暑假第14讲 阅读入门 段落写作（讲义）-2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册

新初一暑假自学课 人教2024版 · 暑假衔接专用 ┌─────────────────────────────┐ 第14讲 阅读入门 · 段落写作 └─────────────────────────────┘ ⊙ 适用年级：新七年级（小升初） ⊙ 教材版本：人教2024版 ⊙ 内容说明：学习阅读理解的基本技巧，掌握英语段落写作的结构和方法 Part 1 习新知法 —— 阅读技巧 一、阅读理解的基本步骤 做阅读理解题，可以按照以下三步走: 第一步: 先读题目，看清题目问什么（细节题/推断题/主旨题）。 第二步: 带着问题读文章，用笔划出关键词和相关信息。 第三步: 对比选项，选出最符合文章意思的答案。 二、常见阅读题型 题型 解题技巧 细节题 在文中找到原句或同义句，答案通常在关键词附近。 推断题 不能直接找到答案，要根据文章内容推理。注意not mentioned(文中没提)的选项。 词义猜测题 根据上下文语境推测生词意思，看前后句的解释或例子。 主旨题 理解文章大意，通常看首段或末段。标题要能概括全文。 三、阅读实战练习 阅读下面的短文，完成后面的题目。 My name is Jack. I'm 12 years old. I'm a student at Sunshine Middle School. There are 30 students in my class. I like English and math. My English teacher is Ms. Wang. She is very kind. My math teacher is Mr. Li. He is funny. I have a good friend. His name is Tom. He is 13 years old. He is tall and thin. He likes playing basketball. We often play basketball after school. ( ) 1. How old is Jack? A. 11. B. 12. C. 13. D. 14. ( ) 2. What subject does Jack like? A. English and Chinese. B. Math and science. C. English and math. D. Music and art. ( ) 3. What is Ms. Wang like? A. Funny. B. Tall. C. Kind. D. Thin. ( ) 4. What does Tom like doing? A. Reading books. B. Playing basketball. C. Playing football. D. Swimming. ( ) 5. The underlined word "thin" means ___. A. 胖的 B. 矮的 C. 瘦的 D. 强壮的 Part 2 写作入门 —— 段落写作 一、英语段落的黄金结构 英语段落通常由三部分组成: 部分 作用 例句 Topic Sentence 主题句 概括段落大意，放在段首 There are four people in my family. Supporting Sentences 支撑句 2-3个细节句，具体说明主题 My father is a doctor. My mother is a teacher. Concluding Sentence 结尾句 总结或感受 I love my family very much. 二、写作注意事项 1. 首字母大写: 句子第一个字母大写，专有名词大写。 2. 标点正确: 句号用"."不是"。"，问句加"?"。 3. 时态一致: 全篇用同一个时态，不要混用。 4. 词汇丰富: 尽量用不同的词汇和句型，不要重复。 5. 字数达标: 初一作文通常40-60词。 三、常见写作句型 功能 句型 开头 Hello! I'm... / My name is... / I'm a student. 介绍家人 There are ... people in my family. / My father/mother is... 介绍学校 My school is... / There is/are... in my school. 表达喜好 I like... / My favorite subject is... / I enjoy... 结尾 I like/love... / What about you? / That's all. 四、范文赏析 读下面的范文，分析它的结构: Hi! I'm Tom. I'm a student at Sunshine Middle School. I'm in Class 1, Grade 7. My favorite subject is English. I like my English teacher, Ms. Wang. She is kind. I have many friends at school. We play basketball after school. I love my school life! 结构分析: * 开头: Hi! I'm Tom. I'm a student...(自我介绍) * 细节: My favorite subject is... / I like my English teacher... / We play... * 结尾: I love my school life! (表达感受) Part 3 巩固练习 一、阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)。 Hello! My name is Alice. I'm 13 years old. I'm from England but I live in China now. I study at No. 1 Middle School. There are 25 students in my class. My best friend is Zhang Wei. He is from China. He is tall and friendly. He helps me with my Chinese. I help him with his English. We are good friends. ( ) 1. Alice is from China. ( ) 2. There are 25 students in Alice's class. ( ) 3. Zhang Wei is from England. ( ) 4. Zhang Wei is tall and friendly. ( ) 5. Alice helps Zhang Wei with his English. 二、连词成句。 (1) am / I / student / a ____________________________________________________________ (2) school / is / my / big / very ____________________________________________________________ (3) like / I / football / playing ____________________________________________________________ (4) teacher / my / is / kind / very ____________________________________________________________ (5) there / a / in / is / library / my / school ____________________________________________________________ 三、用and/but/or填空。 (1) I like apples ________ oranges. (2) She is tall ________ I am short. (3) Hurry up, ________ you'll be late. (4) He likes music ________ sports. (5) I can swim ________ I can't skate. 四、写作。 请写一段话介绍你自己，内容包括你的姓名、年龄、学校、爱好和最好的朋友。 要求: 1) 60词左右 2) 用上本讲学的段落结构 3) 时态一致 ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Part 4 提高挑战 一、阅读短文，选择正确答案。 Dear Tom, How are you? I'm writing to tell you about my new school. My new school is very big. There is a library, a playground and a dining hall. The library is next to the classroom building. There are many books in it. The playground is behind the library. We play basketball there after class. The dining hall is in front of the playground. The food there is very good. My favorite food is chicken and rice. I have many friends here. They are very friendly. I like my new school. Yours, Jack ( ) 1. This letter is from ___ to ___. A. Tom; Jack B. Jack; Tom C. Tom; Tom D. Jack; Jack ( ) 2. There is NO ___ in Jack's school. A. library B. playground C. swimming pool D. dining hall ( ) 3. Where is the library? A. Behind the playground. B. Next to the classroom building. C. In front of the dining hall. D. Near the gate. ( ) 4. What is Jack's favorite food? A. Rice and fish. B. Chicken and rice. C. Chicken and bread. D. Rice and beef. ( ) 5. The passage is mainly about ___. A. Jack's family B. Jack's school C. Jack's friend D. Jack's hobby 二、写作升级: 用以下连接词写一段话。 请用上 and, but, because 各至少一次，写一段话介绍你的学校生活。 参考词汇: and(并且), but(但是), because(因为) ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Part 5 本讲总结 阅读写作要点 阅读理解: 先看题目再读文章，在文中找关键词; 细节题: 答案在文章中原句重现或同义替换; 推断题: 根据文章内容推理，不能凭主观想象; 写作结构: 开头句 + 2-3个细节句 + 结尾句; 写作要点: 首字母大写，标点正确，时态一致。 参考答案 Part 1 阅读实战 . 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C(thin = 瘦的) Part 3 巩固练习 一. 1. F(from England) 2. T 3. F(from China) 4. T 5. T 二. (1) I am a student. (2) My school is very big. (3) I like playing football. (4) My teacher is very kind. (5) There is a library in my school. 三. (1) and (2) but (3) or (4) and (5) but 四. 略。参考范文: Hello! My name is Zhang Wei. I am 12 years old. I study at Sunshine Middle School. I like English and math. My favorite sport is basketball. I have a good friend. His name is Tom. He is tall and friendly. We often play basketball together. I like my school life! Part 4 提高挑战 一. 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. B 二. 略。参考范文: I like my school because it is very big and beautiful. There is a big playground and a library. I like reading books in the library, but my friend Tom likes playing basketball. I have many friends at school because they are very friendly. I love my school life! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $