衔接点07定语从句（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，江苏专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点07 定语从句 初中视角 高中展望 定语从句的基本概念：了解定语从句的定义，即修饰名词或代词的从句；认识先行词（被修饰的词）和关系词（连接主句和从句的词）。 基础用法： 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose的基本用法。 关系副词：where, when的基本用法。 限制性定语从句：从句对先行词起限制作用，不可缺少。 考查形式：单句语法填空、句型转换，重在识别关系词并正确填空。 定语从句的深层逻辑：强调关系词的选择依据（先行词与从句的逻辑关系）。 核心考点： 关系代词与关系副词的转换。 介词+which/whom的用法（介词的选择取决于从句中的搭配或习惯用法）。 非限制性定语从句。 特殊先行词后的关系词选择。 抽象地点与时间后的关系词选择。 考查形式：长难句语法填空、短文改错、完形填空中的逻辑推断，重在语境分析与语法细节。 衔接引导 初中阶段：以识别为主，关系词选择多为基本规则，句子结构简单。 高中阶段：以分析为主，需精准判断先行词在从句中充当的成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语），并选择正确的关系词。 【初中定语从句考点聚焦】 定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，相当于形容词的作用。被修饰的词叫先行词；引导从句的词叫关系词。 一、关系代词 考点1 关系代词 1．The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting. 2．The pen ______ is on the desk is mine. 3．I don't like the movie ______ we saw last night. 考点2 who/whom 4．The man ______ is talking to our teacher is my father. 5．The girl ______ you met at the party is my sister. 6．I know the boy ______ father is a doctor. 二、关系副词 考点1 where/when 1．This is the school ______ I studied three years ago. 2．I will never forget the day ______ we spent together. 3．Do you know the reason ______ he was late? 【高中定语从句考点聚焦】 课标解读 定语从句是江苏高考语法填空、短文改错、书面表达核心考点。重点考查： 1. 关系代词与关系副词用法区分； 2. 介词 + 关系代词结构； 3. 只用 that / 不用 that 的情况； 4. 限制性与非限制性定语从句； 5. 先行词与从句分隔（分隔式定语从句）。 考点清单 一、关系词的选择依据 1.指代对象：人（who/whom）、物（which）、时间/地点/原因（when/where/why）。 2.在从句中的成分： 主语：不可省略（如The man who helped me is here）。 宾语：可省略（如The man (who/whom) I met is here）。 定语：whose（如The boy whose father is a doctor）。 状语：when（时间）、where（地点）、why（原因）。 二、介词+which/whom 1.介词的选择： 根据从句中的动词搭配（如listen to → The man to whom you listened）。 根据先行词的搭配（如the reason for → The reason for which he left）。 2.位置：介词可前置（正式）或后置（口语）。 The man (who/whom) you listened to is here.（口语） The man to whom you listened is here.（正式） 三、非限制性定语从句 1.形式：用逗号与主句隔开，不可用that。 2.功能：对先行词起补充说明作用，翻译为“这/那……”。 He passed the exam, which made us happy. 3.as/which引导的非限制性定语从句： as（正如）：As we all know, the earth is round. which（这/那）：He failed the exam, which made his parents angry. 四、特殊先行词 1.the way：方式，后接in which/that/省略。 I don't like the way (in which/that) he speaks. 2.the reason：原因，后接why/for which。 The reason why he was late is unknown. 3.抽象地点：situation, point, case, stage等，后接where。 He has got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control. 五、易错警示 1.that与which的区别： 只用that：先行词有最高级/序数词修饰、all/everything等不定代词、既有人又有物。 只用which：非限制性定语从句、介词后。 2.as与which的区别： as引导的从句可置于句首，which不可。 as意为“正如”，which意为“这/那”。 3.关系副词与关系代词的转换： where = 介词 + which（in which）。 when = 介词 + which（on which）。 why = 介词 + which（for which）。 一、句型转换 根据上句句意，用定语从句改写下列句子，每空一词。 1.The man is my teacher. I saw him in the park. The man ________ I ________ in the park is my teacher. 2.This is the reason. He left for this reason. This is the reason ________ ________ he left. 3.I will never forget the day. We spent it together. I will never forget the day ________ ________ we spent together. 4.The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yesterday. The book ________ you ________ to me yesterday is very interesting. 5.He lives in the room. The window of it faces south. He lives in the room, ________ ________ faces south. 6.She has many friends. She can turn to them for help. She has many friends ________ ________ she can turn for help. 7.The boy is very clever. His father is a doctor. The boy ________ ________ father is a doctor is very clever. 8.The school is very famous. He studied in it ten years ago. The school ________ ________ he studied ten years ago is very famous. 9.He failed the exam. This made his parents angry. He failed the exam, ________ ________ made his parents angry. 10.I don’t like the way. He speaks in this way. I don’t like the way ________ ________ he speaks. 二、单句语法填空 1.Do you know the person and things ________ they are talking about. 2.The rainbow can’t be seen at noon, ________ the sun is high in the sky. 3.He came back home late, ________ we expected. 4.Those ________ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 5.The roots of the tree, through ________ water is absorbed, should be well protected. 6.He picked up a wallet on his way to school, ________ he handed to the police afterwards. 7.I will never forget the day ________ we met for the first time. 8.I don’t know the reason ________ he was absent today. 9.Can you think of some cases ________ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn’t obey them? 10.Thousands of years ago, they formed those ancient tea plantations, ________ are the best gift that nature has granted us. 一、语法填空（定语从句专练） Last weekend, I went to the park. I saw a man 1.________ was flying a kite. The kite 2.________ he was flying was very beautiful. It was in the shape of a bird 3.________ wings were colorful. The man told me that he made the kite by himself. He said the materials 4.________ he used were very special. I asked him where he bought the materials. He showed me a shop 5.________ sold all kinds of kite-making tools. I decided to learn how to make kites. The man, 6.________ name I didn't know, taught me patiently. He told me the way 7.________ he made kites was passed down from his grandfather. I was deeply moved by his story, 8.________ inspired me to keep learning. Now I can make simple kites, 9.________ makes me very proud. I hope to fly kites with him again in the park 10.________ we met. 二、短文改错（定语从句专练） 文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线 (\) 划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 I have a friend who name is Li Ming. He is the boy which helps me a lot with my English. He lives in a small town where is far from our school. He is the only one of the students that have passed the English test. This is the very dictionary what I bought yesterday. The book which cover is green is very useful. I will never forget the days when we spent together. The man to who you spoke just now is our teacher. Anyone who break the rules will be punished. This is the best present which I have ever received. 三、阅读理解 Sunscreen (防晒霜) is important for keeping skin safe from sun damage and preventing skin cancer. The chemicals in many sunscreens, however, can be harmful for sea life. This has inspired scientists to develop a new kind of sunscreen made from flower pollen (花粉). Sunscreen works by using special chemicals that block ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun’s rays, and people often apply it to their skin before going into the ocean or other natural waterways. But the chemicals are washed off by the water and spread into it, affecting the wildlife that lives there. This is especially harmful for coral reefs (珊瑚礁), which support a wide variety of fish, plants, and other underwater life. To find an alternative, scientists from Nanyang Technological University in Singapore turned to pollen, which is known to be resistant to UV light. The team prepared water-based gels (凝胶) made from pollen of camellia flowers and sunflowers. Then they tested how well those gels blocked UV light, including both UVA and UVB-wavelengths of UV light produced by the Sun and tanning beds that damage skin. Both gels took in UV rays, the team found, but the camellia gel took in more UVB rays, shorter wavelength rays mainly responsible for causing sunburn and skin cancers, than the sunflower gel did. When tested on mice, both gels prevented skin damage when the mice were put in UV light for a few minutes per day. Mice that didn’t receive sunscreen had thinner skin after the same UV experience. The team also put samples of the gels in saltwater tanks containing coral, which still appeared healthy after two months. “What they’re doing is first steps, but they’re really important first steps,” said Craig Downs, the executive director of Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving ecosystems. Some of the next steps might be to assess whether the pollen-based sunscreen is harmful to other wildlife in natural environments, then clear safety tests in humans. “But if they are successful,” Downs added, “in five to eight years, this might be a marketable product.” 1. Why did scientists develop pollen-based sunscreen? A. For low costs. B. For skin safety. C. For sea reservation. D. For economic benefits. 2. What can we infer from paragraph 3? A. Sunflower gel takes in most of the UVB rays. B．Sunflower gel is responsible for causing skin damage. C．Camellia gel left the mice with thinner skin than regular sunscreen. D．Camellia gel is more effective in UV protection than sunflower one. 3. What did Craig Downs think of the pollen-based sunscreen? A. Profitable. B. Dangerous. C. Demanding. D. Alarming. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage? A. The History of Sunscreen Development. B. Pollen-Based Sunscreen: A Safe Choice. C. UV Light: The Main Cause of Skin Damage. D. The preservation of Coral Reefs from Sunscreen. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点07 定语从句 初中视角 高中展望 定语从句的基本概念：了解定语从句的定义，即修饰名词或代词的从句；认识先行词（被修饰的词）和关系词（连接主句和从句的词）。 基础用法： 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose的基本用法。 关系副词：where, when的基本用法。 限制性定语从句：从句对先行词起限制作用，不可缺少。 考查形式：单句语法填空、句型转换，重在识别关系词并正确填空。 定语从句的深层逻辑：强调关系词的选择依据（先行词与从句的逻辑关系）。 核心考点： 关系代词与关系副词的转换。 介词+which/whom的用法（介词的选择取决于从句中的搭配或习惯用法）。 非限制性定语从句。 特殊先行词后的关系词选择。 抽象地点与时间后的关系词选择。 考查形式：长难句语法填空、短文改错、完形填空中的逻辑推断，重在语境分析与语法细节。 衔接引导 初中阶段：以识别为主，关系词选择多为基本规则，句子结构简单。 高中阶段：以分析为主，需精准判断先行词在从句中充当的成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语），并选择正确的关系词。 【初中定语从句考点聚焦】 定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，相当于形容词的作用。被修饰的词叫先行词；引导从句的词叫关系词。 一、关系代词 考点1 关系代词 1．The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting. 【答案】that/which 【解析】先行词book是物，在从句中作bought的宾语，用that或which。 2．The pen ______ is on the desk is mine. 【答案】that/which 【解析】先行词pen是物，在从句中作主语，用that或which。 3．I don't like the movie ______ we saw last night. 【答案】that/which 【解析】先行词movie是物，在从句中作saw的宾语，用that或which。 考点2 who/whom 4．The man ______ is talking to our teacher is my father. 【答案】who/that 【解析】先行词man是人，在从句中作主语，用who或that。 5．The girl ______ you met at the party is my sister. 【答案】who/whom/that 【解析】先行词girl是人，在从句中作met的宾语，用who、whom或that。 6．I know the boy ______ father is a doctor. 【答案】whose 【解析】先行词boy与father是所属关系，用whose作定语。 二、关系副词 考点1 where/when 1．This is the school ______ I studied three years ago. 【答案】where 【解析】先行词school是地点，在从句中作地点状语，用where。 2．I will never forget the day ______ we spent together. 【答案】that/which 【解析】先行词day是时间，但在从句中作spent的宾语，用that或which（不可用when）。 3．Do you know the reason ______ he was late? 【答案】why 【解析】先行词reason是原因，在从句中作原因状语，用why。 【高中定语从句考点聚焦】 课标解读 定语从句是江苏高考语法填空、短文改错、书面表达核心考点。重点考查： 1. 关系代词与关系副词用法区分； 2. 介词 + 关系代词结构； 3. 只用 that / 不用 that 的情况； 4. 限制性与非限制性定语从句； 5. 先行词与从句分隔（分隔式定语从句）。 考点清单 一、关系词的选择依据 1.指代对象：人（who/whom）、物（which）、时间/地点/原因（when/where/why）。 2.在从句中的成分： 主语：不可省略（如The man who helped me is here）。 宾语：可省略（如The man (who/whom) I met is here）。 定语：whose（如The boy whose father is a doctor）。 状语：when（时间）、where（地点）、why（原因）。 二、介词+which/whom 1.介词的选择： 根据从句中的动词搭配（如listen to → The man to whom you listened）。 根据先行词的搭配（如the reason for → The reason for which he left）。 2.位置：介词可前置（正式）或后置（口语）。 The man (who/whom) you listened to is here.（口语） The man to whom you listened is here.（正式） 三、非限制性定语从句 1.形式：用逗号与主句隔开，不可用that。 2.功能：对先行词起补充说明作用，翻译为“这/那……”。 He passed the exam, which made us happy. 3.as/which引导的非限制性定语从句： as（正如）：As we all know, the earth is round. which（这/那）：He failed the exam, which made his parents angry. 四、特殊先行词 1.the way：方式，后接in which/that/省略。 I don't like the way (in which/that) he speaks. 2.the reason：原因，后接why/for which。 The reason why he was late is unknown. 3.抽象地点：situation, point, case, stage等，后接where。 He has got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control. 五、易错警示 1.that与which的区别： 只用that：先行词有最高级/序数词修饰、all/everything等不定代词、既有人又有物。 只用which：非限制性定语从句、介词后。 2.as与which的区别： as引导的从句可置于句首，which不可。 as意为“正如”，which意为“这/那”。 3.关系副词与关系代词的转换： where = 介词 + which（in which）。 when = 介词 + which（on which）。 why = 介词 + which（for which）。 一、句型转换 根据上句句意，用定语从句改写下列句子，每空一词。 1.The man is my teacher. I saw him in the park. The man ________ I ________ in the park is my teacher. 2.This is the reason. He left for this reason. This is the reason ________ ________ he left. 3.I will never forget the day. We spent it together. I will never forget the day ________ ________ we spent together. 4.The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yesterday. The book ________ you ________ to me yesterday is very interesting. 5.He lives in the room. The window of it faces south. He lives in the room, ________ ________ faces south. 6.She has many friends. She can turn to them for help. She has many friends ________ ________ she can turn for help. 7.The boy is very clever. His father is a doctor. The boy ________ ________ father is a doctor is very clever. 8.The school is very famous. He studied in it ten years ago. The school ________ ________ he studied ten years ago is very famous. 9.He failed the exam. This made his parents angry. He failed the exam, ________ ________ made his parents angry. 10.I don’t like the way. He speaks in this way. I don’t like the way ________ ________ he speaks. 【答案】1.who/whom/that; saw 2.for which 3.that/which 4.that/which; lent 5.the window of which 6.to whom 7.whose 8.in which/where 9.which 10.in which 二、单句语法填空 1.Do you know the person and things ________ they are talking about. 2.The rainbow can’t be seen at noon, ________ the sun is high in the sky. 3.He came back home late, ________ we expected. 4.Those ________ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 5.The roots of the tree, through ________ water is absorbed, should be well protected. 6.He picked up a wallet on his way to school, ________ he handed to the police afterwards. 7.I will never forget the day ________ we met for the first time. 8.I don’t know the reason ________ he was absent today. 9.Can you think of some cases ________ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn’t obey them? 10.Thousands of years ago, they formed those ancient tea plantations, ________ are the best gift that nature has granted us. 【答案】 1.that 2.when 3.as 4.who 5.which 6.which 7.when 8.why 9.where 10.which 1.that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你知道他们谈论的人和事吗?分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people and things，关系词代替先行词people and things在定语从句中作talking about后的宾语，应使用关系代词引导该定语从句；又因当先行词既指人又指物时，只能使用关系代词that引导定语从句。 2.when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中午太阳高悬在天空时，是看不到彩虹的。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词noon，在从句作时间状语。 3.as【解析】考查固定句型。句意：正如我们所料，他回家晚了。表示“正如某人所预料”句型为as sb. expected，as引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语。 4.who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：想去博物馆的人必须在明天早上7点到学校门口集合。当先行词为those指人时，关系代词用who引导定语从句。 5.which【解析】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：吸收水分的树的根部，应该得到很好的保护。根据句子结构， “through  ________  water is absorbed”是定语从句，该定语从句修饰先行词“the roots of the tree”，“through”为介词，其后应填关系代词，代替的先行词“the roots of the tree”是物，应填which，符合句意。 6.which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他在上学的路上捡到一个钱包，后来交给了警察。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词wallet，在从句作宾语，指物。 7. when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。空处需用关系副词when引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the day”，表示“在那一天”。 8. why【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：“我不知道他今天缺席的原因。”分析句子结构可知，此处填定语从句的引导词；定语从句“ ________ he was absent today.”是完整的主系表结构，应填关系副词；且先行词是“reason”。综上，应填why。 9. where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你能想出一些司机明明知道交通规则却不遵守的例子吗？空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词cases，cases为抽象地点名词，在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。 10.which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：几千年前，他们形成了那些古老的茶园，这是大自然赐予我们最好的礼物。先行词为 tea plantations，作非限制定语从句的主语，关系代词为which。 一、语法填空（定语从句专练） Last weekend, I went to the park. I saw a man 1.________ was flying a kite. The kite 2.________ he was flying was very beautiful. It was in the shape of a bird 3.________ wings were colorful. The man told me that he made the kite by himself. He said the materials 4.________ he used were very special. I asked him where he bought the materials. He showed me a shop 5.________ sold all kinds of kite-making tools. I decided to learn how to make kites. The man, 6.________ name I didn't know, taught me patiently. He told me the way 7.________ he made kites was passed down from his grandfather. I was deeply moved by his story, 8.________ inspired me to keep learning. Now I can make simple kites, 9.________ makes me very proud. I hope to fly kites with him again in the park 10.________ we met. 【答案】1.who/that 2.that/which 3.whose 4.that/which 5.that/which 6.whose 7.that/in which 8.which 9.which 10.where 1.who/that【解析】先行词man在从句中作主语，指人。 2.that/which【解析】先行词kite在从句中作flying的宾语，指物。 3.whose【解析】先行词bird与wings是所属关系。 4.that/which【解析】先行词materials在从句中作used的宾语，指物。 5.that/which【解析】先行词shop在从句中作主语，指物。 6.whose【解析】先行词man与name是所属关系。 7.that/in which【解析】先行词way在从句中作方式状语，可用that/in which/省略。 8.which【解析】非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句。 9.which【解析】非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。 10.where【解析】先行词park在从句中作地点状语。 二、短文改错（定语从句专练） 文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线 (\) 划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 I have a friend who name is Li Ming. He is the boy which helps me a lot with my English. He lives in a small town where is far from our school. He is the only one of the students that have passed the English test. This is the very dictionary what I bought yesterday. The book which cover is green is very useful. I will never forget the days when we spent together. The man to who you spoke just now is our teacher. Anyone who break the rules will be punished. This is the best present which I have ever received. 【答案】1. who → whose 2.which → who / that 3.where → which / that 4.have → has 5.what → that 6.which → whose 7.when → which / that 8.who → whom 9.break → breaks 10.which → that 1.who → whose【解析】先行词是人，表所属关系（…… 的名字），用 whose 作定语。 2.which → who / that【解析】先行词 the boy 是人，关系代词不用 which，用 who / that。 3.where → which / that【解析】从句缺主语，where 是关系副词不能作主语，改为 which / that。 4.have → has【解析】先行词为 the only one of + 复数名词，从句谓语用单数 has。 5.what → that【解析】先行词被 the very 修饰，关系词只用 that，不用 what。 6.which → whose【解析】表示所属关系（书的封面），用 whose 作定语。 7.when → which / that【解析】在定语从句中，spent是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，所以不能用关系副词when，要用关系代词which/that。 8.who → whom【解析】介词 to 后用宾格关系代词 whom，不能用 who。 9.break → breaks【解析】先行词 anyone 是不定代词，从句谓语用单数 breaks。 10.which → that【解析】在限制性定语从句中”先行词被最高级 best 修饰，关系词只用 that。 三、阅读理解 Sunscreen (防晒霜) is important for keeping skin safe from sun damage and preventing skin cancer. The chemicals in many sunscreens, however, can be harmful for sea life. This has inspired scientists to develop a new kind of sunscreen made from flower pollen (花粉). Sunscreen works by using special chemicals that block ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun’s rays, and people often apply it to their skin before going into the ocean or other natural waterways. But the chemicals are washed off by the water and spread into it, affecting the wildlife that lives there. This is especially harmful for coral reefs (珊瑚礁), which support a wide variety of fish, plants, and other underwater life. To find an alternative, scientists from Nanyang Technological University in Singapore turned to pollen, which is known to be resistant to UV light. The team prepared water-based gels (凝胶) made from pollen of camellia flowers and sunflowers. Then they tested how well those gels blocked UV light, including both UVA and UVB-wavelengths of UV light produced by the Sun and tanning beds that damage skin. Both gels took in UV rays, the team found, but the camellia gel took in more UVB rays, shorter wavelength rays mainly responsible for causing sunburn and skin cancers, than the sunflower gel did. When tested on mice, both gels prevented skin damage when the mice were put in UV light for a few minutes per day. Mice that didn’t receive sunscreen had thinner skin after the same UV experience. The team also put samples of the gels in saltwater tanks containing coral, which still appeared healthy after two months. “What they’re doing is first steps, but they’re really important first steps,” said Craig Downs, the executive director of Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving ecosystems. Some of the next steps might be to assess whether the pollen-based sunscreen is harmful to other wildlife in natural environments, then clear safety tests in humans. “But if they are successful,” Downs added, “in five to eight years, this might be a marketable product.” 1. Why did scientists develop pollen-based sunscreen? A. For low costs. B. For skin safety. C. For sea reservation. D. For economic benefits. 2. What can we infer from paragraph 3? A. Sunflower gel takes in most of the UVB rays. B．Sunflower gel is responsible for causing skin damage. C．Camellia gel left the mice with thinner skin than regular sunscreen. D．Camellia gel is more effective in UV protection than sunflower one. 3. What did Craig Downs think of the pollen-based sunscreen? A. Profitable. B. Dangerous. C. Demanding. D. Alarming. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage? A. The History of Sunscreen Development. B. Pollen-Based Sunscreen: A Safe Choice. C. UV Light: The Main Cause of Skin Damage. D. The preservation of Coral Reefs from Sunscreen. 【答案】1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了传统防晒霜中的化学成分会危害海洋生物，新加坡科学家因此研发出以山茶花和向日葵花粉为原料的新型防晒霜，测试显示其防晒效果良好且对珊瑚无害，目前研究处于起步阶段，未来有望上市。 【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The chemicals in many sunscreens, however, can be harmful for sea life. This has inspired scientists to develop a new kind of sunscreen made from flower pollen (花粉).(然而，许多防晒霜中的化学成分会对海洋生物造成危害，这一问题也启发科学家研发出了一种以花卉花粉为原料的新型防晒霜。)”可知，传统防晒霜中的化学成分会危害海洋生物，这一问题促使科学家研发花粉基防晒霜，其核心目的是保护海洋生态。故选C。 2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Both gels took in UV rays, the team found, but the camellia gel took in more UVB rays, shorter wavelength rays mainly responsible for causing sunburn and skin cancers, than the sunflower gel did.(研究团队发现，两种凝胶均能吸收紫外线，其中山茶花粉凝胶吸收的中波紫外线，要多于向日葵花粉凝胶。中波紫外线是波长更短的紫外线，也是引发皮肤晒伤和皮肤癌的主要诱因。)”可知，两种花粉凝胶均能吸收紫外线，且山茶花粉凝胶比向日葵花粉凝胶吸收更多会导致晒伤和皮肤癌的UVB射线，由此可推断山茶花粉凝胶的防晒效果优于向日葵花粉凝胶。故选D。 3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““What they’re doing are first steps, but they’re really important first steps,” said Craig Downs, the executive director of Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving ecosystems. Some of the next steps might be to assess whether the pollen-based sunscreen is harmful to other wildlife in natural environments, then clear safety tests in humans.(非营利性生态保护机构异端环境实验室的执行董事Craig Downs表示：“他们目前开展的研究虽尚处于起步阶段，但却是意义重大的第一步。” 这款花粉防晒霜的后续研究工作，可能会包括评估其是否会对自然环境中的其他野生生物造成危害，随后完成针对人体的安全性检测。Downs补充道：“但如果研究取得成功，未来五到八年内，这款产品有望成为可上市销售的商品。”)”可知，Craig Downs认为花粉基防晒霜的研究如果成功了，在五到八年内，就可能会成为一个可以上市销售的产品。也就是说，这是有利可图的。故选A。 4.主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇指出传统防晒霜的化学成分会危害海洋生物，随后介绍新加坡科学家研发出花粉基防晒霜，经测试该防晒霜不仅能有效阻隔紫外线、保护皮肤，还对珊瑚无害，虽后续仍需开展多项检测工作，但它是兼顾皮肤防护与海洋生态保护的新型选择。选项B“Pollen-Based Sunscreen: A Safe Choice(基于花粉的防晒霜：一种安全的选择)”与全文内容相符。故选B。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $