暑假作业01 句子成分（巩固培优）高一英语通用版

**基本信息** 聚焦句子成分核心概念，通过多题型梯度训练夯实语言能力，构建“概念认知-基础应用-综合语境”的知识逻辑链。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |概念讲解|定义+7大成分解析|系统阐释句子主体（主语/谓语）及修饰成分（定语/状语等）的句法功能|从核心成分定义出发，逐步拓展至次要成分的表意作用，形成完整句子结构认知框架| |基础应用|单选15题+语法填空35题|考查词汇辨析、词形转换（如diverse→diversity）及基础语法规则（冠词/连词等）|以句子成分为依托，强化词汇-语法-句法的内在关联，提升语言理解与表达准确性| |综合应用|句型转换10题+短文语法填空2篇|语境化考查句型转换（倒装/强调句）及语篇语法应用（时态/非谓语等）|从单句结构分析过渡到语篇层面的综合运用，培养基于句子成分的逻辑思维与问题解决能力|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业01 句子成分 一、定义 句子是一个完整的意义单位，由不同的句子成分构成。其中，最重要的成分就是主语和谓语，分别表明句子的主体和主体的动作或状态。此外，句子成分还包括宾语、表语、状语、宾语补足语等，它们共同组成了英语中的基本句型，并承担不同的表意功能。 二、句子成分 1. 主语：主语是句子的主体，通常是名词或代词，表示动作的执行者或被描述的主体。 2. 谓语：谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明。 3. 宾语：宾语是动作的对象或承受者。有些动词可以带两个宾语，即间接宾语和直接宾语。 4. 表语: 用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征和状态，通常出现在系动词之后。 5. 定语：修饰名词或代词，说明其特征、性质、数量、所属等。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等充当。 6. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词短语或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式等。 7. 补语：补充说明主语或宾语的信息，使其意义更加完整。通常跟在动词或宾语后面。补语可以分为两类：主语补语和宾语补语。 一、单项选择 1．Staying positive can help you overcome difficulties, but negative thoughts ________ your progress in life. A．hold up B．hold back C．hold on D．hold out 2．With so many tasks to finish, he has no time to ________ his old hobbies like reading and painting. A．appeal to B．attend to C．add to D．adapt to 3．Many people choose to work hard ________ their dreams, rather than give up easily when facing failures. A．in favor of B．in search of C．in charge of D．in need of 4．________ with courage and determination, we can face any challenge and achieve our life goals. A．Equipped B．Equipping C．To equip D．Having equipped 5．The lecture given by the professor is worth ________, as it offers practical advice on college learning. A．attending B．to attend C．being attended D．to be attended 6．We are looking forward to ________ the senior high school life and making more true friends there. A．experience B．experiencing C．experienced D．to experience 7．Regular exercise and a balanced diet ________ physical health and reduce the risk of many diseases. A．preserve B．predict C．present D．pretend 8．It is important to ________ your spare time wisely to improve yourself and develop your abilities. A．employ B．explore C．explode D．employ 9．Learning to be ________ is important, as it helps you make right decisions and solve problems independently. A．considerate B．curious C．confident D．creative 10．A ________ attitude toward life can bring you more happiness and help you get along well with others. A．violent B．positive C．precious D．severe 11．We should ________ speak politely and listen carefully when communicating with teachers and classmates. A．directly B．frequently C．always D．hardly 12．If you study ________ and keep practicing, you will surely make great progress in your English learning. A．passively B．regularly C．rarely D．nervously 13．So far, many meaningful activities ________ in our school to enrich students’ after-school life. A．are held B．were held C．have been held D．will be held 14．These good habits ________ in our daily life, and they will benefit us in our future study and work. A．should form B．should be formed C．formed D．are forming 15．When you feel stressed, taking a deep breath and relaxing yourself ________ you calm down quickly. A．allows B．admits C．affects D．appreciates 二、单句语法填空 16. We should show respect for different cultures and value the ________ (diverse) of the world. 17. With ________ (determine) and patience, we can overcome any difficulty on the way to success. 18. Reading widely can broaden our horizons and enrich our ________ (know) about the world. 19. It is ________ (amaze) how a small act of kindness can bring great warmth to those in need. 20. Keeping a balanced diet is ________ (benefit) to both our physical health and mental state. 21. We should deal with problems ________ (calm) instead of getting anxious or losing our temper. 22. If we work ________ (regular) and keep focused, we will surely make steady progress in study. 23. ________ (a) unusual experience can teach us valuable lessons and shape our personalities. 24. As students, we should make ________ most of every minute to improve our overall abilities. 25. I am grateful to my teachers, ________ have guided and encouraged me all the time. 26. Stick to your dreams ________ you may meet countless challenges along the way. 27. We should learn to regard mistakes ________ chances to improve ourselves and grow stronger. 28. We can communicate ________ our parents openly to reduce misunderstandings and build trust. 29. ________ is important to reflect on our behavior and correct our shortcomings in time. 30. No one can achieve success alone, so we should learn to depend on ________ (we) and cooperate with others. 31. Reading widely enriches our minds and ________ (strength) our ability to analyze complex problems in daily life. 32. ________ (face) various challenges, teenagers should keep positive and stick to their original dreams firmly. 33. It is persistent efforts rather than temporary talent ________ help us make steady progress in study and life. 34. We are supposed to take an active part in social activities ________ (broaden) our horizons and enrich our spare time. 35. Only by balancing study and rest can we maintain a healthy state and improve ________ (we) learning efficiency constantly. 一、句型转换 1．We took action to protect the endangered animals at once. (句型转换) →We ________ to protect the endangered animals at once. 2．I have read the novel. My deskmate recommended it to me last week. (用定语从句合并句子) →I have read the novel ________. 3．When will we hold the class meeting? It has not been decided yet. (用名词性从句合并句子) →________ has not been decided yet. 4．You won’t make progress unless you keep practicing every day. (用状语从句同义改写) → every day, you won’t make progress. 5．I realized the importance of time only after I entered senior high school. (改为倒装句) →Only after I entered senior high school ________ the importance of time. 6．He helps me with my English every weekend. (改为强调句，强调主语 he) →________ helps me with my English every weekend. 7．She is not only good at singing but also she does well in dancing. (用并列结构简化句子) →She is good at ________ singing ________ dancing. 8．I don’t know how I can communicate with my parents better. (用“疑问词+不定式”改写) →I don’t know ________ with my parents better. 9．We can improve our English effectively by sticking to daily reading and writing.（改为倒装句） →Only by sticking to daily reading and writing ________ our English effectively. 10．The book is very inspiring. It teaches us to cherish every precious moment in life.（用定语从句合并句子） →The book ________ is very inspiring. 二、完成句子 11．It is wise to make a before taking action in case of unexpected problems. 12．Learning to stress properly is of great importance for senior high school students. 13．The atmosphere in the classroom helps students focus on their study efficiently. 14．We should value the time we spend with our family in daily life. 15．We should keep positive minds difficulties and challenges in our life journey. 16．A sincere ________ between teachers and students can promote mutual progress in study and life. 17．We should actively ________ various social activities to enrich our after-school experience. 18．A ________ attitude towards failure enables students to grow stronger in the process of learning. 19．Only by working hard can we ________ realize our dreams and achieve our life goals. 20．We must stay calm and brave ________ emergencies that may happen in daily life. 三、英汉互译 21．只有不断反思自身不足，我们才能稳步提升自我，收获成长。(reflect on)（汉译英） 22．真诚地对待身边的人，是构建良好人际关系的关键。(sincerely)（汉译英） 【答案】Treating people around us sincerely is the key to building good interpersonal relationships. 23．合理规划每日时间，能帮助我们高效完成各项学习任务。(properly)（汉译英） 24．面对挫折时保持耐心，终会帮我们渡过难关实现目标。(patience)（汉译英） 【答案】Keeping patience when facing setbacks will eventually help us overcome difficulties and achieve our goals. 25．积极参与集体活动，有助于我们培养责任感和团队精神。(take part in)（汉译英） 【答案】Taking an active part in collective activities helps us develop a sense of responsibility and team spirit. 26．学会理性看待得失，能让我们以平和心态面对生活中的各种挑战。(reasonable)（汉译英） 27．坚持终身学习的习惯，是我们紧跟时代步伐、不断突破自我的重要途径。(stick to)（汉译英） 28．懂得感恩生活中的点滴美好，我们的人生才会充满温暖与希望。(grateful)（汉译英） 29．主动包容他人的差异，能够有效化解矛盾、营造和谐的相处氛围。(tolerate)（汉译英） 30．正视自身的缺点并及时改正，是个人成长与进步的关键所在。(face up to)（汉译英） 短文语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. A Qingming Festival, also 1 (call) Tomb-Sweeping Day, is one of the most important 2 (tradition) festivals in China. It usually 3 (fall) on April 4th or 5th every year. This festival has two main 4 (mean): remembering ancestors and enjoying spring. On this day, the traffic is sometimes 5 (horrible) crowded, but families still make their way to the tombs of their dead relatives on this day. They clean the tombs, remove weeds and place flowers or food in front of 6 . Through these activities, people show their respect and love for their family members who have passed away. It is a time to value family ties. Besides 7 (honor) the dead, Qingming is also a perfect time to go out and enjoy the warm spring weather. The temperature is comfortable, trees turn green and flowers bloom. Few occasions are more relaxing than a spring outing to get away 8 busy daily life. Qingming Festival is a special occasion 9 unique charm lies in connecting the sadness of missing the dead with the joy of welcoming spring. It carries traditional Chinese culture and reminds us 10 (cherish) our family and the beautiful life we have now. B Dumplings, or Jiaozi in Chinese, are more than just delicious food. They are a symbol of home and warmth. With a history of over 1,800 years, dumplings 1 (love) by people across China and the world. Legend has it that Zhang Zhongjing invented Jiaozi. He created them 2 (cure) frostbitten ears (冻耳) in a cold winter. He wrapped mutton and herbs in dough and shaped them like ears. After 3 (eat) the soup and dumplings, the patients recovered. Today, making dumplings 4 (be) important during the Spring Festival. It is a time for family reunion. Family members gather to prepare fillings and make dough. Some hide a coin in a dumpling, and the person 5 finds it will have good luck. There are many 6 (variety) of dumplings. They can be boiled, steamed or fried. Fillings range from pork and cabbage 7 beef and carrot. Creative fillings have also become 8 (popularity). For overseas students, making dumplings connects them with their culture. “When I make dumplings, I feel at home in my mother’s kitchen,” says Li Ming. Whether at a holiday dinner 9 a simple meal, hot dumplings bring happiness and 10 (satisfy). It is a dish that connects the past and the present. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业01 句子成分 一、定义 句子是一个完整的意义单位，由不同的句子成分构成。其中，最重要的成分就是主语和谓语，分别表明句子的主体和主体的动作或状态。此外，句子成分还包括宾语、表语、状语、宾语补足语等，它们共同组成了英语中的基本句型，并承担不同的表意功能。 二、句子成分 1. 主语：主语是句子的主体，通常是名词或代词，表示动作的执行者或被描述的主体。 2. 谓语：谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明。 3. 宾语：宾语是动作的对象或承受者。有些动词可以带两个宾语，即间接宾语和直接宾语。 4. 表语: 用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征和状态，通常出现在系动词之后。 5. 定语：修饰名词或代词，说明其特征、性质、数量、所属等。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等充当。 6. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词短语或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式等。 7. 补语：补充说明主语或宾语的信息，使其意义更加完整。通常跟在动词或宾语后面。补语可以分为两类：主语补语和宾语补语。 一、单项选择 1．Staying positive can help you overcome difficulties, but negative thoughts ________ your progress in life. A．hold up B．hold back C．hold on D．hold out 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：保持积极能帮你克服困难，但消极想法会阻碍你人生中的进步。A. hold up举起，耽搁；B. hold back阻碍，抑制；C. hold on坚持，等一下；D. hold out维持，伸出。根据语境应选“阻碍”，故选B。 2．With so many tasks to finish, he has no time to ________ his old hobbies like reading and painting. A．appeal to B．attend to C．add to D．adapt to 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：有这么多任务要完成，他没时间顾及阅读、绘画这些旧爱好。A. appeal to吸引，呼吁；B. attend to处理，照顾，顾及；C. add to增加；D. adapt to适应。故选B。 3．Many people choose to work hard ________ their dreams, rather than give up easily when facing failures. A．in favor of B．in search of C．in charge of D．in need of 【答案】B 【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：许多人努力工作追寻梦想，而非遭遇失败时轻易放弃。A. in favor of支持；B. in search of寻找，追寻；C. in charge of负责；D. in need of需要。故选B。 4．________ with courage and determination, we can face any challenge and achieve our life goals. A．Equipped B．Equipping C．To equip D．Having equipped 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：具备勇气和决心，我们就能面对任何挑战，实现人生目标。be equipped with表示“配备有，具备”，逻辑主语we与equip为被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故选A。 5．The lecture given by the professor is worth ________, as it offers practical advice on college learning. A．attending B．to attend C．being attended D．to be attended 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：教授的讲座值得一听，因为它提供了大学学习的实用建议。be worth doing为固定用法，主动表被动，意为“值得做某事”。故选A。 6．We are looking forward to ________ the senior high school life and making more true friends there. A．experience B．experiencing C．experienced D．to experience 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们期待体验高中生活，并在那里结交更多真心朋友。look forward to中to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故选B。 7．Regular exercise and a balanced diet ________ physical health and reduce the risk of many diseases. A．preserve B．predict C．present D．pretend 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：规律锻炼与均衡饮食保护身体健康，降低多种疾病风险。A. preserve保护，维护；B. predict预测；C. present呈现；D. pretend假装。故选A。 8．It is important to ________ your spare time wisely to improve yourself and develop your abilities. A．employ B．explore C．explode D．employ 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：明智利用课余时间提升自我、培养能力十分重要。A. employ使用，利用；B. explore探索；C. explode爆发；D. inspire激励。故选A。 9．Learning to be ________ is important, as it helps you make right decisions and solve problems independently. A．considerate B．curious C．confident D．creative 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学会自信很重要，它能帮你做出正确决定并独立解决问题。A. considerate体贴的；B. curious好奇的；C. confident自信的；D. creative有创造力的。故选C。 10．A ________ attitude toward life can bring you more happiness and help you get along well with others. A．violent B．positive C．precious D．severe 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：积极的人生态度能带来更多快乐，帮你与他人友好相处。A. violent暴力的；B. positive积极的；C. precious珍贵的；D. severe严厉的。故选B。 11．We should ________ speak politely and listen carefully when communicating with teachers and classmates. A．directly B．frequently C．always D．hardly 【答案】C 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：与老师同学交流时，我们应始终礼貌说话、认真倾听。A. directly直接地；B. frequently频繁地；C. always总是，始终；D. hardly几乎不。故选C。 12．If you study ________ and keep practicing, you will surely make great progress in your English learning. A．passively B．regularly C．rarely D．nervously 【答案】B 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你规律学习并坚持练习，英语学习一定会取得巨大进步。A. passively被动地；B. regularly定期地，规律地；C. rarely很少；D. nervously紧张地。故选B。 13．So far, many meaningful activities ________ in our school to enrich students’ after-school life. A．are held B．were held C．have been held D．will be held 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词时态语态辨析。句意：到目前为止，我校已举办许多有意义的活动来丰富学生课余生活。so far为现在完成时标志，activities与hold为被动关系，用现在完成时被动语态。故选C。 14．These good habits ________ in our daily life, and they will benefit us in our future study and work. A．should form B．should be formed C．formed D．are forming 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态语态辨析。句意：这些好习惯应在日常生活中养成，它们将有益于我们未来的学习和工作。habits与form为被动关系，应用被动语态，should后接动词原形。故选B。 15．When you feel stressed, taking a deep breath and relaxing yourself ________ you calm down quickly. A．allows B．admits C．affects D．appreciates 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：感到压力大时，深呼吸放松能让你快速平静下来。A. allows使能够，允许；B. admits承认；C. affects影响；D. appreciates感激，欣赏。故选A。 二、单句语法填空 16. We should show respect for different cultures and value the ________ (diverse) of the world. 【答案】diversity 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们应尊重不同文化，珍视世界的多样性。定冠词the后接名词，diversity“多样性”为不可数名词，作动词value的宾语。故填diversity。 17. With ________ (determine) and patience, we can overcome any difficulty on the way to success. 【答案】determination 【解析】考查名词。句意：凭借决心与耐心，我们能克服成功路上的任何困难。介词with后接名词，determination“决心”为不可数名词。故填determination。 18. Reading widely can broaden our horizons and enrich our ________ (know) about the world. 【答案】knowledge 【解析】考查名词。句意：广泛阅读能拓宽视野，丰富我们对世界的认知。形容词性物主代词our后接名词，knowledge为不可数名词。故填knowledge。 19. It is ________ (amaze) how a small act of kindness can bring great warmth to those in need. 【答案】amazing 【解析】考查形容词。句意：小小的善举能给困境中的人带来巨大温暖，这令人惊叹。空处作表语，修饰事物，用形容词amazing“令人惊叹的”。故填amazing。 20. Keeping a balanced diet is ________ (benefit) to both our physical health and mental state. 【答案】beneficial 【解析】考查形容词。句意：保持均衡饮食对身心健康都有益。be beneficial to为固定搭配，意为“对……有益”。故填beneficial。 21. We should deal with problems ________ (calm) instead of getting anxious or losing our temper. 【答案】calmly 【解析】考查副词。句意：我们应冷静处理问题，而非焦虑或发脾气。空处修饰动词短语deal with，应用副词形式。故填calmly。 22. If we work ________ (regular) and keep focused, we will surely make steady progress in study. 【答案】regularly 【解析】考查副词。句意：如果规律学习并保持专注，我们在学业上定会稳步进步。空处修饰动词work，应用副词形式。故填regularly。 23. ________ (a) unusual experience can teach us valuable lessons and shape our personalities. 【答案】An 【解析】考查冠词。句意：一段不寻常的经历能教会我们宝贵经验，塑造我们的性格。unusual以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填An。 24. As students, we should make ________ most of every minute to improve our overall abilities. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：作为学生，我们应充分利用每一分钟提升综合能力。make the most of为固定短语，意为“充分利用”。故填the。 25. I am grateful to my teachers, ________ have guided and encouraged me all the time. 【答案】who 【解析】考查连词（关系代词）。句意：我感激老师，他们一直指导并鼓励我。先行词为teachers，指人，非限制性定语从句用who引导。故填who。 26. Stick to your dreams ________ you may meet countless challenges along the way. 【答案】though/although 【解析】考查连词。句意：坚持梦想，尽管途中你可能遇到无数挑战。空处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”。故填though/although。 27. We should learn to regard mistakes ________ chances to improve ourselves and grow stronger. 【答案】as 【解析】考查介词。句意：我们应把错误当作提升自我、变得更强的机会。regard…as…为固定搭配，意为“把……当作……”。故填as。 28. We can communicate ________ our parents openly to reduce misunderstandings and build trust. 【答案】with 【解析】考查介词。句意：我们可以和父母坦诚沟通，减少误解，建立信任。communicate with sb.为固定搭配，意为“与某人交流”。故填with。 29. ________ is important to reflect on our behavior and correct our shortcomings in time. 【答案】It 【解析】考查代词。句意：及时反思行为、改正缺点十分重要。此处It作形式主语，真正主语为后面的不定式。故填It。 30. No one can achieve success alone, so we should learn to depend on ________ (we) and cooperate with others. 【答案】ourselves 【解析】考查代词。句意：无人能独自成功，因此我们应学会依靠自己并与他人合作。depend on oneself意为“依靠自己”，主语为we，应用反身代词。故填ourselves。 31. Reading widely enriches our minds and ________ (strength) our ability to analyze complex problems in daily life. 【答案】strengthens 【解析】考查谓语动词（句子主干成分）。句意：广泛阅读充实头脑，增强我们分析日常复杂问题的能力。and连接并列谓语，主语为动名词单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填strengthens。 32. ________ (face) various challenges, teenagers should keep positive and stick to their original dreams firmly. 【答案】Facing 【解析】考查非谓语动词（状语成分）。句意：面对各种挑战，青少年应保持积极心态，坚定坚守初心。主句主语teenagers与face为主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语。故填Facing。 33. It is persistent efforts rather than temporary talent ________ help us make steady progress in study and life. 【答案】that 【解析】考查强调句型（句子结构成分）。句意：是持之以恒的努力而非一时天赋，助力我们在学习生活中稳步前行。本句为It is...that...强调句型，强调句子主语。故填that。 34. We are supposed to take an active part in social activities ________ (broaden) our horizons and enrich our spare time. 【答案】to broaden 【解析】考查非谓语动词（目的状语成分）。句意：我们应积极参与社会实践，以此开阔视野、丰富课余生活。不定式在句中作目的状语，表动作的目的。故填to broaden。 35. Only by balancing study and rest can we maintain a healthy state and improve ________ (we) learning efficiency constantly. 【答案】our 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词（定语成分）。句意：唯有劳逸结合，我们才能保持良好状态，持续提升自身学习效率。此处修饰名词learning efficiency，作定语，用形容词性物主代词。故填our。 一、句型转换 1．We took action to protect the endangered animals at once. (句型转换) →We ________ to protect the endangered animals at once. 【答案】did something 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我们立刻采取行动保护濒危动物。take action 与 do something 为同义固定表达，意为“采取行动”，时态保持一致。故填 did something。 2．I have read the novel. My deskmate recommended it to me last week. (用定语从句合并句子) →I have read the novel ________. 【答案】that my deskmate recommended to me last week 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为 the novel，指物，在从句中作宾语，可用 that/which 引导定语从句。故填 that my deskmate recommended to me last week。 3．When will we hold the class meeting? It has not been decided yet. (用名词性从句合并句子) →________ has not been decided yet. 【答案】When we will hold the class meeting 【解析】考查主语从句。用 when 引导主语从句，从句需使用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。故填 When we will hold the class meeting。 4．You won’t make progress unless you keep practicing every day. (用状语从句同义改写) → every day, you won’t make progress. 【答案】If you keep practicing 【解析】考查条件状语从句。unless = if…not，本句可直接用 if 引导条件状语从句，句意保持不变。故填 If you keep practicing。 5．I realized the importance of time only after I entered senior high school. (改为倒装句) →Only after I entered senior high school ________ the importance of time. 【答案】did I realize 【解析】考查倒装句。only + 状语置于句首时，句子需部分倒装，时态为一般过去时，用助动词 did 提前，后接动词原形。故填 did I realize。 6．He helps me with my English every weekend. (改为强调句，强调主语 he) →________ helps me with my English every weekend. 【答案】It is he that/who 【解析】考查强调句。强调句型为 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who…，本句强调主语 he，可用 that 或 who。故填 It is he that/who。 7．She is not only good at singing but also she does well in dancing. (用并列结构简化句子) →She is good at ________ singing ________ dancing. 【答案】both; and 【解析】考查并列句。not only…but also… 可同义替换为 both…and…，表示“既……又……”，使句子更简洁。故填 both; and。 8．I don’t know how I can communicate with my parents better. (用“疑问词+不定式”改写) →I don’t know ________ with my parents better. 【答案】how to communicate 【解析】考查名词性从句简化。宾语从句可简化为“疑问词 + to do”结构，作 know 的宾语，句子更简练。故填 how to communicate。 9．We can improve our English effectively by sticking to daily reading and writing.（改为倒装句） →Only by sticking to daily reading and writing ________ our English effectively. 【答案】can we improve 【解析】考查倒装句（状语成分）。only+方式状语置于句首，主句需部分倒装，将情态动词can提前。故填can we improve。 10．The book is very inspiring. It teaches us to cherish every precious moment in life.（用定语从句合并句子） →The book ________ is very inspiring. 【答案】that teaches us to cherish every precious moment in life 【解析】考查定语从句（定语成分）。先行词为the book指物，从句缺主语，用that引导从句修饰先行词。故填that teaches us to cherish every precious moment in life。 二、完成句子 11．It is wise to make a before taking action in case of unexpected problems. 【答案】preparation 【解析】考查名词。句意：在行动前做好准备以防突发问题是明智的。不定冠词a后接名词，preparation意为“准备”，符合语境。故答案为preparation。 12．Learning to stress properly is of great importance for senior high school students. 【答案】handle 【解析】考查动词。句意：学会恰当处理压力对高中生至关重要。不定式符号to后接动词原形，handle表示“处理”，契合句意。故答案为handle。 13．The atmosphere in the classroom helps students focus on their study efficiently. 【答案】harmonious 【解析】考查形容词。句意：教室里和谐的氛围帮助学生高效专注学习。修饰名词atmosphere需用形容词，harmonious意为“和谐的”，符合语境。故答案为harmonious。 14．We should value the time we spend with our family in daily life. 【答案】truly 【解析】考查副词。句意：在日常生活中我们应真正珍惜与家人共度的时光。修饰动词value需用副词，truly表示“真正地”，符合语法与句意。故答案为truly。 15．We should keep positive minds difficulties and challenges in our life journey. 【答案】in face of 【解析】考查短语。句意：在人生旅途中面对困难与挑战，我们应保持积极心态。根据句意，“面对”用短语in face of，符合句子结构与语境。故填in face of。 高考完成句子专项练习（句子成分专题 16-20） 16．A sincere ________ between teachers and students can promote mutual progress in study and life. 【答案】communication 【解析】考查名词。句意：师生之间真诚的交流能够促进学习和生活中的共同进步。不定冠词A后接可数名词单数作句子主语，communication意为“交流”，符合语境。故答案为communication。 17．We should actively ________ various social activities to enrich our after-school experience. 【答案】participate in 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我们应当积极参与各类社会实践活动，丰富课余经历。情态动词should后接动词原形短语，participate in表示“参与”，契合句意。故答案为participate in。 18．A ________ attitude towards failure enables students to grow stronger in the process of learning. 【答案】positive 【解析】考查形容词。句意：面对失败的积极心态能让学生在学习过程中不断成长。修饰名词attitude需用形容词作前置定语，positive意为“积极的”，符合语境。故答案为positive。 19．Only by working hard can we ________ realize our dreams and achieve our life goals. 【答案】gradually 【解析】考查副词。句意：唯有努力奋斗，我们才能逐步实现梦想、达成人生目标。修饰动词realize需用副词作状语，gradually表示“逐渐地”，贴合句意。故答案为gradually。 20．We must stay calm and brave ________ emergencies that may happen in daily life. 【答案】in case of 【解析】考查短语。句意：面对日常生活中可能发生的突发状况，我们必须沉着勇敢。根据句意，“以防、面对突发情况”用固定短语in case of，符合句子结构与语境。故答案为in case of。 三、英汉互译 21．只有不断反思自身不足，我们才能稳步提升自我，收获成长。(reflect on)（汉译英） 【答案】Only by constantly reflecting on our own shortcomings can we steadily improve ourselves and achieve growth. 【解析】考查短语、动词、副词和倒装结构。“反思”用短语reflect on；“不断”用副词constantly修饰动词；“提升自我”用动词improve；“稳步”用副词steadily；only+状语置于句首，句子用部分倒装结构，符合语法规则与句意。故可译为：Only by constantly reflecting on our own shortcomings can we steadily improve ourselves and achieve growth. 22．真诚地对待身边的人，是构建良好人际关系的关键。(sincerely)（汉译英） 【答案】Treating people around us sincerely is the key to building good interpersonal relationships. 【解析】考查副词、非谓语动词和名词。“真诚地”用副词sincerely修饰动词treat；动名词短语作主语；“人际关系”用名词短语interpersonal relationships；“……的关键”用the key to，to为介词，后接动名词。故翻译为：Treating people around us sincerely is the key to building good interpersonal relationships. 23．合理规划每日时间，能帮助我们高效完成各项学习任务。(properly)（汉译英） 【答案】Planning our daily time properly can help us finish all kinds of study tasks efficiently. 【解析】考查副词、非谓语动词和形容词。“合理地”用副词properly修饰动词plan；动名词作主语；“高效地”用副词efficiently修饰动词finish；“学习任务”用名词短语study tasks，句子结构清晰，符合高考写作表达习惯。故可译为：Planning our daily time properly can help us finish all kinds of study tasks efficiently. 24．面对挫折时保持耐心，终会帮我们渡过难关实现目标。(patience)（汉译英） 【答案】Keeping patience when facing setbacks will eventually help us overcome difficulties and achieve our goals. 【解析】考查名词、非谓语动词和动词。“耐心”用名词patience，作keep的宾语；“面对挫折”用现在分词短语作状语；“渡过难关”用动词短语overcome difficulties；“实现目标”用achieve our goals，时态为一般将来时。故翻译为：Keeping patience when facing setbacks will eventually help us overcome difficulties and achieve our goals. 25．积极参与集体活动，有助于我们培养责任感和团队精神。(take part in)（汉译英） 【答案】Taking an active part in collective activities helps us develop a sense of responsibility and team spirit. 【解析】考查短语、形容词和名词。“积极参与”用短语take an active part in，动名词作主语；“责任感”用名词短语a sense of responsibility；“团队精神”用team spirit，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故可译为：Taking an active part in collective activities helps us develop a sense of responsibility and team spirit. 高考英汉互译专项练习（句子成分专题 26-30） 26．学会理性看待得失，能让我们以平和心态面对生活中的各种挑战。(reasonable)（汉译英） 【答案】Learning to view gains and losses reasonably enables us to face various challenges in life with a peaceful mind. 【解析】考查副词、非谓语动词和句子主干成分。副词reasonably修饰动词view作状语；动名词短语作句子主语；enable sb. to do sth.作主干谓语结构，句式贴合高考写作规范。故翻译如上。 27．坚持终身学习的习惯，是我们紧跟时代步伐、不断突破自我的重要途径。(stick to)（汉译英） 【答案】Sticking to the habit of lifelong learning is an important way for us to keep up with the times and constantly break through ourselves. 【解析】考查动词短语、非谓语动词和表语成分。固定短语stick to意为“坚持”，动名词短语作主语；不定式作后置定语修饰way，句子主谓表结构完整，适配高考写作。故翻译如上。 28．懂得感恩生活中的点滴美好，我们的人生才会充满温暖与希望。(grateful)（汉译英） 【答案】Only by being grateful for every little beauty in life can our life be full of warmth and hope. 【解析】考查形容词、固定短语和倒装句式。be grateful for为固定搭配；only+介词短语置于句首，主句用部分倒装，优化句子结构，提升作文高级感。故翻译如上。 29．主动包容他人的差异，能够有效化解矛盾、营造和谐的相处氛围。(tolerate)（汉译英） 【答案】Taking the initiative to tolerate others’ differences can effectively resolve conflicts and create a harmonious getting-along atmosphere. 【解析】考查动词、非谓语动词和状语成分。动词tolerate作核心谓语；动名词短语作主语；副词effectively修饰并列谓语，句子成分完整，符合高考表达。故翻译如上。 30．正视自身的缺点并及时改正，是个人成长与进步的关键所在。(face up to)（汉译英） 【答案】Facing up to your own shortcomings and correcting them in time is the key to personal growth and progress. 【解析】考查动词短语、非谓语动词和主谓一致。固定短语face up to意为“正视”；并列动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，句式规范、适配高考写作。故翻译如上。 短文语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. A Qingming Festival, also 1 (call) Tomb-Sweeping Day, is one of the most important 2 (tradition) festivals in China. It usually 3 (fall) on April 4th or 5th every year. This festival has two main 4 (mean): remembering ancestors and enjoying spring. On this day, the traffic is sometimes 5 (horrible) crowded, but families still make their way to the tombs of their dead relatives on this day. They clean the tombs, remove weeds and place flowers or food in front of 6 . Through these activities, people show their respect and love for their family members who have passed away. It is a time to value family ties. Besides 7 (honor) the dead, Qingming is also a perfect time to go out and enjoy the warm spring weather. The temperature is comfortable, trees turn green and flowers bloom. Few occasions are more relaxing than a spring outing to get away 8 busy daily life. Qingming Festival is a special occasion 9 unique charm lies in connecting the sadness of missing the dead with the joy of welcoming spring. It carries traditional Chinese culture and reminds us 10 (cherish) our family and the beautiful life we have now. 【答案】 1．called 2．traditional 3．falls 4．meanings 5．horribly 6．them 7．honoring 8．from 9．whose 10．to cherish 【导语】文章主要讲述了中国清明节的习俗、意义及文化内涵。 1．called 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：清明节，也被称为“扫墓节”，是中国最重要的传统节日之一。Qingming Festival与call之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。 2．traditional 【解析】考查形容词。句意：清明节，也被称为“扫墓节”，是中国最重要的传统节日之一。空处修饰名词festivals，应用形容词作定语。故填traditional。 3．falls 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：它通常在每年的4月4日或5日。根据usually和every year可知用一般现在时，主语it为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填falls。 4．meanings 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：这个节日有两个主要含义：纪念祖先和享受春天。根据two main可知，此处应用可数名词复数形式。故填meanings。 5．horribly 【解析】考查副词。句意：交通有时非常拥挤。空处修饰形容词crowded，应用副词形式作状语。故填horribly。 6．them 【解析】考查代词。句意：他们打扫坟墓、清除杂草，并在它们前面摆放鲜花或食物。空处指代前文的tombs，作介词of的宾语，应用宾格形式。故填them。 7．honoring 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了纪念逝者，清明也是外出享受温暖春光的好时节。空处作介词besides的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填honoring。 8．from 【解析】考查介词。句意：很少有什么场合比春游更能让人远离繁忙的日常生活。get away from为固定搭配，意为“远离”。故填from。 9．whose 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：清明节是一个特殊的场合，其独特魅力在于将思念逝者的悲伤与迎接春天的喜悦联系在一起。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词occasion，且在从句中作定语修饰charm。故填whose。 10．to cherish 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它承载着中国传统文化，并提醒我们珍惜我们的家人和现在拥有的美好生活。remind sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“提醒某人做某事”。故填to cherish。 B Dumplings, or Jiaozi in Chinese, are more than just delicious food. They are a symbol of home and warmth. With a history of over 1,800 years, dumplings 1 (love) by people across China and the world. Legend has it that Zhang Zhongjing invented Jiaozi. He created them 2 (cure) frostbitten ears (冻耳) in a cold winter. He wrapped mutton and herbs in dough and shaped them like ears. After 3 (eat) the soup and dumplings, the patients recovered. Today, making dumplings 4 (be) important during the Spring Festival. It is a time for family reunion. Family members gather to prepare fillings and make dough. Some hide a coin in a dumpling, and the person 5 finds it will have good luck. There are many 6 (variety) of dumplings. They can be boiled, steamed or fried. Fillings range from pork and cabbage 7 beef and carrot. Creative fillings have also become 8 (popularity). For overseas students, making dumplings connects them with their culture. “When I make dumplings, I feel at home in my mother’s kitchen,” says Li Ming. Whether at a holiday dinner 9 a simple meal, hot dumplings bring happiness and 10 (satisfy). It is a dish that connects the past and the present. 【答案】 1．are loved 2．to cure 3．eating 4．is 5．who/that 6．varieties 7．to 8．popular 9．or 10．satisfaction 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了饺子悠久的起源传说、春节吃饺子的民俗寓意、多样的吃法馅料，以及饺子承载的家国情怀与文化意义。 1．are loved 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：饺子拥有一千八百多年的历史，深受全中国乃至全世界人们的喜爱。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语dumplings与love为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are loved。 2．to cure 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他制作饺子是为了在寒冬里治疗冻耳。此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to cure。 3．eating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：病人喝完汤吃完饺子后就恢复了。介词after后需接动名词作宾语。故填eating。 4．is 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：如今，包饺子在春节期间是一件十分重要的事。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，且为一般现在时。故填is。 5．who/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：有人会把一枚硬币包进饺子里，吃到这枚硬币的人将会迎来好运。先行词the person指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that引导。故填who/that。 6．varieties 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：饺子有着许许多多的种类。many修饰可数名词复数，variety需变为复数形式。故填varieties。 7．to 【解析】考查介词。句意：馅料从猪肉白菜到牛肉胡萝卜应有尽有。固定短语range from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填to。 8．popular 【解析】考查形容词。句意：创意馅料也变得流行起来。系动词become后接形容词作表语，popularity变为形容词popular。故填popular。 9．Whether 【解析】考查连词。句意：无论是节日盛宴还是家常便饭，热腾腾的饺子带来幸福与满足感。固定搭配whether…or…表示“无论……还是……”，句首首字母大写。故填Whether。 10．satisfaction 【解析】考查名词。句意：无论是节日盛宴还是家常便饭，热腾腾的饺子带来幸福与满足感。and连接并列名词，satisfy变为名词satisfaction。故填satisfaction。。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $