Unit 8 Making a Difference 知识点总结&综合练习 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语Unit 8知识清单系统梳理了“Making a Difference”单元核心内容，涵盖高频考点拓展、词汇词块归纳、用法总结及现在完成时语法，搭建从基础知识点到语法应用再到综合练习的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类梳理（考点、词汇、语法）和分级呈现（基础到拓展）构建知识体系，如标注“make a difference”等高频短语用法，提供“provide双宾语结构”对比表，设计现在完成时延续性动词转换表，融入中考真题练习。既提升学生语言能力和思维品质，又通过清晰知识框架支持不同水平学生自主学习，助力教师精准设计教学活动。

Unit 8 Making a Difference 知识点总结&综合练习 Part1 基础考点梳理 高频考点拓展 1. make a difference 有（重要）作用 该短语中, difference前还可用big、great等 词修饰，也可将a改为no、much等词。 make a difference to sb./ sth. 对某人/某事（物）有影响/起作用 · If everyone can do something good, it will make a big difference.如果每个人都能做些好事， 那将会带来很大的影响。（吉林中考） · The rain didn't make much difference to the game.这场雨对比赛没多大影响。 2. provide/prə'vaɪd/ v. 提供；给予 讲 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.为 某人提供某物 · The school canteen provides us with food. = The school canteen provides food for us. 学校食堂为我们提供食物。 3. hear sb./ sth. doing sth. 听见某人/ 某物正在做某事 辨“感官动词+ sb./ sth. do sth.”与“感官动词+ sb./ sth. doing sth.” 感官动词（see/ watch/ notice/hear/ feel/…） + sb./ sth.+ do sth. 表示动作已经完成或经常发生 doing sth. 表示动作正在进行 · I hear Lucy singing in her room.我听见露西正在房间里唱歌。 · Did you hear him go out? 你听到他出去了吗？ 4. successful/səkˈsesfl/ adj. 成功的；有成就的 由“success（n.成功）+ -ful（形容词后缀）” 构成，可作表语或定语，副词形式为 successfully. be successful in(doing) sth.在（做）某事方面是成功的 · As long as we pull together, we are sure to be successful in the end.只要我们齐心协力，我 们最后一定能成功。（滨州中考）（作表语） · What separates successful people from the dreamers is their persistent action. 成功人士和 梦想家的区别在于他们锲而不舍的行动。 （河北中考）（作定语） 5. value /'væljuː/ n.重要作用；价值 [名词]常用结构： the value of...……的价值 be of great/ little/ no value很有用处/几乎没有 用处/没有用处 拓：(1)[动词]重视；珍视 · In a word, we should try our best to protect ourselves and value our lives.总之，我们应该尽力保护自己，珍惜生命。 (2) value n.价值 valuable adj.有价值的 valueless adj.没有价值的 invaluable adj.极有价值的 6. success /səkˈses/ n. 成功 反义词：failure失败 (1)[不可数名词] 表示抽象意义的“成功”。 have success in (doing) sth.在（做）某事方面取得成功 · 谚Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。 · She has already had a lot of success in her career.她在事业上已经取得了很大的成功。 (2)[可数名词] 成功的人（或事物） · The party was a great success.这次聚会非常成功。 · He is proud of his daughter's successes.他为女儿的种种成就感到自豪。 拓：success的相关词： success n.成功 succeed v.成功 successful adj.成功的 successfully adv.成功地 succeed in doing sth.成功做成某事 重点梳理 词汇梳理 1 visit v. 参观；访问—visitor n. 参观者；来访者 2 elder adj.（尤指同一家庭里两个成员中）年龄较长的 elderly adj. 年纪较大的；上了年纪的 3 organize v. 组织—organized adj. 有组织的；有条理的—organization n. 组织；团体；机构 4 own v. 拥有—owner n. 主人；物主 5 donate v. 捐赠；赠送—donation n. 捐赠物；捐赠 6 interview v.&n. 采访；面试—interviewer n. 面试官；采访者—interviewee n. 参加面试者；被采访者 7 youth n. 青年；青年时期—young adj. 年轻的 8 warm adj. 温暖的；暖和的—warmly adv. 热情地；温暖地—warmth n. 温暖；暖和 9 gentleman n. 先生；君子—(复数)gentlemen 10 value n. 重要作用；价值—valuable adj. 有价值的—valueless adj. 没有价值的 11 succeed v. 成功—success n. 成功—successful adj. 成功的；有成就的—successfully adv. 成功地 12 volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做；义务做—voluntary adj. 自愿的；无偿的 13 talent n. 才能；天赋；天才—talented adj. 有才能的；天才的 14 advertise v. 做广告；登广告—advertisement n. 广告；启事 词块归纳 1 make a difference 有（重要）作用 2 guide visitors 带领游客参观 3 visit the elderly 看望老人 4 give directions 指路 5 sort waste 垃圾分类 6 pick up 捡起 7 collect donations 募集捐赠物 8 take care of 照顾 9 walk dogs 遛狗 10 nursing home 养老院 11 sign a football 在足球上签名 12 come along 赶快；跟着来 13 primary school 小学 14 help out 分担工作；帮忙做 15 ever since 自从；自······以后 16 sign up 报名 17 provide medical aid 提供医疗救助 18 search for missing people 寻找失踪人员 19 natural disasters 自然灾害 20 practical life-saving skills 实用的救生技能 21 the power of teamwork 团队合作的力量 22 the value of every life 每一个生命的价值 23 the key to... ……的关键 24 most of all 最主要的是 25 as... as one can 尽可能…… 26 in need 处于贫困中；生活困难 27 hand out 分发 28 familiar with 通晓；熟悉 用法总结 1 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 2 be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事 3 it's one's duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责 4 It's fun to do sth. 做某事很有趣。 5 Thank you for... 因......而感谢你（们）。 6 be thankful + that 从句 很庆幸..... 语法 梳理 现在完成时(2) 考向1 含since或for的现在完成时 某些动词的现在完成时可表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“for+时间段”“since+过去的时间点或从句”或“since+时间段+ago”连用。 · He has worked here for over twenty years.他已经在这里工作二十多年了。 · He has learnt about 2,000 English words since he started learning English.他自开始学英语以来已经学了大约2000个英语单词。 · She's been at this school since five years ago.她从五年前开始就一直在这所学校。 拓：含for和含since的现在完成时的句子有时可互相转换。 · 我从13年前开始就住在这里。 · I've lived here since 13 years ago. I've lived here for 13 years. It has been 13 years since I began to live here. 考向2 现在完成时中的谓语动词 在含有现在完成时的肯定句中，与表示持续性时间的状语连用的动词一般为延续性动词，但在否定句中，可以用非延续性动词。 常见的延续性动词有have、live、teach、learn、work、study、know等；常见的非延续性动词(词组)有come、go、leave、start、die、finish、become、join、buy、get married等。 · I haven't bought any food since last week.自上周以来，我就没有再买任何食物了。 · 他加入共青团两年了。 （×）He has joined the Communist Youth League for two years. （✔）He has been a member of the Communist Youth League for two years. · 这块手表我买了两年了。 （×）I have bought this watch for two years. （✔）I have had this watch for two years. 拓：部分非延续性动词（词组）和与之对应的延续性动词（词组）： 非延续性动词（词组） 延续性动词（词组） become be borrow keep buy have get up be up fall asleep be asleep make friends be friends finish be over leave be away (from) open be open close be closed lose be lost die be dead join be a member of / be in begin/ start be on come/ go/ arrive be in/ at turn on/ off be on/ off get to know know marry/ get married be married 考向3 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是现在的情况；不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。 He has lived here since 2008. 自2008年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里） 一般过去时 只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系；可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 He lived here in 2012.2012 年他住在这里。（不涉及他现在是否还住在这里） Part2 综合练习 一、单项选择 1.（2025龙东中考）—How long has she _ the science book? I want to borrow it from her. —For nearly three weeks. I think she might have finished reading it. A. buy B. had C. bought 2.（2025南昌市第二十八中学期末）—Why are you in such a hurry? —Because the class _ for 10 minutes. A. is on B. begins C. has been on D. has begun 3.（2025北京市通州区期末）Chengdu is a beautiful city and Tom _ there three times since he came to China. A. is B. was C. will be D. has been 4.—Have you two _ each other before, Ken? —Of course. Tim and I _ friends since 4 years ago. A. meet; become B. met; become C. meet; have been D. met; have been 二、用for或since填空 5. His uncle has been away from home _ three months ago. 6. I have known him __ five years. 7. David hasn't seen his mom __ he went to study in New York. 8.（2025 泰安中考改编）Jenny is very interested in traditional Chinese culture, and she has learned it __ she came to China 5 years ago. 9. She has stuck to practising the piano __ three years, and she can play very well now. 三、用括号内所给单词的适当 形式填空 10. Miss Lee __(teach) us English since she came here three years ago. 11. I __(be) a volunteer since 2021. 12.—Have you ever __ (be) to the nursing home? —Yes. I __(go) there last weekend. 13. Tina and Helen __ (know) each other since 2020. 四、按要求完成句子，每空一词 14.（2025 白 银 中考）Peter bought this bike 3 years ago. （同义句转换） Peter__ this bike for 3 years. 15. John has been to Beijing with his friends. （改为一般疑问句） __ John __ to Beijing with his friends? 16. Alex borrowed my camera two days ago.（改为同义句） Alex__ my camera for two days. 17. My uncle has lived in this village since he was born. （对画线部分提问） __ your uncle lived in this village? 一、1.B 句意：“她拥有这本科学书多久了？我想向她借一下。”“将近三周了。我觉得她可能已经读完了。”根据“How long has”可知，问句是现在完成时。“How long”用于询问动作或状态的持续时间，需与延续性动词搭配。buy是非延续性动词，与之对应的延续性动词为have。故选B。 2.C 句意：“你为什么这么着急？”“因为已经上课10分钟了。”根据句意可知，答语应用现在完成时，for10 minutes表示一段时间，应与延续性动词连用。begin是非延续性动词，与之对应的延续性词组为be on。故选C。 3.D 句意：成都是一座美丽的城市，汤姆自来到中国后，已经去过那里三次了。根据“since he came to China”可知，空处应用现在完成时。故选D。 4.D 句意：“肯，你们俩以前见过吗？”“当然，我和蒂姆从四年前就是朋友了。”根据“Have”可知问句为现在完成时，第一空应用过去分词met；根据“since 4 years ago”可知第二空应用现在完成时have been。故选D。 二、5.since 6.for 7.since 8.since 9.for 三、10.has taught 11.have been 12.been;went 13.have known 四、14.has had 15.Has;been 16.has kept 17.How long has 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $