衔接点10阅读理解（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，江苏专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点10 阅读理解 初中视角 高中展望 篇幅与词汇：单篇阅读 200～300 词，课标 1600 词汇，长难句少，以简单句、并列句为主；A 篇多广告 / 通知应用文、B篇 记叙文、C篇和D篇 简单说明文。 题型占比：细节题 65%～70%（原文原句直接找答案）、词义猜测 10%、简单推理 10%、主旨题 5%；无作者态度深层考查。 解题逻辑：原文原词定位，答案大多原文照搬，几乎不用跨段概括、深层推断。 考查形式：4 篇阅读理解，共15题，选材校园、家庭生活、动植物科普、简易文化故事。 篇幅与词汇：单篇 350～500 词，考纲 3500 + 词汇，复合句、非谓语、定语从句密集；体裁新增议论文、社科科普、文学节选、新闻评述。 题型占比：细节题 50%、推理判断题 25%、词义猜测 10%、主旨 / 标题 10%、作者观点态度 5%；高考推理题是拉分核心。 解题逻辑：答案极少原文原句，多同义改写、跨段整合、隐性逻辑推导，需要梳理文章框架、区分表象与深层含义。 考查形式：4 篇阅读理解，共15题，选材聚焦科技前沿、社会热点、中西文化、人文思辨。 衔接引导 初中阶段：初中阅读点对点找原句，直白浅显。 高中阶段：高中阅读重逻辑、重转述、重隐含，同一个答案分散在2～3个段落，是初高中阅读最大分水岭。 【初中阅读理解考点聚焦】 江苏中考阅读四大必考题型：细节理解题、词义猜测题、简单推理题、主旨大意题。 考点1 细节理解题 命题特点 题干常用 what/who/when/where/how/which 提问，答案原文原词可定位，选项基本是原文原句摘抄或小幅改写；近三年苏州中考 A 篇应用文全部为细节定位题。 解题口诀：圈关键词→回原文定位→原句比对选项。 1．2023 苏州中考A篇 Notice The summer art camp opens from July 10 to July 20; kids need to arrive before 8:30 a.m. every day. When should children get to camp? A. After 8:30 a.m. B. Before 8:30 a.m. C. At noon D. In the evening 【答案】B 【解析】关键词 arrive，原文 before 8:30 a.m. 直接匹配答案。 2．2024 无锡中考B篇 Lily spends one hour reading English newspapers after supper every day to improve her writing. Why does Lily read newspapers daily? A. For fun. B.To learn math. C. To kill time. D. To improve writing. 【答案】D 【解析】why 提问，原文 to improve her writing 精准定位。 考点2 词义猜测题 解题方法 1. 同义替换：and/or 连接近义词； 2. 转折反义：but/however 后为反义词； 3. 前后解释：逗号、that is、such as 举例释义 3．2022 南京中考C篇 Tom is lazy, however, his sister is diligent and always finishes homework ahead of time. What’s the meaning of “diligent”? A. lazy B. hardworking C. careless D. quiet 【答案】B 【解析】however 表转折，前后词义相反，由 lazy（懒惰的）可推出 diligent 表示勤奋的。 考点3 浅层推理判断题 标志性题干：What can we know/infer from…? 中考推理全部原文能找到依据，不用引申太多。 4．2023 常州中考B篇 Mike always shares snacks with classmates and helps classmates with difficult homework after school. We can infer Mike is ______. A. helpful B.strict C. quiet D. lazy 【答案】A 【解析】根据 share snacks、help classmates 两处细节，推出 Mike 乐于助人。 考点4 主旨大意和标题题 5．2023 南京中考 Many people enjoy keeping pets. Pets can bring happiness to their owners and help people feel less lonely. Besides, walking pets every day is a good way to keep healthy. What is the best title for the passage? A. Different kinds of pets B. The advantages of keeping pets C. How to feed small animals D. My lovely pet dog 【答案】B 【解析】首句点明养宠物，后文介绍养宠物的好处，A、C、D 只属于局部细节，故选 B。 6．2024 苏州中考阅读节选 Reading is a useful habit. It opens our eyes to the world and improves our writing skills. We can get lots of new knowledge from all kinds of books in our free time. Question: The best title is ______. A. Good habits in daily life B. Why reading is important C. Different useful books D. Ways to improve writing 【答案】B 【解析】段首总述阅读有益，后文具体说明阅读的作用，A 范围过大，C、D 为片面细节。 【高中阅读理解考点聚焦】 课标解读 高中在初中 4 类题型基础上升级：细节同义改写、深层逻辑推理、长难句词义推断、作者态度题、篇章结构题，新增高考独有的观点态度题。 考点清单 一、细节理解题 初中：选项 = 原文原句； 高中：选项全同义替换，原文找不到一模一样句子，需要同义转换。 2023 全国I卷C篇节选 Scientists cut down the usage of chemical fertilizer to protect soil from being damaged. What measure do scientists take to guard soil? A. Stop using all kinds of plants. B. Reduce the use of chemical fertilizer. C. Add more fertilizer into soil. D. Develop new kinds of soil. 【答案】B 【解析】cut down=reduce，protect=guard，本题考查高考细节必考的同义替换。 二、推理判断题 江苏新高考拉分题，分3级推理。 1. 细节推理（低阶）：从单句信息推导； 2. 段落推理（中阶）：整合整段逻辑； 3. 全文深层推理（高阶・D 篇必考）：结合首尾 + 全文主旨，推断隐含目的、人物心理。 2024全国I卷D篇节选 Many parents force teenagers to learn extra courses on weekends, but most kids feel tired and lose interest in study gradually. Experts warn blind training brings bad results to young people. Question: What can we infer from the paragraph? A. All parents make kids take after-school classes. B. Kids enjoy weekend training very much. C. Extra weekend courses do harm to students’ learning. D. Experts suggest stopping all after-class learning. 【答案】C 【解析】A 项 all 绝对化错误；B 项与原文 tired 语义相反；D 项 all 无原文依据；由 tired、lose interest、bad results 整合推出 C正确。 三、词义猜测题 高考升级：依托长难句 + 构词法 + 篇章逻辑，不再只靠就近连词。 高中新增词根词缀猜词、全文语境猜超纲词（江苏高考生词不超全文 3%）。 四、主旨大意和最佳标题题 1. 高中主旨不再局限首尾，转折句、因果句（so/therefore）是高频主旨句， 2. 标题 3 个排除原则： ①只概括细节 ②范围太大； ③偏离主题 五、作者态度题 高频态度词 正面：positive（积极）、supportive（支持）、approving（赞同） 负面：negative（消极）、critical（批判）、doubtful（怀疑） 中立：neutral（中立）、objective（客观） 解题：抓形容词、转折词、情态动词判断作者立场。 六、初高中阅读长难句衔接突破 初中多简单句；高中阅读大量定语从句、非谓语、插入语，拆分口诀：找连词→拆主句 + 从句 The girl standing beside the window who won the English prize last term plans to take part in national competition. 拆分：主句 The girl plans to take part in national competition. 定语 1：standing beside the window 定语 2：who won the English prize last term 一、基础过关 Passage 1 Four Excellent Museums for Kids to Explore An injection of knowledge, Leeds The Thackray Museum of Medicine in Leeds is giving a huge makeover recently. It features a Victorian street full of real smells and bugs, and presents shows of the impact of some terrible infectious diseases — malaria and flu before vaccinations. There are talks, displays, games as well as some information about health heroes over the years. Adults: £12; children aged 5-15: £10; children under 5: free. Follow that train, Walthamstow, London A huge steam engine stands at the entrance to the small, indoor-outdoor. Walthamstow Pumphouse Museum. Two 1967 Victoria Line carriages sit side by side with the cabs open to the would-be train drivers. Fireman Frank displays the fire engine featured in TV programs such as London’s Burning. Free entrance. Life through a lens, Edinburgh The Camera Obscura and World of Illusions experience in Edinburgh presents a unique view of the city in the past. With over 100 interactive exhibits on five floors, it is completely kid-friendly with no “don’t touch” signs. There’s a perspective room where younger children can dance with their own shadow, match their face with a monkey’s, serve their head on a plate and even lie on a shark. Adults: £16; children aged 5-15: £12; children under 5: free. Go back in time, Chichester, West Sussex Anybody who wants to see, touch and even smell what life was like in ancient times should head to the Weald and Downland Living Museum — a museum with rural buildings ranging from early medieval England to the Victorian Age, and a multisensory, living presentation. There are also farm animals to visit, a wood and playground to burn off energy, and traditional games in one big house if it rains. Family ticket: £42. 1．What is recently shown in the Thackray Museum of Medicine? A．Vaccinations to treat malaria. B．Streets of the Victorian period. C．Influence of diseases years ago. D．Information of medicine. 2．How much does it cost a couple with a child of five to experience the perspective room? A．£76. B．£44. C．£32. D．£16. 3．In what aspect do the four museums help visitors? A．Protecting the rural areas. B．Raising awareness of safety. C．Learning about life in the past. D．Engaging in engineering activities. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个适合孩子探索的优秀博物馆及其特色和票价信息。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据An injection of knowledge, Leeds部分中“It features a Victorian street full of real smells and bugs, and presents shows of the impact of some terrible infectious diseases — malaria and flu before vaccinations.(它以一条充满真实气味和虫子的维多利亚街道为特色，并展示了在接种疫苗前一些可怕的传染病——疟疾和流感的影响)”可知，Thackray医学博物馆最近展示的是多年前疾病的影响。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Life through a lens, Edinburgh部分中“Adults: £16; children aged 5-15: £12; children under 5: free.(成人：16英镑；5-15岁儿童：12英镑；5岁以下儿童免费)”以及“There’s a perspective room where younger children can dance with their own shadow, match their face with a monkey’s, serve their head on a plate and even lie on a shark.(有一个透视室，年幼的孩子们可以在那里和自己的影子跳舞，把自己的脸和猴子的脸配对，把自己的头放在盘子里，甚至躺在鲨鱼身上)”可知，一对夫妇和一个五岁的孩子体验透视室的费用是16+16+12=44英镑。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据An injection of knowledge, Leeds部分中“It features a Victorian street full of real smells and bugs, and presents shows of the impact of some terrible infectious diseases — malaria and flu before vaccinations.(它以一条充满真实气味和虫子的维多利亚街道为特色，并展示了在接种疫苗前一些可怕的传染病——疟疾和流感的影响)”；Follow that train, Walthamstow, London部分中“Two 1967 Victoria Line carriages sit side by side with the cabs open to the would-be train drivers.(两节1967年的维多利亚线车厢并排而坐，驾驶室向未来的火车司机敞开)”；Life through a lens, Edinburgh部分中“The Camera Obscura and World of Illusions experience in Edinburgh presents a unique view of the city in the past.(爱丁堡的暗箱和幻象世界体验为人们呈现了过去这座城市的独特视角)”以及Go back in time, Chichester, West Sussex部分中“Anybody who wants to see, touch and even smell what life was like in ancient times should head to the Weald and Downland Living Museum — a museum with rural buildings ranging from early medieval England to the Victorian Age, and a multisensory, living presentation.(任何想看看、摸摸甚至闻闻古代生活是什么样子的人都应该去Weald and Downland生活博物馆——这个博物馆的乡村建筑从英国中世纪早期到维多利亚时代，以及一个多感官、生动的展示)”可知，这四个博物馆在帮助游客了解过去的生活方面起到了作用。故选C。 Passage 2 Mark and Bert are good friends for most of their lives. A few years ago, when Mark was nine, he developed a serious disease (疾病). The disease took away the boy’s eyesight, part of his hearing and his ability to play his favorite sport. However, throughout the years, Bert remained his closest friend. They shared their love of Australian football and enjoyed talking about the Sydney Swans, their favorite team. Two weeks ago, I took my seat at Sydney Cricket Ground to watch the Swans. The old stadium (体育场) was full of fans. Shortly into the second quarter, I heard someone describing the match. It was Bert who was bringing the match to life. I turned and saw him. Mark was sitting next to him. Although he could not see anymore, Mark still loved the Swans very much. Usually, he went to the stadium and listened to the match on the radio. However, in the second quarter of that match, the radio broke down. That was when his friend Bert came in. I hardly paid attention to the Swans and Buddy, the team’s star player. Instead, I was listening to Bert and Mark. “What’s happening now? ” Mark asked. “Don’t worry, Mark, ”Bert said. “Okay. Buddy’s got it. Will he go for it? He’s going for it! It’s his tenth goal! Buddy is on fire! ”Mark listened carefully. He was lost in the magic of Australian football brought to life by his friend. And I was really moved by this heart-warming moment. 4．What did Mark and Bert have in common? A．They were fans of Buddy. B．They were at the same age. C．They loved Australian football. D．They had the same serious disease. 5．When did Bert come to help? A．When the match began. B．When the radio broke down. C．When Buddy got the tenth goal. D．When the second quarter was over. 6．What did Bert mean by saying “Buddy is on fire”? A．Buddy was angry. B．Buddy was in danger. C．Buddy was running so fast. D．Buddy was playing quite well. 7．What is Bert like according to the text? A．Kind and helpful. B．Brave and honest. C．Quiet and friendly. D．Serious and polite. 【答案】4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mark和Bert的友谊。Mark因疾病失去视力和部分听力，但Bert常伴左右。在某次比赛中，Bert为Mark解说比赛，体现了两人珍贵的友谊。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“They shared their love of Australian football and enjoyed talking about the Sydney Swans, their favorite team.(他们共同热爱澳大利亚足球，并喜欢谈论他们最喜欢的球队悉尼天鹅队。)”可知，Mark和Bert都热爱澳大利亚足球。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However, in the second quarter of that match, the radio broke down. That was when his friend Bert came in.(然而，在那场比赛的第二节，收音机坏了。这时他的朋友Bert介入了。)”可知，Bert是在广播失灵时帮助Mark的。故选B。 6．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Buddy’s got it. Will he go for it? He’s going for it! It’s his tenth goal! Buddy is on fire!(巴迪拿到了。 他会进球吗？他要进球了！这是他的第十个进球！Buddy is on fire！)”可知，Bert说的“Buddy is on fire”意思是Buddy发挥得很好。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Bert remained his closest friend.(Bert 仍然是他最亲密的朋友。)”和文章第三段“However, in the second quarter of that match, the radio broke down. That was when his friend Bert came in.(然而，在那场比赛的第二节，收音机出故障了。就在这时，他的朋友伯特进来了。)”可知，Bert一直陪伴在生病的Mark身边，在Mark的收音机坏了的时候，Bert帮助Mark了解比赛情况，由此可推测，Bert是善良且乐于助人的人。故选A。 二、衔接提升 Passage 3 While poetry matters a lot in our house, I know that not everybody is as readily moved by words as I am. That said, I think kids benefit when parents and caregivers help them experience the world through poetry. Poetry is important for a child's development, according to psychologist Dianne Jandrasits. Adults can create a secure attachment with kids by actively reading with them,especially between the ages of 0 and 5, and the sound of poetry can make the process fun. Poetry, Jandrasits says. can help a child learn to understand someone else 's feelings. “For a young child,” she says. "it all starts with someone understanding your feelings. And that's where parents and caregivers come in." Dave Lucas, a lecturer at Case Western Reserve University, says, “Poetry is that place where language is pleasure and not just communication." It's pretty simple. Poetry is music. It's about playing with language and sound. And kids love to play. Lucas talked about sharing poems with kindergartners, and how much kids love it when you tell them to just make some rhymes and be silly. “The problem, though, is that as kids get older, they lose that interest in playing with words. Kids get to school and have some negative experience with poetry. Either because it's inaccessible or boring, or it's too artsy (装艺术的）.” Lucas says. Gray-Kontar, like all the poets I spoke to, mentioned how important it is for caregivers to pay attention to what it is that their young person seems to like. whether it's a sport or some experience they're a part of, and then to select poems for them based on those interests. He suggests reaching out to a local librarian or looking up poetry readings online. The pandemic(大流行病） has been isolating for a lot of us, he says, but through poetry, we can connect with people we wouldn't necessarily meet. 8．In what way can poetry help kids according to Jandrasits? A．It can help them become more active. B．It can help them hold their feelings back. C．It can help them be independent of others. D．It can help them become more understanding. 9．What does Lucas insist on when it comes to teaching kids poetry? A．Making it fun. B．Reading it to music. C．Explaining its rules. D．Writing about silly things. 10．What's Lucas's attitude towards schools' way of teaching poetry? A．Uncertain. B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Dissatisfied. 11．What does Gray-Kontar advise caregivers to do? A．Read kids poetry that's available online. B．Develop kids' interest in different things. C．Choose poetry that's in agreement with kids' hobbies. D．Keep themselves informed of new poetry books. 【答案】8．D 9．A 10．D 11．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过引用几位名人的话告诉家长，和孩子一起读诗是很美妙，对孩子成长，亲子关系都很有益。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“ Poetry, Jandrasits says. can help a child learn to understand someone else 's feelings.( Jandrasits说，诗歌可以帮助孩子学会理解别人的感受)”可知，诗歌可以是孩子学会理解别人的感受，会更懂别人，更善解人意，和D项内容意思一致，understanding意为“善解人意的”。故选D项。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“Dave Lucas, a lecturer at Case Western Reserve University, says, “Poetry is that place where language is pleasure and not just communication." It's pretty simple. Poetry is music. It's about playing with language and sound. And kids love to play. Lucas talked about sharing poems with kindergartners, and how much kids love it when you tell them to just make some rhymes and be silly….( Case Western Reserve University讲师戴夫·卢卡斯Dave Lucas说:“在诗歌中，语言是一种乐趣，而不仅仅是交流。”它很简单。诗是音乐。它是关于语言和声音的游戏。孩子们喜欢玩。卢卡斯谈到了与幼儿园的孩子们分享诗歌，以及当你告诉他们只是做一些押韵开心就好的时候孩子们有多喜欢它)”可知，Lucas坚持主张让孩子学诗的过程快乐好玩。故选A项。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“The problem, though, is that as kids get older, they lose that interest in playing with words. Kids get to school and have some negative experience with poetry. Either because it's inaccessible or boring, or it's too artsy (装艺术的）.” Lucas says. (然而问题是，随着年龄的增长，孩子们会失去玩文字游戏的兴趣。孩子们上学后对诗歌有一些负面的体验。要么是因为它难以接近，要么太无聊，要么太艺术了)”可知，Lucas认为孩子上学后不喜欢诗歌了，尤其其中negative一词表明他对诗歌学校教育是不满意的。故选D项。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“…and then to select poems for them based on those interests.( 然后根据他们的兴趣为他们选择诗歌)”可知，Gray-Kontar建议家长选择符合孩子兴趣的诗歌。故选C项。 Passage4 Children whose minds wander (走神) might have sharper brains, a research suggests. A study has found that people who let their minds wander easily have more “working memory”, giving them the ability to hold a lot of information in their heads and control it cleverly. Children at school need this type of memory on a daily basis for different kinds of tasks, such as following teachers’ instructions or remembering dictated sentences. During the study, volunteers were asked to perform one simple task during which researchers kept asking if their minds were wandering. In the end, volunteers tested their ability to remember a series of letters mixed with simple maths questions. Daniel Levinson, a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the United States, said that those with higher working memory capacity (储存容量) reported “more mind wandering during these simple tasks”, but their performance did not deteriorate. The results, published online in the journal Psychological Science, seem to make sure that the former research found working memory allows humans to deal with many thoughts at the same time. Another researcher said, “This study seems to suggest that when the tasks aren’t very difficult, people with additional working memory capacity use them effectively to think about other things besides what they’re doing.” Working memory capacity is also connected with general measures (标准) of intelligence, such as reading comprehension and IQ scores. The results suggest the sorts of planning that people do quite often in daily life — when they are on the bus, when they are cycling to work, when they are in the shower — are probably supported by working memory. 12．What did the researchers ask the volunteers to do during the study? A．Question each other. B．Put on a performance. C．Remember mixed numbers. D．Carry out one easy task. 13．What does the underlined word “deteriorate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Become worse. B．Go well. C．Start quickly. D．Lose control. 14．What can be known about working memory? A．It stops useless thoughts. B．It changes with time going on. C．It helps with more tasks at one time. D．It causes worse performance during work. 15．What’s the text mainly about? A．How the working memory works. B．Working memory can be improved. C．Wandering minds are not something bad. D．Why people’s minds wander while working. 【答案】12．D 13．A 14．C 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文旨在介绍一项研究结果：走神的孩子可能更聪明，走神可能与更敏锐的大脑和工作记忆容量相关，表明走神并非坏事，反而可能反映认知能力的优势。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段“During the study, volunteers were asked to perform one simple task during which researchers kept asking if their minds were wandering.(在研究过程中，志愿者被要求执行一项简单的任务，在此过程中，研究人员不断询问他们是否在走神。)”可知，在研究期间志愿者被要求执行一项简单任务。故选D。 13．词句猜测题。划线词所在句“those with higher working memory capacity (储存容量) reported “more mind wandering during these simple tasks”, but their performance did not deteriorate(那些工作记忆能力较强的人报告“在完成这些简单任务时更容易走神”，但他们的表现并没有deteriorate)”讲“工作记忆能力较强的人更容易走神”，结合句中“but their performance...”可推知，前后句意有转折关系，尽管他们容易走神，但表现不会差。结合选项，划线词deteriorate与become worse意思相近，意为“变差”。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The results, published online in the journal Psychological Science, seem to make sure that the former research found working memory allows humans to deal with many thoughts at the same time.(该研究结果在线发表在《心理科学》杂志上，似乎证实了之前的研究发现工作记忆可以让人类同时处理许多想法)”和“This study seems to suggest that when the tasks aren’t very difficult, people with additional working memory capacity use them effectively to think about other things besides what they’re doing.(这项研究似乎表明，当任务不是很困难时，拥有额外工作记忆容量的人会有效地利用它们来思考他们正在做的事情之外的其他事情。)”可知，工作记忆能让人同时做几件事情。故选C。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Children whose minds wander (走神) might have sharper brains, a research suggests.(一项研究表明，走神的孩子大脑可能更敏锐。)”可知，本文主要介绍了走神的人可能有更聪明的头脑这一现象，因此主旨是C选项“Wandering minds are not something bad.(走神并不是坏事。)”。故选C。 A DiscoverCars. com has listed the best scenic spots in Europe for an autumn getaway. Here are the top four: Barcelona, Spain Barcelona takes first place, with the highest number of cheap restaurants and budget (经济型) hotels. There are many hidden treasures in Barcelona’s Gothic Quarter, so it’s a great city for explorers. Lisbon, Portugal Lisbon is listed in second place –also moving up one position from last year’s results. Lisbon has the highest average temperature from September to November out of all cities. The city is famous for its artists and its Fado music, so there’s plenty for people looking for culture. Berlin, Germany In third place is Berlin, offering a range of different experiences. If you are travelling to party, then the world famous clubs that call Berlin home could be for you. If you are looking for history, then few cities have been at the heart of world politics (政治) in the same way that Berlin has. Budapest, Hungary In fourth place is Budapest. Budapest has an average of 56mm of rainfall during the Autumn months, the second lowest out of all cities. Buda, famous for being quiet and beautiful and Pest, for its nightlife and tourist attractions, form two halves of Budapest and are separated by the Danube River. 1．Which city has the lowest cost of food and hotel stay? A．Barcelona, Spain. B．Lisbon, Portugal. C．Berlin, Germany. D．Budapest, Hungary. 2．Which cities would attract people who enjoy social life? A．Barcelona and Lisbon. B．Lisbon and Berlin. C．Berlin and Budapest. D．Budapest and Barcelona. 3．Which part of a magazine is this text probably taken from? A．Music. B．Business. C．Technology. D．Tourism. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了欧洲度假的四个最佳景点。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据小标题Barcelona, Spain下的“Barcelona takes first place, with the highest number of cheap restaurants and budget (经济型) hotels. (巴塞罗那位居第一，拥有最多的廉价餐厅和经济型酒店。)”可知，西班牙巴塞罗那的餐饮和酒店住宿成本最低，故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据小标题Berlin, Germany下的“If you are travelling to party, then the world famous clubs that call Berlin home could be for you. (如果你要去参加派对，那么以柏林为家的世界著名俱乐部可能适合你。)”及小标题Budapest, Hungary下的“Buda, famous for being quiet and beautiful and Pest, for its nightlife and tourist attractions, form two halves of Budapest and are separated by the Danube River. (布达以安静和美丽而闻名，佩斯以其夜生活和旅游景点而闻名，构成了布达佩斯的两半，被多瑙河隔开。)”可知，柏林和布达佩斯会吸引喜欢社交生活的人，故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“DiscoverCars. com has listed the best scenic spots in Europe for an autumn getaway. (DiscoverCars. com列出了欧洲秋季度假的最佳景点。)”可知，文章可能选材于杂志的旅游部分，故选D项。 B They say there are three ways to experience the Grand Canyon; on foot, on mules (骡子) or by air. We chose the first. Up early, my husband and I and our three children couldn’t wait to get started. We decided to walk along a lovely path named Bright Angel Trail. As we set out, I was shocked at how narrow the path was. And I couldn’t help noticing that the other tourists weren’t like us. They had heavy backpacks, water bottles, and hats, but as usual we were dressed. As the sun rose higher, Arizona’s famous heat seemed to roast us. There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind. By the time we finally got back, our legs were like jelly. The next day, after we’d had along rest and a good breakfast, we were ready for another view of the Canyon — by air. After our last walk, this would be the easiest thing in the world. We called to each other excitedly as the plane circled around the Canyon. But the smiles on our faces disappeared as the pilot tossed (翻转) the plane around, pretending he was going to hit the ground. I shouted, “STOP, TAKE US BACK!” When we finally arrived back on land, once again our legs were like jelly. We hardly spoke as we drove back. As I said, there are three ways to view the Grand Canyon. We never tried the mules, but personally I’d suggest a fourth: buy yourself a good magazine like National Geographic. That way, you can see the Canyon, without fear or tiredness. 4．According to the second paragraph, which of the following is TRUE? A．They made careful preparations before the trip. B．The children were more excited than their parents. C．The heat didn’t prevent them from finishing the walk. D．Bright Angel Trail was not as lovely as they expected. 5．The underlined sentence “Our legs were like jelly.” in paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．We were tired B．We were injured C．We were relaxed D．We were energetic 6．Why did the family hardly speak as they drove back? A．Because the pilot almost hit the ground. B．Because they got frightened on the plane. C．Because they arrived back on land later than expected. D．Because the plane only circled around the Grand Canyon once. 7．We can infer from the last paragraph that ________. A．a good magazine about the Grand Canyon is more affordable B．visiting the Grand Canyon on mules would be the best option C．the trip to the Grand Canyon does not necessarily suit everyone D．there can be more exciting ways to view the Grand Canyon in person 【答案】4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家的大峡谷游玩之旅，他们先选择了徒步去游览，结果非常疲惫，第二天又选择了乘飞机游览，结果受到了惊吓。 【详解】4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“As we set out, I was shocked at how narrow the path was. (当我们出发时，我惊讶于这条路是多么的狭窄)”和“As the sun rose higher, Arizona’s famous heat seemed to roast us. There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind. (太阳越升越高，亚利桑那著名的高温似乎在烤着我们。没有树荫，我们的腿很痛。我们决定回去，女孩在我背上，男孩们在后面很远的地方)”可知，作者一家没有想到这条路这么狭窄，在徒步的过程中他们得忍受高温，腿很痛，孩子们都走不动路了。由此可知，光明天使小径并不像他们想象的那么令人愉快。故选D项。 5．词句猜测题。根据画线词的前文“As the sun rose higher, Arizona’s famous heat seemed to roast us. There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind. (太阳越升越高，亚利桑那著名的高温似乎在烤着我们。没有树荫，我们的腿很痛。我们决定回去，女孩在我背上，男孩们在后面很远的地方)”可知，作者一家忍受着高温、腿痛之苦，孩子们甚至都走不动路了。由此推知，画线句意思应该是“我们非常累”。故选A项。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“But the smiles on our faces disappeared as the pilot tossed (翻转) the plane around, pretending he was going to hit the ground. I shouted, “STOP, TAKE US BACK!” (但我们脸上的笑容消失了，因为飞行员把飞机来回翻转，假装要撞到地面。我喊道：“停下，带我们回去！”)”可知，作者一家乘飞机游览大峡谷的时候，飞行员翻转飞机，假装快要撞倒地面，引发了大家的恐惧，所以回去的时候他们几乎没有说话。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As I said, there are three ways to view the Grand Canyon. We never tried the mules, but personally I’d suggest a fourth: buy yourself a good magazine like National Geographic. That way, you can see the Canyon, without fear or tiredness. (正如我所说，观赏大峡谷有三种方式。我们从来没有尝试过骡子，但我个人建议第四个：给自己买一本好的杂志，比如《国家地理》。这样，你就可以看到峡谷，没有恐惧和疲劳)”可知，作者以开玩笑的方式建议读者不必亲自去游览大峡谷，而是看看就好，因为亲自去很有可能会经历恐惧和疲劳。由此推知，大峡谷之旅不一定适合每个人。故选C项。 C Have you ever made a mistake? Mistakes make us feel silly but everyone makes them. Even scientists, who often appear to know exactly what they are doing, are guilty of having accidents. The truth is, mistakes can often make science exciting because they can open your eyes to possibilities that you might never have considered. Sometimes scientists discover a hidden purpose for an invention that already exists. In the 1940s, American engineer Percy Spencer worked on a radar magnetron (雷达磁控智) to find ships. While he was working, the machine was pointing towards his pocket due to his carelessness. After a while, he noticed that a chocolate bar he had put there had melted (m). Confused, he tried to see if anything else would melt, Spencer put an egg in front of the machine and after a few seconds, the egg exploded. Once he realised that energy from the machine could cook food fast, he designed a box to trap the radiation inside. From that the microwave oven (微波炉) came into being. Ice lollies (冰棍) are an example of a delicious mistake. They were invented when Frank Epperson, a boy in the US, placed a wooden stick in a glass of juice. The juice froze around the stick and when he took it out the next day, he realised what a good idea it was to have something by which to hold a frozen sweet treat. He decided to call his creation a Popsicle. Actually, almost all inventors have something in common. You never know what you’ll discover if you try new things ― and it won’t always be what you planned. As long as you keep an open mind, you might find the next big thing. 8．According to the first paragraph, mistakes ________. A．can push forward scientific development B．can test if a person is silly or smart C．relate closely to our sense of guilt D．come from small daily accidents 9．What was a key to Spencer’s invention of the microwave oven? A．He used a radar magnetron to find ships. B．A chocolate bar melted in the machine. C．The magnetron pointed to his pocket. D．He exploded an egg inside the box he made. 10．What did Frank do to create ice lollies? A．He left a stick in juice. B．He tasted a sweet treat. C．He added sweets to water. D．He placed fruit in a glass 11．According to the author, what do most inventors have in common? A．They keep an open mind about people around them. B．They learn from their mistakes to work efficiently. C．They gain success through repeated failures. D．They see possibilities in their mistakes. 【答案】8．A 9．C 10．A 11．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是通过具体事例阐述了错误在科学发现和发明创造中的积极作用，鼓励读者保持开放的心态，勇于尝试新事物。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“The truth is, mistakes can often make science exciting because they can open your eyes to possibilities that you might never have considered. (事实上，错误往往能使科学变得有趣，因为它能让你看到你可能从未考虑过的可能性。)”可知，错误能推动科学发展。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“While he was working, the machine was pointing towards his pocket due to his carelessness. After a while, he noticed that a chocolate bar he had put there had melted. Confused, he tried to see if anything else would melt, Spencer put an egg in front of the machine and after a few seconds, the egg exploded. Once he realised that energy from the machine could cook food fast, he designed a box to trap the radiation inside. From that the microwave oven (微波炉) came into being.(当他工作时，由于粗心，机器指向了他的口袋。过了一会儿，他注意到他放在那里的巧克力棒已经融化了。过了一会儿，他发现他放在那里的一块巧克力已经融化了。斯宾塞很困惑，试图看看是否还有其他东西会融化，斯宾塞将一个鸡蛋放在机器前，几秒钟后，鸡蛋爆炸了。当他意识到机器产生的能量可以快速烹饪食物时，他设计了一个盒子来将辐射捕获在里面。由此微波炉应运而生。)”可知，磁控管指向他的口袋所以他才会注意到机器产生的能量能烹饪食物，这是斯宾塞发明微波炉的关键。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“They were invented when Frank Epperson, a boy in the US, placed a wooden stick in a glass of juice. The juice froze around the stick and when he took it out the next day, he realised what a good idea it was to have something by which to hold a frozen sweet treat. (它们是由美国男孩弗兰克·埃珀森发明的，他把一根木棍放在一杯果汁里。果汁冻在木棍周围，第二天他拿出来时，意识到有一个可以拿着冷冻甜食的东西是个好主意。)”可知，弗兰克把木棍留在果汁里这使得他发明出了冰棍。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Actually, almost all inventors have something in common. You never know what you’ll discover if you try new things―and it won’t always be what you planned. As long as you keep an open mind, you might find the next big thing. (实际上，几乎所有的发明家都有共同点。如果你尝试新事物，你永远不知道你会发现什么——而且它并不总是你计划的那样。只要你保持开放的心态，你可能会发现下一个伟大的事物。)”可知，作者认为大多数发明家的共同点是他们能从错误中看到可能性。故选D。 D Chinese high schools differ from American high schools in many ways. The class structure (结构) is different. Students have each class in a different room with a different set of classmates in America, while Chinese students remain in the same classroom all day. In addition to the structural difference, Chinese high schools also differ from American high schools in the college application process (大学申请过程) that students undergo. In the United States, colleges use an application system that considers a student's high school grades, standardized test scores, after-school activities. teacher recommendations, and often a personal interview. Usually, the last few months of senior year has little work. The Chinese college admission process is very different. College acceptance is depended on standardized examinations held once a year at the end of each school year. Although students take tests at the end of their first and second years of high school, the test that really matters is the exam taken at the end of their final year of high school. The main way in which Chinese and American high schools differ is in the way information is taught. In America, personal expression is valued heavily. Many classes are based on discussion of the material, and teachers expect students to join in this dialogue, so the classroom can become noisy. Classroom participation (参与), meaning how a student contributes to the class discussion, is an important part of a student's grade, so a student who works hard but never speaks up could receive a lower grade as a result. Chinese classrooms do not place this same importance on classroom participation. Class is based on the teacher talking and the students listening quietly. Respect (尊敬) for teachers is far more important. When a student is asked to speak, he or she is expected to stand. This classroom is more formal and respectful. But it also means less communication between the teacher and students. 12．What is the class structure for students in America? A．They have one teacher. B．They study in the same classroom. C．They have the same classmates. D．They have different classmates and classrooms. 13．What are paragraphs 4、5 mainly about? A．Different class structures. B．The way information is taught. C．How to get high marks in the final year of high school. D．The differences of the college application process between America and China. 14．How can a student most probably get a high mark in an American class? A．By being noisy B．By being active in class discussion. C．By having respect for teachers. D．By working hard and not speaking. 15．How does the author develop the text? A．By listing numbers. B．By following time order. C．By presenting research findings. D．By comparing the differences. 【答案】12．D 13．D 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国的高中与美国的高中在很多方面的不同。 【详解】12．细节理解题。根据第二段“The class structure(结构)is different. Students have each class in a different room with a different set of classmates in America, while Chinese students remain in the same classroom all day.(班级结构是不同的。在美国，学生们在不同的教室和不同的同学一起上课，而中国学生整天都呆在同一个教室里。)”可知，美国课堂结构是学生在不同的教室与不同的同学学习。故选D。 13．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In addition to the structural difference, Chinese high schools also differ from American high schools in the college application process (大学申请过程) that students undergo.(除了结构上的差异，中国高中在学生申请大学的过程中也与美国高中不同。)”和第四段、第五段可知，第四段和第五段主要讲中美两国大学申请过程的不同。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据第七段“In America, personal expression is valued heavily. Many classes are based on discussion of the material, and teachers expect students to join in this dialogue, so the classroom can become noisy. Classroom participation (参与), meaning how a student contributes to the class discussion, is an important part of a student's grade, so a student who works hard but never speaks up could receive a lower grade as a result.(在美国，个人表达是非常重要的。许多课程都是基于对材料的讨论，老师希望学生加入到这种对话中来，所以教室会变得嘈杂。课堂参与度，也就是学生对课堂讨论的参与程度，是学生成绩的重要组成部分，因此，一个努力学习但从不发言的学生可能会因此得到较低的分数。)”可推断，在美国课堂积极参与课堂讨论的同学最有可能得高分。故选B。 15．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Chinese high schools differ irom American high schools in many ways.(中国的高中与美国的高中在很多方面不同。)”可知，作者是通过对比中美两国高中差异来展开全文的。故选D。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点10 阅读理解 初中视角 高中展望 篇幅与词汇：单篇阅读 200～300 词，课标 1600 词汇，长难句少，以简单句、并列句为主；A 篇多广告 / 通知应用文、B篇 记叙文、C篇和D篇 简单说明文。 题型占比：细节题 65%～70%（原文原句直接找答案）、词义猜测 10%、简单推理 10%、主旨题 5%；无作者态度深层考查。 解题逻辑：原文原词定位，答案大多原文照搬，几乎不用跨段概括、深层推断。 考查形式：4 篇阅读理解，共15题，选材校园、家庭生活、动植物科普、简易文化故事。 篇幅与词汇：单篇 350～500 词，考纲 3500 + 词汇，复合句、非谓语、定语从句密集；体裁新增议论文、社科科普、文学节选、新闻评述。 题型占比：细节题 50%、推理判断题 25%、词义猜测 10%、主旨 / 标题 10%、作者观点态度 5%；高考推理题是拉分核心。 解题逻辑：答案极少原文原句，多同义改写、跨段整合、隐性逻辑推导，需要梳理文章框架、区分表象与深层含义。 考查形式：4 篇阅读理解，共15题，选材聚焦科技前沿、社会热点、中西文化、人文思辨。 衔接引导 初中阶段：初中阅读点对点找原句，直白浅显。 高中阶段：高中阅读重逻辑、重转述、重隐含，同一个答案分散在2～3个段落，是初高中阅读最大分水岭。 【初中阅读理解考点聚焦】 江苏中考阅读四大必考题型：细节理解题、词义猜测题、简单推理题、主旨大意题。 考点1 细节理解题 命题特点 题干常用 what/who/when/where/how/which 提问，答案原文原词可定位，选项基本是原文原句摘抄或小幅改写；近三年苏州中考 A 篇应用文全部为细节定位题。 解题口诀：圈关键词→回原文定位→原句比对选项。 1．2023 苏州中考A篇 Notice The summer art camp opens from July 10 to July 20; kids need to arrive before 8:30 a.m. every day. When should children get to camp? A. After 8:30 a.m. B. Before 8:30 a.m. C. At noon D. In the evening 2．2024 无锡中考B篇 Lily spends one hour reading English newspapers after supper every day to improve her writing. Why does Lily read newspapers daily? A. For fun. B.To learn math. C. To kill time. D. To improve writing. 考点2 词义猜测题 解题方法 1. 同义替换：and/or 连接近义词； 2. 转折反义：but/however 后为反义词； 3. 前后解释：逗号、that is、such as 举例释义 3．2022 南京中考C篇 Tom is lazy, however, his sister is diligent and always finishes homework ahead of time. What’s the meaning of “diligent”? A. lazy B. hardworking C. careless D. quiet 考点3 浅层推理判断题 标志性题干：What can we know/infer from…? 中考推理全部原文能找到依据，不用引申太多。 4．2023 常州中考B篇 Mike always shares snacks with classmates and helps classmates with difficult homework after school. We can infer Mike is ______. A. helpful B.strict C. quiet D. lazy 考点4 主旨大意和标题题 5．2023 南京中考 Many people enjoy keeping pets. Pets can bring happiness to their owners and help people feel less lonely. Besides, walking pets every day is a good way to keep healthy. What is the best title for the passage? A. Different kinds of pets B. The advantages of keeping pets C. How to feed small animals D. My lovely pet dog 6．2024 苏州中考阅读节选 Reading is a useful habit. It opens our eyes to the world and improves our writing skills. We can get lots of new knowledge from all kinds of books in our free time. Question: The best title is ______. A. Good habits in daily life B. Why reading is important C. Different useful books D. Ways to improve writing 【高中阅读理解考点聚焦】 课标解读 高中在初中 4 类题型基础上升级：细节同义改写、深层逻辑推理、长难句词义推断、作者态度题、篇章结构题，新增高考独有的观点态度题。 考点清单 一、细节理解题 初中：选项 = 原文原句； 高中：选项全同义替换，原文找不到一模一样句子，需要同义转换。 2023 全国I卷C篇节选 Scientists cut down the usage of chemical fertilizer to protect soil from being damaged. What measure do scientists take to guard soil? A. Stop using all kinds of plants. B. Reduce the use of chemical fertilizer. C. Add more fertilizer into soil. D. Develop new kinds of soil. 二、推理判断题 江苏新高考拉分题，分3级推理。 1. 细节推理（低阶）：从单句信息推导； 2. 段落推理（中阶）：整合整段逻辑； 3. 全文深层推理（高阶・D 篇必考）：结合首尾 + 全文主旨，推断隐含目的、人物心理。 2024全国I卷D篇节选 Many parents force teenagers to learn extra courses on weekends, but most kids feel tired and lose interest in study gradually. Experts warn blind training brings bad results to young people. Question: What can we infer from the paragraph? A. All parents make kids take after-school classes. B. Kids enjoy weekend training very much. C. Extra weekend courses do harm to students’ learning. D. Experts suggest stopping all after-class learning. 三、词义猜测题 高考升级：依托长难句 + 构词法 + 篇章逻辑，不再只靠就近连词。 高中新增词根词缀猜词、全文语境猜超纲词（江苏高考生词不超全文 3%）。 四、主旨大意和最佳标题题 1. 高中主旨不再局限首尾，转折句、因果句（so/therefore）是高频主旨句， 2. 标题 3 个排除原则： ①只概括细节 ②范围太大； ③偏离主题 五、作者态度题 高频态度词 正面：positive（积极）、supportive（支持）、approving（赞同） 负面：negative（消极）、critical（批判）、doubtful（怀疑） 中立：neutral（中立）、objective（客观） 解题：抓形容词、转折词、情态动词判断作者立场。 六、初高中阅读长难句衔接突破 初中多简单句；高中阅读大量定语从句、非谓语、插入语，拆分口诀：找连词→拆主句 + 从句 The girl standing beside the window who won the English prize last term plans to take part in national competition. 拆分：主句 The girl plans to take part in national competition. 定语 1：standing beside the window 定语 2：who won the English prize last term 一、基础过关 Four Excellent Museums for Kids to Explore An injection of knowledge, Leeds The Thackray Museum of Medicine in Leeds is giving a huge makeover recently. It features a Victorian street full of real smells and bugs, and presents shows of the impact of some terrible infectious diseases — malaria and flu before vaccinations. There are talks, displays, games as well as some information about health heroes over the years. Adults: £12; children aged 5-15: £10; children under 5: free. Follow that train, Walthamstow, London A huge steam engine stands at the entrance to the small, indoor-outdoor. Walthamstow Pumphouse Museum. Two 1967 Victoria Line carriages sit side by side with the cabs open to the would-be train drivers. Fireman Frank displays the fire engine featured in TV programs such as London’s Burning. Free entrance. Life through a lens, Edinburgh The Camera Obscura and World of Illusions experience in Edinburgh presents a unique view of the city in the past. With over 100 interactive exhibits on five floors, it is completely kid-friendly with no “don’t touch” signs. There’s a perspective room where younger children can dance with their own shadow, match their face with a monkey’s, serve their head on a plate and even lie on a shark. Adults: £16; children aged 5-15: £12; children under 5: free. Go back in time, Chichester, West Sussex Anybody who wants to see, touch and even smell what life was like in ancient times should head to the Weald and Downland Living Museum — a museum with rural buildings ranging from early medieval England to the Victorian Age, and a multisensory, living presentation. There are also farm animals to visit, a wood and playground to burn off energy, and traditional games in one big house if it rains. Family ticket: £42. 1．What is recently shown in the Thackray Museum of Medicine? A．Vaccinations to treat malaria. B．Streets of the Victorian period. C．Influence of diseases years ago. D．Information of medicine. 2．How much does it cost a couple with a child of five to experience the perspective room? A．£76. B．£44. C．£32. D．£16. 3．In what aspect do the four museums help visitors? A．Protecting the rural areas. B．Raising awareness of safety. C．Learning about life in the past. D．Engaging in engineering activities. Mark and Bert are good friends for most of their lives. A few years ago, when Mark was nine, he developed a serious disease (疾病). The disease took away the boy’s eyesight, part of his hearing and his ability to play his favorite sport. However, throughout the years, Bert remained his closest friend. They shared their love of Australian football and enjoyed talking about the Sydney Swans, their favorite team. Two weeks ago, I took my seat at Sydney Cricket Ground to watch the Swans. The old stadium (体育场) was full of fans. Shortly into the second quarter, I heard someone describing the match. It was Bert who was bringing the match to life. I turned and saw him. Mark was sitting next to him. Although he could not see anymore, Mark still loved the Swans very much. Usually, he went to the stadium and listened to the match on the radio. However, in the second quarter of that match, the radio broke down. That was when his friend Bert came in. I hardly paid attention to the Swans and Buddy, the team’s star player. Instead, I was listening to Bert and Mark. “What’s happening now? ” Mark asked. “Don’t worry, Mark, ”Bert said. “Okay. Buddy’s got it. Will he go for it? He’s going for it! It’s his tenth goal! Buddy is on fire! ”Mark listened carefully. He was lost in the magic of Australian football brought to life by his friend. And I was really moved by this heart-warming moment. 4．What did Mark and Bert have in common? A．They were fans of Buddy. B．They were at the same age. C．They loved Australian football. D．They had the same serious disease. 5．When did Bert come to help? A．When the match began. B．When the radio broke down. C．When Buddy got the tenth goal. D．When the second quarter was over. 6．What did Bert mean by saying “Buddy is on fire”? A．Buddy was angry. B．Buddy was in danger. C．Buddy was running so fast. D．Buddy was playing quite well. 7．What is Bert like according to the text? A．Kind and helpful. B．Brave and honest. C．Quiet and friendly. D．Serious and polite. 二、衔接提升 While poetry matters a lot in our house, I know that not everybody is as readily moved by words as I am. That said, I think kids benefit when parents and caregivers help them experience the world through poetry. Poetry is important for a child's development, according to psychologist Dianne Jandrasits. Adults can create a secure attachment with kids by actively reading with them,especially between the ages of 0 and 5, and the sound of poetry can make the process fun. Poetry, Jandrasits says. can help a child learn to understand someone else 's feelings. “For a young child,” she says. "it all starts with someone understanding your feelings. And that's where parents and caregivers come in." Dave Lucas, a lecturer at Case Western Reserve University, says, “Poetry is that place where language is pleasure and not just communication." It's pretty simple. Poetry is music. It's about playing with language and sound. And kids love to play. Lucas talked about sharing poems with kindergartners, and how much kids love it when you tell them to just make some rhymes and be silly. “The problem, though, is that as kids get older, they lose that interest in playing with words. Kids get to school and have some negative experience with poetry. Either because it's inaccessible or boring, or it's too artsy (装艺术的）.” Lucas says. Gray-Kontar, like all the poets I spoke to, mentioned how important it is for caregivers to pay attention to what it is that their young person seems to like. whether it's a sport or some experience they're a part of, and then to select poems for them based on those interests. He suggests reaching out to a local librarian or looking up poetry readings online. The pandemic(大流行病） has been isolating for a lot of us, he says, but through poetry, we can connect with people we wouldn't necessarily meet. 8．In what way can poetry help kids according to Jandrasits? A．It can help them become more active. B．It can help them hold their feelings back. C．It can help them be independent of others. D．It can help them become more understanding. 9．What does Lucas insist on when it comes to teaching kids poetry? A．Making it fun. B．Reading it to music. C．Explaining its rules. D．Writing about silly things. 10．What's Lucas's attitude towards schools' way of teaching poetry? A．Uncertain. B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Dissatisfied. 11．What does Gray-Kontar advise caregivers to do? A．Read kids poetry that's available online. B．Develop kids' interest in different things. C．Choose poetry that's in agreement with kids' hobbies. D．Keep themselves informed of new poetry books. Children whose minds wander (走神) might have sharper brains, a research suggests. A study has found that people who let their minds wander easily have more “working memory”, giving them the ability to hold a lot of information in their heads and control it cleverly. Children at school need this type of memory on a daily basis for different kinds of tasks, such as following teachers’ instructions or remembering dictated sentences. During the study, volunteers were asked to perform one simple task during which researchers kept asking if their minds were wandering. In the end, volunteers tested their ability to remember a series of letters mixed with simple maths questions. Daniel Levinson, a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the United States, said that those with higher working memory capacity (储存容量) reported “more mind wandering during these simple tasks”, but their performance did not deteriorate. The results, published online in the journal Psychological Science, seem to make sure that the former research found working memory allows humans to deal with many thoughts at the same time. Another researcher said, “This study seems to suggest that when the tasks aren’t very difficult, people with additional working memory capacity use them effectively to think about other things besides what they’re doing.” Working memory capacity is also connected with general measures (标准) of intelligence, such as reading comprehension and IQ scores. The results suggest the sorts of planning that people do quite often in daily life — when they are on the bus, when they are cycling to work, when they are in the shower — are probably supported by working memory. 12．What did the researchers ask the volunteers to do during the study? A．Question each other. B．Put on a performance. C．Remember mixed numbers. D．Carry out one easy task. 13．What does the underlined word “deteriorate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Become worse. B．Go well. C．Start quickly. D．Lose control. 14．What can be known about working memory? A．It stops useless thoughts. B．It changes with time going on. C．It helps with more tasks at one time. D．It causes worse performance during work. 15．What’s the text mainly about? A．How the working memory works. B．Working memory can be improved. C．Wandering minds are not something bad. D．Why people’s minds wander while working. A DiscoverCars. com has listed the best scenic spots in Europe for an autumn getaway. Here are the top four: Barcelona, Spain Barcelona takes first place, with the highest number of cheap restaurants and budget (经济型) hotels. There are many hidden treasures in Barcelona’s Gothic Quarter, so it’s a great city for explorers. Lisbon, Portugal Lisbon is listed in second place –also moving up one position from last year’s results. Lisbon has the highest average temperature from September to November out of all cities. The city is famous for its artists and its Fado music, so there’s plenty for people looking for culture. Berlin, Germany In third place is Berlin, offering a range of different experiences. If you are travelling to party, then the world famous clubs that call Berlin home could be for you. If you are looking for history, then few cities have been at the heart of world politics (政治) in the same way that Berlin has. Budapest, Hungary In fourth place is Budapest. Budapest has an average of 56mm of rainfall during the Autumn months, the second lowest out of all cities. Buda, famous for being quiet and beautiful and Pest, for its nightlife and tourist attractions, form two halves of Budapest and are separated by the Danube River. 1．Which city has the lowest cost of food and hotel stay? A．Barcelona, Spain. B．Lisbon, Portugal. C．Berlin, Germany. D．Budapest, Hungary. 2．Which cities would attract people who enjoy social life? A．Barcelona and Lisbon. B．Lisbon and Berlin. C．Berlin and Budapest. D．Budapest and Barcelona. 3．Which part of a magazine is this text probably taken from? A．Music. B．Business. C．Technology. D．Tourism. B They say there are three ways to experience the Grand Canyon; on foot, on mules (骡子) or by air. We chose the first. Up early, my husband and I and our three children couldn’t wait to get started. We decided to walk along a lovely path named Bright Angel Trail. As we set out, I was shocked at how narrow the path was. And I couldn’t help noticing that the other tourists weren’t like us. They had heavy backpacks, water bottles, and hats, but as usual we were dressed. As the sun rose higher, Arizona’s famous heat seemed to roast us. There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind. By the time we finally got back, our legs were like jelly. The next day, after we’d had along rest and a good breakfast, we were ready for another view of the Canyon — by air. After our last walk, this would be the easiest thing in the world. We called to each other excitedly as the plane circled around the Canyon. But the smiles on our faces disappeared as the pilot tossed (翻转) the plane around, pretending he was going to hit the ground. I shouted, “STOP, TAKE US BACK!” When we finally arrived back on land, once again our legs were like jelly. We hardly spoke as we drove back. As I said, there are three ways to view the Grand Canyon. We never tried the mules, but personally I’d suggest a fourth: buy yourself a good magazine like National Geographic. That way, you can see the Canyon, without fear or tiredness. 4．According to the second paragraph, which of the following is TRUE? A．They made careful preparations before the trip. B．The children were more excited than their parents. C．The heat didn’t prevent them from finishing the walk. D．Bright Angel Trail was not as lovely as they expected. 5．The underlined sentence “Our legs were like jelly.” in paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．We were tired B．We were injured C．We were relaxed D．We were energetic 6．Why did the family hardly speak as they drove back? A．Because the pilot almost hit the ground. B．Because they got frightened on the plane. C．Because they arrived back on land later than expected. D．Because the plane only circled around the Grand Canyon once. 7．We can infer from the last paragraph that ________. A．a good magazine about the Grand Canyon is more affordable B．visiting the Grand Canyon on mules would be the best option C．the trip to the Grand Canyon does not necessarily suit everyone D．there can be more exciting ways to view the Grand Canyon in person C Have you ever made a mistake? Mistakes make us feel silly but everyone makes them. Even scientists, who often appear to know exactly what they are doing, are guilty of having accidents. The truth is, mistakes can often make science exciting because they can open your eyes to possibilities that you might never have considered. Sometimes scientists discover a hidden purpose for an invention that already exists. In the 1940s, American engineer Percy Spencer worked on a radar magnetron (雷达磁控智) to find ships. While he was working, the machine was pointing towards his pocket due to his carelessness. After a while, he noticed that a chocolate bar he had put there had melted (m). Confused, he tried to see if anything else would melt, Spencer put an egg in front of the machine and after a few seconds, the egg exploded. Once he realised that energy from the machine could cook food fast, he designed a box to trap the radiation inside. From that the microwave oven (微波炉) came into being. Ice lollies (冰棍) are an example of a delicious mistake. They were invented when Frank Epperson, a boy in the US, placed a wooden stick in a glass of juice. The juice froze around the stick and when he took it out the next day, he realised what a good idea it was to have something by which to hold a frozen sweet treat. He decided to call his creation a Popsicle. Actually, almost all inventors have something in common. You never know what you’ll discover if you try new things ― and it won’t always be what you planned. As long as you keep an open mind, you might find the next big thing. 8．According to the first paragraph, mistakes ________. A．can push forward scientific development B．can test if a person is silly or smart C．relate closely to our sense of guilt D．come from small daily accidents 9．What was a key to Spencer’s invention of the microwave oven? A．He used a radar magnetron to find ships. B．A chocolate bar melted in the machine. C．The magnetron pointed to his pocket. D．He exploded an egg inside the box he made. 10．What did Frank do to create ice lollies? A．He left a stick in juice. B．He tasted a sweet treat. C．He added sweets to water. D．He placed fruit in a glass 11．According to the author, what do most inventors have in common? A．They keep an open mind about people around them. B．They learn from their mistakes to work efficiently. C．They gain success through repeated failures. D．They see possibilities in their mistakes. D Chinese high schools differ from American high schools in many ways. The class structure (结构) is different. Students have each class in a different room with a different set of classmates in America, while Chinese students remain in the same classroom all day. In addition to the structural difference, Chinese high schools also differ from American high schools in the college application process (大学申请过程) that students undergo. In the United States, colleges use an application system that considers a student's high school grades, standardized test scores, after-school activities. teacher recommendations, and often a personal interview. Usually, the last few months of senior year has little work. The Chinese college admission process is very different. College acceptance is depended on standardized examinations held once a year at the end of each school year. Although students take tests at the end of their first and second years of high school, the test that really matters is the exam taken at the end of their final year of high school. The main way in which Chinese and American high schools differ is in the way information is taught. In America, personal expression is valued heavily. Many classes are based on discussion of the material, and teachers expect students to join in this dialogue, so the classroom can become noisy. Classroom participation (参与), meaning how a student contributes to the class discussion, is an important part of a student's grade, so a student who works hard but never speaks up could receive a lower grade as a result. Chinese classrooms do not place this same importance on classroom participation. Class is based on the teacher talking and the students listening quietly. Respect (尊敬) for teachers is far more important. When a student is asked to speak, he or she is expected to stand. This classroom is more formal and respectful. But it also means less communication between the teacher and students. 12．What is the class structure for students in America? A．They have one teacher. B．They study in the same classroom. C．They have the same classmates. D．They have different classmates and classrooms. 13．What are paragraphs 4、5 mainly about? A．Different class structures. B．The way information is taught. C．How to get high marks in the final year of high school. D．The differences of the college application process between America and China. 14．How can a student most probably get a high mark in an American class? A．By being noisy B．By being active in class discussion. C．By having respect for teachers. D．By working hard and not speaking. 15．How does the author develop the text? A．By listing numbers. B．By following time order. C．By presenting research findings. D．By comparing the differences. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $