专题01 定语从句（期末复习讲义）高一英语下学期沪教版

语法专题01 定语从句（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握定语从句基本概念，分清先行词与关系词。 2. 熟练运用关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose/as）和关系副词（when/where/why）。 3. 掌握 that 与 which 的选用规则、限制性与非限制性定语从句用法。 4. 掌握特殊句式、固定搭配及主谓一致等考点。 复习难点： 1. 区分关系代词与关系副词，根据句子成分判断引导词。 2. 辨析the same…as/that、such…as/that、as/which引导从句的差异。 3. 掌握只能用 that / 只能用 which 的特殊场景。 4. 理解分隔定语从句、抽象名词后用 where、the way等特殊用法。 考情规律 语法填空：侧重引导词辨析、介词 + 关系代词、固定句式考查。 句型运用：常结合非限制性定语从句、主谓一致、特殊结构设题，是高频语法考点。 定语从句基本概念 修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫作定语从句 · 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词。 · 关系词：引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 · 关系词三大功能：①引导定语从句 ②指代先行词 ③在从句中充当句子成分。 The man (who lives next to us) sells vegetable. You must do everything (that I can do). 关系词分类 关系代词：who/whom（指人）、which（指物）、that（指人 / 物）、as、whose 关系副词：when（表时间）、where（表地点）、why（表原因） 知识点2 关系代词 who/whom/that/which 用法 1. 指人：who /whom/that 先行词在从句中作主语：用 who /that，不可省略 例：A doctor is a person who /that looks after people’s health. 先行词在从句中作宾语：用 who /whom/that，可省略 例：Mr White invited many friends to his party (who /whom/that) he respected much. 关系代词前有介词：指人只能用 whom 例：Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend. 2. 指物：which /that 先行词在从句中作主语：用 which /that，不可省略 例：The river which /that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure. 先行词在从句中作宾语：用 which /that，可省略 例：The book (which /that) you just laid on the shelf is mine. 关系代词前有介词：指物只能用 which 例：Here is the money with which I will buy a piano. 总结 关系代词作主语：who/that/which 不可省略； 关系代词作宾语：who/whom/that/which 可省略； 介词后：指人用 whom，指物用 which。 3. whose（表所属关系，人 / 物通用） 含义：…… 的，可进行同义转换 whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of whom/which = of whom/which + the + 名词 The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor.（指人） I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.（指物） The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. = The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. = The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea. There are twenty students, ______ backgrounds are different. 知识点3 关系代词 as 的用法 固定搭配结构 先行词被 the same / such / as / so 修饰时，常用关系代词 as，as 不可省略。 Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday. 易混辨析 the same…as…：指代同类事物；the same…that…：指代同一事物 This is the same watch as I lost.（同款） This is the same watch that I lost.（原物） such…as…（引导定语从句，as 在从句中作成分） It is such a difficult problem as no one can work out. such…that…（引导结果状语从句，that 只起连接作用） It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out. as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句（指代整句话） as：可置于句首，译为 “正如”，常搭配 know, see, expect 等动词； As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun. which：不可置于句首，译为 “这、这件事”； Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very high. 知识点4 关系副词 when/where/why 用法 关系副词均可等价替换为 介词 + 关系代词，判断依据：看先行词在从句中所作成分。 when（表时间）= during/in/on + which There was a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema. where（表地点）= in/at + which 拓展：case、point、situation、condition、job 等抽象名词后也常用 where。 Do you remember the teahouse where we used to play chess? why（表原因）= for + which，先行词多为 reason They didn’t explain the reason why they had canceled the rehearsal. 判断技巧 先行词在从句中作主语 / 宾语 → 用关系代词； 先行词在从句中作状语 → 用关系副词。 典例 This is the city that/which I visited last year.（作宾语，用关系代词） This is the city where I lived last year.（作地点状语，用关系副词） 知识点 5 that 与 which 选用专项考点 一、只能用 that，不用 which 的 8 种情况 先行词为不定代词（nothing, all, much, little 等） There is nothing (that) I can say about it. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰 This is the best basketball match that I have ever seen. 先行词被 the only /the very 修饰 The only thing that we can do is to ask our teachers’ help. 先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰 The first English film that I saw was “Oliver Twist”. 先行词被 all, any, no, little, few, much 等修饰 I am interested in all that you have told me. 先行词同时包含人 + 物 They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited. 主句以疑问代词 who/which 开头 Which is the book that he bought yesterday? 先行词在从句中作表语 This is no longer the place that it used to be. 二、只能用 which，不用 that 的 2 种情况 引导非限制性定语从句 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth. 关系代词作介词宾语 He wrote a book in which he could learn about his life. 知识点 6 限制性定语从句 & 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 无逗号分隔，从句是先行词必不可少的修饰，去掉后主句句意不完整，可使用 that。 非限制性定语从句 用逗号与主句隔开，仅作补充说明，去掉后主句句意完整；绝对不能用 that。 常用场景 先行词为专有名词、独一无二的事物； 结构：数词 / 名词 / 比较级 + of which/whom； 从句修饰整个主句。 Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. China has hundreds of islands off its southeast coast, the largest of which is Taiwan. 知识点 7 其他高频考点与特殊用法 主谓一致 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词单复数由先行词决定。 区分：one of + 名词复数（谓语用复数）；the only one of + 名词复数（谓语用单数）。 分隔定语从句 定语从句与先行词被状语、定语、谓语等成分隔开，解题需找准真正的先行词。 There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand. 特殊先行词 the way 作先行词时，引导词可用 in which /that/ 省略。 The way (in which/that) he answered the question was surprising. 时态规则 主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来； 若主从句动作发生时间不同，两者均用将来时。 特殊引导词 but but 可引导定语从句，表双重否定，意为 “没有…… 不”。 There is not one of us but wishes to improve our English. 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio ____________ can be expensive.（2021 春考） 2.Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth, ________ it is called aurora borealis or Northern Lights.（2022 春考） 3.Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ________ are still at school.（2023 春考） 4.Students can work with professors _________ are experts in various fields.（2025 春考） 5.Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by _________ time 221 people had become seriously ill.（2021 秋考） 6.They can draw on negative experiences, _________ they may use to enhance a firm.（2022 秋考） 7.This is the book, ___________ has been translated into 30 languages.（2024 秋考） 8.We are trying to build a global community ___________ members support and learn from each other.（2025 秋考） 9.The new policy, _________ aims to reduce traffic jams, will take effect next month.（2023 徐汇一模） 10.They live in a quiet neighborhood ___________ there is little noise.（2024 黄浦一模） 11.The award honors those ________ have made great contributions to environmental protection.（2024 杨浦一模） 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor. 2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth. 3. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help. 4. The weather turned out to be very good, ____ was more than we could expect. 5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. 6. Carol said the work would be done by October, ______ personally I doubt very much. 7. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy. 8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____ was very reasonable. 9. _____ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules. 10. He lived in London for 3 months, during ____ time he learned some English. 11. I will invite _______ my daughter loves. 12. You can buy as many copies of this book ________ you wants. 13. Tom ate more food _______ was good for his health. 14. He was hiding behind the door _________ he could see what was happening. 15. She wore, _______ was very uncommon in the country, a red garment. 16. The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. 17. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. 18. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） （一） My favorite place in my hometown is an old bookstore, ______ lies at the end of the quiet street. It is a small shop ______ was built over eighty years ago by a local teacher. The owner is an elderly man ______ loves reading and always greets visitors warmly. There are thousands of books on the shelves, most of ______ are classic works and storybooks for teenagers. I often go there after school, ______ I can enjoy peaceful time alone. The books ______ I like best are those about travel and nature. The old man once told me a story ______ moved me deeply. He said the bookstore was the only place ______ kept children away from boring online games in the old days. Many students come here every day, some of ______ become regular readers. There is a wooden table near the window, ______ we usually sit to share our ideas about books. As we all know, good books are our best friends, ______ can open a whole new world for us. I will never forget this little bookstore ______ has accompanied me through my teenage years. （二） Alice is a volunteer ______ works for an animal protection group. She comes from a city ______ many stray animals live on the streets. The small shelter ______ she runs is home to over 60 homeless cats and dogs. I still remember the day ______ I first met Alice. The shelter ______ walls are painted pink looks warm and lovely. There are many volunteers around her, some of ______ are college students. Alice said, “The hardest time ______ I experienced was the cold winter two years ago.” Many animals got sick then, ______ made her worried day and night. She buys food and medicine with her own money, ______ is not easy for a common worker. The only thing ______ she cares about is the safety of these animals. She also creates online posts ______ introduce stray animals to people who want to keep pets. The people ______ adopt animals from the shelter often send thank-you letters. This is such a meaningful job ______ all the volunteers take pride in. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 语法专题01 定语从句（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握定语从句基本概念，分清先行词与关系词。 2. 熟练运用关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose/as）和关系副词（when/where/why）。 3. 掌握 that 与 which 的选用规则、限制性与非限制性定语从句用法。 4. 掌握特殊句式、固定搭配及主谓一致等考点。 复习难点： 1. 区分关系代词与关系副词，根据句子成分判断引导词。 2. 辨析the same…as/that、such…as/that、as/which引导从句的差异。 3. 掌握只能用 that / 只能用 which 的特殊场景。 4. 理解分隔定语从句、抽象名词后用 where、the way等特殊用法。 考情规律 语法填空：侧重引导词辨析、介词 + 关系代词、固定句式考查。 句型运用：常结合非限制性定语从句、主谓一致、特殊结构设题，是高频语法考点。 定语从句基本概念 修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫作定语从句 · 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词。 · 关系词：引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 · 关系词三大功能：①引导定语从句 ②指代先行词 ③在从句中充当句子成分。 The man (who lives next to us) sells vegetable. You must do everything (that I can do). 关系词分类 关系代词：who/whom（指人）、which（指物）、that（指人 / 物）、as、whose 关系副词：when（表时间）、where（表地点）、why（表原因） 知识点2 关系代词 who/whom/that/which 用法 1. 指人：who /whom/that 先行词在从句中作主语：用 who /that，不可省略 例：A doctor is a person who /that looks after people’s health. 先行词在从句中作宾语：用 who /whom/that，可省略 例：Mr White invited many friends to his party (who /whom/that) he respected much. 关系代词前有介词：指人只能用 whom 例：Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend. 2. 指物：which /that 先行词在从句中作主语：用 which /that，不可省略 例：The river which /that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure. 先行词在从句中作宾语：用 which /that，可省略 例：The book (which /that) you just laid on the shelf is mine. 关系代词前有介词：指物只能用 which 例：Here is the money with which I will buy a piano. 总结 关系代词作主语：who/that/which 不可省略； 关系代词作宾语：who/whom/that/which 可省略； 介词后：指人用 whom，指物用 which。 3. whose（表所属关系，人 / 物通用） 含义：…… 的，可进行同义转换 whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of whom/which = of whom/which + the + 名词 The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor.（指人） I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.（指物） The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. = The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. = The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea. There are twenty students, ______ backgrounds are different. 知识点3 关系代词 as 的用法 固定搭配结构 先行词被 the same / such / as / so 修饰时，常用关系代词 as，as 不可省略。 Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday. 易混辨析 the same…as…：指代同类事物；the same…that…：指代同一事物 This is the same watch as I lost.（同款） This is the same watch that I lost.（原物） such…as…（引导定语从句，as 在从句中作成分） It is such a difficult problem as no one can work out. such…that…（引导结果状语从句，that 只起连接作用） It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out. as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句（指代整句话） as：可置于句首，译为 “正如”，常搭配 know, see, expect 等动词； As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun. which：不可置于句首，译为 “这、这件事”； Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very high. 知识点4 关系副词 when/where/why 用法 关系副词均可等价替换为 介词 + 关系代词，判断依据：看先行词在从句中所作成分。 when（表时间）= during/in/on + which There was a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema. where（表地点）= in/at + which 拓展：case、point、situation、condition、job 等抽象名词后也常用 where。 Do you remember the teahouse where we used to play chess? why（表原因）= for + which，先行词多为 reason They didn’t explain the reason why they had canceled the rehearsal. 判断技巧 先行词在从句中作主语 / 宾语 → 用关系代词； 先行词在从句中作状语 → 用关系副词。 典例 This is the city that/which I visited last year.（作宾语，用关系代词） This is the city where I lived last year.（作地点状语，用关系副词） 知识点 5 that 与 which 选用专项考点 一、只能用 that，不用 which 的 8 种情况 先行词为不定代词（nothing, all, much, little 等） There is nothing (that) I can say about it. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰 This is the best basketball match that I have ever seen. 先行词被 the only /the very 修饰 The only thing that we can do is to ask our teachers’ help. 先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰 The first English film that I saw was “Oliver Twist”. 先行词被 all, any, no, little, few, much 等修饰 I am interested in all that you have told me. 先行词同时包含人 + 物 They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited. 主句以疑问代词 who/which 开头 Which is the book that he bought yesterday? 先行词在从句中作表语 This is no longer the place that it used to be. 二、只能用 which，不用 that 的 2 种情况 引导非限制性定语从句 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth. 关系代词作介词宾语 He wrote a book in which he could learn about his life. 知识点 6 限制性定语从句 & 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 无逗号分隔，从句是先行词必不可少的修饰，去掉后主句句意不完整，可使用 that。 非限制性定语从句 用逗号与主句隔开，仅作补充说明，去掉后主句句意完整；绝对不能用 that。 常用场景 先行词为专有名词、独一无二的事物； 结构：数词 / 名词 / 比较级 + of which/whom； 从句修饰整个主句。 Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. China has hundreds of islands off its southeast coast, the largest of which is Taiwan. 知识点 7 其他高频考点与特殊用法 主谓一致 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词单复数由先行词决定。 区分：one of + 名词复数（谓语用复数）；the only one of + 名词复数（谓语用单数）。 分隔定语从句 定语从句与先行词被状语、定语、谓语等成分隔开，解题需找准真正的先行词。 There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand. 特殊先行词 the way 作先行词时，引导词可用 in which /that/ 省略。 The way (in which/that) he answered the question was surprising. 时态规则 主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来； 若主从句动作发生时间不同，两者均用将来时。 特殊引导词 but but 可引导定语从句，表双重否定，意为 “没有…… 不”。 There is not one of us but wishes to improve our English. 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio ____________ can be expensive.（2021 春考） 2.Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth, ________ it is called aurora borealis or Northern Lights.（2022 春考） 3.Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ________ are still at school.（2023 春考） 4.Students can work with professors _________ are experts in various fields.（2025 春考） 5.Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by _________ time 221 people had become seriously ill.（2021 秋考） 6.They can draw on negative experiences, _________ they may use to enhance a firm.（2022 秋考） 7.This is the book, ___________ has been translated into 30 languages.（2024 秋考） 8.We are trying to build a global community ___________ members support and learn from each other.（2025 秋考） 9.The new policy, _________ aims to reduce traffic jams, will take effect next month.（2023 徐汇一模） 10.They live in a quiet neighborhood ___________ there is little noise.（2024 黄浦一模） 11.The award honors those ________ have made great contributions to environmental protection.（2024 杨浦一模） 【答案】 1. that/which 2.where 3. who/that 4. who/that 5. which 6. which 7. which 8. whose 9. which 10. where 11. who 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor. 2.She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth. 3.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help. 4.The weather turned out to be very good, ____ was more than we could expect. 5.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. 6.Carol said the work would be done by October, ______ personally I doubt very much. 7.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy. 8.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____ was very reasonable. 9._____ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules. 10.He lived in London for 3 months, during ____ time he learned some English. 11.I will invite _______ my daughter loves. 12.You can buy as many copies of this book ________ you wants. 13.Tom ate more food _______ was good for his health. 14.He was hiding behind the door _________ he could see what was happening. 15.She wore, _______ was very uncommon in the country, a red garment. 16.The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. 17.______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. 18.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days. 【答案】1. whose 2. which 3. whom 4. which 5. where 6. which 7.which 8. which 9.As 10. which 11. whoever 12.which 13.as 14.which 15. where 16. As 17.As 18. whose. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） （一） My favorite place in my hometown is an old bookstore, 1 lies at the end of the quiet street. It is a small shop 2 was built over eighty years ago by a local teacher. The owner is an elderly man 3 loves reading and always greets visitors warmly. There are thousands of books on the shelves, most of 4 are classic works and storybooks for teenagers. I often go there after school, 5 I can enjoy peaceful time alone. The books 6 I like best are those about travel and nature. The old man once told me a story 7 moved me deeply. He said the bookstore was the only place 8 kept children away from boring online games in the old days. Many students come here every day, some of 9 become regular readers. There is a wooden table near the window, 10 we usually sit to share our ideas about books. As we all know, good books are our best friends, 11 can open a whole new world for us. I will never forget this little bookstore 12 has accompanied me through my teenage years. 【答案】 1. which （非限制性定语从句，指物） 2. that/which （限制性定语从句，作主语） 3. who/that （指人，作主语） 4. which （介词 + 关系代词） 5. where （关系副词，表地点） 6. that/which （作宾语） 7. that/which （作主语） 8. that （先行词被 the only 修饰，只用 that） 9. whom （介词 + 关系代词，指人） 10. where （抽象地点含义） 11. which （非限制性定语从句，指代前文整句） 12. that/which （限制性定语从句） （二） Alice is a volunteer 1 works for an animal protection group. She comes from a city 2 many stray animals live on the streets. The small shelter 3 she runs is home to over 60 homeless cats and dogs. I still remember the day 4 I first met Alice. The shelter 5 walls are painted pink looks warm and lovely. There are many volunteers around her, some of 6 are college students. Alice said, “The hardest time 7 I experienced was the cold winter two years ago.” Many animals got sick then, 8 made her worried day and night. She buys food and medicine with her own money, 9 is not easy for a common worker. The only thing 10 she cares about is the safety of these animals. She also creates online posts 11 introduce stray animals to people who want to keep pets. The people 12 adopt animals from the shelter often send thank-you letters. This is such a meaningful job 13 all the volunteers take pride in. 【答案】1. who/that 2. where 3. that/which 4. when 5. whose 6. whom 7. that 8. which 9. which 10. that 11. that/which 12. who/that 13. as 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $