专题03 语法（专项训练）小升初英语暑假专项提升（牛津上海版试用本）

**基本信息** 本专项聚焦小学英语核心语法，通过“规则提炼+易错点解析+分层训练”构建系统体系，助力语言能力与学习能力提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |物主代词|1表格+2例句|“有名则形，无名则名”口诀|从分类（形容词性/名词性）到句法功能（定语/主宾表语）| |情态动词|4用法+对比|否定加not、疑问提句首|按功能（能力/请求/建议）区分shall/can用法| |一般现在时|5用法+3易错点|三单变化规则（4类）、be动词口诀|从定义到用法（经常性/状态/真理），聚焦单三与be动词易错点| |一般过去时|4句型+2例句|“主语+过去式”结构，否定/疑问用did|结合时间标志词，对比与一般现在时差异| |小试牛刀|8题型60题|覆盖词形转换、单选等|从基础词法到句法综合，检验规则迁移能力|

专题03 语法 · 内容导航 · 01：答题技巧 02：小试牛刀 答题技巧 一、物主代词 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，与人称代词一样，也有人称和数的变化。分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 数 类别 人 称 单 数 复 数 形容词性 名词性 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 my mine our ours 第二人称 your yours your yours 第三人称 his his their theirs her hers its its · 形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，在句子中作定语，后面跟名词。 This is my mother. 这是我的妈妈。（my用在名词mother前，作定语） · 名词性物主代词具有名词性质，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中作主语、宾语或者表语。 These apples are yours. Ours are in the basket. We can eat theirs. 这些苹果是你们的。我们的在篮子里。我们可以先吃他们的苹果。 （yours=your apples ours=our apples theirs=their apples，yours在句子中作表语，ours在句子 中作主语，theirs在句子中作宾语。） 口诀 有名则形，无名则名。 （后面有名词，就用形容词性物主代词；后面没名词，就用名词性物主代词。） 二、情态动词shall和can 情态动词，本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，一般与实义动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的态度，没有人称和数的变化。 1)肯定句变否定句，直接在情态动词后面加not。 2)肯定句变一般疑问句，直接将情态动词移到句首。 can: 1)表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 I can speak English, Chinese and French. 我能说英语、中文和法语三种语言。 2)表示请求、允许。 Can you give me some flowers? 您能给我一些花吗？ 3)表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。 The hall can hold 500 people at least. 这个接待厅最少能容纳500人。 4)表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句。 Can this be true? 这是真的吗？ shall: 1)主语是第一人称时，表建议或者是征求对方的意见。 Shall we go now? 我们现在走吗？ 2)陈述句中，主语是第二人称和第三人称时，表命令、警告、允诺等。 The students shall wear uniforms at school. 学生应该在学校穿校服。 He shall watch TV when he finished his homework. 他完成作业就可以看电视。 三、一般现在时 ①定义：一般现在时通常表示经常发生的动作或存在。 ②用法 · 表示经常性或习惯性的动作： My mother always gets up early. 我的妈妈总是很早起床。 · 表示目前的情况或状态： It's sunny and windy today. 今天晴朗多风。 · 表示主语的性格、特征和其所具备的能力等： My new Chinese teacher is strict. 我的新语文老师很严厉。 · 表示客观事实或普遍真理： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 · 用在格言、谚语中： Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 ③分类 · be 动词的一般现在时 · 含有实义动词的一般现在时 易错点提示 易错点1：主语为he/she/it/ 单数名词 / 不可数名词时，实义动词要变三单（加 s/es）。 ❌ He play football every day. ✅ He plays football every day. 动词第三人称单数的变化规则 首先，我们先学习什么是第三人称单数？ 第三人称单数就是指 “不是‘我’（I）、不是‘你’（you）、不是复数（they）的人、动物或事物”。 类别 示例 他（he） my father, Tom, the boy 她（she） my mother, Amy, the girl 它（it） a dog, the book, milk, Beijing 可视作单数的人名、地名、称呼等 Mike, China, Miss White 动词第三人称单数的变化有哪些规则呢？ ①一般在动词的词尾加s like→likes look→looks ②以ch、sh、s、x及辅音字母加o结尾，词尾加es teach→teaches wash→washes guess→guesses mix→mixes do→does ③以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i，再加es study→studies fly→flies cry→cries ④不规则变化特殊记 have→has be→is,are 易错点2：I 用 am，you 用 are，he/she/it/ 单数名词用 is，we/they/ 复数名词用 are。 ❌ She are a student. ✅She is a student. 四、一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday、last night、the day before yesterday 等连用。句型结构为：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. 例句：My father got home at 9 o'clock last night. 我爸爸昨晚九点到的家。 He was very busy last weekend. 上周末他很忙。 一般过去时的四种句型结构： 1. 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。 例句：I played the piano yesterday. 我昨天弹钢琴了。 2. 否定句：主语 + did + not + 动词原形 + 其他。 例句：I didn't play football yesterday. 我昨天没有踢足球。 3. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例句：Did you go to school yesterday? 你昨天去上学了吗？ 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例句：What did you do last weekend? 你上周末干什么了？ 小试牛刀 1、 按要求写单词。 1．dwarf(复数) _________ 2．wolf(复数) _________ 3．child(复数) _________ 4．woman(复数) _________ 5．exit(反义词) _________ 6．smooth(反义词) _________ 7．quiet(反义词) _________ 8．same(反义词) _________ 9．wash(三单) _________ 10．kiss(三单) _________ 11．lay(三单) _________ 12．buy(三单) _________ 13．grow(过去式) _________14．fly(过去式) _________ 15．become(过去式) _________ 16．sit(过去式) _________ 2、 单项选择。 ( ) 17．The children have ________ lunch break at noon. A．/ B．a C．an ( ) 18．We ________ to the beach. The weather ________ too bad. A．didn’t go, is B．didn’t go, was C．doesn’t go, was ( ) 19．—Shall we ________ to the cinema this evening? —That’s great! A．go B．to go C．going ( ) 20．—Are these your notebooks? —No, they’re ________. A．mine B．her C．theirs ( ) 21．—What ________ you ________ for breakfast yesterday? —Some bread. A．do, have B．did, had C．did, have ( ) 22．Look at the clock. It’s time ________ PE class. A．to B．for C．with ( ) 23．The film is ________ three o’clock. A．on B．on at C．of at ( ) 24．—Shall we get ________ green tea, Mum? —________ A．some; OK. B．any; No, you can’t. C．many; Sure. ( ) 25．—This cap is Danny’s. That one is John’s. —Please put ________ caps on the table. A．both B．all C．all the ( ) 26．—________ on the table? —There are some cakes. A．What B．What’s C．What are 3、 选词填空。 in    on   at   of   about 27．What can you hear home or the street? 28．It’s too noisy here. I want to live Mars. 29．The king wants to hear the loudest noise the world. So people must shout together twelve o’clock his birthday. 30．People hear the idea. They open mouths and listen. They hear the songs the birds and the river. 31． the Noise Kingdom, people like noises. 4、 选择be动词的合适形式填空。 am    is    are    was    were 32．Once my sister short. But now she tall. 33．Kitty’s storybook on her desk. Now it (be not) there. 34．—Where are the students? —They in the music room just now. But they in the playground now. 35．It eight o’clock. The students having lessons.. 36．I at a restaurant just now. But now I at home. 37．—Where you last night?   —I in the supermarket. 38．There some juice in the bottle. Now there nothing in the bottle. 5、 Choose the best answer(用When, Where, What, Whose, How填空) 39．— did you have for breakfast?   —Some cabbages. 40．— did you have breakfast?    —In the restaurant. 41．— kitchen is this？It’s too dirty.   —It’s mine. 42．— were you last night?   —I was unhappy. 43．— did you have breakfast yesterday?   —At seven. 6、 Choose the best answer. (yours, mine, hers, his, theirs, its填空，每词限用一次) 44．—Mum, I can’t find my jacket. Did you see it?  —Is this jacket ? 45．I have a nice pencil-sharpener. It’s . 46．Alice has a pet dog. The pet dog is . 47．There are many skirts over there. They’re the girls’. They’re . 48．—Is this big football Ben’s?  —No, it’s not his. ball is small. 49．The mouse has a tail. And tail is very long. 7、 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 50．In Spain, people throw at each other in August. (tomato) 51．What Tom (do) in the Art class just now? 52．—Is this (she) hat? —No, it isn’t. (she) is blue. 53．The Noise Kingdom becomes (quiet). People do everything (quiet). 54．Look! Kitty (sit) on the sofa. She wants (watch) TV. 55．I like (see) films. Shall we (go) to see a film this evening? 56．Kitty, (do not) play your drum (loud). It’s late at night. 57．Danny is good at (drive) Karts. So he wants (be) a racing driver in the future. 58．It’s (rain) today. Farmers like the (rain). 59．There are many in the art room. The students can very well. (paint) 60．I see classrooms on the floor. They’re big and bright. (two) 8、 句型转换。 61．Mike did some homework at six. (用now改写句子) Mike ________ ________ some homework now. 62．My brother had chicken noodles for breakfast. (划线提问) What ________ your brother ________ for breakfast? 63．Watching too much TV is unhealthy for you. (改为否定句，意思不变) Watching too much TV ________ ________ for you. 64．I like Chinese best. (换种表达，意思不变) ________ ________  subject is Chinese. 65．These are their school bags. (对划线部分提问) ________ school bags ________ these? 参考答案 第 1 页 共 8 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．dwarves 2． wolves 3．children 4．women 5．entrance 6．rough 7．active 8．different 9．washes 10．kisses 11．lays 12．buys 13．grew 14．flew 15．became 16．sat 17．B 18．B 19．A 20．C 21．C 22．B 23．B 24．A 25．A 26．B 27．at in 28．on 29．in at on 30．about of 31．In 32．was is 33．was isn’t 34．were are 35．is are 36．was am 37．were was 38．was is 39．What 40．Where 41．Whose 42．How 43．When 44．yours 45．mine 46．hers 47．theirs 48．His 49．its 50．tomatoes 51．did do 52．her Hers 53．quiet quietly 54．is sitting to watch 55．seeing/to see go 56．don’t loudly 57．driving to be 58．rainy rain 59．paintings paint 60．two second 61．is doing 62．did have 63．isn’t healthy 64．My favourite 65．Whose are $