寒假作业01 句子成分和基本句型、简单句、并列句和复合句（巩固培优）高一英语译林版

限时练习：45min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业01句子成分和基本句型、简单句、并列句和复合句 考点一、句子基本成分 1. 主语(subject) 主语是句子所谈论的主体, 表明句子说的是谁或是什么。它一般放在谓语之前, 通常由名词(名词短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句等担任。 2. 谓语(verb) 谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语位于主语之后, 由动词担任。凡是由一个动词或动词词组构成的谓语, 无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下, 都被称为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。 3. 表语(predicative) 表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式及短语、副词、介词短语等充当。 4. 宾语(object) 宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象, 或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词的后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。 5. 宾语补足语(object complement) 有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整, 还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后, 一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。 6. 定语(attributive) 定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。 7. 状语(adverbial) 状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。注意：形容词作状语一般位于句首或者句末, 用来表示主语或宾语的特征或状态。 8. 同位语(appositive) 若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物, 并且语法功能也一样, 那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。 　　 考点二、七种基本句型 1. SV句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词) SV句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为: 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思, 这类动词叫不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 2. SVA句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语 3. SVO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 SVO句式的句型特点为: 谓语动词均为实义动词, 都是主语发出的动作, 但不能表达完整的意思, 必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当), 即动作的承受者, 才能表达完整的意思。SVO句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词, 后面一定要跟介词构成及物动词词组。 4. SVOA句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语 5. SVOO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 SVOO句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语; 一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面, 直接宾语在后面。 常见的接双宾语的及物动词(1)give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。(2)buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语。(3)ask, answer, take, cost等无法改变结构形式。 6. SVOC句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 SVOC句式中的动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语, 才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的, 直接跟在宾语之后。 7. SVP句式: 主语+连系动词+表语 SVP句式就是我们常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样, 谓语动词需用连系动词(主要是be动词), 表语多为形容词, 也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。 考点三、简单句、并列句和复合句 只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语)的句子称为简单句(simple sentence)。可以分为陈述句，疑问句，感叹句和祈使句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句(compound sentence)。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立, 互不依从, 但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系。并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号, 也可不用逗号(但however、therefore、otherwise等并列连词前后都常有逗号)。常见的并列句结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。 并列连词 并列连词(或连接副词)根据不同含义, 分为如下几类: (1)表示连接, 常用的有and、not only. . . but also、neither. . . nor等。 (2)表示转折, 常用的有but、yet、still、however、while等。 (3)表示选择, 常用的有or、or else、otherwise、either. . . or等。 (4)表示原因, 常用for。 (5)表示结果, 常用的有so、therefore。 主从复合句 1.连词 (1)从属连词: that(无词义), before(在……之前), whether(是否), after(在……之后), if(假如; 是否), since(既然; 自从), because(因为), as/so long as(只要), when(当……的时候), so that(以便) (2)连接代词: who, which, whom, what, whose等。 (3)连接副词: when, why, where, how (4)关系代词: who, which, whom, that, whose (5)关系副词: when, why, where 2.从句的作用和种类 从句在复合句中, 可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等, 因此, 可分为六类: 即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择 1．The machine doesn’t work. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．宾补 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：这台机器不运转了。主语（S）：The machine（这台机器）——动作的发出者；谓语（V）：doesn’t work（不运转）——由助动词“doesn’t”和实义动词 “work”构成，描述主语的动作或状态。由此可知，划线部分是谓语。故选B。 2．Which part is object complement (宾语补足语) of the sentence below? “I found her crying in the garden.” A．found B．her C．crying D．in the garden 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我发现她在花园里哭。分析句子结构可知，I是主语，found是谓语动词，her的宾语，crying是宾语补足语，in the garden是地点状语。故选C。 3．What is the function of the underlined part of the sentence “It is important to stick to it and work hard towards it”? A．Subject. B．Object. C．Adverbial. D．Attributive. 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：句子“坚持并努力实现它很重要”中下划线部分的作用是什么？这里是It is important to do...结构，It是形式主语，不定式为真正主语。故选A。 4．Which of the italicized parts is an object complement? A．She bought herself a new pair of overalls for her birthday. B．Finishing the task in just two days is considered impossible. C．We advise exchange students to make use of the opportunity. D．You must allow yourself some time to adapt to senior high school life. 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：哪个斜体部分是宾语补足语？选择项A斜体部分a new pair of overalls在句中作直接宾语；选择项B斜体部分impossible在句中作表语；选择项C斜体部分to make use of the opportunity在句中作宾语补足语；选择项D斜体部分some time在句中作宾语。故选C。 5．There is always something exciting to do. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：总有令人兴奋的事情要做。本句用there be句型，something“某事”为句子的主语。故选A。 6．Jack offered me some helpful advice. A．indirect object B．direct object C．adverbial D．attributive 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：杰克给了我一些有用的建议。A.indirect object间接宾语； B.direct object直接宾语；C. adverbial状语；D.attributive定语。本句主语为Jack，谓语为offered，间接宾语为me，指的是接受建议的人，所以划线部分为直接宾语，这是offered的对象，即被提供的具体内容。故选B。 7．The meeting held yesterday was important. A．verb B．object C．attributive D．adverbial 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子的基本结构与过去分词。句意：昨天举行的会议很重要。分析句子结构可知，主语为The meeting，谓语动词为系动词was，important为表语；held yesterday位于名词之后，修饰名词，所以为定语。故选C。 8．Which of the underlined part is the object (宾语) of the sentence? The naughty boy luckily avoided being caught by the policeman. A．The naughty boy B．avoided C．being caught D．the policeman 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：那个顽皮的男孩侥幸没有被警察抓住。分析句子结构可知，The naughty boy 在句中作主语；avoided在句中作谓语；being caught在句中作宾语；the policeman作catch这个动作的执行者，是介词 by的宾语。故选C。 9．He came up with a clever idea to solve this problem. 划线部分的成分是____? A．Verb B．Object C．Adverbial D．Object complement 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：他想出了一个聪明的解决这个问题的办法。A. Verb动词；B. Object宾语；C. Adverbial状语；D. Object complement宾语补足语。划线部分a clever idea是came up with的宾语，属于句子的对象。故选B。 10．The dolphin’s ability to please humans has made it one of our favorites in the animal kingdom. (选出本句中的状语) ________ A．one of our favorites B．to please humans C．in the animal kingdom D．The dolphin’s ability 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：海豚取悦人类的能力使它成为动物王国中我们最喜欢的动物之一。A. one of our favorites：这是made的宾语补足语，用来描述it（即海豚取悦人类的能力）的结果或状态，不是状语；B. to please humans：这是ability的后置定语，用来描述海豚的哪种能力，不是状语；C. in the animal kingdom：这个短语描述了favorites的范围，即“在动物界中”，符合状语的定义——用来描述动作、状态或方式等的附加信息，在这里，它修饰了favorites，说明了是在哪个范围内（动物界）成为最受欢迎的；D. The dolphin’s ability：这是句子的主语，不是状语。故选C。 11．China / became / the third country in the world/ to independently send humans into space in 2003. A．主+谓+宾+宾补 B．主+系+表+状 C．主+系+表+定 D．主+谓+宾+状 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。China是主语；became是系动词；the third country in the world是表语，其中the third country是中心词，in the world是后置定语，修饰country，说明是在世界范围内的排名；to independently send humans into space in 2003是不定式短语作定语，修饰名词短语the third country in the world，名词前有序数词修饰，其后用不定式作定语。故选C。 12．Alice is doing her homework in the study. A．S+O+A B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+O+A D．S+V+O+C 【答案】C 【详解】考查基本句型。句意：爱丽丝正在书房里做作业。“Alice”是主语（S），“is doing”是谓语（V），“her homework”是宾语（O），“in the study”是状语（A）。所以句子结构为S+V+O+A。故选C。 13．句子成分分析正确的一项是：（   ） He bought me some interesting English novels. A．S＋V＋O+ A B．S＋V＋DO+ IO C．S＋V＋IO+ DO D．S+V+O+C 【答案】C 【详解】考查基本句型。句意：他给我买了几本有趣的英文小说。在本句中，代词He为主语（S），动词buy作谓语（V）使用了一般过去时，代词宾格me作间接宾语（IO）名词短语some interesting English novels作直接宾语（DO）。故选C项。 14．Charles noticed a woman enter the restaurant. (判断句子结构) ________ A．SP (主语+系表结构) B．SVA (主语+谓语动词+状语) C．SVOC (主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语) D．SV IO DO (主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语) 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：查尔斯注意到一个女人进了餐馆。Charles为句子主语，noticed“注意到”为句子的谓语动词，a woman为名词作noticed宾语，enter the restaurant为省略to的动词不定式作宾补，所以该句的句子结构为SVOC，即“主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”。故选C项。 15．The sentence “We found him a strange person.” shares the same structure with________. A．That smile made me a lot relaxed. B．The facilities are impressive. C．He gave me a smile. D．I explored the world with eagerness. 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：句子“We found him a strange person.”和“That smile made me a lot relaxed.”结构相同。A. That smile made me a lot relaxed.那个微笑让我放松了很多；B. The facilities are impressive.设施令人印象深刻；C. He gave me a smile.他给了我一个微笑；D. I explored the world with eagerness.我热切地探索这个世界。分析题干中的句子可知，We是主语，found是谓语，him是宾语，a strange person是宾补，为“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构，A项中的句子和该句结构相同，That smile是主语，made是谓语，me是宾语，a lot relaxed是宾补。B项是“主+系+表”结构；C项是“主+谓+间宾+直宾”结构；D项是“主+谓+宾+状”结构。故选A。 16．Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!The basic structure of the sentence above is_______. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+C 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：当你在海上的时候，学习和做作业似乎更有趣！A. S+V(主+谓) ；B. S+V+O(主+谓+宾) ；C. S+V+P(主+系+表)； D. S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)。分析句子可知，主句中Studying and doing homework 为主语， seem为系动词，much more fun为表语；从句中you为主语，are为系动词，at sea为表语，所以本句的基本结构为主系表结构。故选C项。 17．“My English teacher always advises me to speak English more often. ” The main structure of the sentence is . A．S + V B．S + V + P C．S + V + IO + DO D．S + V + O + OC 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：“我的英语老师总是建议我多说英语。”这个句子的主要结构是 。主语My English teacher，谓语advises，宾语me，宾补to speak English more often，“主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾补”，即S + V + O + OC结构。故选D项。 18．We had chemistry in the newly built lab. 该句的句子结构是______. A．SVP B．SVOO C．SVOC D．SVOA 【答案】D 【详解】考查基本句型。句意：我们在新建的实验室里上化学课。A. SVP主系表；B. SVOO主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；C. SVOC主谓宾宾补；D.  SVOA主谓宾状。分析句子结构可知，“We”在句中作主语，“had”作谓语动词，“chemistry”在句中作动词had宾语，“in the newly built lab”作地点状语，因此该句的结构为“SVOA(主谓宾状)”。故选D项。 19．选出下列主谓宾的简单句 A．Autumn has come. B．The car goes really fast. C．Lisa had a wonderful trip. D．He taught her how to speak French. 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。A项中Autumn是主语，has come是谓语，这里是主谓结构；B项种The car是主语，goes是谓语，really fast是状语，这里是主谓状结构；C项中Lisa是主语，had是谓语，a wonderful trip是宾语，这里是主谓宾结构，为简单句；D项中He是主语，taught是谓语，her是间接宾语，how to speak French是直接宾语，这里是主谓宾宾结构。故选C。 20．判断句子的结构类型: It gives us a great feeling of peace. A．SVO B．SVIODO C．SVOA D．SVOC 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：它给我们一种平和的感觉。主语为it；gives作谓语；us为间接宾语；a great feeling of peace为直接宾语，为“S（主语）V（谓语）IO（间接宾语）DO（直接宾语）”句型。故选B。 二、判断句子结构——简单句、并列句和复合句 1．She was aged six when she first went to school.                                         2．I asked him to come with me and he agreed.                                              3．While there is life there is hope.                                                       4．I have never met Carl before, nor have I heard of him.                                      5．You weren’t at the meeting yesterday to hear what other people thought about this problem.     6．You can either write to me or call me in my office.                                      7．We must hurry, or we’ll be late for class.                                              8．A man familiar with the subject can quickly catch the main idea of the lecture.                  9．You can’t count on him for help: he is such a busy man.                                  10．Bill often sleeps late and has no time for breakfast.                                          【答案】 1．复合句 2．并列句 3．复合句 4．并列句 5．复合句 6．并列句 7．并列句 8．简单句 9．并列句 10．简单句 【解析】 1．考查句子结构判断。句意：她第一次上学时只有六岁。分析句子结构可知，此处为when引导的状语从句，为复合句。故填：复合句。 2．考查句子结构判断。句意：我请他和我一起来，他同意了。分析句子结构可知，此处为and连接的并列句。故填：并列句。 3．考查句子结构判断。句意：有生命就有希望。分析句子结构可知，此处为while引导条件状语从句，为复合句。故填：复合句。 4．考查句子结构判断。句意：我以前从未见过卡尔，也没有听说过他。分析句子结构可知，nor用来连接否定的并列成分，放在 not, no, never 等否定词后，表示“也不”，与 or 的用法类似，连接并列句。故填：并列句。 5．考查句子结构判断。句意：昨天的会议上，你没有听取别人对这个问题的看法。分析句子结构可知，hear后跟宾语从句，此处为复合句。故填：复合句。 6．考查句子结构判断。句意：你可以写信给我，也可以打电话到我的办公室。分析句子结构可知，either…or…表示“要么……要么”，连接并列句。故填：并列句。 7．考查句子结构判断。句意：我们必须快点，否则上课就迟到了。分析句子结构可知，or表示“或者”连接并列句。故填：并列句。 8．考查句子结构判断。句意：熟悉这一主题的人能很快抓住讲座的主要内容。分析句子结构可知，句子主语为A man，谓语为catch，宾语为the main idea，此处为“主谓宾”结构，为简单句。故填：简单句。 9．考查句子结构判断。句意：你不能指望他帮忙，他是个大忙人。分析句子结构可知，冒号的主要作用是表示同位关系，此处为并列句。故填：并列句。 10．考查句子结构判断。句意：比尔经常睡得很晚，没有时间吃早餐。分析句子结构可知，句子主语为Bill，谓语动词为sleep和has，宾语为time，为“主谓宾”结构，是简单句。故填：简单句。 一、完形填空 Over one billion people used Facebook last Monday. For the ____1____ time, the site had so many ____ 2____ in one day. The CEO (首席执行官) of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, said it was a great ____ 3____ for them. Zuckerberg himself posted on his own Facebook that, “We just passed an important milestone (里程碑). This time one billion people used Facebook in a ___ 4____.” He said that on Monday, “One in seven people on Earth used Facebook to talk ____ 5____ their friends and family.” He added that, “This was the first time we reached the milestone, and it’s just the ____ 6____ of connecting the world.” Mr. Zuckerberg also said, “A connected world brings ____ 7____ relationships with those you love than before.” Zuckerberg ____ 8____ Facebook ____ 9____ he was a student at Harvard University in 2004. The website _____10_____ became one of the biggest sites in the world. Today, it has nearly 1.5 billion users and Zuckerberg thinks that the _____11_____ will become bigger in the future. In October 2012, he announced (宣布) that the Facebook had one billion visitors who used this website at least once a month. The company needs to _____12_____ a lot in countries where Facebook isn’t so _____13_____, such as in many African and Asian ____14_____ and some in Central and South America. Facebook has made Zuckerberg the ninth _____15_____ person in the world, at the age of 31. 1. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth 2. A. performers B. doctors C. visitors D. programmers 3. A. festival B. success C. holiday D. opening 4. A. day B. night C. week D. year 5. A. about B. with C. at D. of 6. A. ending B. finishing C. beginning D. holding 7. A. colder B. worse C. shorter D. stronger 8. A. improved B. caught C. made D. accepted 9. A. because B. before C. if D. when 10. A. quickly B. finally C. clearly D. loudly 11. A. name B. number C. address D. news 12. A. lose B. grow C. touch D. go 13. A. popular B. available C. friendly D. educational 14. A. villages B. cities C. schools D. countries 15. A. tallest B. richest C. funniest D. biggest 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交平台“Facebook (脸书)”的发展历程及其单日用户量突破10亿的里程碑事件。 【1题详解】 考查序数词词义辨析。句意：该网站单日访问量首次达到如此高的水平。A. first第一；B. second第二；C. third第三；D. fourth第四。根据后文“This was the first time we reached the milestone”可知，这是Facebook单日用户量的“第一次”突破。故选A项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. performers表演者；B. doctors医生；C. visitors访问者、用户；D. programmers程序员。根据前文“Over one billion people used Facebook last Monday”可知，此处指Facebook的“用户、访问者”。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Facebook首席执行官马克·扎克伯格表示，这对他们来说是一次巨大的成功。A. festival节日；B. success成功；C. holiday假期；D. opening开幕式。根据前文“For the ____1____ time, the site had so many ____2____ in one day.”及后文“This was the first time we reached the milestone”可知，单日10亿用户量对Facebook来说是巨大的“成功”。故选B项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：扎克伯格在自己的Facebook账号上发文称：“我们刚刚跨过了一个重要的里程碑。这次单日有10亿人使用Facebook。”A. day天；B. night夜晚；C. week周；D. year年。根据前文“last Monday”及“in one day”可知，此处指“单日、一天”的用户量。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：他说，周一那天，“全球七分之一的人使用Facebook与亲友交流”。A. about关于；B. with和……一起；C. at在（某处）；D. of属于，……的。“talk with sb.”为固定搭配，意为“与某人交谈”，此处指Facebook用于“和”亲友交流。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他补充道：“这是我们第一次达到这个里程碑，而这仅仅是连接世界的开始。”A. ending结尾；B. finishing结束；C. beginning开始；D. holding持有。根据后文“Today, it has nearly 1.5 billion users and Zuckerberg thinks that the 11 will become bigger in the future.”可知，扎克伯格认为这个里程碑只是“开始”，未来用户数量还会增加。故选C项。 【7题详解】 考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：扎克伯格还表示：“一个互联互通的世界，能让你与所爱之人的关系比以往更加牢固。”A. colder更冷的；B. worse更糟的；C. shorter更短的；D. stronger更牢固的。根据前文“a connected world”及后文“relationships with those you love”可知，Facebook能让人际关系更“牢固”。故选D项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2004年，扎克伯格还是哈佛大学的一名学生时，创办了Facebook。A. improved改善；B. caught抓住；C. made创办、制作；D. accepted接受。根据后文“Facebook”及“he was a student at Harvard University in 2004”可知，此处指扎克伯格在2004年“创办”Facebook。故选C项。 【9题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. because因为；B. before在……之前；C. if如果；D. when当……时。根据空格前后文“he was a student at Harvard University in 2004.”可知，扎克伯格是在哈佛大学读书“期间”创办的Facebook，when引导的时间状语从句，符合语境。故选D项。 【10题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：该网站最终成为全球最大的网站之一。A. quickly快速地；B. finally最终；C. clearly清晰地；D. loudly大声地。根据后文“one of the biggest sites in the world”可知，“成为全球最大的网站之一”是Facebook发展的“最终”结果。故选B项。 【11题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，它拥有近15亿用户，扎克伯格认为未来用户数量还会继续增长。A. name名字；B. number数量；C. address地址；D. news新闻。根据前文“nearly 1.5 billion users”可知，此处指用户的“数量”。故选B项。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司需要在Facebook尚未普及的国家大力拓展业务，比如许多非洲、亚洲国家以及一些中南美洲国家。A. lose失去；B. grow发展、拓展；C. touch触碰；D. go去。根据后文“in countries where Facebook isn’t so ____13____”可知，此处指Facebook需要在这些地区“拓展”业务。故选B项。 【13题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. popular受欢迎的、普及的；B. available可获得的；C. friendly友好的；D. educational有教育意义的。根据后文“such as in many African and Asian ____14____ and some in Central and South America”可知，这些地方Facebook的普及率不高，即不“受欢迎、普及”。故选A项。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. villages村庄；B. cities城市；C. schools学校；D. countries国家。根据前文“in countries”及“African and Asian”可知，此处指非洲和亚洲的“国家”。故选D项。 【15题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：31岁时，Facebook让扎克伯格成为全球第九大富豪。A. tallest最高的；B. richest最富有的；C. funniest最有趣的；D. biggest最大的。根据常识及前文介绍的Facebook的商业成功可知，此处指扎克伯格凭借该平台跻身全球“富豪、最富有的人”行列。故选B项。 二、阅读理解 27-year-old Cui Can, a lawyer working in Chengdu, made an unusual career choice in early 2023: specializing in pet-related disputes (纠纷). His change came from a late-night idea while working overtime, accompanied only by his long-haired cat Ultraman. “I was burdened by heavy civil case workloads, but Ultraman’s quiet comfort made me realize my strong interest in pet-related legal issues,” he recalled. Before focusing on this area, Cui dealt with a wide range of civil cases for years after graduating in 2021 and starting his own business in 2023. Now, he deals with cases like vet (兽医) care mistakes, accidental death, etc. One very sad case left Cui a deep memory: a young man’s dog died during a regular dental treatment because the clinic forgot pre-anesthesia (麻醉前) checks. The owner fell into severe depression and asked for an apology instead of just money, but the clinic refused to say it was wrong. Cui’s work matches China’s fast-growing pet population. A 2024 Goldman Sachs report showed that the number of pets in China was larger than the number of children under four for the first time, and it is expected to double by 2030. While pets are increasingly seen as family members, legal protection is slow to follow. Without a special animal protection law, lawyers rely on unclear Civil Code rules, leading to light punishments for harm or carelessness. Some practical problems also exist: owners often lack important proof like medical records, vet testing technology is not well developed, and judges lack expert support. To solve these problems, Cui set up the Pet Legal Alliance in March, a WeChat group with over 1,000 working lawyers who are also pet owners. They share resources, discuss important cases and give suggestions to local governments on making animal protection rules. “Pets are life partners, not just things we own.” he said, “We’ re working hard to change the law, one case at a time.” 1. What led Cui Can to specialize in pet-related disputes? A The demand for pet-related case lawyers. B. His childhood experience of raising pets. C. The inspiration from his pet cat Ultraman. D. Dissatisfaction of heavy civil case workload. 2. What can we infer about the Xi’an dog case? A. The clinic was severely punished by law. B. The dog died of natural causes in the end C. The owner received much money as payment. D. Emotional comfort mattered more to the owner. 3. What is the main challenge in pet legal protection. A. Pet lawyers lack experience in such cases. B. Punishments for harm to pets are too light. C. There are no special animal protection laws. D. Pet owners fail to collect necessary evidence. 4. Which is the best title for the passage? A. China’s Rapidly Growing Pet Business B. A Lawyer Fighting for Pets’ Legal Rights C. A New Way to Settle Pet-Related Disputes D. The Importance of Animal Protection Laws 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述律师崔灿受宠物猫启发，专攻宠物相关法律纠纷，针对行业法律短板成立联盟，推动完善宠物保护相关规则。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“His change came from a late-night idea while working overtime, accompanied only by his long-haired cat Ultraman. “I was burdened by heavy civil case workloads, but Ultraman’s quiet comfort made me realize my strong interest in pet-related legal issues,” he recalled.(他的转变源于一次加班深夜的灵感，当时只有他的长毛猫奥特曼陪伴着他。他回忆道：“繁重的民事案件工作让我不堪重负，但奥特曼无声的陪伴让我意识到自己对宠物相关法律问题有着浓厚的兴趣。”)”可知，是宠物猫奥特曼的陪伴启发了崔灿，让他决定专攻宠物相关纠纷案件。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“One very sad case left Cui a deep memory: a young man’s dog died during a regular dental treatment because the clinic forgot pre-anesthesia (麻醉前) checks. The owner fell into severe depression and asked for an apology instead of just money, but the clinic refused to say it was wrong.(有一个令人痛心的案例给崔留下了深刻的印象：一名年轻男子的狗在一次常规牙科治疗中死亡，原因是诊所遗漏了麻醉前检查。狗主人陷入重度抑郁，他没有索要金钱赔偿，而是要求诊所道歉，但诊所却拒不认错。)”可知，对于这位狗主人来说，情感上的慰藉（道歉）比金钱更重要。故选D项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“While pets are increasingly seen as family members, legal protection is slow to follow. Without a special animal protection law, lawyers rely on unclear Civil Code rules, leading to light punishments for harm or carelessness. (虽然宠物越来越被视为家庭成员，但相关法律保护却滞后不前。由于没有专门的动物保护法，律师只能依据《民法典》中模糊的条款办案，导致对伤害或疏忽行为的惩罚力度较轻。)”可知，宠物法律保护面临的主要挑战是没有专门的动物保护法。故选C项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第一段“27-year-old Cui Can, a lawyer working in Chengdu, made an unusual career choice in early 2023: specializing in pet-related disputes (纠纷). His change came from a late-night idea while working overtime, accompanied only by his long-haired cat Ultraman. “I was burdened by heavy civil case workloads, but Ultraman’s quiet comfort made me realize my strong interest in pet-related legal issues,” he recalled.(27岁的崔灿是一名在成都工作的律师，他在2023年初做出了一个不同寻常的职业选择：专攻宠物相关纠纷案件。他的转变源于一次加班深夜的灵感，当时只有他的长毛猫奥特曼陪伴着他。他回忆道：“繁重的民事案件工作让我不堪重负，但奥特曼无声的陪伴让我意识到自己对宠物相关法律问题有着浓厚的兴趣。”)”可知，文章围绕律师崔灿展开，讲述他受宠物猫启发，转而专攻宠物相关法律纠纷，处理典型案件，并针对行业痛点成立宠物法律联盟，推动相关法律完善的故事，核心是讲述“一位为宠物维权的律师”。故选B项。 三、七选五 In your daily life negative emotions (负面情绪) can do great harm to you. If you want to stay away from bad feelings, you can train yourself to let the light in. ____1____ To achieve it, you should keep to the following points. Start smiling more. When you smile, your brain start neural (神经系统的) messages that actually make you feel more positive. Even if you’re feeling kind of unhappy, make your face do the work of smiling to have a good day. ____2____ It’s easy for you to say something that can bring you down. Using positive (积极的) words has a good effect on your mood and your view. Do nice things for others. Sometimes you may have a day with bad feelings. ____3____ You can choose to spread heart-warming things around, and the smiles you get will surely make you feel joyful. To lighten someone else’s day, you can clean up the house before your partner or roommate gets home or pickup coffee for your office. Be with people you enjoy. If you want to think positively, make yourself stay with other positive thinkers, and with people who bring out the best in you. ____4____ Keep a diary and record each day. If you sometimes end the day on a unpleasant note, train yourself to turn that around. Instead, sit down and pour yourself a cup of tea. ____5____ What happened? What went right? What went wrong? Put it all down. A That doesn’t mean you have to be like that. B. Make some changes in the words you use. C. Don’t judge yourself simply by others’ feelings. D. Just think over it and start writing about your day. E. Hangout with those who are supportive and friendly. F. It is important to find the bright side and stay positive. G. Talk about things that went along well and explain why. 【答案】1. F 2. B 3. A 4. E 5. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章就如何远离负面情绪，保持积极乐观的心态给出了几条建议。 【1题详解】 上文“In your daily life negative emotions (负面情绪) can do great harm to you. If you want to stay away from bad feelings, you can train yourself to let the light in. (在你的日常生活中，负面情绪会对你造成很大的伤害。如果你想远离不好的感觉，你可以训练自己让光明进来。)”说明如果想要远离负面情绪，训练自己让光明进来，选项F“找到光明的一面并保持乐观是很重要的。”承接上文，说明找到光明一面的重要性。选项中the bright side和上文中let the light in语义相关，选项中positive和上文negative emotions相对。故选F项。 【2题详解】 下文“It’s easy for you to say something that can bring you down. Using positive (积极的) words has a good effect on your mood and your view.(对你来说，说一些让你沮丧的话很容易。使用积极的词汇对你的情绪和观点有很好的影响。)”建议使用积极词汇，选项B“对你使用的词汇做一些改变。”概括本段大意，建议改变使用的词汇。选项中words和下文words词汇重叠，语义一致。故选B项。 【3题详解】 上文（段首）“Do nice things for others. (为别人做点好事。)”建议为别人做点好事，选项A“那并不意味着你必须那样做。”承接上文，转折语义，说明并不一定要做好事，引出下文“You can choose to spread heart-warming things around, and the smiles you get will surely make you feel joyful. (你可以选择传播温暖人心的东西，你得到的微笑一定会让你感到快乐。)”说明不一定要做好事，只要传播温暖人心的东西，就能得到快乐。上下文通顺合理，故选A项。 【4题详解】 上文“Be with people you enjoy. If you want to think positively, make yourself stay with other positive thinkers, and with people who bring out the best in you. (和你喜欢的人在一起。如果你想要积极思考，就和那些积极思考的人在一起，和那些能激发你最好一面的人在一起。)”建议要和你喜欢的人以及能激发你最好一面的人在一起，选项E“和那些支持和友好的人出去玩。”承接上文，建议和那些支持和友好的人一起玩。语义通顺合理。故选E项。 【5题详解】 上文（段首）“Keep a diary and record each day. (记日记，每天记录。)”建议记日记，选项D“仔细想想，然后开始写你的一天。”承接上文，建议开始记录一天的生活，引出下文“What happened? What went right? What went wrong? (发生了什么事？什么才是正确的呢？到底是哪里出了错？)”提出写作的内容。语义通顺合理。故选D项。 一、任务型阅读 One fall, my wife Elli and I had a single goal: to photograph polar bears. We were staying at a research camp outside “the polar bear capital of the world” — the town of Churchill in Manitoba, Canada. Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. Polar bears — like all wild animals should be photographed from a safe distance. When I’m face to face with a polar bear, I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens. But sometimes, that is easier said than done. This was one of those times. As Elli and I cooked dinner, a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed, and smelled our garlic bread. The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence. He pulled and bit the wire. He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts. Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew. We yelled at the bear, hit pots hard, and fired blank shotgun shells into the air. Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off. Not this polar bear though — he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws (爪子). I radioed the camp manager for help. He told me a helicopter was on its way, but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived. Making the best of this close encounter, I took some pictures of the bear. Elli and I feared the fence wouldn’t last through 30 more minutes of the bear’s punishment. The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray. The spray burns the bears’ eyes, but doesn’t hurt them. So I approached our uninvited guest slowly and, through the fence, sprayed him in the face. With an angry roar (吼叫), the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes. A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp. 1. 根据文本内容从方框中选择恰当的词并用其正确形式填入文本图示中, 每词限用一次, 有两词为多余选项。 call danger rush burn frighten bite tear photo return safe push approach For ①________ , Polar bears-like all wild animals should be photographed from a distance. My wife Elli and I stayed at a research camp to photograph polar bears, which was amazing but also ②________. A young male polar bear followed his nose to our camp. He pulled and ③________ the wire. The bear tried many times ④________ down the fence with his massive paws. ⑤________, Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew. I ⑥________ for help through radio, but it would be 30 minutes before a helicopter arrived. I also took some ⑦________ of the bear. I got closed to our uninvited guest slowly and sprayed him in the face through the fence. His eyes got ⑧________. Later, he ⑨________ to our camp. The bear ⑩________ to the lake to wash his eyes. 【答案】①. safety ②. dangerous ③. bit ④. to tear ⑤. Frightened ⑥. called ⑦. photos ⑧. burned/burnt ⑨. returned ⑩. rushed 【解析】 1 答案：safety，考点：词性转换（形容词→名词）+ 上下文语境 原文依据：第二段首句“Polar bears — like all wild animals should be photographed from a safe distance.”（北极熊和所有野生动物一样，应在安全距离外拍摄）。介词“for”后需接名词，“safe”（形容词，安全的）的名词形式为“safety”（安全），“for safety”表示“为了安全”，符合句意。 2 答案：dangerous，考点：词性转换（名词→形容词）+ 并列结构，原文依据：第二段首句“Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous.”（拍摄北极熊既神奇又危险）。“but”连接并列形容词（amazing为形容词），“danger”（名词，危险）的形容词形式为“dangerous”（危险的），与前文“amazing”形成语义对比，符合逻辑。 3 答案：bit，考点：时态一致（一般过去时）+ 并列谓语，原文依据：第四段“He pulled and bit the wire.”（他又拉又咬铁丝网）。“and”连接并列谓语，前文“pulled”为一般过去时，故“bite”（动词原形，咬）需用过去式“bit”，保持时态统一。 4 答案：to tear，考点：非谓语动词（try to do 固定搭配）。原文依据：第五段“he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws”（他只是不停地用巨大的爪子试图拆掉围栏）。“try to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“试图做某事”，故“tear”（动词原形，撕裂）前加“to”，构成不定式“to tear”。 ⑤ 答案：Frightened，考点：形容词作状语（修饰主语状态）+ 词性转换（动词→形容词）。原文依据：第五段首句“Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew.”（埃莉和我吓坏了，尝试了所有我们知道的防熊措施）。此处需用形容词修饰主语“Elli and I”的感受，“frighten”（动词，使害怕）的形容词形式“Frightened”（感到害怕的）符合语境（修饰人），且句首首字母需大写。 ⑥ 答案：called考点：时态一致（一般过去时）+ 固定搭配。原文依据：第六段“I radioed the camp manager for help.”（我用对讲机向营地经理求助）。“call for help”是固定搭配，意为“求助”，与原文“radioed the camp manager for help”语义一致；全文讲述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，“call”的过去式为“called”。 ⑦ 答案：photos，考点：名词复数 + 上下文语义。原文依据：第六段“Making the best of this close encounter, I took some pictures of the bear.”（我充分利用这次近距离接触，给这只熊拍了些照片）。“some”后接可数名词复数，“photo”（照片）的复数形式为“photos”，与原文“pictures”同义替换，符合句意。 ⑧ 答案：burned/burnt，考点：被动语态（get + 过去分词）+ 时态一致。原文依据：第七段“The spray burns the bears’ eyes, but doesn’t hurt them.”（喷雾会灼伤熊的眼睛，但不会伤害它们）。“get + 过去分词”表示被动含义（眼睛被灼伤），“burn”（动词，灼伤）的过去分词为“burned”或“burnt”（两者均可），符合被动语境。⑨ 答案：returned，考点：时态一致（一般过去时）+ 上下文语义 。原文依据：第八段“A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp.”（几分钟后，这只熊回到了我们的营地）。“headed back”意为“返回”，与“return”（返回）同义；全文为一般过去时，“return”的过去式为“returned”。 ⑩ 答案：rushed，考点：时态一致（一般过去时）+ 语义匹配。原文依据：第七段“With an angry roar, the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes.”（熊愤怒地吼叫一声，跑到湖边洗眼睛）。原文“ran”（跑）表示快速移动，“rush”（动词，匆忙跑）的过去式“rushed”与“ran”语义相近，符合熊被喷雾刺激后快速跑向湖边的场景；时态为一般过去时，故用“rushed”。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：45min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业01句子成分和基本句型、简单句、并列句和复合句 考点一、句子基本成分 1. 主语(subject) 主语是句子所谈论的主体, 表明句子说的是谁或是什么。它一般放在谓语之前, 通常由名词(名词短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句等担任。 2. 谓语(verb) 谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语位于主语之后, 由动词担任。凡是由一个动词或动词词组构成的谓语, 无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下, 都被称为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。 3. 表语(predicative) 表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式及短语、副词、介词短语等充当。 4. 宾语(object) 宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象, 或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词的后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。 5. 宾语补足语(object complement) 有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整, 还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后, 一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。 6. 定语(attributive) 定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。 7. 状语(adverbial) 状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。注意：形容词作状语一般位于句首或者句末, 用来表示主语或宾语的特征或状态。 8. 同位语(appositive) 若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物, 并且语法功能也一样, 那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。 考点二、七种基本句型 1. SV句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词) SV句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为: 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思, 这类动词叫不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 2. SVA句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语 3. SVO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 SVO句式的句型特点为: 谓语动词均为实义动词, 都是主语发出的动作, 但不能表达完整的意思, 必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当), 即动作的承受者, 才能表达完整的意思。SVO句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词, 后面一定要跟介词构成及物动词词组。 4. SVOA句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语 5. SVOO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 SVOO句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语; 一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面, 直接宾语在后面。 常见的接双宾语的及物动词(1)give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。(2)buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语。(3)ask, answer, take, cost等无法改变结构形式。 6. SVOC句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 SVOC句式中的动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语, 才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的, 直接跟在宾语之后。 7. SVP句式: 主语+连系动词+表语 SVP句式就是我们常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样, 谓语动词需用连系动词(主要是be动词), 表语多为形容词, 也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。 考点三、简单句、并列句和复合句 只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语)的句子称为简单句(simple sentence)。可以分为陈述句，疑问句，感叹句和祈使句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句(compound sentence)。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立, 互不依从, 但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系。并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号, 也可不用逗号(但however、therefore、otherwise等并列连词前后都常有逗号)。常见的并列句结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。 并列连词 并列连词(或连接副词)根据不同含义, 分为如下几类: (1)表示连接, 常用的有and、not only. . . but also、neither. . . nor等。 (2)表示转折, 常用的有but、yet、still、however、while等。 (3)表示选择, 常用的有or、or else、otherwise、either. . . or等。 (4)表示原因, 常用for。 (5)表示结果, 常用的有so、therefore。 主从复合句 1.连词 (1)从属连词: that(无词义), before(在……之前), whether(是否), after(在……之后), if(假如; 是否), since(既然; 自从), because(因为), as/so long as(只要), when(当……的时候), so that(以便) (2)连接代词: who, which, whom, what, whose等。 (3)连接副词: when, why, where, how (4)关系代词: who, which, whom, that, whose (5)关系副词: when, why, where 2.从句的作用和种类 从句在复合句中, 可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等, 因此, 可分为六类: 即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择 1．The machine doesn’t work. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．宾补 2．Which part is object complement (宾语补足语) of the sentence below? “I found her crying in the garden.” A．found B．her C．crying D．in the garden 3．What is the function of the underlined part of the sentence “It is important to stick to it and work hard towards it”? A．Subject. B．Object. C．Adverbial. D．Attributive. 4．Which of the italicized parts is an object complement? A．She bought herself a new pair of overalls for her birthday. B．Finishing the task in just two days is considered impossible. C．We advise exchange students to make use of the opportunity. D．You must allow yourself some time to adapt to senior high school life. 5．There is always something exciting to do. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 6．Jack offered me some helpful advice. A．indirect object B．direct object C．adverbial D．attributive 7．The meeting held yesterday was important. A．verb B．object C．attributive D．adverbial 8．Which of the underlined part is the object (宾语) of the sentence? The naughty boy luckily avoided being caught by the policeman. A．The naughty boy B．avoided C．being caught D．the policeman 9．He came up with a clever idea to solve this problem. 划线部分的成分是____? A．Verb B．Object C．Adverbial D．Object complement 10．The dolphin’s ability to please humans has made it one of our favorites in the animal kingdom. (选出本句中的状语) ________ A．one of our favorites B．to please humans C．in the animal kingdom D．The dolphin’s ability 11．China / became / the third country in the world/ to independently send humans into space in 2003. A．主+谓+宾+宾补 B．主+系+表+状 C．主+系+表+定 D．主+谓+宾+状 12．Alice is doing her homework in the study. A．S+O+A B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+O+A D．S+V+O+C 13．句子成分分析正确的一项是：（   ） He bought me some interesting English novels. A．S＋V＋O+ A B．S＋V＋DO+ IO C．S＋V＋IO+ DO D．S+V+O+C 14．Charles noticed a woman enter the restaurant. (判断句子结构) ________ A．SP (主语+系表结构) B．SVA (主语+谓语动词+状语) C．SVOC (主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语) D．SV IO DO (主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语) 15．The sentence “We found him a strange person.” shares the same structure with________. A．That smile made me a lot relaxed. B．The facilities are impressive. C．He gave me a smile. D．I explored the world with eagerness. 16．Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!The basic structure of the sentence above is_______. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+C 17．“My English teacher always advises me to speak English more often. ” The main structure of the sentence is . A．S + V B．S + V + P C．S + V + IO + DO D．S + V + O + OC 18．We had chemistry in the newly built lab. 该句的句子结构是______. A．SVP B．SVOO C．SVOC D．SVOA 19．选出下列主谓宾的简单句 A．Autumn has come. B．The car goes really fast. C．Lisa had a wonderful trip. D．He taught her how to speak French. 20．判断句子的结构类型: It gives us a great feeling of peace. A．SVO B．SVIODO C．SVOA D．SVOC 二、判断句子结构——简单句、并列句和复合句 1．She was aged six when she first went to school.                                         2．I asked him to come with me and he agreed.                                              3．While there is life there is hope.                                                       4．I have never met Carl before, nor have I heard of him.                                      5．You weren’t at the meeting yesterday to hear what other people thought about this problem.     6．You can either write to me or call me in my office.                                      7．We must hurry, or we’ll be late for class.                                              8．A man familiar with the subject can quickly catch the main idea of the lecture.                  9．You can’t count on him for help: he is such a busy man.                                  10．Bill often sleeps late and has no time for breakfast.                                          一、完形填空 Over one billion people used Facebook last Monday. For the ____1____ time, the site had so many ____ 2____ in one day. The CEO (首席执行官) of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, said it was a great ____ 3____ for them. Zuckerberg himself posted on his own Facebook that, “We just passed an important milestone (里程碑). This time one billion people used Facebook in a ___ 4____.” He said that on Monday, “One in seven people on Earth used Facebook to talk ____ 5____ their friends and family.” He added that, “This was the first time we reached the milestone, and it’s just the ____ 6____ of connecting the world.” Mr. Zuckerberg also said, “A connected world brings ____ 7____ relationships with those you love than before.” Zuckerberg ____ 8____ Facebook ____ 9____ he was a student at Harvard University in 2004. The website _____10_____ became one of the biggest sites in the world. Today, it has nearly 1.5 billion users and Zuckerberg thinks that the _____11_____ will become bigger in the future. In October 2012, he announced (宣布) that the Facebook had one billion visitors who used this website at least once a month. The company needs to _____12_____ a lot in countries where Facebook isn’t so _____13_____, such as in many African and Asian ____14_____ and some in Central and South America. Facebook has made Zuckerberg the ninth _____15_____ person in the world, at the age of 31. 1. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth 2. A. performers B. doctors C. visitors D. programmers 3. A. festival B. success C. holiday D. opening 4. A. day B. night C. week D. year 5. A. about B. with C. at D. of 6. A. ending B. finishing C. beginning D. holding 7. A. colder B. worse C. shorter D. stronger 8. A. improved B. caught C. made D. accepted 9. A. because B. before C. if D. when 10. A. quickly B. finally C. clearly D. loudly 11. A. name B. number C. address D. news 12. A. lose B. grow C. touch D. go 13. A. popular B. available C. friendly D. educational 14. A. villages B. cities C. schools D. countries 15. A. tallest B. richest C. funniest D. biggest 二、阅读理解 27-year-old Cui Can, a lawyer working in Chengdu, made an unusual career choice in early 2023: specializing in pet-related disputes (纠纷). His change came from a late-night idea while working overtime, accompanied only by his long-haired cat Ultraman. “I was burdened by heavy civil case workloads, but Ultraman’s quiet comfort made me realize my strong interest in pet-related legal issues,” he recalled. Before focusing on this area, Cui dealt with a wide range of civil cases for years after graduating in 2021 and starting his own business in 2023. Now, he deals with cases like vet (兽医) care mistakes, accidental death, etc. One very sad case left Cui a deep memory: a young man’s dog died during a regular dental treatment because the clinic forgot pre-anesthesia (麻醉前) checks. The owner fell into severe depression and asked for an apology instead of just money, but the clinic refused to say it was wrong. Cui’s work matches China’s fast-growing pet population. A 2024 Goldman Sachs report showed that the number of pets in China was larger than the number of children under four for the first time, and it is expected to double by 2030. While pets are increasingly seen as family members, legal protection is slow to follow. Without a special animal protection law, lawyers rely on unclear Civil Code rules, leading to light punishments for harm or carelessness. Some practical problems also exist: owners often lack important proof like medical records, vet testing technology is not well developed, and judges lack expert support. To solve these problems, Cui set up the Pet Legal Alliance in March, a WeChat group with over 1,000 working lawyers who are also pet owners. They share resources, discuss important cases and give suggestions to local governments on making animal protection rules. “Pets are life partners, not just things we own.” he said, “We’ re working hard to change the law, one case at a time.” 1. What led Cui Can to specialize in pet-related disputes? A The demand for pet-related case lawyers. B. His childhood experience of raising pets. C. The inspiration from his pet cat Ultraman. D. Dissatisfaction of heavy civil case workload. 2. What can we infer about the Xi’an dog case? A. The clinic was severely punished by law. B. The dog died of natural causes in the end C. The owner received much money as payment. D. Emotional comfort mattered more to the owner. 3. What is the main challenge in pet legal protection. A. Pet lawyers lack experience in such cases. B. Punishments for harm to pets are too light. C. There are no special animal protection laws. D. Pet owners fail to collect necessary evidence. 4. Which is the best title for the passage? A. China’s Rapidly Growing Pet Business B. A Lawyer Fighting for Pets’ Legal Rights C. A New Way to Settle Pet-Related Disputes D. The Importance of Animal Protection Laws 三、七选五 In your daily life negative emotions (负面情绪) can do great harm to you. If you want to stay away from bad feelings, you can train yourself to let the light in. ____1____ To achieve it, you should keep to the following points. Start smiling more. When you smile, your brain start neural (神经系统的) messages that actually make you feel more positive. Even if you’re feeling kind of unhappy, make your face do the work of smiling to have a good day. ____2____ It’s easy for you to say something that can bring you down. Using positive (积极的) words has a good effect on your mood and your view. Do nice things for others. Sometimes you may have a day with bad feelings. ____3____ You can choose to spread heart-warming things around, and the smiles you get will surely make you feel joyful. To lighten someone else’s day, you can clean up the house before your partner or roommate gets home or pickup coffee for your office. Be with people you enjoy. If you want to think positively, make yourself stay with other positive thinkers, and with people who bring out the best in you. ____4____ Keep a diary and record each day. If you sometimes end the day on a unpleasant note, train yourself to turn that around. Instead, sit down and pour yourself a cup of tea. ____5____ What happened? What went right? What went wrong? Put it all down. A That doesn’t mean you have to be like that. B. Make some changes in the words you use. C. Don’t judge yourself simply by others’ feelings. D. Just think over it and start writing about your day. E. Hangout with those who are supportive and friendly. F. It is important to find the bright side and stay positive. G. Talk about things that went along well and explain why. 一、任务型阅读 One fall, my wife Elli and I had a single goal: to photograph polar bears. We were staying at a research camp outside “the polar bear capital of the world” — the town of Churchill in Manitoba, Canada. Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. Polar bears — like all wild animals should be photographed from a safe distance. When I’m face to face with a polar bear, I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens. But sometimes, that is easier said than done. This was one of those times. As Elli and I cooked dinner, a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed, and smelled our garlic bread. The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence. He pulled and bit the wire. He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts. Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew. We yelled at the bear, hit pots hard, and fired blank shotgun shells into the air. Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off. Not this polar bear though — he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws (爪子). I radioed the camp manager for help. He told me a helicopter was on its way, but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived. Making the best of this close encounter, I took some pictures of the bear. Elli and I feared the fence wouldn’t last through 30 more minutes of the bear’s punishment. The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray. The spray burns the bears’ eyes, but doesn’t hurt them. So I approached our uninvited guest slowly and, through the fence, sprayed him in the face. With an angry roar (吼叫), the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes. A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp. 1. 根据文本内容从方框中选择恰当的词并用其正确形式填入文本图示中, 每词限用一次, 有两词为多余选项。 call danger rush burn frighten bite tear photo return safe push approach For ①________ , Polar bears-like all wild animals should be photographed from a distance. My wife Elli and I stayed at a research camp to photograph polar bears, which was amazing but also ②________. A young male polar bear followed his nose to our camp. He pulled and ③________ the wire. The bear tried many times ④________ down the fence with his massive paws. ⑤________, Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew. I ⑥________ for help through radio, but it would be 30 minutes before a helicopter arrived. I also took some ⑦________ of the bear. I got closed to our uninvited guest slowly and sprayed him in the face through the fence. His eyes got ⑧________. Later, he ⑨________ to our camp. The bear ⑩________ to the lake to wash his eyes. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $