暑假自学课第2讲+一般现在时+三单变化（讲义）-2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册

新初一暑假自学课 人教2024版 · 暑假衔接专用 ┌─────────────────────────────┐ 第2讲 一般现在时 + 三单变化 └─────────────────────────────┘ ⊙ 适用年级：新七年级（小升初） ⊙ 教材版本：人教2024版 ⊙ 内容说明：系统复习一般现在时的用法，掌握动词三单变化规则和疑问否定句式 Part 1 温故知新 —— 一般现在时回顾 一般现在时是英语中最常用的时态之一，小学阶段我们已经接触过。让我们回顾一下它的核心用法。 一、一般现在时的用法 用法 例句 表示经常性或习惯性的动作 I get up at 6 o'clock every day. 表示现在的状态或特征 She is tall and thin. 表示客观真理或科学事实 The earth goes around the sun. 表示爱好、能力等 He likes playing football. 二、be动词的一般现在时 be动词(am/is/are)与主语搭配: 主语 be动词 例句 I am I am a student. He / She / It / 单数名词 is She is my friend. / The cat is cute. You / We / They / 复数名词 are They are in the classroom. 否定句: 在be动词后加 not(is not=isn't, are not=aren't, am not无缩略形式) 一般疑问句: 将be动词提到主语前 -- Are you a student? -- Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. 三、实义动词的一般现在时 主语不是第三人称单数时，动词用原形: -- I like apples. / They play football on Sundays. 否定: don't + 动词原形 -- I don't like milk. / We don't go to school on Saturdays. 疑问: Do + 主语 + 动词原形? -- Do you like English? -- Yes, I do. / No, I don't. Part 2 习新知法 —— 三单变化与句式升级 一、什么是第三人称单数? 第三人称单数(简称三单)是初一英语最重要的概念之一。它包括: 类别 举例 单个的他/她/它 he, she, it 单个的人名/称呼 Tom, Miss Wang, my mother 单个的物/动物 the cat, my book, the school 不可数名词 water, milk, bread 二、动词三单变化规则 主语是第三人称单数时，一般现在时的动词要加 -s 或 -es: 情况 变化规则 例词 一般情况 加 -s like->likes, play->plays, read->reads 以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾 加 -es watch->watches, go->goes, do->does 辅音字母 + y 结尾 改 y 为 i 加 -es study->studies, fly->flies 注意: 特殊 have -> has 三、主语是三单时的否定句 否定句: 主语 + doesn't + 动词原形 -- He likes music. -> He doesn't like music. -- She goes to school by bus. -> She doesn't go to school by bus. -- The cat likes fish. -> The cat doesn't like fish. 用了 doesn't，动词一定要还回原形! 四、主语是三单时的一般疑问句 一般疑问句: Does + 主语 + 动词原形? -- Does he like music? -- Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. -- Does she go to school by bus? -- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. -- Does your mother read books every day? -- Yes, she does. 肯定回答用does，否定回答用doesn't，注意不要在后面加动词原形! 五、be动词与实义动词各自否定/疑问对比 句式 be动词 实义动词(三单) 肯定句 She is a teacher. She teaches English. 否定句 She isn't a teacher. She doesn't teach English. 一般疑问句 Is she a teacher? Does she teach English? Part 3 基础巩固 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。 play -> __________ watch -> __________ go -> __________ study -> __________ have -> __________ do -> __________ fly -> __________ read -> __________ wash -> __________ like -> __________ 二、用be动词的适当形式填空(am/is/are)。 (1) I ___ a student. (2) She ___ my friend. (3) They ___ in the classroom. (4) The cat ___ very cute. (5) You ___ right. (6) My mother ___ a doctor. 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 (1) Tom ______ (like) playing basketball. (2) She ______ (go) to school by bike every day. (3) My father ______ (read) newspapers every morning. (4) The baby ______ (have) two teeth. (5) They ______ (play) football on Sundays. (6) It ______ (rain) a lot in summer. 四、将下列句子改为否定句和一般疑问句。 (1) She likes reading books. 否定句: ____________________________ 一般疑问句: ________________________ (2) He goes to school at 7 o'clock. 否定句: ____________________________ 一般疑问句: ________________________ (3) Tom has a pet dog. 否定句: ____________________________ 一般疑问句: ________________________ Part 4 提高挑战 一、改错。下列句子中有一处错误，请找出并改正。 (1) He don't like playing football. ______________ (2) Does she goes to school by bus? ______________ (3) My mother go to work by car. ______________ (4) Tom have a new bike. ______________ (5) Do your father like reading? ______________ (6) She doesn't likes milk. ______________ (7) He often watch TV after dinner. ______________ (8) Does they play basketball every day? ______________ 二、按要求改写句子。 (1) My sister plays the piano every day.(改为否定句) ________________________________ (2) They do their homework in the evening.(改为一般疑问句) ________________________________ (3) Tom walks to school every day.(对划线部分提问) ________________________________ (4) She has lunch at school.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) ________________________________ 三、阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)。 Tom is a student. He gets up at 6:30 every morning. He has breakfast at 7:00. He goes to school at 7:30. He doesn't like math, but he likes English very much. His mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a middle school. Tom's father is a doctor. He works in a hospital. He doesn't go to work by bus. He drives his car to work. ( ) 1. Tom gets up at 6:00 every morning. ( ) 2. Tom goes to school at 7:30. ( ) 3. Tom likes math. ( ) 4. Tom's mother is a math teacher. ( ) 5. Tom's father goes to work by car. 四、写作。 用一般现在时写一段话介绍你的家人(至少3个人)，内容包括他们的职业、爱好或日常习惯。不少于5句话。 参考句型: My father/mother is... / He/She likes... / He/She goes to... _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Part 5 本讲总结 一般现在时口诀 一般现在时，习惯经常发生事; be动词用am/is/are，主语人称要一致; 实义动词怎么办? 主语三单动词变; 肯定句动词加-s/-es，否定句doesn't+动原; 一般疑问句Does开头，肯定回答does，否定doesn't; 非三单主语用do，否定don't疑问Do提前。 动词三单变化口诀 一般动词加-s，s/x/ch/sh加-es; 辅音+y改y为i再加-es，特殊变化要牢记。 参考答案 Part 3 基础巩固 一. plays, watches, goes, studies, has, does, flies, reads, washes, likes 二. (1) am (2) is (3) are (4) is (5) are (6) is 三. (1) likes (2) goes (3) reads (4) has (5) play (6) rains 四. (1) 否定: She doesn't like reading books. 一般疑问句: Does she like reading books? (2) 否定: He doesn't go to school at 7 o'clock. 一般疑问句: Does he go to school at 7 o'clock? (3) 否定: Tom doesn't have a pet dog. 一般疑问句: Does Tom have a pet dog? Part 4 提高挑战 一. (1) don't -> doesn't (2) goes -> go(does后动词用原形) (3) go -> goes(主语三单) (4) have -> has (5) Do -> Does(father是三单) (6) likes -> like(doesn't后动原) (7) watch -> watches(主语三单) (8) Does -> Do(主语they是复数，does改为do) 二. (1) My sister doesn't play the piano every day. (2) Do they do their homework in the evening? (3) How does Tom go to school every day? (4) Does she have lunch at school? -- Yes, she does. 三. 1. F(6:30不是6:00) 2. T 3. F(He doesn't like math) 4. F(教English不是math) 5. T 四. 略。参考范文: There are three people in my family. My father is a doctor. He works in a hospital. He goes to work by car. My mother is a teacher. She teaches Chinese. She likes reading books. I am a student. I like playing basketball. I love my family. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $