专题02 语法（专项训练）五升六年级英语暑假专项提升（教科版广州）

**基本信息** 聚焦小学英语核心语法，以“技巧-实践”双模块构建体系，通过规则梳理、对比辨析及情境应用，系统培养语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |答题技巧|5大语法点（含时态、介词等）+规则口诀|定义-用法-结构-特例分层讲解，对比辨析（如will/be going to）|从概念到应用，衔接初中语法（如现在进行时表将来）| |小试牛刀|8类题型（单选/填空/阅读等）55题|情境化任务（信件/短文）强化语法综合运用|由基础到综合，覆盖高频考点与易错点|

专题02 语法 · 内容导航 · 01：答题技巧 02：小试牛刀 答题技巧 （一）现在进行时 1. 定义及用法。 1) 表示说话的此时此刻正在进行的动作或事情，常与now、right now、at present、at the moment、at this time、Look和Listen等连用。 My mother is cooking in the kitchen. 我的妈妈正在厨房里做饭。 It is snowing now. 现在正在下雪。 2) 表示当前一段时间内正在进行的动作（说话时不一定在进行），常与this week、this month、these days等短语连用。 They are doing an important experiment these days. 这段时间他们正在做一个非常重要的实验。 I am writing a fiction this month. 这个月我正在写小说。 3) 表示即将到来或很快发生的事，常见动词有do、come、go、leave、start、arrive、return等。 Spring Festival is coming. 春节就要来了。 I am leaving for China next month. 下个月我将动身去中国。 2. 结构。 1) 肯定句：主语+be(am, is, are)+动词ing+其它 I am listening to music. 我正在听音乐。 2) 否定句：主语+be(am, is, are)+not+动词ing+其它 I am not listening to music. 我没在听音乐。 3) 一般疑问句：Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+动词ing+其它 Are you listening to music? 你正在听音乐吗？ 3. 动词现在分词的变化规则。 ①一般在动词的词尾加ing。 do→doing play→playing ②以不发音的e结尾的词，去e，再加ing。 come→coming write→writing ③以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing。 sit→sitting plan→planning ④以字母ie结尾的词，将ie改成y，再加ing die→dying lie→lying tie→tying （二）一般将来时 1. 定义及用法。 表示将要发生的事情或动作，经常与tomorrow、next time/week/month/year、in…minutes/hours/days/weeks等连用。 2. 结构。 1) will 肯定句：主语+will+动词原形+其它 We will play chess after school. 放学后，我们将下象棋。 否定句：主语+will not（won’t）+动词原形+其它 We won’t play chess after school. 放学后，我们不下象棋。 一般疑问句：Will+主语+动词原形+其它 Will you play chess after school? 放学后，你们将要下象棋吗？ 2) be going to：表示打算、计划和安排好了的事情，也表示将要发生的动作或情况。 肯定句：主语+be going to+动词原形+其它 Sara is going to clean the house. Sara将要打扫房子。 否定句：主语+be not going to+动词原形+其它 Sara is not going to clean the house. Sara没打算要打扫房子。 一般疑问句：Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其它 Is Sara going to clean the house? Sara要打算打扫房子吗？ will和be going to的区别： ①will 表示较远的将来，而be going to 表示较近的将来。 There will be a strong wind in a few days. 几天后将有一场大风。 It is going to snow tonight. 今晚要下雪。 ②will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情，而be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情。  He will be twenty years old.他将要20岁了。 Look at the clouds outside. It is going to rain. 看外面的云，天要下雨了。 ③be going to含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思。 She is going to plant trees. 她准备去种树。 ④注意：will 和be going to不能混用  He will be going to read a book tomorrow. 初中语法抢先知：现在进行时表将来 适用词汇：go（去）, come（来）, leave（离开）, arrive（到达）, start（开始）, finish（结束）, meet（见面）, fly（飞行）, have（举行/吃）, do（做）, move（搬家） 例句： I am flying to Shanghai next Monday.（我下周一要飞往上海。） They are meeting their teacher at 3 PM.（他们下午3点要见老师。） We are having a party this weekend.（我们这周末要办派对。） （三）方位介词 介词 释义 用法 示例 on 在……的上面 两个物体的表面相互接触。 There is an apple on the table 在桌子上有一个苹果。 over 在……的正上面 两个物体的表面没有接触，在垂直的上方。 There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。 above 在……的上面 不一定是正上方，两个物体之间也没有接触。 The plane is flying above the city. 飞机在城市上方飞行。 under 在……的正方 强调正下方 There is a cat under the bed. 床下有一只猫。 below 在……的下方 不一定是正下方，两个物体之间没有接触。 The fields are below the sea level. 地面低于海平面。 in 在……的里面 表示在一个很大的空间内。 She is in Paris now.她现在在巴黎。 between 在……中间 在两者之间 He was sitting between two ladies. 他坐在两位女士的中间。 behind 在……的后面 和in front of互为反义词 Oliver hid behind tree. Oliver 藏在树的后面。 in front of 在……前面 两个物体互不包括 There are some trees in front of the building. 在这建筑物前面有很多树。 next to 紧挨着 两个物体离着比较近 The cinema locates next to the hospital. 电影院在医院附近。 beside 在……旁边 两个物体离着比较近，但不挨着 A football is beside the door. 一个足球在门的旁边。 near 在……附近 表示的距离没有beside和next to近 The bus stop is near the supermarket.公交车站在超市附近。 around 在……周围 常表示某物体被很多动词围绕着 There are many tress around the house.房子被很多树围绕着。 （四）情态动词 情态动词，本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，一般与实义动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的态度，没有人称和数的变化。 1)肯定句变否定句，直接在情态动词后面加not。 2)肯定句变一般疑问句，直接将情态动词移到句首。 can/could can: 1)表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 I can speak English, Chinese and French. 我能说英语、中文和法语三种语言。 2)表示请求、允许。 Can you give me some flowers? 您能给我一些花吗？ 3)表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。 The hall can hold 500 people at least. 这个接待厅最少能容纳500人。 4)表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句。 Can this be true? 这是真的吗？ could: 1)can的过去式， “能、会” ，表示过去的能力、可能性或允许。 He could write poems when he was10. 他十岁时就会写诗。 2)在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去的意思。 如：Could you do me a favor? 您能帮我个忙吗？ may/might 1) 表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉，might不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t、mustn’t，表示 “不可以，禁止” 。 -May I borrow this book? 我能借这本书吗？ -Yes, you can. (No, you can’t/mustn’t.) 可以。（不可以。） Might I have some wine? 我能喝一些白酒吗？ 2) 表示祝愿，用于祈使句。 May you happy. 祝你幸福。 3) 表示推测、可能性（用于肯定句和否定句），might的语气更不坚定，表示可能性更小。 He may study at home now. 他现在也许正在家里学习。 He might know the answer. 他可能知道答案。 will/would 1) 表请求，would的语气比will更委婉。 Will / Would you come to see me tomorrow? 明天你能来看我吗？ 2) 表意志、决心或愿望。 Surely, we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace. 我们一定支持全世界人民争取和平的斗争。 He would not let me eat the ice cream. 他不允许我吃冰淇淋。 3) 表可能性。 This will be the book you are looking for. 这可能就是你要找的书。 She would be about 60 when she died. 她死时大概60岁。 must/have to must: 表示说话人的主观思想，强调个人的意志和主观的决心。 1) 表示必须、必要，后接动词原形。 You must finish your homework tonight. 你今晚必须完成家庭作业。 2) 否定句结构：must+not，表示“不允许，禁止”。 You must not (mustn’t) smoke in the public. 公共场合禁止吸烟。 3) 一般疑问句，把must提前，肯定回答用must。否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。 -Must I send the financial report to you before ten? 我必须在十点之前把财务报告发给您吗？ -Yes，you must. 是的，必须。 -No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 不需要。 shall/should shall: 1) 主语是第一人称时，表建议或者是征求对方的意见。 Shall we go now? 我们现在走吗？ 2) 陈述句中，主语是第二人称和第三人称时，表命令、警告、允诺等。 The students shall wear uniforms at school. 学生应该在学校穿校服。 He shall watch TV when he finished his homework. 他完成作业就可以看电视。 should: 1) 表义务或责任。 We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。 2) 表建议或劝告。 You should stop smoking. 你应该戒烟。 need： need作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。 You needn’t come so early. 你不必这么早来。 —Need I finish the work today? 我有必要今天完成作业吗？ —Yes, you must. (No, you needn’t.) 是的，你必须。（不，你不必。） （五）基数词和序数词 基数词变序数词口诀 一二三，特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d；th，四加起，八去t，九去e； y结尾，改ie；ve结尾变f，five、twelve两兄弟； 若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。 小试牛刀 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1．—What are you going to do this weekend? —______. A．I’m playing table tennis B．I’ll visit a farm C．I went shopping ( ) 2．The Webbs will ______ on the river in the afternoon of May 2nd. A．go boating B．cook C．check in ( ) 3．In autumn, people often ______. A．make snowmen B．fly kites C．go swimming ( ) 4．—Would you like to go camping with us? —______, but I have to study. A．Yes, please B．I’d love to C．No problem ( ) 5．—What’s your favourite ______? —Winter. I love skiing. A．month B．season C．weather ( ) 6．We played many ______ games at school. We had a good time. A．exciting B．excited C．excite ( ) 7．I am going to travel _______ my parents. A．with B．of C．or ( ) 8．David doesn’t like running. He doesn’t like swimming, ______. A．too B．also C．either ( ) 9．My mother goes to work ______ bus. A．on B．in C．by ( ) 10．—______?              —It is the first of April. A．What is it B．What is the date C．What day is it 二、选择适当的介词填空。(每词只选一次) of in on for with to by at 11．I usually go to school bus. 12．The Chen family will travel in Sichuan five days. 13．The eighth March is Women’s Day in China. 14．Teachers’ Day in China is September 10th. 15．Ann and Kate plan go to the zoo next Saturday. 16．My brother wants to play badminton me. 17．Classes begin a quarter to nine. 18．People usually plant trees spring. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 19．The bus will (arrive) at ten o'clock in the morning. 20．My mother (call) me last night. 21．This story (sound) fun. 22．The football match (begin) at 4:00 p.m. this afternoon. 23．Sam doesn’t (like) the hot weather. 24． Jim homework every day? (do) 四、连词成句。 25．will, at, you, do, the, village, what (?) _____________________________________________ 26．open, should, what, we, time, open, the, door (?) _____________________________________________ 27．time, what, we, should, at, the, station, train, arrive (?) _____________________________________________ 28．plan, I, have, to, party, a, Sunday, next (.) (I放于句首) _____________________________________________ 29．are, what, you, vacation, this, winter, doing (?) _____________________________________________ 五、读句子，选择合适的答句把字母编号写在括号内，有多余选项。 A．It’s on November 13rd. B．I will go to Shanghai and visit my friends. C．Go straight ahead, and turn left at the second crossing, then go straight, you can see it. D．It’s in March, and we can plant trees. E．Because (因为) it’s beautiful. F．Because her mother is going to buy a new doll for her. G．I am going to do my homework at 8: 00. ( ) 30．When is Tree Planting Day? ( ) 31．Where will you go on May Day holiday? ( ) 32．Why is the little girl so excited? ( ) 33．Can you tell me the way to the cinema? ( ) 34．When is Jack’s birthday? 六、句型转换。 35．I’m going to see a film this Sunday? (对画线部分提问) _____________________________________________ 36．Would you like to go with us?（肯定回答） _____________________________________________ 37．I’m working on the computer. (对画线部分提问) _____________________________________________ 38．The competition will be on February 20th.  (对画线部分提问) _____________________________________________ 39．Winter is from November to January. (变为一般疑问句) _____________________________________________ 七、选择适当的单词或词组填空，把短文补充完整。 The summer holiday begins next week. Lucy and Tom 40 (are talking, will talk) about their travel plans now. Lucy’s family 41 (visit, will visit) Sanya every summer. This year, they 42 (staying, will stay) there for five days. Lucy wants 43 (swim, to swim) in the sea (海). She also plans to enjoy the seafood and go mountain climbing. Tom’s family will have a trip to Beijing 44 (by, for) a week. They will visit the Great Wall. Tom also 45 (wants, wanting) to go to the science museum. “This is my 46 (one, first) trip to Beijing. I am so 47 (excited, exciting)! I’m sure we will have a good time,” he says. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 八、【新语篇·信件】读邀请信，选择适当的单词或词组把邀请信补充完整。 Dear David, I’d like to invite you to my birthday party 48 (in / on) July 9th. I hope you will come on this special day. The party will be at my house. It will begin 49 (at / in) 4:00 p. m. In the party, we 50 (sing, are going to sing), dance, play games and watch cartoons. We 51 (will eat / are eating) birthday cake too. My mother is good at 52 (cook / cooking). She 53 (makes / will make) a chocolate cake for us. In the evening, we will have a BBQ in the garden. It’s 54 (a / an) exciting party. I am sure we will have fun together. If you are coming, please call me 55 (on / at) 8429-5816. See you at the party. Yours, Li Hua 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 参考答案 第 1 页 共 8 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．by 12．for 13．of 14．on 15．to 16．with 17．at 18．in 19．arrive 20．called 21．sounds 22．will begin 23．like 24．Does do 25．What will you do at the village? 26．What time should we open the door? 27．What time should we arrive at the train station? 28．I plan to have a party next Sunday. 29．What are you doing this winter vacation? 30．D 31．B 32．F 33．C 34．A 35．What are you going to do this Sunday? 36．Yes, I’d love to. 37．What are you doing? 38．When will the competition be? 39．Is winter from November to January? 40．are talking 41．visit 42．will stay 43．to swim 44．for 45．wants 46．first 47．excited 48．on 49．at 50．are going to sing 51．will eat 52．cooking 53．will make 54．an 55．at $