解析】考查名词或形容词词义辨析。句意：他被选为交换生去国外学习。A. exchange交换；B. top顶部/顶尖；C. unusual不寻常的；D. special特别的。根据下文“to study abroad”可知，此处表示“交换生”，“exchange student”是固定搭配。故选A。 7．A 【解析】考查名词和形容词。句意：——很少有学生喜欢考试，因为考试会给学生带来压力。——我同意。我认为更少的考试会让学生压力更小。第一空“bring sb. sth.”是固定搭配，意为“给某人带来某物”，此处需要名词，stress作名词时表示“压力”；第二空“make sb. + adj.”是固定结构，意为“使某人处于某种状态”，stressed是形容词，意为“感到有压力的”，用来修饰人。故选A项。 8．B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书描述了他独自横渡大西洋的激动人心的冒险。A. generation一代人；B. adventure冒险；C. system系统；D. expert专家。由语意可知，“sailing alone across the Atlantic Ocean”是一件具有挑战性的冒险行为，此处需要表示“冒险”的名词，作宾语。故选B。 9．D 【解析】考查名词和动词词义辨析。句意：自从丽莎上个月开始遵循新的学习计划以来，它对她的数学成绩产生了积极的影响。A. affect v.影响；B. effort n.努力；C. infect v.传染；D. effect n.影响。句中需要一个名词作宾语，排除A、C选项；句中表示“对……有积极的影响”用名词effect作宾语。故选D项。 10．B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：先进的设备挽救了许多病人的生命。A. position位置；B. equipment设备；C. chart图表；D. decoration装饰。由语意可知，空格处需填入一个能与形容词“advanced(先进的)”搭配，且符合“挽救病人生命”这一医疗语境的名词。四个选项中，只有“equipment(设备)”最为合适。故选B项。 11．C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——欢迎回来！你高中过得愉快吗？——是的，我参加了几个社团，也交了新朋友。A. trip旅行；B. journey旅程；C. experience经历、体验；D. habit习惯。根据“joined several clubs and made new friends”可知，回答内容与高中时期的整体经历有关。故选C项。 12．B 【解析】考查介词短语和名词。句意：听到这个令人惊讶的消息后，她震惊地站在那里，深吸一口气使自己平静下来。in shock是固定短语，意为“震惊地”，在句中作状语，修饰动词stood；take a deep breath是固定搭配，意为“深呼吸”。故选B。 13．B 【解析】考查名词和动词。句意：噪音对人们产生的影响在于它会影响人们的态度和行为。第一空，“The...that noise has on people”是“the + 名词 + that 引导的定语从句”结构，这里需用名词effect作主语，effect在句中作定语从句的先行词；第二空，分析句子可知，此处缺少谓语动词，affect作动词时，意为“影响”，主语“it”（指代noise）是第三人称单数，句子陈述一般事实用一般现在时，所以用affects。故选B项。 14．A 【解析】考查并列句与指示代词的用法。句意：这位病人没人帮忙就下不了床，这使得照顾他变得很困难。空处可引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导从句，无选项符合；本句也可理解为并列连词and连接的并列句，and后使用代词that指代前面句子表示的情况，作后一分句的主语，语法和语义均通顺。故选A。 15．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：考试前熬夜一整晚是不明智的，因为这会损害你的健康和学习效率。分析句子结构可知，本句为It is + 形容词 + to do sth固定句型，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构，因此用to stay up作真正主语，符合语境。故选C项。 16．C 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：人们把和家人一起庆祝春节作为一项规定。make it + 名词/形容词 + to do sth.是一个常用的固定结构，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式to celebrate the Spring Festival with their families，a rule是宾语补足语。故选C。 17．A 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：众所周知，指南针最早是在中国发明的。分析句子可知，此处是固定句型It is known that...，意为“众所周知……”，其中It是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。故选A。 18．D 【解析】考查主语从句和动词时态语态。句意：众所周知，在高科技的帮助下，人们已经发现了越来越多的新物质。分析句子结构可知，第一空为“It is known that...”结构，其中It作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语，意为“众所周知”，故第一空填It；第二空，句子描述的是过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，且主语substances（物质）与discover（发现）之间为被动关系，故应用现在完成时的被动语态，即have been discovered。故选D。 19．D 【解析】考查代词。句意：——我简直不敢相信吉姆在比赛中竟然获得了第一名。——如你所知，天助自助者。句中定语从句who help... 的先行词是those（那些人），表示复数概念，从句中的反身代词需要和先行词those在数上保持一致，用themselves。故选D。 20．D 【解析】考查代词。句意：卢浮宫博物馆的抢劫案及其造成的破坏引起了国际关注。and连接The robbery和the damage，“___ caused”为后置定语修饰“the damage”，这里“it”指代前面提到的“The robbery”。作主语。故填it。 21．B 【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：——看，辛迪有一部新手机——Vivo X20。多漂亮啊！——是的。她妈妈为了她的进步买了它。我爸爸也为了我英语的提高给我买了一部。it“它”，指代上文提到的同一事物；one“一个”，指代上文提到的同类事物中的一个。第一个空，根据上文“Cindy has a new mobile phone — Vivo X20.”可知，此处指代上文提到的辛迪的那部新手机，所以用it；第二个空，根据语境可知，此处指代和辛迪手机同类中的一部，所以用one。故选B。 22．A 【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意：1961年，当汉姆被送入太空时，答案出来了。是的，他一切都做得很好，又活了16年。A. another又一，再一，后接单数名词或“数词+复数名词”；B. other别的，其他的，后接复数名词；C. others别的人或物，相当于“other+复数名词”；D. the others其余的人或物，表示在一个范围内的其余全部。根据语境和空后“16 years”可知，此处表示“又活了16年”，应用“another+数词+复数名词”结构，即another 16 years。故选A。 23．B 【解析】考查代词。句意：———她最喜欢哪门学科？——她最喜欢的科目是英语。第一空使用形容词性物主代词作定语，此处表示“她的”用her；第二空使用形容词性物主代词作定语，表示“她的”也用her。故选B。 24．B 【解析】考查代词。句意：我想要先自我介绍。introduce oneself是固定搭配，意为“自我介绍”。故选B。 25．B 【解析】考查代词it的用法和被动语态。句意：能被邀请参加你的生日派对，我感到非常荣幸。第一空it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语；第二空主语“I”与动词“invite”是被动关系，需用不定式的被动形式be invited。故选B项。 26．D 【解析】考查形式主语。句意：我突然意识到没有人真正赞成这些改变。it strikes sb. that...“某人突然想/意识到……”是固定句型，it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。故选D。 27．C 【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：——我丢了上周买的那支笔。——真倒霉。那你下周得再买一支了。A. it指代同一支笔；B. that指远处的某物或指代同类异物，表示特指；C. one指同类事物中的任意一个，表示泛指；D. a one错误用法。第一个说话者丢的是特定的一支笔，第二个说话者是说购买同类的另一支笔，而非同一支笔，且表示泛指，因此用one泛指同类事物中的另一个。故选C。 28．B 【解析】考查代词。句意：——这是你的T恤吗？——不，我的T恤在椅子上。第一空使用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰T-shirt，表示“你的”用your；第二空使用名词性物主代词作主语，表示“我的T恤”用mine。故选B。 29．D 【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：我们国内生产的汽车比从国外进口的汽车要便宜得多。A. that用于指代单数可数名词或不可数名词，且通常有后置定语；B. one用于指代单数可数名词（泛指同类中的一个）；C. it用于指代前文提到的同一事物（单数），强调“同名同物”；D. those用于指代复数可数名词（特指前文提到的同类事物，相当于“the + 复数名词”）。此处指代上文Cars，复数可数名词用those。故选D。 30．D 【解析】考查短语。句意：有四个苹果。请把它们切开。代指four apples ，用代词them。cut up是“切碎”的意思，当它接代词作宾语时，代词要放在cut和up之间。故选D。 31．B 【解析】考查固定句型与词性辨析。句意：众所周知，与家人分享我们的问题可以缓解我们感受到的学业压力。第一空是“it is well-known that...”固定句型，“it”作形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；第二空位于情态动词“can”后，需用动词原形，“relieve”是动词，意为“缓解”，“relief”是名词，意为“缓解”。故选B项。 32．D 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：许多学生发现在听英语讲座时做笔记很有帮助，因为这有助于他们后来复习要点。在英语中，当不定式短语、动名词短语或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用“it”作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。本句中，“to take notes while listening to English lectures”是真正的宾语，放在了句尾，前面用it作形式宾语。故选D。 33．B 【解析】考查代词。句意：她父亲在事故中的意外死亡及其造成的痛苦极大地影响了这个小女孩。分析可知，“________ caused”为之前“the suffering”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作动词“caused”的宾语，关系代词“that/which”被省略。因此可将从句还原为“_____ caused the suffering”，分析得知，从句缺少主语，且指代前文“The unexpected death of her father in the accident(她父亲在那次事故中意外身亡)”，用it指代。故选B项。 34．C 【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：看，这本书上有李明的名字，它一定属于他。A. he他（主格）；B. his他的（形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词）；C. him他（宾格）；D. hers她的。此处使用代词宾格作宾语。故选C。 35．A 【解析】考查定语从句和代词。句意：自由是上天赐予人类的最珍贵的礼物之一；地球上埋藏的或海洋隐藏的任何珍宝都无法与之相比。第一空，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词treasures，先行词指物，引导词在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that或which引导，由于先行词前有no修饰，只能用关系代词that引导，故选A和D；第二空，需用代词it指代前面的Freedom，作介词with的宾语，排除D。故选A。 36．B 【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：在我们学校，有几位学生喜欢法语，但他们中没几个人能流利地说法语。第一空修饰可数名词students，需用a few；第二空，由but可知，表示“几乎没有”，应用few或者little，由them可知，使用few。故选B。 37．C 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：建筑工地传来的巨大噪音使人无法集中注意力。根据“make it + 形容词 + to do sth. (使做某事……)”的固定结构可知，此空应是动词不定式to concentrate作真正的宾语，it是形式宾语。故选C。 38．A 【解析】句意：她有一个一岁的女儿，她经常在睡前给她讲故事。第一空泛指“一个一岁的女儿”，且“one”的发音以辅音音素/w/开头，其前需用不定冠词a；第二空泛指“一个故事”，且tell a story（讲故事）为固定搭配，需用不定冠词a。 39．D 【解析】考查冠词。句意：对于他来说，这一天是如此不同寻常，因为经过多年的不懈努力，他一直以来的大学梦终于实现了。第一空day为泛指，unusual是发音以元音音素开头的单词，故用an；第二空university为泛指，且是辅音音素开头的单词，故用a。故选D。 40．D 【解析】考查冠词。句意：——基蒂，你觉得《长津湖》这部电影怎么样？——非常好。我从没看过比这更好的一部了。第一空后的film特指《长津湖》，是特指某一部电影，需用定冠词the；第二空用“a +比较级+单数名词”的结构，表示“一个更……的事物”，此处a better one指代一部更好的电影，符合语境。故选D项。 41．B 【解析】考查冠词。句意：单词advise里有一个字母s，而且它不发/s/这个音。第一空单词advise里包含字母s，这个字母的发音是/es/，属于元音音素开头；第二空句子中提到的/s/是辅音音素，辅音音素前要用不定冠词a。故选B。 42．D 【解析】考查连词和冠词的用法辨析。句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥更大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这门美妙的语言领略中国的文化和历史。分析句子结构以及结合选项可知，as是连词，可引导时间状语从句，后接完整句子（本句中China plays a greater role...是完整句子）；with是介词，后接名词/代词或动名词短语，不能接完整句子，因此排除A、C项；第二空考查固定搭配an increasing number of，表示“越来越多的”，increasing以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an，因此排除B项。综上，D项符合语法规则与语境。故选D项。 43．A 【解析】考查冠词。句意：——汤姆晚餐通常吃什么？——他通常吃一个苹果和一些牛奶。名词apple是可数名词单数，表示泛指，且以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故选A。 44．C 【解析】考查冠词。句意：你可以步行去颐和园，也可以乘公共汽车去。on foot是固定短语，意为“步行”，中间不用冠词；“by + 交通工具”表示“乘坐某种交通工具”，中间也不用冠词，by bus“乘公共汽车”。故选C。 45．B 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：他轻轻碰了碰女孩的手臂以引起她的注意。英语中，当提及身体部位时，常用the代替物主代词，touch sb on the arm是固定句型。故填the。 46．B 【解析】考查冠词。句意：我的哥哥迈克是个非常诚实的孩子，他从不撒谎。我们都信任他。根据空格后的单数名词boy可知，空格处应该用不定冠词表示“一”，形容词honest的发音是元音音素开头，所以用an。故填an。 47．D 【解析】考查固定句型和冠词。句意：光聪明是不够的。在这个世界上有所作为，并找到应对紧迫挑战的答案，都需要勇气。It takes+名词/代词+to do sth 是固定句型，表示“做某事需要……”，因此第一空选takes；第二空考查的是短语make a difference(产生影响)，是固定搭配，因此填a。故选D。 48．A 【解析】考查冠词。句意：电影《哪吒》在中国大获成功，一个月内就创下了惊人的票房收入。分析句子可知，hit在此处为可数名词，意为“成功的事物（如电影、歌曲等）”，这里表示泛指“一部成功的电影”，且quite a hit是固定搭配，意为“相当成功”，故用不定冠词a；第二空中，这里表示“一笔可观的收入”，应用不定冠词表泛指：且amazing以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。故选A项。 49．D 【解析】考查冠词。句意：在比尔的带领下，探险者们进入了这片森林，这里居住着许多野生动物。with sb. in the lead固定搭配，意为“在某人的带领下”，be home to固定搭配，意为“……的栖息地，……之家”，故选D。 50．A 【解析】考查冠词。句意：每天早上他花一个小时做运动。hour是可数名词的单数形式，前面要加不定冠词，hour是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故选A。 51．C 【解析】考查复合形容词和动词辨析。句意：玛丽正在读一本80页的书。这是上周从学校图书馆借来的。第一空考查冠词和名词单复数的搭配，80-page“80页的”作为修饰名词book，数词与单位名词连用构成复合形容词时单位名词用单数，且80-page发音为元音音素开头，需在其前加不定冠词an；kept保存；got获得；borrow借入；owned拥有，结合“from the school library”可知，是从图书馆借来的书。故选C。 52．B 【解析】考查冠词。句意：长城是世界上最神奇的奇迹之一。one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词，表示“最……之一”，结合比较范围“in the world”可知，此空应填the。故选B。 53．C 【解析】考查冠词。句意：能够成为这一历史时刻的一部分并见证如此重大的成就，我感到非常荣幸。空处应用不定冠词泛指一个，honor以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故选C项。 54．D 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：看到在长跑中领先的同学比尔，布鲁斯试图跑得更快。分析句子可知，空格一处涉及固定短语“at the sight of…”，意为“一看到……”，故空格一处应填“the”；空格二处涉及固定短语“in the lead”，意为“处于领先地位”，故空格二处应填“the”。故选D项。 55．C 【解析】考查冠词。句意：我很荣幸能就如何成为一名聪明的在线学习者发表演讲。此处泛指“一种荣幸”，使用不定冠词修饰，且honour是以元音音素开头，故选C。 56．B 【解析】考查冠词。句意：帮助别人，你就会快乐。A. an不定冠词，用于发音以元音音素开头的单词前；B. a不定冠词，用于发音以辅音音素开头的单词前；C. the定冠词，用于特指；D. one代词，用于泛指。give sb a hand为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人”。故选B。 57．B 【解析】考查冠词。句意：她在儿童节获得了诚实女孩奖。a/an“一个”，表示泛指，a用在辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在元音音素开头的单词前；the“这个”，表示特指。第一空泛指“一个诚实女孩”，且honest以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。Children’s Day前不需冠词。故选B。 58．B 【解析】考查冠词。句意：辛迪的梦想是成为一名艺术家。她相信这是可以实现的。artist为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词；而且artist以元音音素开头，应用an。故选B项。 59．C 【解析】考查冠词和主语从句。句意：中国运动员在奥运会上赢得这么多金牌，真是个奇迹。第一空后的wonder意为“奇迹”，可数名词单数，结合句意，此处表示“一个奇迹”为泛指意义，所以使用不定冠词，wonder的首个音素为辅音，所以使用不定冠词a；第二空为连接词引导的主语动词，从句不缺句子成分，句意完整，所以此处使用连接词that。故选C项。 60．A 【解析】考查冠词。句意：明天他们帮助我们时，我们应该充分利用这个机会及时完成任务。make the most of为固定搭配，意为“充分利用”，第一空需填冠词the；give sb a hand为固定搭配，意为“给予某人帮助”，第二空需填冠词a。故选A。 二、 61．B 62．C 63．A 64．B 65．B 66．D 67．A 68．C 69．A 70．C 71．B 72．C 73．B 74．C 75．D 【解析】本文讲述了中国科学家探险家刘少创独自徒步前往北极的艰难历程，他克服重重困难最终实现梦想并为中国极地探索树立了里程碑。 【解析】61．考查形容词。句意：经过多年严格训练，他开始了在北极的历史性旅程，决心实现自己的抱负。A. ordinary普通的；B. historic历史性的；C. casual随意的；D. routine常规的。结合上文“dreamed of being the first Chinese to reach the North Pole alone on foot”他要成为第一个独自徒步到达北极的中国人可知，这是一次具有历史性的旅程。 62．考查形容词。句意：温度降到零下30到40摄氏度，猛烈的暴风雪频繁袭击。A. gentle温和的；B. occasional偶尔的；C. fierce猛烈的；D. slight轻微的。根据上文“The 56-day trip was extremely tough.”推测，暴风雪是猛烈的。 63．考查名词。句意：他滑雪1800公里，拖着装有物资和科学仪器的雪橇。A. instruments仪器；B. clothes衣服；C. books书；D. photos照片。根据上文“Liu Shaochuang, a Chinese scientist-explorer”可知，作为科学家探险家，拖的应该是科学仪器。 64．考查动词。句意：不稳定的冰让他害怕掉进致命的冰缝，那可能会危及他的生命。A. save拯救；B. risk危及；C. improve提高；D. protect保护。根据上文“made him fear falling into deadly crevasses”可知，致命的冰缝会危及生命。 65．考查动词。句意：有一次，他的导航设备坏了，迫使他返回大本营。A. travel旅行；B. return返回；C. flee逃离；D. rush冲。根据上文“his navigation equipment broke down”推测，设备坏了只能返回大本营。 66．考查动词。句意：在路上，他感觉脚冻得麻木了。A. grew变得；B. remained保持；C. proved证明；D. felt感觉。根据下文“numb from cold”可知，这是他的感觉。 67．考查名词。句意：他还面临着来自北极熊 —— 北极最危险的捕食者的持续威胁。A. threat威胁；B. joy快乐；C. excitement兴奋；D. hope希望。结合常识和后文“rom polar bears”可知，北极熊是危险的捕食者，会带来威胁。 68．考查形容词。句意：带着保护工具，他日夜保持警惕。A. relaxed放松的；B. asleep睡着的；C. alert警惕的；D. tired疲惫的。根据上文“He also faced constant ____ from polar bears — Arctic’s most dangerous predators.”可知，面对北极熊这样的捕食者要保持警惕。 69．考查动词。句意：尽管疲惫和孤独，刘少创从未放弃他的目标。A. abandoned 放弃；B. changed 改变；C. forgot 忘记；D. shared 分享。根据下文“He skied hours daily, pushing his limits.”以及“Finally, Liu reached the North Pole and planted China’s flag.”可知，他坚持实现梦想，从未放弃目标。 70．考查形容词。句意：当食物减少时，他仔细地定量分配。A. abundant丰富的；B. fresh新鲜的；C. low少的；D. delicious美味的。根据下文“he rationed carefully.”推测，食物减少了。 71．考查名词。句意：他的勇气和坚韧赢得了西方媒体的钦佩。A. weakness弱点；B. courage勇气；C. curiosity好奇心；D. kindness善良。根据上文“Despite exhaustion and loneliness, Liu never ____ his goal.”可知，他面对各种困难坚持下来，体现了勇气和坚韧。 72．考查介词。句意：他实现了梦想，在中国极地探索上立下了一座里程碑。A. for为了；B. to到；C. in在…… 里；D. at在。结合后文“China’s polar exploration”可知，此处指在中国的极地探索（史）中，用介词in。 73．考查动词。句意：他说：“毅力意味着即使没有希望也要继续前进。”A. walking走；B. moving移动，前进；C. looking看；D. turning转动。结合上文“Perseverance”和后文“forward”可知，此处指毅力意味着继续前进。 74．考查动词。句意：刘的故事继续激励着年轻的探险家们。A. discourage使气馁；B. confuse使困惑；C. inspire激励；D. worry使担心。结合上文“Finally, Liu reached the North Pole and planted China’s flag. He realized his dream and set a milestone ____ China’s polar exploration.”可知，他的故事是积极的，故应是激励着年轻的探险家。 75．考查动词。句意：这证明了有了准备和决心，不可能的梦想也能实现 —— 伟大的成就需要勇气去面对挑战并继续前进。A. avoid避免；B. take拿；C. refuse拒绝；D. face面对。结合上文“great achievements”和下文“challenges and keep going”可知，要取得成就需要面对挑战。 三、 1 76．A 77．B 78．C 79．B 【解析】文章介绍蓝碳的作用、现状及相关金融举措，呼吁保护海洋碳汇生态系统。 76．推理判断题。根据第一段中“However, scientists are increasingly pointing to a less visible but far more efficient ally beneath the waves: Blue Carbon.(然而，科学家们愈发指出，海面之下有一个不那么显眼但效率高得多的盟友：蓝碳)”以及第二段“Blue carbon refers to the carbon captured and stored by coastal and marine ecosystems, specifically mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrass meadows. While these “blue forests” cover less than 2% of the seafloor, they are responsible for absorbing nearly half of the total carbon buried in the ocean each year. Compared to terrestrial forests, which store carbon in wood and soil for decades or centuries, coastal blue carbon ecosystems can lock carbon away in deep sediments for thousands of years. This makes them a critical weapon in the fight against global warming.(蓝碳指的是海岸和海洋生态系统捕获并储存的碳，具体包括红树林、潮汐沼泽和海草床。这些“蓝色森林”虽占不到海底面积的 2%，却吸收了每年海洋中沉积碳总量的近一半。陆地森林将碳储存在树木和土壤中，留存数十年或数百年，而海岸蓝碳生态系统能将碳封存在深层沉积物中长达数千年。这让它们成为对抗全球变暖的重要武器)” 可知，前两段引出蓝碳这一新概念，并讲解其运作与优势。 77．细节理解题。根据第二段中“coastal blue carbon ecosystems can lock carbon away in deep sediments for thousands of years (海岸蓝碳生态系统能将碳封存在深层沉积物中长达数千年)”可知，蓝碳生态系统独有的优势是可在地下储碳数千年。 78．细节理解题。根据第四段中“a project in Kenya’s Mikoko Pamoja has successfully sold carbon credits to fund local schools and clinics. This model demonstrates that environmental protection and economic development can go hand in hand.(肯尼亚米科科·帕莫贾的一个项目成功出售碳信用额度，为当地学校和诊所提供资金。这种模式表明环境保护与经济发展可以同步推进)”可知，蓝碳金融将生态修复和社区福利结合在了一起。 79．主旨大意题。根据全文内容以及第一段中“However, scientists are increasingly pointing to a less visible but far more efficient ally beneath the waves: Blue Carbon.(然而，科学家们愈发指出，海面之下有一个不那么显眼但效率高得多的盟友：蓝碳)”、第二段中“This makes them a critical weapon in the fight against global warming.(这让它们成为对抗全球变暖的重要武器)”可知，文章核心围绕蓝碳展开，介绍其是海洋中应对气候变化的有力手段。B选项“蓝碳：海洋应对气候变化的秘密武器”最贴合文章主旨，适合作标题。 2 80．B 81．A 82．C 83．B 【解析】文章主要介绍全球环保行动的现状、现存问题，并列举成功案例，呼吁各国开展务实合作。 80．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The report reveals a widening gap between political rhetoric and the slow pace of actual implementation on the ground. Although investments in green technology are breaking records, the planet’s temperature continues to climb.(这份报告揭示出政治言论与实际落地进展缓慢之间的差距正在不断扩大。尽管绿色技术的投资创下新高，但全球气温仍在持续上升。)”可知，首段意在点明环保承诺与现实情况之间存在矛盾。 81．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Many large corporations claim to be “carbon neutral” by buying cheap carbon credits from forest conservation projects abroad, rather than reducing emissions from their own factories. Scientists criticize this practice, arguing that it creates an illusion of progress while the planet continues to heat up.(许多大型企业通过从海外森林保护项目购买廉价碳信用额来宣称自己实现“碳中和”，却不从自身工厂减排。科学家对此提出批评，称这种做法制造出进步的假象，而全球变暖仍在持续。)”可知，很多企业并非真正节能减排，只是依靠购买碳额度伪装环保、制造虚假进步，由此可知greenwashing指虚假环保、进行误导性环保宣传的行为。 82．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We cannot buy our way out of the climate crisis,” says Dr. Elena Rodriguez, a lead researcher. “Real change requires cutting emissions at the source.”(首席研究员埃琳娜·罗德里格斯博士表示：“我们无法靠购买手段摆脱气候危机。真正的改变需要从源头减少排放。”)”可知，在她看来，解决气候危机的根本办法是从源头直接减排。 83．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Despite these setbacks, the report highlights successful local initiatives that offer hope. In Kenya, a partnership between the government and local communities has successfully combined wildlife protection with solar power generation, providing both jobs and clean energy. Similarly, Costa Rica’s policy to pay landowners for preserving forests has restored biodiversity and boosted eco-tourism.(尽管存在这些阻碍，这份报告列举了诸多带来希望的地方性成功举措。在肯尼亚，政府与当地社区合作，成功将野生动物保护与太阳能发电相结合，既创造了就业岗位，又提供了清洁能源。同样，哥斯达黎加推行补贴土地所有者保护森林的政策，恢复了生物多样性并推动了生态旅游发展。)”可知，作者列举肯尼亚和哥斯达黎加的实例，是为了证明地方性环保举措能够取得实效，以此作为成功案例进行佐证。 四、 84．the 85．learned/learnt 86．their 87．had been broken 88．secrets 89．based 90．to keep 91．deaths 92．about 93．which 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了二战时期不同国家使用的一些语言密码。 【解析】84．考查冠词。此处特指第二次世界大战，序数词前面要用定冠词 the。故填the。 85．考查时态。根据前文During the Second World War可知是过去发生的事情，所以此处用一般过去时learned/learnt。故填learned/learnt。 86．考查代词。此处表示日本人也用密码跟他们的船只交流，修饰名词ships应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 87．考查时态及语态。根据前文Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it可知，美国人破解了密码，但日本人不知道密码已经被破解了。break动作发生在didn’t know之前，故本空应用过去完成时，且根据语境可知此处应用被动语态，故填 had been broken。 88．考查名词复数。根据语境可知美国人用密码传递秘密，秘密不可能是一个，应用复数 secrets。故填secrets。 89．考查过去分词。此处指一些纳瓦霍印第安人以他们的语言为基础创造了密码。be based on意为“以……为基础”，本空应用过去分词based。故填based。 90．考查不定式。promise to do sth. 意为“承诺做某事”，本空应用to keep作宾语。故填to keep。 91．考查名词复数。设空处作动词cause的宾语，并且被形容词性物主代词their修饰，所以用名词复数。故填deaths。 92．考查介词。根据语境可知，他们对纳瓦霍印第安人的语言一无所知。know nothing about...意为“对……一无所知”，本空应介词 about。故填about。 93．考查定语从句的关系词。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the code, 关系词在从句中作主语，应用which。故填which。 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题01 名词、冠词与代词 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 必备能力题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 名词 知识维度 细分项目 初中阶段要求 (基础掌握) 高中阶段要求 (深化与拓展) 初高中衔接重点/差异分析 1. 名词分类 专有 vs 普通 能识别常见人名、地名、节日等专有名词，首字母大写。 理解专有名词普通化的现象（如 a Shakespeare, two Chinas）；掌握抽象名词具体化用法。 差异：高中更强调名词在特定语境下的词性转化和语义延伸。 可数 vs 不可数 掌握常见可数/不可数名词；能用 a/an, some, any, many, much 修饰。 掌握“兼类词”（如 experience, room, glass）在不同语义下的可数性变化；理解抽象名词的具体化。 重点：需记忆高频兼类词在不同含义下的可数性区别（如 work 工作[不可数] vs works 工厂/著作[可数]）。 2. 复数变化规则 规则变化 掌握 -s, -es, -y变i加es, -f/fe变v加es 等基本规则。 熟练运用；注意外来词复数（如 phenomenon->phenomena）虽非强制但需识别。 差异：高中阅读中会出现更多不规则或外来语复数，需具备识别能力。 不规则变化 掌握 man->men, child->children, foot->feet, tooth->teeth, mouse->mice 等常见词。 扩展至 deer->deer, sheep->sheep, Chinese->Chinese 等单复数同形；以及 data, media 等集合概念。 重点：注意主谓一致中，单复数同形名词根据语境判断谓语动词单复数。 复合名词 简单复合词复数（如 apple trees）。 掌握主体名词变复数（如 passers-by, editors-in-chief）；无主体名词时末尾加s（如 grown-ups）。 难点：高中常考复合名词复数形式的特殊变化，需专门记忆。 3. 所有格用法 's 所有格 用于有生命的人或动物（如 Tom's book）。 扩展至时间、距离、国家、城市、机构等无生命名词（如 today's news, ten minutes' walk）。 差异：高中打破“有生命才用's”的局限，强调习惯用法和拟人化表达。 of 所有格 用于无生命物体（如 the door of the room）。 掌握双重所有格（a friend of my father's）；区分 of 所有格与 's 所有格的细微语义差别。 重点：双重所有格表示“部分”概念，且后置修饰语常含限定词，是高中语法填空高频考点。 4. 句法功能 基本成分 作主语、宾语、表语。 除基本成分外，熟练掌握作定语（名词修饰名词，如 apple pie）、同位语、宾语补足语。 差异：高中长难句中，名词作同位语解释说明前文，或作定语构成复合概念的情况大幅增加。 主谓一致 简单主语与谓语一致。 处理复杂主语：集合名词（family, class, team）视整体或个体而定；并列主语、就近原则、就远原则。 难点：高中重点考察语境中集合名词的单复数判断，以及倒装句、定语从句中的主谓一致。 学习建议 1. 词汇积累升级：从单纯记忆单词中文意思，转向记忆单词的可数性和常见搭配。例如，遇到 advice 要立刻反应出它是不可数名词，不能说 an advice。 2. 语境意识：高中英语中，同一个名词在不同语境下可数性可能不同（如 paper 纸[不可数] vs paper 报纸/论文[可数]）。阅读时需结合上下文判断。 3. 语法精细化：重点突破双重所有格和集合名词的主谓一致，这是初高中衔接中最容易失分的语法点。 冠词 知识点类别 细分项 规则/用法说明 示例 基本用法 不定冠词 a/an 1. 用于单数可数名词前，表示“一个”或泛指某一类人或物。 2. a 用于辅音音素开头的词前；an 用于元音音素开头的词前。 a book, an apple, an hour (h不发音), a university (u发/j/音) 定冠词 the 1. 用于特指的人或物。 2. 用于上文已提到的人或物。 3. 用于世上独一无二的事物前。 the sun, the moon, the earth, the book on the desk 特指与泛指 泛指 (General) 1. 不定冠词 a/an + 单数可数名词：表示类别中的任意一个。 2. 零冠词 + 复数名词/不可数名词：表示整体概念。 A dog is loyal. (狗是忠诚的) Dogs are loyal. (狗这类动物是忠诚的) 特指 (Specific) 1. 定冠词 the + 名词：说话双方都知道的特定对象，或有后置定语修饰的名词。 2. the + 单数/复数名词：特指某一群或某一个。 The dog in the yard is mine. (院子里的那只狗) Pass me the salt. (把盐递给我-特指桌上的盐) 固定搭配 三餐、球类、棋类 通常不加冠词（零冠词）。 have breakfast, play football, play chess 乐器 通常加定冠词 the。 play the piano, play the violin 学科、语言 通常不加冠词。 study English, learn Chinese 独一无二名词 通常加 the，但若前有 possessive (my, his等) 或名词所有格则不加。 the sky, but: my sky 高中衔接难点 抽象名词具体化 抽象名词前有定语修饰，表示具体的人或事时，加 a/an。 It is a pleasure to meet you. (荣幸之事) He has a good knowledge of history. 序数词前冠词 1. the + 序数词：表示顺序“第几”。 2. a/an + 序数词：表示“又一，再一”。 He won the first prize. (第一名) He tried a second time. (又试了一次) 最高级前冠词 1. the + 最高级：表示“最...”。 2. a/an + 最高级：表示“非常...”，不具比较意味。 She is the most beautiful girl. (最漂亮) It is a most interesting book. (非常有趣) 同一名词重复 the + 名词 + and + the + 名词：表示两个不同的人或物。 a/an + 名词 + and + a/an + 名词：表示两个不同的人或物（侧重个体）。 零冠词 + 名词 + and + 零冠词 + 名词：表示同一人或物兼具两种身份/特征。 The teacher and the writer are coming. (两个人) The teacher and writer is coming. (一个人，既是老师又是作家) 代词 1. 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词分类对照表 人称 数 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 (男) he him his his himself 单数 (女) she her her hers herself 单数 (物/它) it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 核心用法提示： 主格：通常作主语。 宾格：通常作动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语（如 "It's me"）。 形容词性物主代词：相当于形容词，后必须接名词（如 "my book"）。 名词性物主代词：相当于名词，可独立作主语、宾语或表语（如 "The book is mine"）。 反身代词：常作宾语（动作返回自身）、表语或同位语（表示强调，如 "I myself did it"）。 2. 指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词分类及用法简述表 代词类别 具体词汇/分类 用法简述及初高中衔接重点 指示代词 this / these (近指) this (单数), these (复数)。指代距离较近的人或物，或下文将要提及的事。 that / those (远指) that (单数), those (复数)。指代距离较远的人或物，或上文刚刚提过的事。常用于比较级中替代前面提到的名词，以避免重复。 疑问代词 who / whom / whose who: 主格，作主语或表语。 whom: 宾格，作宾语（尤其介词后，如 "To whom"）。 whose: 所有格，询问归属。 what / which what: 询问事物、职业、颜色等，范围无限。 which: 在有限范围内进行选择（“哪一个”）。 不定代词 some / any some: 常用于肯定句，或表示请求/建议的疑问句。 any: 常用于否定句和疑问句。 均可修饰可数或不可数名词。 many / much / few / little many/few: 修饰可数名词复数。 much/little: 修饰不可数名词。 a few/a little: 表肯定（有一些）；few/little: 表否定（几乎没有）。 both / either / neither both: 两者都。 either: 两者中任一。 neither: 两者都不。 注意主谓一致：both接复数谓语；either/neither作主语时通常接单数谓语。 all / none all: 三者或三者以上都。 none: 三者或三者以上都不（可指人也可指物）。 another / other / others another: 泛指“另一个”（三者及以上）。 other: 形容词，后接名词。 others: 代词，泛指“其他人/物”。 the other: 特指两者中的另一个。 复合不定代词 由 some/any/no/every + body/one/thing 构成（如 someone, anything, nothing）。 重点：作主语时，谓语动词用单数；形容词修饰时需后置（如 "something new"）。 ◇Part 02 必备能力题型强化练 一、单项选择 1．It is a long-standing ______ in many countries to celebrate the Spring Festival with family gatherings. A．tradition B．traditional C．traditionally D．treatment 2．As a grown-up, it’s your __________ to take care of your family and shoulder the pressure of life. A．response B．responsible C．respond D．responsibility 3．The ______ between humans and nature is a core value in Chinese culture, so we should respect natural laws. A．harmonize B．balanced C．harmonious D．harmony 4．The earthquake that struck the region yesterday _________ 6.8 on the Richter scale (里氏震级), leading to immediate emergency _________ across several provinces. A．measured; measures B．measured; measurements C．was measured; measures D．was measured; measurements 5．Actually, I’ve just finished the travel ________. A．arrange B．arranged C．arrangements D．arranging 6．He was chosen as a/an ________ student to study abroad. A．exchange B．top C．unusual D．special 7．—Few students like exams because they bring the students________.   —I agree. I think fewer exams will make students less________. A．stress; stressed B．stressed; stress C．stress; stress D．stressed; stressed 8．The book describes his exciting ___________ sailing alone across the Atlantic Ocean. A．generation B．adventure C．system D．expert 9．The new study plan has had a positive _________ on Lisa’s math grades since she started following it last month. A．affect B．effort C．infect D．effect 10．The advanced ________ has saved the lives of many patients. A．position B．equipment C．chart D．decoration 11．— Welcome back! Did you have a good ________ in senior high? — Yes, I joined several clubs and made new friends. A．trip B．journey C．experience D．habit 12．After hearing the surprising news, she stood there ________, taking a deep ________ to calm herself down. A．in shock, breathe B．in shock, breath C．shocking, breath D．shocked, breathe 13．The ________ that noise has on people is that it ________ people’s attitudes and behavior. A．effect; effects B．effect; affects C．affect; affects D．affect; effects 14．The patient can’t get out of bed without help, ________ makes it difficult to take care of him. A．and that B．and which C．which it D．this 15．It is unwise ________ all night before the exam, for it will do harm to your health and study efficiency. A．stay up B．staying up C．to stay up D．stayed up 16．People make ______ a rule to celebrate the Spring Festival with their families. A．what B．that C．it D．this 17．______ that the compass was first invented in China. A．It is known B．All is known C．As is known D．What is known 18．______ is known that with the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______. A．It; discovered B．As; have discovered C．As; had been discovered D．It; have been discovered 19．— I can’t believe Jim got first prize in the competition.   — As you know, God helps those who help ________. A．yourself B．himself C．yourselves D．themselves 20．The robbery in the Louvre Museum and the damage __________ caused aroused international concerns. A．who B．which C．where D．it 21．— Look, Cindy has a new mobile phone — Vivo X20. How nice it is! — Yes. Her mother bought ________ for her progress. My father also bought ________ for my improvement in English. A．it, it B．it, one C．one, one D．one, it 22．The answer came when Ham was sent into space in 1961. Yes, he did everything well and lived for ________ 16 years. A．another B．other C．others D．the others 23．—What’s ________ favourite subject? —________ favourite subject is English. A．you; My B．her; Her C．her; She D．your; Your 24．I’d like to introduce ________ first. A．me B．myself C．I D．my 25．I feel ________ a great honour to ________ to your birthday party. A．it, invite B． it, be invited C．us, being invited D． us, inviting 26．________ strikes me that nobody is really in favour of the changes. A．Its B．That C．What D．It 27．— I’ve lost the pen I bought last week. — Bad luck. Then you have to buy ________ next week. A．it B．that C．one D．a one 28．—Is this ________T-shirt? —No, ________ is on the chair. A．yours; mine B．your; mine C．mine; your D．yours; my 29．Cars made in our country are much cheaper than ________ imported from foreign countries. A．that B．one C．it D．those 30．There are four apples. Please ________. A．cut up it B．cut up them C．cut it up D．cut them up 31．________ is well-known that sharing our problems with family members can ________ the pressure we feel from schoolwork. A．It; relief B．It; relieve C．That; relieve D．This; relief 32．Many students find __________ helpful to take notes while listening to English lectures, as it helps them review key points later. A．them B．this C．that D．it 33．The unexpected death of her father in the accident and the suffering________ caused affected the little girl greatly. A．that B．it C．what D．which 34．Look. The book has Li Ming’s name on the cover. It must belong to ________. A．he B．his C．him D．hers 35．Freedom is one of the most precious gifts that heaven has bestowed upon men; no treasures ________ the earth holds buried or the sea conceals can compare with ________. A．that; it B．which; / C．where; it D．that; / 36．In our school, ________students like French, but ________ of them can speak French smoothly. A．a little; a few B．a few; few C．a few; little D．a little; few 37．The loud noise from the construction site made it impossible ________. A．concentrate B．concentrating C．to concentrate D．concentrated 38．She has ________ one-year-old daughter, and she often tells ________ story to her before bed. A．a; a B．an; the C．a; the D．an; a 39．It was such ______ unusual day for him, because after years of hard work his dream of entering ______ university finally came true. A．a, a B．a, an C．an, an D．an, a 40．— Kitty, what do you think of ________ film The Battle at Lake Changjin? — Pretty good. I’ve never seen ________ better one. A．a; a B．the; / C．a; the D．the; a 41．There is________ “s” in the word advise, and it doesn’t’ make________ /s/ sound. A．a; an B．an; a C．the, a D．a; the 42．________ China plays a greater role in global affairs, ________ increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. A．With; the B．As; the C．With; an D．As; an 43．—What does Tom usually have for dinner? —He usually has ________ apple and some milk. A．an B．a C．the D．/ 44．You can go to the Summer Palace on ________foot or by ________ bus. A．a; / B．a; a C．/; / D．/; a 45．He touched the girl on ________ arm to get her attention. A．his B．the C．her D．him 46．My brother, Mike, is such ________ honest boy that he never tells lies. We all believe him. A．A B．an C．the 47．Being smart is not enough. It courage to make difference in this world and to find answers to its urgent challenges. A．costs; the B．costs; a C．takes; / D．takes; a 48．The film Nezha was quite ________ hit across China, bringing in ________ amazing income within a month. A．a; an B．/; an C．a; / D．a; the 49．With Bill in lead, the explorers entered the forest which is home to many wild animals. A．the; a B．不填; a C．a; the D．the;不填 50．Every morning he spends ________ hour doing exercise. A．an B．a C．the D．/ 51．Mary is reading ______ book. It was ______ from the school library last week. A．a 80-pages; kept B．an 80-pages: got C．an 80-page; borrowed D．a 80-page; owned 52．The Great Wall is one of ________ most fantastic wonders in the world. A．/ B．the C．a D．an 53．It is ________ honor for me to be part of this historical moment and witness such a significant achievement. A．a B．the C．an D．/ 54．At ______ sight of his classmate, Bill, who was in ______ lead in the long-distance running, Bruce tried to run faster. A．a; a B．the; a C．a; the D．the; the 55．It is ______ honour for me to deliver a lecture on how to be a smart online learner. A．a B．the C．an D．/ 56．Give others ______ hand and you will be happy. A．an B．a C．the D．one 57．She got a prize for being _____ honest girl on _____ Children’s Day. A．an; the B．an; / C．a; / D．a; the 58．Cindy’s dream is to become ________ artist. She believes it can come true. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 59．It is really ________ wonder________ the Chinese players have won so many gold medals in the Olympic Games. A．a, which B．the, that C．a, that D．the, which 60．We should make ________ most of the chance to finish our task in time when they give us ________ hand tomorrow. A．the; a B．a; 不填 C．不填; the D．a; the 二、完形填空 Liu Shaochuang, a Chinese scientist-explorer, dreamed of being the first Chinese to reach the North Pole alone on foot. After years of strict training, he set out on his 61 journey in the Arctic, determined to fulfill his ambition. The 56-day trip was extremely tough. Temperatures dropped to -30°C to -40°C, and 62 snowstorms struck frequently. He skied 1,800 kilometers, pulling sledges with supplies and scientific 63 . Unstable ice made him fear falling into deadly crevasses (冰缝)that could 64 his life. Once, his navigation equipment broke down, forcing him to 65 to base camp. On the way, his feet 66 numb from cold. He also faced constant 67 from polar bears — Arctic’s most dangerous predators. Carrying protective tools, he stayed 68 day and night. Despite exhaustion and loneliness, Liu never 69 his goal. He skied hours daily, pushing his limits. When food grew 70 , he rationed carefully. His 71 and fortitude (坚韧)won Western media’s admiration. Finally, Liu reached the North Pole and planted China’s flag. He realized his dream and set a milestone 72 China’s polar exploration. “Perseverance means 73 forward even when hopeless,” he said. Liu’s story continues to 74 young explorers. It proves that with preparation and determination, impossible dreams come true — great achievements need courage to 75 challenges and keep going. 61．A．ordinary B．historic C．casual D．routine 62．A．gentle B．occasional C．fierce D．slight 63．A．instruments B．clothes C．books D．photos 64．A．save B．risk C．improve D．protect 65．A．travel B．return C．flee D．rush 66．A．grew B．remained C．proved D．felt 67．A．threat B．joy C．excitement D．hope 68．A．relaxed B．asleep C．alert D．tired 69．A．abandoned B．changed C．forgot D．shared 70．A．abundant B．fresh C．low D．delicious 71．A．weakness B．courage C．curiosity D．kindness 72．A．for B．to C．in D．at 73．A．walking B．moving C．looking D．turning 74．A．discourage B．confuse C．inspire D．worry 75．A．avoid B．take C．refuse D．face 三、阅读理解 1 When we talk about fighting climate change, images of vast forests usually come to mind. Trees are indeed vital “carbon sinks,” absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, scientists are increasingly pointing to a less visible but far more efficient ally beneath the waves: Blue Carbon. Blue carbon refers to the carbon captured and stored by coastal and marine ecosystems, specifically mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrass meadows. While these “blue forests” cover less than 2% of the seafloor, they are responsible for absorbing nearly half of the total carbon buried in the ocean each year. Compared to terrestrial forests, which store carbon in wood and soil for decades or centuries, coastal blue carbon ecosystems can lock carbon away in deep sediments for thousands of years. This makes them a critical weapon in the fight against global warming. Beyond carbon storage, these ecosystems provide essential services. Mangrove forests act as natural barriers, protecting coastal communities from storm surges and erosion. Seagrass meadows improve water quality by trapping sediments and releasing oxygen. Yet, despite their importance, these habitats are disappearing at an alarming rate — up to three times faster than tropical rainforests. The primary drivers are coastal development, pollution, and destructive fishing practices. When these ecosystems are damaged, the massive amounts of carbon stored in their soils are released back into the atmosphere, turning a climate solution into a source of emissions. Recognizing this, a new movement called “Blue Carbon Finance” is emerging. Countries like Indonesia and Australia are creating markets where companies can invest in restoring mangroves to offset their emissions. For instance, a project in Kenya’s Mikoko Pamoja has successfully sold carbon credits to fund local schools and clinics. This model demonstrates that environmental protection and economic development can go hand in hand. Nevertheless, challenges remain. Measuring the exact amount of carbon stored in underwater sediments is technically difficult, and ensuring that local communities benefit fairly from these projects requires careful governance. The race to save our blue planet is not just about planting trees; it is about saving the roots beneath the sea. 76．What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1 and 2? A．To introduce a new concept and explain its mechanism. B．To compare the sizes of different forest ecosystems. C．To criticize the inefficiency of traditional carbon sinks. D．To describe the beauty of coastal landscapes. 77．According to the passage, what is a unique advantage of Blue Carbon ecosystems? A．They cover more than half of the Earth’s surface. B．They can store carbon for thousands of years underground. C．They grow faster than any terrestrial plants. D．They are easier to restore than tropical rainforests. 78．What does the author suggest about “Blue Carbon Finance”? A．It focuses solely on punishing polluting companies. B．It has completely solved the problem of coastal erosion. C．It links environmental restoration with community benefits. D．It discourages investment in renewable energy. 79．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Disappearance of Coastal Wetlands B．Blue Carbon: The Ocean’s Secret Weapon Against Climate Change C．How to Invest in Green Energy Projects D．The Comparison Between Trees and Seaweed 2 Global Green Actions for a Sustainable Future While global leaders gathered in Geneva last month to discuss ambitious climate targets, a new report from the Global Sustainability Index has cast a shadow over the optimism. The report reveals a widening gap between political rhetoric and the slow pace of actual implementation on the ground. Although investments in green technology are breaking records, the planet’s temperature continues to climb. According to the data, renewable energy sources like wind and solar are growing faster than ever. In Europe, solar power capacity increased by 25% last year, and electric vehicle sales have doubled. However, the report points out that this growth is dangerously uneven. Developing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia and Africa, often lack the necessary funds and technology to build large-scale green infrastructure. As a result, they continue to rely heavily on coal and oil to fuel their economic growth. “We are seeing a split world,” says Dr. Kenji Tanaka, an economist at the report. “The rich get greener, while the poor are left with the bill.” Another major challenge highlighted is “greenwashing.” Many large corporations claim to be “carbon neutral” by buying cheap carbon credits from forest conservation projects abroad, rather than reducing emissions from their own factories. Scientists criticize this practice, arguing that it creates an illusion of progress while the planet continues to heat up. “We cannot buy our way out of the climate crisis,” says Dr. Elena Rodriguez, a lead researcher. “Real change requires cutting emissions at the source.”   Despite these setbacks, the report highlights successful local initiatives that offer hope. In Kenya, a partnership between the government and local communities has successfully combined wildlife protection with solar power generation, providing both jobs and clean energy. Similarly, Costa Rica’s policy to pay landowners for preserving forests has restored biodiversity and boosted eco-tourism. These examples prove that practical, well-funded actions can work. The report concludes that international cooperation must move beyond empty promises and focus on providing real financial support to ensure a “just transition” for all nations. 80．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To introduce a new climate agreement signed in Geneva. B．To highlight the contradiction between promises and reality. C．To explain why renewable energy is growing so rapidly. D．To criticize the economic policies of developing countries. 81．What does the underlined word “greenwashing” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Making misleading claims about being environmentally friendly. B．Investing heavily in new green technologies and innovations. C．Cleaning up polluted industrial sites and rivers. D．Planting trees to absorb carbon dioxide from the air. 82．According to Dr. Elena Rodriguez, what is the fundamental solution to the climate crisis? A．Buying more international carbon credits. B．Shifting entirely to renewable energy sources. C．Cutting emissions directly at the source. D．Cooperating with large multinational corporations. 83．Why does the author mention Kenya and Costa Rica in the last paragraph? A．To illustrate the uneven distribution of global wealth. B．To provide evidence of successful local green actions. C．To compare different approaches to wildlife protection. D．To explain why solar power is more popular in Africa. 四、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Language is sometimes written as a code so that people can communicate secrets. During 84 Second World War, the German Navy （海军）used a code to send messages. The British broke the code and 85 （learn） about many German plans. The Japanese also used a code to talk to 86 （they） ships at sea. It was called the Purple Code. Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it 87 （break）. In 1942 , the Americans began to use their own code to send 88 （secret）. A few Navajo（纳瓦在人）Indians made this code 89 （base） on their language, which only some American Indians spoke. The code described a few things the American army did. Only they could understand this code, so they went with the army as it fought against the Japanese. These Navajo soldiers promised 90 （keep） this code a secret, even though this could cause their 91 （die）. The Japanese never broke the code because they knew nothing 92 the Navajo language. And the code, 93 connected two languages, helped win the war in the Pacific. ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $