专题02 语法（专项训练）小升初英语暑假专项提升（教科版广州）

**基本信息** 聚焦小学核心时态，通过“定义-规则-口诀-易错”四步体系化讲解，配套多样化题型巩固，兼顾基础夯实与初中衔接，提升语言应用能力与学习策略。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |答题技巧|4时态（含规则表、口诀、易错提醒）|动词变化口诀、句型结构口诀、易错点对比（如when/while）|从基础时态到复合句型，从小学用法到初中拓展，形成“概念-应用-迁移”链条| |小试牛刀|52题（单选/填空/句型转换等6类）|——|覆盖时态应用全场景，题型与知识点精准对应，强化语言能力与思维品质|

专题02 语法 · 内容导航 · 01：答题技巧 02：小试牛刀 答题技巧 （1） 一般过去时 定义：一般过去时表示过去某个时间或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。经常与yesterday、last week/Sunday/year…、an hour ago、before等连用。 动词变化规则： 规则 动词原形 过去式 例句 直接+ed play played I played football yesterday. 以e结尾+d dance danced She danced at the party. 辅音+y→ied study studied We studied English last night. 重读闭音节双写+ed stop stopped He stopped crying. 不规则变化 go → went eat → ate see → saw They went to the park. She ate an apple. I saw a movie. 口诀：动词变形有规律 直接加ed最常见，哑e结尾加d变，辅音加y变ied，重读闭音要双写。 还有特殊要牢记，go变went别忘记！ 句型结构： 结构 例句 ①肯定句：主语 + 过去式 She watched TV last night. ②否定句：主语 + didn't + 动词原形 They didn't play games. ③一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形？ Did you finish homework? Yes, I did./No, I didn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ What did you do yesterday? 口诀：句型变化很简单 过去句子很好记，动词要用过去式，否定didn't加原形，疑问Did打头阵， 回答要用Yes/No，动词原形后面跟！some变any，别忘记！ 易错提醒： 1.疑问句和否定句中要用动词原形： ❌ Didn't you went to school? ✅ Didn't you go to school? 2.be动词过去式（was/were）的用法： I/He/She/It → was You/We/They → were 例：They were happy yesterday. 初中语法抢先知： 初中新增一般过去时的复合句型： · 时间状语从句： 例句：When I arrived, the class had started. 当我到达的时候，已经开始上课了。 · 原因状语从句： 例句：He failed because he didn't study. 他失败了因为他不学习。 · 条件状语从句： 例句：If it rained, we stayed indoors. 如果下雨，我们就在屋里待着。 （2） 过去进行时 定义：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，强调动作的持续性。 ✅ 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 动词-ing + 其他. 例句：I was doing my homework at 8pm yesterday.  昨晚8点，我正在做作业。 ✅ 否定句：主语 + was/were not + 动词-ing + 其他. 例句：She was not (wasn't) playing games. 她（那时）没有在玩游戏。 ✅ 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他？ 例句：Were you sleeping when I called? 我打电话的时候，你在睡觉吗？ ✅ 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词-ing？ 例句：What were they doing last night? 他们昨晚在做什么？ 用法： ①过去某一时刻正在发生的事（常搭配具体时间点）： At 7 o'clock yesterday, Mum was cooking. 昨天7点的时候，妈妈正在做饭。 ②过去某段时间持续的动作： We were reading books from 3pm to 4pm. 我们从下午3点到4点一直在看书。 ③两个动作同时发生（用while连接）： While I was sleeping, Dad was watching TV. 我在睡觉的时候，爸爸在看电视。 易错提醒：  易错点1：漏掉be动词（was/were）。 ✖ He playing football. → ✔ He was playing football. 易错点2：动词忘记加-ing。 ✖ They were watch TV. → ✔ They were watching TV. 易错点3：when vs. while when + 短暂动作（一般过去时）：When I arrived, she was crying. while + 持续动作（过去进行时）：While she was crying, I called the teacher. （3） 一般将来时 1. 定义 一般将来时表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或状态，或将来经常发生的动作。常用于描述计划、预测、承诺等。 2. 基本结构 一般将来时有两种主要表达方式： （1）will + 动词原形（适用于所有主语） 肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他。 例：She will go to Paris next week. 她下周将去巴黎。 否定句：主语 + will not (won't) + 动词原形 + 其他。 例：They won’t attend the meeting. 他将不参加这个会议。 一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例：Will you help me? 你能帮我吗？ （2）be going to + 动词原形 肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形 + 其他。 例：He is going to buy a new car. 他将买一辆新车。 否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他。 例：We aren’t going to travel this summer. 这个夏天我们不去旅行。 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例：Are you going to study abroad? 你将去国外学习吗？ 初中语法抢先知： · be about to do 表示不久或即将发生的动作，不强调主观，一般不能与具体的时间状语连用。 例句：Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好，电影马上就要开始了。 · be to do 表示按照安排、约定、职责或义务必须去做的事，较正式。 例句：We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 （4） 现在进行时 1. 定义 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或当前一段时间内持续的活动，也可以表示近期计划好的未来安排。 2. 结构 结构 例句 肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + V-ing I am working. 我正在工作。 否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + V-ing We are not (aren't) watching TV. 我们没在看电视。 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + V-ing Are you listening to me? 你在听我说话吗？ 3.动词现在分词（V-ing）的构成规则 规则 动词原形 现在分词 一般直接加 -ing work working 以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 -ing write writing 以“辅音+元音+辅音”结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音加 -ing run running 以 ie 结尾的动词，变 ie 为 y 再加 -ing lie lying 4. 用法 ①表示现在正在进行的动作 Look! The kids are playing in the park. （看！孩子们正在公园里玩。） I'm studying English now. （我正在学英语。） ②表示当前一段时间内的活动（但不一定是说话时正在发生） She is learning French this year. （她今年在学法语。） They are working on a new project. （他们在做一个新项目。） ③表示近期安排好的未来计划（通常有明确的时间） We are flying to Paris tomorrow. （我们明天要飞往巴黎。） He is meeting his boss at 3 PM. （他下午3点要见老板。） ④表示暂时的情况（与一般现在时的长期习惯对比） He usually eats cereal, but today he is having toast. （他通常吃麦片，但今天他在吃吐司。） 初中语法抢先知： 现在进行时表将来： arrive、come、go、leave、start等表示位置转移的非延续性动词常用现在进行时表将来。 例句：The bus is coming. 公交车来了。 We are flying to Paris tomorrow. 明天我将飞往巴黎。 小试牛刀 1、 单项选择。 ( ) 1．Su Bingtian was born ______ Guangdong Province ______ August 29th,1989. A．in; on B．on; in C．in; in ( ) 2．The man stopped working in the field, so all his vegetables ______. A．were fresh B．grew well C．died finally ( ) 3．The room is very ______, so I can’t see anything. A．brightly B．dark C．small ( ) 4．—What can you learn from the story “The farmer and the snake (蛇)”? —“______” A．Don’t wait for another hare. B．Be kind and patient. C．Never be kind to a bad man. ( ) 5．—If a boy takes all the food from the dish, what will you say to him? —I will say, “______” A．Be quiet. B．Share with others. C．Help yourself to some dishes. ( ) 6．Look! The boy is ______. He should wait until he finishes. A．talking with his mouth full B．wasting water C．giving his seat to an old lady ( ) 7．The question (问题) was too ______, none of the students could answer it. A．easy B．interesting C．difficult ( ) 8．Dr Sun Yatsen was a great ______. He tried to free the Chinese people. A．inventor B．leader C．writer ( ) 9．He tried _______ Lucy. A．to help B．helps C．helped ( ) 10．Jim’s _______ a book about Chinese history. A．read B．reads C．reading 2、 选词填空，每空单词使用一次。 at     for    on   with     about     of     and   from     in   to 11．He was born Guangzhou, China. 12．I will arrive my new school in Australia next week. 13．I’m reading a book Deng Jiaxian. 14．It tells us protect the earth. 15．All us had a good time. 16．I can see many beautiful mountains forests. 17．There is a PE class at 3 p.m. Saturday. 18．She went a poor young woman to the richest writer in the world. 19．Inside everything was dark, except a sign. 20．I went to New Zealand my parents. 3、 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 21．I (buy) two pieces of cake just now, would you like to (taste) it? 22．Don’t buy the things (make) from the fur of the animals. We should work together to (save) the animals. 23．Yesterday Ben (go) to the beach, and (swim) in the sea. He enjoyed his holiday. 24．I (book) a hotel for my uncle, because he (come) here from USA next Saturday. 25．When I (get) up this morning, my mum (cook) breakfast. 26．Look, Kate (surf) the Internet in the computer room. 27．We should plant more trees to fight against (pollute). 28．The office is on the (eight) floor. Let’s take the lift. 29．I finally (get) my passport last week. I (travel) to Japan next month. 30．Thanks so much for (invite) me to (visit) you in Canada. 4、 问答配对。根据问题，从方框中找出答语，并将其字母编号写在括号内。 A．It’s very modern. B．On foot. C．No, I wasn’t. D．I surfed the Internet. E．Usually in January or February. ( ) 31．What did you do last Saturday?   ( ) 32．How did you go to work before, Dad? ( ) 33．What’s Tianhe like now? ( ) 34．When is the Chinese New Year? ( ) 35．Were you shy when you were a little boy? 5、 句型转换。 36．Do you often play football after school?（肯定回答） _____________________________________________________ 37．I have some books.（否定句，一般疑问句，及回答） _____________________________________________________ 38．Gao Shan's sister likes playing table tennis. （改为否定句） _____________________________________________________ 39．She lives in a small town near New York.（改为一般疑问句） _____________________________________________________ 40．I watch TV every day.（改为一般疑问句） _____________________________________________________ 41．We have four lessons.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________________ 42．Nancy doesn't run fast. （改为肯定句） _____________________________________________________ 43．Linda is taller than Betty. (同义句转换) Betty is ______ ______ tall as Linda. 44．It takes me half an hour to finish my homework in the evenings. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ does it take you to finish your homework in the evenings? 45．Turning left is not allowed here. (改写同义句) We ______ ______ left here. 46．Mr. Li works for the IBM Company in China. (改为一般疑问句) ______ Mr. Li ______ for the IBM Company in China? 47．Paul’s aunt is a secretary. (对画线部分提问) ______ ______ Paul’s aunt do? 6、 连词成句。 48．do, you, your, why, sister, like (?) _____________________________________________________ 49．favourite, is, Who, teacher, your (?) _____________________________________________________ 50．will, We, it, if, park, the, doesn’t, to, go, tomorrow, rain (.) _____________________________________________________ 51．if, best, your, is, friend, ill, will, What, you, do (?) _____________________________________________________ 52．make, challenges, will, you, powerful, wise, strong, and (.) _____________________________________________________ 参考答案 第 1 页 共 8 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．in 12．at 13．about 14．to 15．of 16．and 17．on 18．from 19．for 20．with 21．bought taste 22．made save 23．went swam 24．will book will come 25．got was cooking 26．is surfing 27．pollution 28．eighth 29．got am going to travel/will travel 30．inviting visit 31．D 32．B 33．A 34．E 35．C 36．Yes, we/I do. 37．I don't(do not) have any books. Do you have any books? Yes, I do. No, I don't. 38．Gao Shan's sister doesn't like playing table tennis./Gao Shan's sister does not like playing table tennis. 39．Does she live in a small town near New York? 40．Do you watch TV every day? 41．We don't have four lessons./We do not have four lessons. 42．Nancy runs fast. 43．not as 44．How long 45．can’t turn 46．Does work 47．What does 48．Why do you like your sister? 49．Who is your favourite teacher?/ Who’s your favourite teacher? 50．We will go to the park if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 51．What will you do if your best friend is ill? 52．Challenges will make you powerful, wise, and strong. $