Unit5 词汇备课 2026-2027学年译林版九年级英语上册

该初中英语译林版九上Unit 5词汇复习讲义通过表格系统梳理42个核心词汇，涵盖近义词、词性转换、常见搭配、例句及练习题，按“词汇要素-语境应用”逻辑构建知识脉络，突出固定搭配和词性转换等重难点，助力学生夯实语言基础，提升语言理解与表达能力。 讲义亮点在于练习题的分层设计，如“strength”题通过“strengthen（动词）”“strong（形容词）”考查词性转换，“familiar with”题强化固定搭配应用，培养学生分析语境和推断词性的思维品质。每个词汇配解析点拨，基础学生可掌握用法，优秀学生能深化拓展，为教师实施精准教学和学生自主复习提供有力支持。

译林版九上unit 5词汇备课 1. keyboard (n.) 键盘 近义词: keypad 词性转换: keyboardist (n. 键盘手) 常见搭配: computer keyboard (电脑键盘), piano keyboard (钢琴键盘), keyboard player (键盘手) 例句: She is practicing on the electronic keyboard. (她正在练习电子琴。) 练习题: 1. Please type your name on the ________ (keyboard). (答案: keyboard | 解析: on the keyboard固定搭配) 2. The ________ (keyboard) of the piano is made of ivory and ebony. (答案: keyboard | 解析: The后需名词) 2. bow (n.) 琴弓，弓 近义词: fiddle bow (琴弓), archery bow (弓箭) 词性转换: bow (v. 鞠躬) 常见搭配: violin bow (小提琴弓), bow and arrow (弓和箭) 例句: The violinist uses a bow to play the instrument. (小提琴家用琴弓演奏乐器。) 练习题: 1. The actor ________ (bow) to the audience after the performance. (答案: bowed | 解析: 句中缺谓语动词，表示"鞠躬") 2. He picked up his ________ (bow) and started to play. (答案: bow | 解析: 名词本身) 3. string (n.) 弦，细绳 近义词: cord, thread 词性转换: string (v. 串起), stringy (adj. 多筋的) 常见搭配: guitar string (吉他弦), a piece of string (一根绳子) 例句: The guitar has six strings. (吉他有六根弦。) 练习题: 1. She ________ (string) the beads onto a thread. (答案: strung | 解析: 过去式，表示"串起") 2. The ________ (string) on my violin broke. (答案: string | 解析: The后需名词) 4. guitar (n.) 吉他 词性转换: guitarist (n. 吉他手) 常见搭配: play the guitar (弹吉他), acoustic guitar (木吉他), electric guitar (电吉他) 例句: He is learning to play the guitar. (他正在学弹吉他。) 练习题: 1. She is a talented ________ (guitar). (答案: guitarist | 解析: a后需可数名词单数) 2. He bought a new ________ (guitar) yesterday. (答案: guitar | 解析: a后需可数名词单数) 5. pear-shaped (adj.) 梨形的 词性转换: pear (n. 梨), shape (n. 形状) 常见搭配: pear-shaped body (梨形身材) 例句: The vase is pear-shaped. (这个花瓶是梨形的。) 练习题: 1. She has a ________ (pear) figure. (答案: pear-shaped | 解析: 复合形容词) 2. The ________ (pear) is a sweet fruit. (答案: pear | 解析: The后需名词) 6. strength (n.) 强度，力度，力量 近义词: power, force, might 反义词: weakness 词性转换: strong (adj. 强壮的), strengthen (v. 加强) 常见搭配: physical strength (体力), inner strength (内在力量), strengths and weaknesses (优点和缺点) 例句: He doesn't have enough strength to lift the box. (他没有足够的力气抬起这个箱子。) 练习题: 1. Regular exercise will ________ (strength) your muscles. (答案: strengthen | 解析: will后接动词原形) 2. She is a ________ (strength) and determined woman. (答案: strong | 解析: 修饰名词woman需形容词) 7. musical (adj.) 音乐的 近义词: melodic, harmonic 词性转换: music (n. 音乐), musician (n. 音乐家) 常见搭配: musical instrument (乐器), musical talent (音乐天赋) 例句: She comes from a musical family. (她出身于音乐世家。) 练习题: 1. I listen to ________ (musical) every day. (答案: music | 解析: listen to后接名词) 2. He is a talented ________ (musical). (答案: musician | 解析: a后需可数名词单数) 8. instrument (n.) 乐器，仪器 近义词: device, tool, apparatus 常见搭配: musical instrument (乐器), scientific instrument (科学仪器) 例句: The violin is a beautiful instrument. (小提琴是一种优美的乐器。) 练习题: 1. The doctor used a sharp ________ (instrument) for the surgery. (答案: instrument | 解析: a后需可数名词单数) 2. He can play many musical ________ (instrument). (答案: instruments | 解析: many后接复数) 9. boundary (n.) 边界 近义词: border, limit, frontier 词性转换: bound (v. 限制), boundless (adj. 无限的) 常见搭配: boundary line (界线), push the boundaries (突破界限) 例句: The river forms the boundary between the two countries. (这条河构成了两国的边界。) 练习题: 1. There are no ________ (boundary) to what you can achieve. (答案: boundaries | 解析: no后接可数名词复数) 2. His kindness is ________ (boundary). (答案: boundless | 解析: is后接形容词) 10. composer (n.) 作曲家 近义词: songwriter, musician 词性转换: compose (v. 作曲), composition (n. 作品) 常见搭配: famous composer (著名作曲家), classical composer (古典作曲家) 例句: Beethoven is one of the greatest composers. (贝多芬是最伟大的作曲家之一。) 练习题: 1. She ________ (composer) a beautiful piece of music. (答案: composed | 解析: 句中缺谓语动词) 2. He wrote his first ________ (compose) at the age of ten. (答案: composition | 解析: his后需名词) 11. unique (adj.) 独一无二的 近义词: distinctive, one-of-a-kind, special 反义词: common, ordinary 词性转换: uniquely (adv. 独特地), uniqueness (n. 独特性) 常见搭配: unique opportunity (难得的机会), unique style (独特的风格) 例句: Each person's fingerprint is unique. (每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。) 练习题: 1. The building is ________ (unique) designed. (答案: uniquely | 解析: 修饰动词designed需副词) 2. The ________ (unique) of her voice makes her stand out. (答案: uniqueness | 解析: The后需名词) 12. earn (v.) 赢得，博得；赚得，挣钱 近义词: gain, obtain, make (money) 反义词: lose, spend 词性转换: earnings (n. 收入) 常见搭配: earn money (赚钱), earn respect (赢得尊重), earn a living (谋生) 例句: She works hard to earn a good salary. (她努力工作以赚取高薪。) 练习题: 1. His ________ (earn) have increased this year. (答案: earnings | 解析: 主语需名词复数) 2. She ________ (earn) the respect of her colleagues. (答案: earned | 解析: 描述过去动作，用过去时) 13. familiar (adj.) 熟悉的 近义词: well-known, accustomed 反义词: unfamiliar, strange 词性转换: familiarity (n. 熟悉), familiarize (v. 使熟悉) 常见搭配: be familiar with (通晓，熟悉), be familiar to (为...所熟悉) 例句: I am not familiar with this neighborhood. (我对这个社区不熟悉。) 练习题: 1. His face looks ________ (familiar) to me. (答案: familiar | 解析: looks后接形容词) 2. ________ (Familiar) with the local customs is important. (答案: Familiarity | 解析: 主语需名词) 14. familiar with sth (短语) 通晓，熟悉 近义词: knowledgeable about 反义词: unfamiliar with, ignorant of 例句: Are you familiar with this software? (你熟悉这个软件吗？) 练习题: 1. I am not familiar ________ this topic. (答案: with | 解析: be familiar with固定搭配) 2. She is ________ (familiar) with three languages. (答案: familiar | 解析: is后接形容词) 15. worldwide (adv.) 在世界各地 (adj.) 影响全世界的 近义词: globally, internationally 反义词: locally 词性转换: world (n. 世界) 常见搭配: worldwide fame (全球闻名), worldwide web (万维网) 例句: This product is sold worldwide. (这个产品在全球销售。) 练习题: 1. The news spread ________ (worldwide). (答案: worldwide | 解析: 修饰动词spread需副词) 2. The company has a ________ (worldwide) reputation. (答案: worldwide | 解析: 修饰名词reputation需形容词) 16. simply (adv.) 仅仅 近义词: just, merely, only 词性转换: simple (adj. 简单的), simplicity (n. 简单) 常见搭配: simply put (简单来说), not simply (不仅仅是) 例句: It is simply a matter of time. (这仅仅是时间问题。) 练习题: 1. The instructions are ________ (simple) written. (答案: simply | 解析: 修饰动词written需副词) 2. This is a ________ (simple) question. (答案: simple | 解析: 修饰名词question需形容词) 17. flow (n.) 流，流动 (v.) 流动 近义词: stream, current (n.) 反义词: blockage 词性转换: flowing (adj. 流动的) 常见搭配: traffic flow (交通流量), blood flow (血液流动), flow of water (水流) 例句: The flow of the river is very strong. (这条河的水流很急。) 练习题: 1. The water ________ (flow) slowly down the hill. (答案: flows | 解析: 描述一般事实，用第三人称单数) 2. She has long, ________ (flow) hair. (答案: flowing | 解析: 修饰名词hair需形容词) 18. eastern (adj.) 东方国家的，东方的 近义词: oriental 反义词: western 词性转换: east (n. 东方), eastward (adv. 向东) 常见搭配: eastern culture (东方文化), eastern part (东部地区) 例句: He is interested in eastern philosophy. (他对东方哲学感兴趣。) 练习题: 1. The sun rises in the ________ (eastern). (答案: east | 解析: in the east固定短语) 2. She traveled to the ________ (east) coast of the country. (答案: eastern | 解析: 修饰名词coast需形容词) 19. bell (n.) 钟（声），电铃（声） 近义词: chime, buzzer 常见搭配: ring the bell (按铃/敲钟), door bell (门铃) 例句: The bell rang, signaling the end of class. (铃声响了，表示下课。) 练习题: 1. Please ring the ________ (bell) when you arrive. (答案: bell | 解析: the后需名词) 2. The church ________ (bell) can be heard from miles away. (答案: bells | 解析: 主语需复数) 20. talented (adj.) 有天赋的 近义词: gifted, skilled 反义词: untalented 词性转换: talent (n. 天赋), talentless (adj. 无天赋的) 常见搭配: talented musician (有天赋的音乐家), talented artist (天才艺术家) 例句: She is a talented singer. (她是一位有天赋的歌手。) 练习题: 1. He has a natural ________ (talented) for music. (答案: talent | 解析: a后需名词) 2. The show features many ________ (talent) young performers. (答案: talented | 解析: 修饰名词performers需形容词) 21. mixture (n.) 混合 近义词: blend, combination 反义词: separation 词性转换: mix (v. 混合), mixed (adj. 混合的) 常见搭配: a mixture of (...的混合物) 例句: The song is a mixture of different musical styles. (这首歌是不同音乐风格的混合。) 练习题: 1. ________ (Mix) the flour and eggs together. (答案: Mix | 解析: 祈使句用动词原形) 2. His feelings about the movie were ________ (mix). (答案: mixed | 解析: were后接形容词) 22. press (n.) 新闻界，平面媒体 近义词: media, journalism 词性转换: press (v. 按压) 常见搭配: freedom of the press (新闻自由), press conference (新闻发布会) 例句: The press reported on the event extensively. (新闻界对这次事件进行了广泛报道。) 练习题: 1. ________ (Press) this button to start the machine. (答案: Press | 解析: 祈使句用动词原形) 2. The story was covered by the national ________ (press). (答案: press | 解析: the后需名词) 23. brain (n.) 脑，智力 近义词: mind, intellect 词性转换: brainy (adj. 聪明的) 常见搭配: use one's brain (动脑筋), brain drain (人才流失), brain storm (头脑风暴) 例句: You have a good brain, so use it. (你很聪明，所以要好好利用它。) 练习题: 1. She is the ________ (brain) of the operation. (答案: brain | 解析: 比喻用法，"智囊") 2. He made a ________ (brain) decision. (答案: brainy | 解析: 修饰名词decision需形容词，或使用"wise") 24. ticket (n.) 票，入场券 近义词: pass, admission 常见搭配: buy a ticket (买票), ticket office (售票处), one-way ticket (单程票) 例句: I have two tickets for the concert. (我有两张音乐会的票。) 练习题: 1. You need to ________ (ticket) your luggage at the airport. (答案: ticket | 解析: ticket可作动词，表示"贴标签") 2. The ________ (ticket) to the museum are very expensive. (答案: tickets | 解析: 主语需复数) 25. rather (adv.) 相当，在某种程度上 近义词: quite, fairly, somewhat 常见搭配: rather than (而不是), or rather (更确切地说) 例句: The movie was rather boring. (这部电影相当无聊。) 练习题: 1. I would prefer to go in summer rather ________ in winter. (答案: than | 解析: rather than固定搭配) 2. She is ________ (rather) shy, but she opens up once you know her. (答案: rather | 解析: 副词修饰shy) 26. concert (n.) 音乐会 近义词: performance, show 常见搭配: go to a concert (去听音乐会), live concert (现场音乐会), concert hall (音乐厅) 例句: We saw a fantastic concert last night. (昨晚我们看了一场很棒的音乐会。) 练习题: 1. The band is on ________ (concert) tour. (答案: concert | 解析: concert tour固定短语) 2. Thousands of fans attended the ________ (concert). (答案: concert | 解析: the后需名词) 27. country (n.) 乡村 (n.) 国家 近义词: countryside (乡村); nation (国家) 反义词: city 词性转换: countryman (n. 同胞) 常见搭配: country music (乡村音乐), in the country (在乡村) 例句: I prefer living in the country to living in the city. (比起住在城市，我更喜欢住在乡村。) 练习题: 1. She loves ________ (country) music. (答案: country | 解析: country music固定短语) 2. Many ________ (country) signed the agreement. (答案: countries | 解析: many后接复数) 28. jazz (n.) 爵士乐 词性转换: jazzy (adj. 爵士乐的) 常见搭配: jazz music (爵士乐), jazz band (爵士乐队) 例句: He is a big fan of jazz. (他是个爵士乐迷。) 练习题: 1. She sings in a ________ (jazz) style. (答案: jazzy | 解析: 修饰名词style需形容词) 2. The ________ (jazz) club is very popular. (答案: jazz | 解析: 修饰名词club需名词) 29. rock (n.) 摇滚乐 (n.) 岩石 近义词: rock music (摇滚乐) 常见搭配: rock band (摇滚乐队), rock concert (摇滚音乐会) 例句: He loves listening to rock music. (他喜欢听摇滚乐。) 练习题: 1. The ________ (rock) on the beach are smooth. (答案: rocks | 解析: 主语需复数) 2. She is a ________ (rock) singer. (答案: rock | 解析: rock singer固定短语) 30. cowboy (n.) 牛仔 词性转换: cowgirl (n. 女牛仔) 常见搭配: cowboy boots (牛仔靴), cowboy hat (牛仔帽) 例句: Cowboys often ride horses and herd cattle. (牛仔常常骑马放牛。) 练习题: 1. He dressed up as a ________ (cowboy) for the party. (答案: cowboy | 解析: a后需可数名词单数) 2. Many ________ (cowboy) worked on the ranch. (答案: cowboys | 解析: many后接复数) 31. drum (n.) 鼓 词性转换: drummer (n. 鼓手) 常见搭配: play the drums (打鼓), drum set (架子鼓) 例句: He plays the drums in a band. (他在一个乐队里打鼓。) 练习题: 1. She is a talented ________ (drum). (答案: drummer | 解析: a后需可数名词单数) 2. The sound of ________ (drum) filled the room. (答案: drums | 解析: 主语需复数) 32. African (adj.) 非洲（人）的 (n.) 非洲人 词性转换: Africa (n. 非洲) 常见搭配: African culture (非洲文化), African elephant (非洲象) 例句: She traveled to several African countries. (她去了几个非洲国家旅行。) 练习题: 1. ________ (Africa) is a vast continent. (答案: Africa | 解析: 主语需名词) 2. Many ________ (Africa) speak French as a second language. (答案: Africans | 解析: many后接复数) 33. American (n.) 美国人，美洲人 (adj.) 美国的 词性转换: America (n. 美国/美洲) 常见搭配: American English (美式英语), Native American (美洲原住民) 例句: She is an American citizen. (她是一位美国公民。) 练习题: 1. He has lived in ________ (American) for ten years. (答案: America | 解析: in后接国家名) 2. Many ________ (America) enjoy watching football. (答案: Americans | 解析: many后接复数) 34. make up (短语) 创作，编写，编造 近义词: invent, compose, fabricate 反义词: repeat, copy 例句: He made up an excuse for being late. (他为迟到编造了一个借口。) 练习题: 1. She made ________ a beautiful story. (答案: up | 解析: make up固定搭配) 2. The team is made ________ of ten members. (答案: up | 解析: be made up of固定短语) 35. attend (v.) 出席，参加；定期去 近义词: be present at, go to 反义词: miss, skip 词性转换: attendance (n. 出席), attendant (n. 服务员) 常见搭配: attend a meeting (参加会议), attend school (上学), attend a wedding (参加婚礼) 例句: She attends church every Sunday. (她每个星期天都去教堂。) 练习题: 1. ________ (attend) at the meeting was low. (答案: Attendance | 解析: 主语需名词) 2. Please ________ (attendance) the meeting on time. (答案: attend | 解析: please后接动词原形) 36. quick (adj.) 迅速的 近义词: fast, rapid, swift 反义词: slow 词性转换: quicken (v. 加快), quickly (adv. 迅速地), quickness (n. 迅速) 常见搭配: quick response (快速反应), quick decision (迅速的决定) 例句: She gave me a quick answer. (她给了我一个快速的答复。) 练习题: 1. He ran ________ (quick) to catch the bus. (答案: quickly | 解析: 修饰动词ran需副词) 2. We need to ________ (quick) the process. (答案: quicken | 解析: need to后接动词原形) 37. jasmine (n.) 茉莉 常见搭配: jasmine tea (茉莉花茶), jasmine flower (茉莉花) 例句: The garden is full of jasmine. (花园里开满了茉莉花。) 练习题: 1. I love the scent of ________ (jasmine). (答案: jasmine | 解析: of后接名词) 2. She bought some ________ (jasmine) tea. (答案: jasmine | 解析: jasmine tea固定短语) 38. flute (n.) 长笛 词性转换: flutist (n. 长笛手) 常见搭配: play the flute (吹长笛) 例句: She plays the flute in the school orchestra. (她在学校管弦乐队里吹长笛。) 练习题: 1. He is a talented ________ (flute). (答案: flutist | 解析: a后需可数名词单数) 2. The sound of the ________ (flute) is very soft. (答案: flute | 解析: the后需名词) 39. range (n.) 一系列，类，范围 近义词: variety, scope, extent 词性转换: range (v. 变化) 常见搭配: a wide range of (各种各样的), price range (价格范围), age range (年龄范围) 例句: The store offers a wide range of products. (这家商店提供各种各样的产品。) 练习题: 1. Temperatures ________ (range) from 5 to 25 degrees. (答案: range | 解析: 主语复数，谓语用原形) 2. The ________ (range) of his knowledge is impressive. (答案: range | 解析: The后需名词) 40. gentle (adj.) 柔和的，温柔的 近义词: soft, mild, tender 反义词: rough, harsh 词性转换: gently (adv. 温柔地), gentleness (n. 温柔) 常见搭配: gentle breeze (微风), gentle voice (温柔的声音) 例句: He is a gentle and kind man. (他是一个温和善良的人。) 练习题: 1. She spoke ________ (gentle) to the crying child. (答案: gently | 解析: 修饰动词spoke需副词) 2. The ________ (gentle) of his touch surprised her. (答案: gentleness | 解析: The后需名词) 41. download (v.) 下载 近义词: save, transfer 反义词: upload 词性转换: downloadable (adj. 可下载的), downloader (n. 下载者) 常见搭配: download a file (下载文件), download an app (下载应用) 例句: You can download the app for free. (你可以免费下载这个应用。) 练习题: 1. This software is free for ________ (download). (答案: downloading | 解析: for后接动名词) 2. The file is ________ (download) from the website. (答案: downloadable | 解析: is后接形容词) 42. calming (adj.) 令人平静的 近义词: soothing, relaxing 反义词: agitating, disturbing 词性转换: calm (adj. 平静的), calmly (adv. 平静地), calmness (n. 平静) 常见搭配: calming music (令人平静的音乐), calming effect (镇静效果) 例句: The sound of the ocean is very calming. (大海的声音非常令人平静。) 练习题: 1. Please remain ________ (calm) in an emergency. (答案: calm | 解析: remain后接形容词) 2. She took a deep breath to ________ (calm) herself down. (答案: calm | 解析: to后接动词原形) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $