专题01 动词-ing和动词-ed形式作宾语补足语（期中复习讲义）高一英语下学期沪教版

专题01 动词-ing和动词-ed形式作宾语补足语（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 知识点02 知识点03 知识点04 知识点05 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 动词-ing/ed作宾补 1. 掌握现在分词、过去分词作宾补的语法规则与适用场景 2. 能区分两类分词作宾补的逻辑关系差异 3. 熟练掌握常考动词的宾补结构，规避易错点 基础必考点，常出现在语法填空、句子结构分析小题中，是长难句分析的核心基础，也是高频易错点 感官/使役动词的宾补结构 熟练运用感官动词、使役动词后接分词作宾补的规则 高频易错点，容易混淆主动/被动逻辑、时态对应关系 复杂语境长难句分析 强化在复杂语境中识别分词作宾补、分析句子成分的能力 综合考点，常结合完形、阅读长难句考查 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 宾语补足语（Object Complement） 宾语补足语是补充说明宾语的状态、动作、特征的成分，和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系（主动/被动）。 能作宾补的成分有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词(-ing)、过去分词(-ed)。 核心判断：宾语和宾补的逻辑关系 → 主动用-ing，被动用-ed。 知识点02 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 1. 核心逻辑 宾语是分词动作的发出者（主动关系），表示动作正在进行、主动发生。 2. 常接-ing作宾补的动词 感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, feel, find I saw him running in the park.（我看见他正在公园跑步 → him是run的发出者，主动） 使役动词 keep, leave, have, get Don't keep me waiting.（别让我一直等 → me是wait的发出者，主动） 其他动词 catch, find, smell I caught him stealing my pen.（我撞见他偷我的笔 → him是steal的发出者，主动） 3. 特殊结构：have sb. doing sth. 表示“让某人一直做某事”，强调动作的持续性、主动性。 例：The teacher had us reading the text for 20 minutes.（老师让我们读了20分钟课文） 知识点03 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 1. 核心逻辑 宾语是分词动作的承受者（被动关系），表示动作已经完成、被动发生。 2. 常接-ed作宾补的动词 感官动词 see, watch, hear, feel, find I found the window broken.（我发现窗户被打破了 → window是break的承受者，被动） 使役动词 have, get, make, leave I had my hair cut yesterday.（我昨天剪了头发 → hair是cut的承受者，被动） 心理状态动词 like, want, wish, order I want the work finished before 5.（我希望工作5点前完成 → work是finish的承受者，被动） 介词with的复合结构 with + 宾语 + -ed With the problem solved, we went home happily.（问题解决后，我们开心地回家了） 3. 特殊结构：have sth. done 表示“让某事被做（主语请别人做/主语遭受某事）”，强调被动、完成。 例：I had my phone repaired.（我修了手机 → 手机被修，我找别人修） 知识点04 核心易混点对比 1. -ing vs -ed 作宾补 核心区别 动词-ing作宾补 宾语 → 主动发出动作 正在进行、持续发生 动词-ed作宾补 宾语 → 被动承受动作 已经完成、被动结束 I heard her singing in the room.（我听见她正在房间唱歌 → 主动、进行） I heard the song sung by her.（我听见这首歌被她唱 → 被动、完成） 2. 感官动词后 不定式 vs -ing vs -ed 作宾补 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事（全过程，主动） I saw him enter the room.（我看见他进了房间） see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事（进行中，主动） I saw him entering the room.（我看见他正进房间） see sth. done 看见某事被做（被动，完成） I saw the room cleaned.（我看见房间被打扫了） 3. 使役动词have的三类宾补结构 have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事（主动，一次性动作） I had him help me.（我让他帮我） have sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事（主动，持续动作） I had him waiting for an hour.（我让他等了一小时） have sth. done 让某事被做（被动，完成） I had my car washed.（我洗了车） 知识点05 黄金判断法则（解题技巧） 1. 第一步：找宾语 → 确定分词修饰的对象 2. 第二步：判逻辑 → 宾语和分词是主动（用-ing）还是被动（用-ed） 3. 第三步：看时态 → 进行/持续用-ing，完成/结果用-ed 4. 特殊验证：with复合结构、have/get/make等使役动词，优先判断被动关系 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 （2025届上海市上海中学高三上学期期中考试）With the pace of urban life ______ rapidly, many citizens feel increasingly stressed. A. accelerating B. accelerated C. to accelerate D. being accelerated 即时检测 1. With the number of tourists ________ sharply, the local economy has grown greatly. A. increasing B. increased C. to increase D. being increased 2. With many problems ________, the newly-elected manager is having a hard time. A. remaining B. remained C. to remain D. being remained 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 误以为“物”一定用被动 像：pace（节奏）、number（数量）、price（价格）、temperature（温度） 这类词自己会上升、加快、变化，是主动，用 doing，不用 done。 2. remain / happen / take place 等词强行用被动 remain、happen、break out、occur 等不及物动词/短语无被动 看到它们直接排除 done / being done。 3. 混淆 to do 和 doing to do：表将来、要去做 doing：表主动、正在、伴随 题目没有“将要”含义，基本不选 to do。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 找逻辑主语（with 后面的名词） 2. 判断主被动 主语自己发出动作 → doing 主语承受动作 → done 3. 判断时间 正在/伴随 → doing 已经完成 → done 将要发生 → to do 4. 排除必错选项 不及物动词（remain/happen…）→ 直接删被动形式 表“上升、加快、增加”的词 → 基本都是主动 doing 典例02 （2025届复旦大学附属中学高三上学期12月月考）When the famous singer appeared, fans could feel their hearts ______ wildly. A. beating B. beaten C. to beat D. beat 即时检测 1.When she heard her name called, she felt her face ________ hot immediately. A. burning B. burned C. to burn D. burn 2.Looking out of the window, we saw a stranger ________ at the gate, wondering what to do next. A. standing B. stood C. to stand D. stand 答｜题｜模｜板 1. 判断结构 本句为：感官动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 结构。 2. 判断主被动 宾语与动词为 主动关系 → 用 do / doing 宾语与动词为 被动关系 → 用 done 3. 判断时间/状态 • 强调 正在进行、瞬间状态 → 选 doing • 强调 动作全过程、经常性 → 选 do • 强调 被动、完成 → 选 done 4. 排除错误 感官动词后作宾补，一律不加 to do，直接排除 C 类选项。 典例03 （2025届上海市七宝中学高三下学期开学摸底考）After the fierce debate, the chairman declared the meeting ______. A. closed B. closing C. to close D. being closed 即时检测 1.The teacher found the window ________ when he came into the classroom. A. broken B. breaking C. to break D. be broken 2.They all wished the project ________ as soon as possible. A. completed B. completing C. to complete D. complete 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 先找宾语 看空格前面的名词（meeting / window / project） 2. 判断宾语和动词的关系 ◦ 宾语承受动作 → 被动 → 用 done / 形容词化过去分词 ◦ 宾语主动发出动作 → 用 doing 3. 看状态 强调结果、状态、已完成 → 直接用 done 不强调“正在被……”，一般不选 being done 典例04 （2025届华东师范大学第二附属中学高三上学期10月诊断性考试）The detective entered the room and found the window ______ and some documents ______. A. broken; missing B. broken; missed C. breaking; missing D. breaking; missed 即时检测 1.When I got home, I found my wallet ________ and my keys ________. A. stolen; lost B. stolen; losing C. stealing; lost D. stealing; losing 2.The manager came in and found the computer ________ and the files ________. A. damaged; gone B. damaged; going C. damaging; gone D. damaging; going 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 物品一定优先考虑被动，用 done window / documents / wallet / computer 都用 broken / stolen / damaged 2. 表示“丢失、不见”只能用这三个词 ✅ missing / lost / gone missed / losing / going 3. 不要把 doing 用在被动事物上 find sth. doing 几乎都是错的（除非东西自己能动：clock ticking） 4. find 后不强调“正在被……” 一般不用 being done，直接用 done 表状态即可 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.When we hurried back to the office, we found all the important files on the desk ______. A. disappeared B. disappearing C. gone D. going 2.The manager was shocked to see the new equipment he had just bought ______ by some careless workers. A. damaging B. damaged C. to damage D. be damaged 3.When she woke up, she found herself ______ in a strange room, not knowing how she got there. A. lying B. lain C. laying D. laid 4.We were disappointed to see the plan that we’d worked on for months ______ without any reasonable explanation. A. rejecting B. rejected C. to reject D. reject 5.The police found the man ______ on the floor, with his hands ______ behind his back. A. lying; tied B. laying; tying C. lain; tied D. lied; tying 6.Hearing his name ______ loudly, he turned around immediately to see who was calling him. A. called B. calling C. to call D. being called 7.The teacher was annoyed to find the rules he had made ______ by some naughty students now and then. A. ignoring B. ignored C. to ignore D. ignore 8.When I passed the meeting room, I noticed many people at the back ______ to the chairman carefully. A. listening B. listened C. to listen D. listen 9.We never expected the project that everyone was proud of ______ halfway due to a lack of money. A. abandoning B. abandoned C. to abandon D. abandon 10.The boss left the whole department ______ about the new task without giving any clear instructions. A. confusing B. confused C. to confuse D. confuse 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1.（2026届·浙江省镇海中学高三下学期3月月考）With the city’s transportation system _____ completely after the snowstorm, the mayor called on citizens to work at home. A. being paralyzed B. paralyzing C. paralyzed D. to be paralyzed 2.（2025届·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三二模）The scientist entered the lab, only _____ a lot of valuable equipment _____ with. A. finding; tampered B. to find; tampered C. to find; tampering D. finding; to tamper 3.（2026届·北京市第四中学高三上学期期中）The general commanded that the supplies _____ to the front line _____ within two hours. A. sending; delivered B. sent; be delivered C. sent; deliver D. being sent; delivering 4.（2025届·上海市上海中学高三10月月考）In the vivid documentary, the audience saw a lioness _____ fiercely by a pack of hyenas, its roars _____ across the plain. A. attacked; echoing B. attacking; echoed C. attacked; echoed D. attacking; echoing 5.（2026届·江苏省南京外国语学校高三一模）The CEO insisted that the report _____ by his assistant _____ immediately, though some data remained _____. A. written; revised; unchecked B. writing; revising; unchecked C. written; revised; unchecking D. being written; to be revised; unchecked 6.（2025届·湖南省长郡中学高三质量检测）Walking along the riverbank, they kept their eyes _____ on the surface, hoping to spot the rare fish _____ only at night. A. fixed; seen B. fixing; seeing C. fixed; to be seen D. fixing; being seen 7.（2026届·重庆市巴蜀中学高三12月月考）With all the arrangements _____ for the international conference, the organizing committee finally felt a great burden _____. A. making; lifted B. made; lifting C. made; lifted D. making; lifting 8.（2025届·福建省厦门双十中学高三下学期开学考）The police found the missing elderly man _____ on a bench in the park, his wallet _____. A. seated; stolen B. seating; stealing C. seated; stealing D. seating; stolen 9.（2026届·天津市第一中学高三5月模拟）In the company’s new policy, employees are required to keep their personal information _____ and any suspicious activity _____ promptly. A. updating; reporting B. updated; reported C. updating; reported D. updated; reporting 10.（2025届·广东省深圳中学高三二模）A good leader must be able to make his voice _____ without making his team members _____. A. heard; discouraged B. hearing; discouraging C. heard; discouraging D. hearing; discouraged 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.（2024年1月浙江高考·语法填空改编）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves________ separate portions. A. containing B. contained C. to contain D. being contained 2.（2023年新高考全国I卷·语法填空）Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 3.（2023年新高考全国I卷·语法填空）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more now. 4.（2023年新高考全国I卷·语法填空）They are also perfect for when I am in a hurry, as they are ready ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without causing any burns. 5.（2013年新课标全国I卷·单项选择）They might just have a place ________ on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try? A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave 6.（2013年四川卷·单项选择）Ladies and gentlemen, please remain ________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat 7.（2013年辽宁卷·单项选择）When we visited my old family home, memory came ________ back. A. flooding B. to flood C. flood D. flooded 8.（2013年上海卷·语法填空）With the government’s aid, those ________ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected 9.（2009年四川卷·单项选择）Ladies and gentlemen, please remain ________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat 10.（2018年天津卷·单项选择）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________. A. taking B. taken C. to take D. being taken 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 动词-ing和动词-ed形式作宾语补足语（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 知识点02 知识点03 知识点04 知识点05 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 动词-ing/ed作宾补 1. 掌握现在分词、过去分词作宾补的语法规则与适用场景 2. 能区分两类分词作宾补的逻辑关系差异 3. 熟练掌握常考动词的宾补结构，规避易错点 基础必考点，常出现在语法填空、句子结构分析小题中，是长难句分析的核心基础，也是高频易错点 感官/使役动词的宾补结构 熟练运用感官动词、使役动词后接分词作宾补的规则 高频易错点，容易混淆主动/被动逻辑、时态对应关系 复杂语境长难句分析 强化在复杂语境中识别分词作宾补、分析句子成分的能力 综合考点，常结合完形、阅读长难句考查 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 宾语补足语（Object Complement） 宾语补足语是补充说明宾语的状态、动作、特征的成分，和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系（主动/被动）。 能作宾补的成分有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词(-ing)、过去分词(-ed)。 核心判断：宾语和宾补的逻辑关系 → 主动用-ing，被动用-ed。 知识点02 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 1. 核心逻辑 宾语是分词动作的发出者（主动关系），表示动作正在进行、主动发生。 2. 常接-ing作宾补的动词 感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, feel, find I saw him running in the park.（我看见他正在公园跑步 → him是run的发出者，主动） 使役动词 keep, leave, have, get Don't keep me waiting.（别让我一直等 → me是wait的发出者，主动） 其他动词 catch, find, smell I caught him stealing my pen.（我撞见他偷我的笔 → him是steal的发出者，主动） 3. 特殊结构：have sb. doing sth. 表示“让某人一直做某事”，强调动作的持续性、主动性。 例：The teacher had us reading the text for 20 minutes.（老师让我们读了20分钟课文） 知识点03 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 1. 核心逻辑 宾语是分词动作的承受者（被动关系），表示动作已经完成、被动发生。 2. 常接-ed作宾补的动词 感官动词 see, watch, hear, feel, find I found the window broken.（我发现窗户被打破了 → window是break的承受者，被动） 使役动词 have, get, make, leave I had my hair cut yesterday.（我昨天剪了头发 → hair是cut的承受者，被动） 心理状态动词 like, want, wish, order I want the work finished before 5.（我希望工作5点前完成 → work是finish的承受者，被动） 介词with的复合结构 with + 宾语 + -ed With the problem solved, we went home happily.（问题解决后，我们开心地回家了） 3. 特殊结构：have sth. done 表示“让某事被做（主语请别人做/主语遭受某事）”，强调被动、完成。 例：I had my phone repaired.（我修了手机 → 手机被修，我找别人修） 知识点04 核心易混点对比 1. -ing vs -ed 作宾补 核心区别 动词-ing作宾补 宾语 → 主动发出动作 正在进行、持续发生 动词-ed作宾补 宾语 → 被动承受动作 已经完成、被动结束 I heard her singing in the room.（我听见她正在房间唱歌 → 主动、进行） I heard the song sung by her.（我听见这首歌被她唱 → 被动、完成） 2. 感官动词后 不定式 vs -ing vs -ed 作宾补 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事（全过程，主动） I saw him enter the room.（我看见他进了房间） see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事（进行中，主动） I saw him entering the room.（我看见他正进房间） see sth. done 看见某事被做（被动，完成） I saw the room cleaned.（我看见房间被打扫了） 3. 使役动词have的三类宾补结构 have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事（主动，一次性动作） I had him help me.（我让他帮我） have sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事（主动，持续动作） I had him waiting for an hour.（我让他等了一小时） have sth. done 让某事被做（被动，完成） I had my car washed.（我洗了车） 知识点05 黄金判断法则（解题技巧） 1. 第一步：找宾语 → 确定分词修饰的对象 2. 第二步：判逻辑 → 宾语和分词是主动（用-ing）还是被动（用-ed） 3. 第三步：看时态 → 进行/持续用-ing，完成/结果用-ed 4. 特殊验证：with复合结构、have/get/make等使役动词，优先判断被动关系 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 （2025届上海市上海中学高三上学期期中考试）With the pace of urban life ______ rapidly, many citizens feel increasingly stressed. A. accelerating B. accelerated C. to accelerate D. being accelerated 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查 with + 名词 + 宾补 结构。pace（节奏）与 accelerate（加快）之间是主动关系，表示“节奏本身在加快”，因此用现在分词 accelerating。若选 accelerated 则表示被动，与逻辑不符；to accelerate 表示将来，此处不强调未发生；being accelerated 强调被动进行，但此处 pace 是主动加速，故选A。 即时检测 1. With the number of tourists ________ sharply, the local economy has grown greatly. A. increasing B. increased C. to increase D. being increased 【答案】A 【解析】结构：with + 宾语 + 宾补；逻辑：number（数量）和 increase（增长）是主动关系；形式：用现在分词 increasing 表主动、伴随；排除：B表被动完成，C表将来，D表“正在被增长”，均不符合逻辑。2. With many problems ________, the newly-elected manager is having a hard time. A. remaining B. remained C. to remain D. being remained 【答案】A 【解析】结构：with + 宾语 + 宾补；逻辑：problems 与 remain（仍然存在）是主动关系，remain 本身不用被动；形式：用现在分词 remaining 作宾补；排除：B、D都是被动形式，remain 无被动；C表将来，不符合语境。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 误以为“物”一定用被动 像：pace（节奏）、number（数量）、price（价格）、temperature（温度） 这类词自己会上升、加快、变化，是主动，用 doing，不用 done。 2. remain / happen / take place 等词强行用被动 remain、happen、break out、occur 等不及物动词/短语无被动 看到它们直接排除 done / being done。 3. 混淆 to do 和 doing to do：表将来、要去做 doing：表主动、正在、伴随 题目没有“将要”含义，基本不选 to do。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 找逻辑主语（with 后面的名词） 2. 判断主被动 主语自己发出动作 → doing 主语承受动作 → done 3. 判断时间 正在/伴随 → doing 已经完成 → done 将要发生 → to do 4. 排除必错选项 不及物动词（remain/happen…）→ 直接删被动形式 表“上升、加快、增加”的词 → 基本都是主动 doing 典例02 （2025届复旦大学附属中学高三上学期12月月考）When the famous singer appeared, fans could feel their hearts ______ wildly. A. beating B. beaten C. to beat D. beat 【答案】A 【解析】feel + 宾语 + 宾补。hearts（心脏）与 beat（跳动）之间是主动关系，且表示正在进行的状态（心跳正剧烈），因此用现在分词 beating。beaten 表示被动（被击打），不符合语境；beat 作宾补时，感官动词后接不带to的不定式表示动作全过程，但此处强调“感受到正在跳动”，用 beating 更符合语意。 即时检测 1.When she heard her name called, she felt her face ________ hot immediately. A. burning B. burned C. to burn D. burn 【答案】A 【解析】结构：feel + 宾语(face) + 宾补；逻辑：face 与 burn 是主动、正在发烫，表进行用 burning；B 表 被动“被烫”，不符合；C 感官动词后不加 to do；D 表全过程，不强调瞬间状态。 2.Looking out of the window, we saw a stranger ________ at the gate, wondering what to do next. A. standing B. stood C. to stand D. stand 【答案】A 【解析】结构：see + sb. + 宾补；语境强调看见某人正站在门口，表正在进行的动作，用 standing；D 是看 见全过程；B 表被动；C 语法错误。 答｜题｜模｜板 1. 判断结构 本句为：感官动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 结构。 2. 判断主被动 宾语与动词为 主动关系 → 用 do / doing 宾语与动词为 被动关系 → 用 done 3. 判断时间/状态 • 强调 正在进行、瞬间状态 → 选 doing • 强调 动作全过程、经常性 → 选 do • 强调 被动、完成 → 选 done 4. 排除错误 感官动词后作宾补，一律不加 to do，直接排除 C 类选项。 典例03 （2025届上海市七宝中学高三下学期开学摸底考）After the fierce debate, the chairman declared the meeting ______. A. closed B. closing C. to close D. being closed 【答案】A 【解析】declare + 宾语 + 宾补，表示“宣布……被……”。the meeting 与 close（结束）之间是被动关系 （会议被宣布结束），且强调状态的完成，因此用过去分词 closed。若选 closing 表示主动进行（会议正 在结束），与 declared 搭配后不符合“宣布结果”的语境；to close 表示将来，不合逻辑。 即时检测 1.The teacher found the window ________ when he came into the classroom. A. broken B. breaking C. to break D. be broken 【答案】A 【解析】find + 宾语 + 宾补。window 与 break 是被动关系，表示“被打碎”，用过去分词 broken。 2.They all wished the project ________ as soon as possible. A. completed B. completing C. to complete D. complete 【答案】A 【解析】wish + 宾语 + 宾补。project 与 complete 是被动关系，表示“被完成”，用过去分词 completed。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 先找宾语 看空格前面的名词（meeting / window / project） 2. 判断宾语和动词的关系 ◦ 宾语承受动作 → 被动 → 用 done / 形容词化过去分词 ◦ 宾语主动发出动作 → 用 doing 3. 看状态 强调结果、状态、已完成 → 直接用 done 不强调“正在被……”，一般不选 being done 典例04 （2025届华东师范大学第二附属中学高三上学期10月诊断性考试）The detective entered the room and found the window ______ and some documents ______. A. broken; missing B. broken; missed C. breaking; missing D. breaking; missed 【答案】A 【解析】第一空：found the window _____，窗子是“被打破的”，表被动状态，用过去分词 broken。第二 空：some documents missing 意为“一些文件不见了”，missing 在这里是形容词/现在分词，主动形式表状 态，是固定用法，与宾语 documents 之间无被动关系。missed 表示“被错过/被想念”，不符合语境。 即时检测 1.When I got home, I found my wallet ________ and my keys ________. A. stolen; lost B. stolen; losing C. stealing; lost D. stealing; losing 【答案】A 【解析】wallet 与 steal 是被动关系 → stolen；keys 表状态“丢失的” → lost（不用 losing）；结构：find + 宾语 + 宾补，均表被动/状态 2.The manager came in and found the computer ________ and the files ________. A. damaged; gone B. damaged; going C. damaging; gone D. damaging; going 【答案】A 【解析】computer 与 damage 被动 → damaged；files 表状态“不见了、消失了” → gone（不用 going）； 均作宾补表示结果状态。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 物品一定优先考虑被动，用 done window / documents / wallet / computer 都用 broken / stolen / damaged 2. 表示“丢失、不见”只能用这三个词 ✅ missing / lost / gone missed / losing / going 3. 不要把 doing 用在被动事物上 find sth. doing 几乎都是错的（除非东西自己能动：clock ticking） 4. find 后不强调“正在被……” 一般不用 being done，直接用 done 表状态即可 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.When we hurried back to the office, we found all the important files on the desk ______. A. disappeared B. disappearing C. gone D. going 2.The manager was shocked to see the new equipment he had just bought ______ by some careless workers. A. damaging B. damaged C. to damage D. be damaged 3.When she woke up, she found herself ______ in a strange room, not knowing how she got there. A. lying B. lain C. laying D. laid 4.We were disappointed to see the plan that we’d worked on for months ______ without any reasonable explanation. A. rejecting B. rejected C. to reject D. reject 5.The police found the man ______ on the floor, with his hands ______ behind his back. A. lying; tied B. laying; tying C. lain; tied D. lied; tying 6.Hearing his name ______ loudly, he turned around immediately to see who was calling him. A. called B. calling C. to call D. being called 7.The teacher was annoyed to find the rules he had made ______ by some naughty students now and then. A. ignoring B. ignored C. to ignore D. ignore 8.When I passed the meeting room, I noticed many people at the back ______ to the chairman carefully. A. listening B. listened C. to listen D. listen 9.We never expected the project that everyone was proud of ______ halfway due to a lack of money. A. abandoning B. abandoned C. to abandon D. abandon 10.The boss left the whole department ______ about the new task without giving any clear instructions. A. confusing B. confused C. to confuse D. confuse 【答案】 1.答案：C 解析：结构：find + 宾语 + 宾补。 files“不见了”表示状态，用 gone。disappear 是不及物动词，不能用被动/过去分词作宾补，排除A。B、D表示“正在消失”，不合语境。 2.答案：B 解析：see + 宾语(equipment) + 宾补。 equipment 与 damage 是被动关系：设备被损坏 → damaged。A表主动，C、D结构错误。 3.答案：A 解析：find oneself doing 发现自己正处于某种状态。 lie（躺）现在分词是 lying。lain 是过去分词，表完成被动；lay/laid 是“放置”，语义不符。 4.答案：B 解析：see + 宾语(plan) + 宾补。 计划“被拒绝” → 被动 → rejected。A主动，C、D结构错误。 5.答案：A 解析：第一空：man 与 lie（躺）主动进行 → lying 第二空：hands 与 tie（绑）被动 → tied典型双宾补难题。 6.答案：A 解析：hear + 宾语(name) + 宾补。 名字“被叫” → 被动 → called。D强调“正在被喊”，此处只表事实，不必用进行体。 7.答案：B 解析：find + 宾语(rules) + 宾补。 规则“被无视” → 被动 → ignored。A主动，C、D结构错误。 8.答案：A 解析：notice + sb. + 宾补。 people 主动“正在听” → listening。B被动错；C、D不表进行状态。 9.答案：B 解析：expect + 宾语(project) + 宾补。 project 与 abandon 被动 → abandoned。A主动错；C、D结构不对。 10.答案：B 解析：leave + 宾语(department) + 宾补。 人“感到困惑”用 confused；confusing 是“令人困惑的”，修饰事物。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1.（2026届·浙江省镇海中学高三下学期3月月考）With the city’s transportation system _____ completely after the snowstorm, the mayor called on citizens to work at home. A. being paralyzed B. paralyzing C. paralyzed D. to be paralyzed 答案：C 解析：本题为 with 复合结构作状语。the city’s transportation system（城市交通系统）与 paralyze（瘫痪）之间是被动关系，且强调雪灾后已经完成的被动状态，故用过去分词 paralyzed 表示“陷入瘫痪”。 2.（2025届·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三二模）The scientist entered the lab, only _____ a lot of valuable equipment _____ with. A. finding; tampered B. to find; tampered C. to find; tampering D. finding; to tamper 答案：B 解析：第一空 only to find 表示意想不到的结果，为不定式作结果状语。第二空为 find + 宾语 + 宾补：equipment 与 tamper with（擅自改动）是被动关系，故用过去分词 tampered 作宾语补足语。 3.（2026届·北京市第四中学高三上学期期中）The general commanded that the supplies _____ to the front line _____ within two hours. A. sending; delivered B. sent; be delivered C. sent; deliver D. being sent; delivering 答案：B 解析：本题结构复杂：第一空 supplies _____ to the front line 是过去分词短语作后置定语，supplies与send被动且已完成，用sent。第二空 command that … (should) be delivered 是宾语从句的虚拟语气，谓语动词用 (should) + 动词原形，且 supplies 与 deliver 被动，故用 (should) be delivered。 4.（2025届·上海市上海中学高三10月月考）In the vivid documentary, the audience saw a lioness _____ fiercely by a pack of hyenas, its roars _____ across the plain. A. attacked; echoing B. attacking; echoed C. attacked; echoed D. attacking; echoing 答案：A 解析：第一空 saw a lioness _____ fiercely，lioness与attack是被动关系（被攻击），用过去分词attacked作宾补。第二空为独立主格结构 its roars _____ across the plain，roars与echo（回响）是主动关系，用现在分词echoing。 5.（2026届·江苏省南京外国语学校高三一模）The CEO insisted that the report _____ by his assistant _____ immediately, though some data remained _____. A. written; revised; unchecked B. writing; revising; unchecked C. written; revised; unchecking D. being written; to be revised; unchecked 答案：A 解析：句子主干 insisted that + 虚拟语气，但此处第一空 the report _____ by his assistant 为过去分词短语作定语，report与write被动且已完成，用written。第二空 (should) be revised 省略了 should，但直接填 revised 在选项中被整合。第三空 remain 为系动词，后接形容词 unchecked（未核对）表示状态。 6.（2025届·湖南省长郡中学高三质量检测）Walking along the riverbank, they kept their eyes _____ on the surface, hoping to spot the rare fish _____ only at night. A. fixed; seen B. fixing; seeing C. fixed; to be seen D. fixing; being seen 答案：A 解析：第一空 kept their eyes _____ on the surface 是 keep sth. done 结构，eyes与fix被动（眼睛被固定），用fixed。第二空 the rare fish _____ only at night 为过去分词短语作后置定语，fish与see被动，用seen表示“仅在夜间被看到的鱼”。 7.（2026届·重庆市巴蜀中学高三12月月考）With all the arrangements _____ for the international conference, the organizing committee finally felt a great burden _____. A. making; lifted B. made; lifting C. made; lifted D. making; lifting 答案：C 解析：第一空 with all the arrangements _____，arrangements 与 make 被动（安排被做好），用过去分词 made 表示已完成。第二空 felt a great burden _____，burden 与 lift（解除）是被动关系，且为完成状态，用 lifted 作宾补。 8.（2025届·福建省厦门双十中学高三下学期开学考）The police found the missing elderly man _____ on a bench in the park, his wallet _____. A. seated; stolen B. seating; stealing C. seated; stealing D. seating; stolen 答案：A 解析：第一空 found the man _____ on a bench，seat 表“就坐”时用 seated（过去分词形容词化）表示状态。第二空为独立主格 his wallet _____，wallet 与 steal 被动，用过去分词 stolen。 9.（2026届·天津市第一中学高三5月模拟）In the company’s new policy, employees are required to keep their personal information _____ and any suspicious activity _____ promptly. A. updating; reporting B. updated; reported C. updating; reported D. updated; reporting 答案：B 解析：第一空 keep their personal information _____，信息与“更新”为被动，用 updated。第二空 keep any suspicious activity _____，活动与“报告”为被动，用 reported。 10.（2025届·广东省深圳中学高三二模）A good leader must be able to make his voice _____ without making his team members _____. A. heard; discouraged B. hearing; discouraging C. heard; discouraging D. hearing; discouraged 答案：A 解析：第一空 make his voice _____，固定搭配 make oneself heard 意为“使自己的话被听到”，用 heard。第二空 make his team members _____，members 与 discourage（气馁）为被动关系，用 discouraged。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.（2024年1月浙江高考·语法填空改编）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves________ separate portions. A. containing B. contained C. to contain D. being contained 答案：A 解析：本题考查with复合结构中非谓语动词作宾补。结构分析：with two halves ________ separate portions为with复合结构，作后置定语修饰packs。two halves与contain（包含）为主动关系，且表示客观事实，故用现在分词containing。若选contained则表示被动，逻辑错误。句意： 在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉，包装设计成两半，各自包含独立的分量。 2.（2023年新高考全国I卷·语法填空）Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 答案： tasty 解析：本题虽为词形转换题，但所在句子是典型的长难句，包含复杂的非谓语结构。句子主干：Xiao long bao ... are ... my favorite Chinese street food。those amazing constructions ... fresh meat为同位语，其中encasing hot ... meat是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰constructions。encasing与逻辑主语constructions为主动关系，表示“包裹着”。句意： 小笼包——那些精致的薄皮包裹着热汤和鲜肉的奇妙构造——是我最爱的中国街头美食。 3.（2023年新高考全国I卷·语法填空）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more now. 答案： rarely 解析：句末wanting more为现在分词作主语补足语，补充说明主语I的状态。结构分析：I am left wanting more中，left为使役动词，意为“使处于……状态”，wanting与主语I为主动关系，故用现在分词。此结构相当于I am made to be in a state of wanting more。句意： 无论我在哪里买，一笼总是不够，但两笼又显得贪心，所以我总是意犹未尽。 4.（2023年新高考全国I卷·语法填空）They are also perfect for when I am in a hurry, as they are ready ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without causing any burns. 答案： to be lifted 解析：本题考查不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式。结构：they are ready to be lifted中，ready后接不定式，主语they（小笼包）与lift为被动关系，故用to be lifted。若用to lift则表示主动，逻辑错误。句意： 它们也很适合我赶时间的时候吃，因为它们可以直接从蒸笼里取出而不会烫伤。 5.（2013年新课标全国I卷·单项选择）They might just have a place ________ on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try? A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave 答案：B 解析：本题考查过去分词作宾语补足语。结构：have a place left中，have为使役动词，a place与leave（留下、剩余）为被动关系，意为“有一个名额被留下”。left在此相当于remaining，但leave作“剩余”解时常用过去分词形式。句意： 写作课上可能还有一个名额——你为什么不试一试呢？ 6.（2013年四川卷·单项选择）Ladies and gentlemen, please remain ________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat 答案：A 解析：本题考查过去分词作表语/主语补足语。remain为系动词，后接形容词或分词作表语。seated为过去分词形容词化，表示“就坐的状态”。seat作动词时常用be seated表示“就坐”，此处remain seated意为“保持坐着”。句意： 女士们，先生们，请在飞机完全停稳之前保持就坐。 7.（2013年辽宁卷·单项选择）When we visited my old family home, memory came ________ back. A. flooding B. to flood C. flood D. flooded 答案：A 解析：本题考查现在分词作伴随状语/主语补足语。结构：came flooding back中，came为谓语动词，flooding为现在分词，表示与谓语动作同时发生的方式或伴随状态。memory came flooding back意为“记忆如潮水般涌回”，flooding生动描绘了记忆涌现的方式。句意： 当我们回到老宅时，记忆如潮水般涌回。 8.（2013年上海卷·语法填空）With the government’s aid, those ________ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected 答案：C 解析：本题考查过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句those who were affected。those与affect为被动关系（被地震影响的人），故用过去分词affected。本题虽为定语用法，但长难句中常将此类分词短语与宾补结构结合考查。句意： 在政府的援助下，那些受地震影响的人们已经搬进了新的定居点。 9.（2009年四川卷·单项选择）Ladies and gentlemen, please remain ________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat 答案：A 解析：remain seated是固定搭配，意为“保持坐着”，seated为过去分词形容词化。句意： 女士们，先生们，请在飞机完全停稳之前保持就坐。 10.（2018年天津卷·单项选择）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________. A. taking B. taken C. to take D. being taken 答案：B 解析：本题考查使役动词have的have sth. done结构，过去分词作宾语补足语。my photograph与take为被动关系（照片被拍摄），故用taken。此结构表示“让别人做某事”或“遭遇某事”。 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $