Unit 4 词汇备课 2026-2027学年译林版九年级英语上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过分类表格系统梳理了42个核心词汇及短语，涵盖近义词、词性转换、常见搭配、例句及练习题等要素，按“基础认知-语境应用-综合拓展”的递进逻辑呈现知识脉络，清晰标注重难点如不规则复数、固定搭配等内在联系。 讲义的亮点在于“词性转换+语境应用”的分层练习设计，如“self”的练习题从形容词转换（selfish/selfless）到语境搭配（selfless act），培养语言能力和思维品质。每个词汇配典型例句和解析，基础薄弱学生可掌握基本用法，优秀学生能深化拓展，教师据此可实施精准化分层教学，支持学生自主复习与高效巩固。

译林版九上unit 4词汇备课 1. cactus (n.) 仙人掌 近义词: succulent 词性转换: cacti/cactuses (复数形式) 常见搭配: a potted cactus (盆栽仙人掌), cactus flower (仙人掌花) 例句: Cactus can survive in very dry conditions. (仙人掌能在非常干燥的环境中生存。) 练习题: 1. There are many ________ (cactus) in the desert. (答案: cacti/cactuses | 解析: many后接复数) 2. The ________ (cactus) has sharp spines to protect itself. (答案: cactus | 解析: 单数作主语) 2. lotus (n.) 莲属植物，莲花图案 近义词: water lily 词性转换: 无 常见搭配: lotus flower (莲花), lotus position (莲花坐姿，瑜伽姿势) 例句: The lotus is a symbol of purity in many cultures. (莲花在许多文化中是纯洁的象征。) 练习题: 1. She painted a beautiful ________ (lotus) on the wall. (答案: lotus | 解析: 名词本身) 2. ________ (Lotus) grow in ponds and lakes. (答案: Lotuses | 解析: 复数形式) 3. self (n.) 自我，本来面目 近义词: ego, personality, identity 词性转换: selfish (adj. 自私的), selfless (adj. 无私的), selfie (n. 自拍) 常见搭配: one's true self (真实的自我), sense of self (自我意识) 例句: She is not her usual self today. (她今天不像平时的自己。) 练习题: 1. He is too ________ (self) to care about others. (答案: selfish | 解析: too后接形容词) 2. Her ________ (self) act saved many lives. (答案: selfless | 解析: 修饰名词act需形容词) 4. peanut (n.) 花生 近义词: groundnut 常见搭配: peanut butter (花生酱), peanut oil (花生油) 例句: I am allergic to peanuts. (我对花生过敏。) 练习题: 1. She spread ________ (peanut) butter on the bread. (答案: peanut | 解析: peanut butter固定短语) 2. He ate a bag of ________ (peanut). (答案: peanuts | 解析: a bag of后接复数) 5. unused (adj.) 未用过的 近义词: new, fresh, untouched 反义词: used, worn 词性转换: use (v. 使用), useful (adj. 有用的), useless (adj. 无用的) 常见搭配: unused land (未使用的土地), unused time (未利用的时间) 例句: There is some unused space in the attic. (阁楼里有一些未使用的空间。) 练习题: 1. This old computer is ________ (use) now. (答案: useless | 解析: 表示"无用的") 2. We need to make ________ (use) of every opportunity. (答案: use | 解析: make use of固定短语) 6. city (n.) 城市 近义词: town, metropolis, urban area 反义词: countryside, village 词性转换: citizen (n. 市民), civic (adj. 城市的) 常见搭配: city center (市中心), city hall (市政厅), big city (大城市) 例句: New York is a big and busy city. (纽约是一个繁忙的大城市。) 练习题: 1. ________ (City) have more job opportunities than villages. (答案: Cities | 解析: 主语需复数) 2. She is a ________ (city) of London. (答案: citizen | 解析: a后需可数名词单数) 7. dig (v.) 挖，掘，凿 近义词: excavate, burrow 反义词: bury, fill 词性转换: digger (n. 挖掘者), digging (n. 挖掘) 常见搭配: dig a hole (挖洞), dig deep (深挖) 例句: The dog was digging in the garden. (那只狗正在花园里挖土。) 练习题: 1. The workers ________ (dig) a tunnel through the mountain. (答案: dug | 解析: 描述过去动作，用过去式) 2. ________ (dig) a well is hard work. (答案: Digging | 解析: 动名词作主语) 8. dig up (短语) 掘地，挖掘出 近义词: excavate, unearth 反义词: bury, cover 例句: They dug up an ancient treasure. (他们挖出了一件古代宝藏。) 练习题: 1. The dog dug ________ a bone in the yard. (答案: up | 解析: dig up固定搭配) 2. They are digging ________ the old road to lay new pipes. (答案: up | 解析: dig up固定搭配) 9. a couple of (短语) 几个，一对 近义词: a few, several 反义词: many, numerous 例句: I'll be there in a couple of minutes. (我几分钟后就到。) 练习题: 1. I saw a couple ________ birds in the tree. (答案: of | 解析: a couple of固定搭配) 2. She bought a ________ (couple) of apples. (答案: couple | 解析: a couple of固定短语) 10. celebration (n.) 庆祝，庆典 近义词: festivity, ceremony, party 词性转换: celebrate (v. 庆祝), celebratory (adj. 庆祝的) 常见搭配: hold a celebration (举行庆祝活动), birthday celebration (生日庆典) 例句: The whole city joined in the celebration. (全城都参加了庆祝活动。) 练习题: 1. We ________ (celebration) Christmas with a big dinner. (答案: celebrate | 解析: 句中缺谓语动词) 2. There was a ________ (celebrate) atmosphere at the party. (答案: celebratory | 解析: 修饰名词atmosphere需形容词) 11. oil (n.) 食用油，石油 近义词: petroleum (石油), cooking oil (食用油) 词性转换: oily (adj. 油腻的) 常见搭配: vegetable oil (植物油), crude oil (原油), oil painting (油画) 例句: You need to add some oil to the pan. (你需要往锅里加点油。) 练习题: 1. This food is too ________ (oil) for me. (答案: oily | 解析: is后接形容词) 2. The country is rich in ________ (oil). (答案: oil | 解析: in后接名词) 12. unlike (prep.) 不像 近义词: different from, contrary to 反义词: like, similar to 词性转换: like (prep. 像), likely (adj. 可能的) 常见搭配: unlike someone (不像某人) 例句: Unlike his brother, he is very outgoing. (不像他哥哥，他非常外向。) 练习题: 1. ________ (Unlike) most birds, penguins cannot fly. (答案: Unlike | 解析: 介词，表示"不像") 2. She looks ________ (like) her mother. (答案: like | 解析: looks like固定搭配) 13. dig out (短语) 挖掘出，发掘 近义词: excavate, uncover 反义词: bury 例句: Rescue workers dug out survivors from the ruins. (救援人员从废墟中挖掘出幸存者。) 练习题: 1. They dug ________ the old photos from the attic. (答案: out | 解析: dig out固定搭配) 2. The archeologists ________ (dig) out ancient pottery. (答案: dug | 解析: 过去时) 14. stem (n.) 茎，梗，柄 近义词: stalk, trunk 词性转换: stem (v. 起源于) 常见搭配: stem from (源于), flower stem (花茎) 例句: The rose has a long green stem. (这朵玫瑰有一根长长的绿色花茎。) 练习题: 1. The problem ________ (stem) from a misunderstanding. (答案: stems | 解析: 动词，表示"起源于") 2. Cut the ________ (stem) at an angle. (答案: stem | 解析: The后需名词) 15. bear (v.) 结（果实），开（花），生（孩子） 近义词: produce, give birth to 词性转换: bear (n. 熊), bearer (n. 持有者) 常见搭配: bear fruit (结果实；见效), bear children (生孩子) 例句: This tree bears fruit every autumn. (这棵树每年秋天结果。) 练习题: 1. The peach tree ________ (bear) many peaches this year. (答案: bore | 解析: 过去时) 2. Her efforts finally bore ________ (fruit). (答案: fruit | 解析: bear fruit固定短语) 16. attractive (adj.) 吸引人的 近义词: appealing, charming, inviting 反义词: unattractive, repulsive 词性转换: attract (v. 吸引), attraction (n. 吸引力) 常见搭配: attractive appearance (吸引人的外表), attractive offer (诱人的提议) 例句: This job offer is very attractive to me. (这份工作对我的吸引力很大。) 练习题: 1. The Great Wall is a major tourist ________ (attract). (答案: attraction | 解析: a后需名词) 2. Flowers ________ (attractive) bees and butterflies. (答案: attract | 解析: 句中缺谓语动词) 17. compare (v.) 比较，对比 近义词: contrast, liken 词性转换: comparison (n. 比较), comparative (adj. 比较的) 常见搭配: compare with (与...比较), compare to (比作) 例句: People often compare life to a journey. (人们常把人生比作一段旅程。) 练习题: 1. In ________ (compare) with other students, she works harder. (答案: comparison | 解析: in comparison with固定短语) 2. ________ (Compare) your answers with mine. (答案: Compare | 解析: 祈使句用动词原形) 18. expect sth of sb (短语) 期待某人做某事（或具备某种能力、品质） 近义词: anticipate, look for 例句: Parents expect a lot of their children. (父母对孩子期望很高。) 练习题: 1. Don't expect too much ________ him. (答案: of | 解析: expect sth of sb固定搭配) 2. What do you expect ________ me? (答案: of | 解析: expect sth of sb固定搭配) 19. hidden (adj.) 隐藏的，隐匿的 近义词: concealed, secret, unseen 反义词: visible, obvious 词性转换: hide (v. 隐藏), hiding (n. 躲藏) 常见搭配: hidden treasure (隐藏的宝藏), hidden danger (隐患) 例句: There is a hidden camera in the corner. (角落里有一个隐藏的摄像头。) 练习题: 1. The boy ________ (hide) behind the door. (答案: hid | 解析: 描述过去动作，用过去式) 2. She went into ________ (hide) to avoid danger. (答案: hiding | 解析: into hiding固定短语) 20. society (n.) 社会 近义词: community, culture 词性转换: social (adj. 社会的), socially (adv. 社会地) 常见搭配: modern society (现代社会), high society (上流社会) 例句: We must work together to build a better society. (我们必须共同努力建设更美好的社会。) 练习题: 1. ________ (Society) media plays an important role in our lives. (答案: Social | 解析: social media固定短语) 2. She is very ________ (society) and loves parties. (答案: social | 解析: 形容词作表语) 21. helpfulness (n.) 乐于助人 近义词: kindness, supportiveness 反义词: unhelpfulness, selfishness 词性转换: help (v./n. 帮助), helpful (adj. 有帮助的) 常见搭配: spirit of helpfulness (乐于助人的精神) 例句: Her helpfulness made her very popular. (她的乐于助人使她非常受欢迎。) 练习题: 1. It's very ________ (help) of you to offer your seat. (答案: helpful | 解析: It's + adj. + of sb.句型) 2. Can you ________ (help) me with this problem? (答案: help | 解析: can后接动词原形) 22. purpose (n.) 重要意义，目的，意图 近义词: aim, goal, intention 词性转换: purposeful (adj. 有目的的), purposefully (adv. 有目的地) 常见搭配: on purpose (故意地), for the purpose of (为了...的目的) 例句: What is the purpose of your visit? (你此行的目的是什么？) 练习题: 1. He broke the vase on ________ (purpose). (答案: purpose | 解析: on purpose固定短语) 2. She walked ________ (purpose) towards the door. (答案: purposefully | 解析: 修饰动词walked需副词) 23. satisfied (adj.) 满意的 近义词: content, pleased 反义词: dissatisfied, unhappy 词性转换: satisfy (v. 使满意), satisfaction (n. 满意), satisfying (adj. 令人满意的) 常见搭配: be satisfied with (对...满意) 例句: The customer was satisfied with the service. (顾客对服务很满意。) 练习题: 1. This job gives me a lot of ________ (satisfy). (答案: satisfaction | 解析: a lot of后需名词) 2. It is ________ (satisfy) to see your progress. (答案: satisfying | 解析: 修饰事物用satisfying) 24. boss (n.) 老板，上司 近义词: manager, supervisor, employer 反义词: employee, worker 词性转换: bossy (adj. 专横的) 常见搭配: boss around (对...发号施令) 例句: My boss is very demanding but fair. (我的老板要求很高但很公平。) 练习题: 1. She is too ________ (boss) and nobody likes her. (答案: bossy | 解析: too后接形容词) 2. I need to ask my ________ (boss) for a day off. (答案: boss | 解析: my后需名词) 25. dentist (n.) 牙科医生 词性转换: dentistry (n. 牙科学), dental (adj. 牙齿的) 常见搭配: go to the dentist (去看牙医), dentist appointment (牙医预约) 例句: I have an appointment with the dentist tomorrow. (我明天约了牙医。) 26. wife (n.) 妻子 (pl. wives) 近义词: spouse, partner 反义词: husband 词性转换: 无 常见搭配: husband and wife (夫妻) 例句: He introduced his wife to us. (他把他的妻子介绍给我们。) 练习题: 1. Many ________ (wife) attended the meeting with their husbands. (答案: wives | 解析: many后接复数) 2. His ________ (wife) is a doctor. (答案: wife | 解析: his后需名词单数) 27. passage (n.) 章节，段落，乐段 近义词: paragraph, excerpt, section 词性转换: pass (v. 通过) 常见搭配: read a passage (读一段文章), a passage of music (一段音乐) 例句: Please read the following passage and answer the questions. (请阅读下面这段文章并回答问题。) 练习题: 1. She ________ (passage) the exam with flying colors. (答案: passed | 解析: pass the exam) 2. This musical ________ (passage) is very beautiful. (答案: passage | 解析: 名词本身) 28. stamp (n.) 邮票 近义词: postage stamp 词性转换: stamp (v. 跺脚) 常见搭配: collect stamps (集邮), stamp collecting (集邮) 例句: I bought a stamp to send this letter. (我买了一张邮票寄这封信。) 练习题: 1. She ________ (stamp) her foot in anger. (答案: stamped | 解析: 句中缺谓语动词) 2. He has a large ________ (stamp) collection. (答案: stamp | 解析: stamp collection固定短语) 29. daughter (n.) 女儿 近义词: female child 反义词: son 词性转换: 无 常见搭配: daughter and son (女儿和儿子) 例句: They have two daughters and one son. (他们有两个女儿和一个儿子。) 练习题: 1. My ________ (daughter) name is Lily. (答案: daughter's | 解析: 所有格形式) 2. Their ________ (daughter) just graduated from college. (答案: daughter | 解析: 名词本身) 30. devote (v.) 献身，致力，专心 近义词: dedicate, commit 词性转换: devotion (n. 奉献), devoted (adj. 忠诚的) 常见搭配: devote oneself to (致力于), devote time/energy to (投入时间/精力于...) 例句: She devoted her life to helping the poor. (她一生致力于帮助穷人。) 练习题: 1. His ________ (devote) to his work is admirable. (答案: devotion | 解析: his后需名词) 2. She is a ________ (devote) mother and wife. (答案: devoted | 解析: 修饰名词mother需形容词) 31. devote ... to ... (短语) 把......奉献给...... 近义词: dedicate to, commit to 例句: He devoted all his free time to studying. (他把所有空闲时间都用于学习。) 练习题: 1. She devoted her life ________ caring for the sick. (答案: to | 解析: devote...to...固定搭配) 2. Many volunteers ________ (devote) their time to protecting the environment. (答案: devote | 解析: 句中缺谓语动词) 32. research (v./n.) 研究 近义词: study, investigation 词性转换: researcher (n. 研究者) 常见搭配: do research (做研究), research into (对...的研究) 例句: Scientists are researching the causes of the disease. (科学家们正在研究这种疾病的起因。) 练习题: 1. She is a famous ________ (research) in the field of physics. (答案: researcher | 解析: a后需可数名词单数) 2. We need to do further ________ (research) on this problem. (答案: research | 解析: further后需名词) 33. house (v.) 收藏，安置 (n.) 房子 近义词: accommodate, shelter (v.) 词性转换: housing (n. 住房) 常见搭配: house the collection (收藏藏品), house the homeless (安置无家可归者) 例句: The museum houses a famous art collection. (这个博物馆收藏了一批著名的艺术品。) 练习题: 1. This building ________ (house) the local library. (答案: houses | 解析: 主语单三，谓语加s) 2. The government provides ________ (house) for low-income families. (答案: housing | 解析: provides后需名词) 34. overtourism (n.) 过度旅游 近义词: tourism overload 词性转换: tourism (n. 旅游), tourist (n. 游客) 常见搭配: problem of overtourism (过度旅游的问题) 例句: Overtourism has caused damage to many historic cities. (过度旅游已对许多历史名城造成破坏。) 练习题: 1. ________ (Tour) is an important industry for many countries. (答案: Tourism | 解析: 主语需名词) 2. The ________ (tour) took many photos of the Eiffel Tower. (答案: tourists | 解析: The后需名词复数) 35. digitalize (v.) 使（信息）数字化 近义词: digitize 词性转换: digital (adj. 数字的), digitization (n. 数字化) 常见搭配: digitalize documents (将文件数字化) 例句: The company plans to digitalize all its records. (公司计划将其所有记录数字化。) 练习题: 1. We live in a ________ (digitalize) age. (答案: digital | 解析: 修饰名词age需形容词) 2. The ________ (digitalize) of books makes them easier to access. (答案: digitization | 解析: The后需名词) 36. graduate (v.)（大学）毕业 (n.) 毕业生 近义词: complete studies (v.) 词性转换: graduation (n. 毕业) 常见搭配: graduate from (从...毕业), high school graduate (高中毕业生) 例句: She graduated from Peking University last year. (她去年从北京大学毕业。) 练习题: 1. After ________ (graduate), he got a job in a bank. (答案: graduation | 解析: After后需名词) 2. She is a ________ (graduate) of Harvard. (答案: graduate | 解析: a后需可数名词单数) 37. serve (v.) 能满足......的需要；服务，提供 近义词: attend to, provide 词性转换: service (n. 服务), servant (n. 仆人) 常见搭配: serve as (充当), serve the community (服务社区) 例句: The restaurant serves delicious food. (这家餐厅提供美味的食物。) 练习题: 1. The ________ (serve) at this hotel is excellent. (答案: service | 解析: The后需名词) 2. He ________ (serve) in the army for two years. (答案: served | 解析: 描述过去经历，用过去时) 38. condition (n.) 状态，状况 近义词: state, situation 词性转换: conditional (adj. 有条件的) 常见搭配: in good condition (状况良好), living conditions (生活条件) 例句: The car is in excellent condition. (这辆车状况极佳。) 练习题: 1. You can borrow the book on ________ (condition) that you return it on time. (答案: condition | 解析: on condition that固定短语) 2. His health ________ (condition) is improving. (答案: condition | 解析: 主语需名词) 39. contribute (v.) 贡献，增进，促成 近义词: donate, add 反义词: take away 词性转换: contribution (n. 贡献), contributor (n. 贡献者) 常见搭配: contribute to (有助于，促成) 例句: Smoking contributes to many health problems. (吸烟导致许多健康问题。) 练习题: 1. She made a great ________ (contribute) to the project. (答案: contribution | 解析: a后需名词) 2. Everyone should ________ (contribution) to protecting the environment. (答案: contribute | 解析: should后接动词原形) 40. judge (v.) 判断，认为 (n.) 法官，裁判 近义词: evaluate, decide (v.); referee (n.) 词性转换: judgment (n. 判断) 常见搭配: judge by appearance (以貌取人), Don't judge a book by its cover. (不要以貌取人。) 例句: Don't judge a person by their looks. (不要以貌取人。) 练习题: 1. It's wrong to make a ________ (judge) without knowing the facts. (答案: judgment | 解析: a后需名词) 2. The ________ (judge) sentenced the criminal to ten years. (答案: judge | 解析: The后需名词) 41. amazed (adj.) 大为惊奇 近义词: astonished, surprised 反义词: unimpressed, indifferent 词性转换: amaze (v. 使惊奇), amazement (n. 惊奇), amazing (adj. 令人惊奇的) 常见搭配: be amazed at/by (对...感到惊奇) 例句: I was amazed at the change in her. (我对她的变化感到惊奇。) 练习题: 1. To my ________ (amaze), he finished the race first. (答案: amazement | 解析: to one's + 名词) 2. The magician performed an ________ (amaze) trick. (答案: amazing | 解析: 修饰名词trick需形容词) 42. make up one's mind (短语) 下定决心 近义词: decide, resolve 反义词: hesitate 例句: I have made up my mind to study abroad. (我已下定决心出国留学。) 练习题: 1. Have you made ________ your mind yet? (答案: up | 解析: make up one's mind固定搭配) 2. She finally made ________ her mind to accept the job. (答案: up | 解析: make up one's mind固定搭配) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $