专题01 必修第二册Unit 3～Unit 4 单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高一英语下学期沪教版

专题01 必修第二册Unit3~Unit4单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 3 Progress? 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.climate n. 2.billion n. 3.alarming adj. 4.rate n. 5.predict v. 6.chain n. 7.hunt v. 8.agriculture n. 9.multiply v. 10.unfamiliar adj. 11.significantly adv. 12.threaten v. 13.extinction n. 14.admit v. 15.contrast v. 16.available adj. 17.option n. 18.desire n./v. 19.reduce v. 20.measure n. 二、单词拓展 1. n. 警报→ adj. 惊人 2. n. 地球→ adj. 全球 3. v. 变化→ n. 多样 4. adj. 灭绝→ n. 灭绝 5. v. 利用→ adj. 可获得 6. v. 渴望→ adj. 合意 7. v. 缩减→ n. 减量 8. v. 对比→ adj. 对比的 9. v. 预言→ n. 预言 10. n. 农业→ adj. 农业的 11. v. 意味→ adv. 显著地 12. v. 倍增→ n. 乘法 13. n. 威胁→ v. 威胁 14. n. 选择→ adj. 可选的 15. v. 承认→ n. 准入 三、常考单词 1. threaten v. 威胁 背重点 背写作佳句 1) threaten sb. with sth. 用某事威胁某人 2) be threatened with extinction 濒临灭绝 3) threaten to do sth. 威胁做某事 ①Many rare animals are threatened with extinction, so we must take immediate action to protect them.（倡议书・环保） ②The whole village was threatened with heavy floods, and the villagers had to move to safe places quickly.（读后续写・灾害） ③The giant company threatened to close the factory, making the workers worried about their jobs.（议论文・社会） 2. predict v. 预测 背重点 背写作佳句 1) predict that… 预测…… 2) It is predicted that… 据预测 3) predict the future 预测未来 ①It is predicted that the world’s population will reach 10 billion by the end of this century.（图表作文・数据） ②Scientists predict that more languages will disappear if we don’t protect them.（议论文・文化） ③No one can accurately predict what will happen in the future, but we can get ready for it.（记叙文・哲理） 3. available adj. 可获得的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be available for… 可用于…… 2) be available to sb. 某人可获得 3) make sth. available 使某物可用 ①Enough food and water are available for the homeless in the disaster area.（应用文・求助） ②This new software is easily available to every student on campus.（说明文・科技） ③The library tries to make more kinds of books available to readers.（应用文・校园） 4. look forward to 背重点 背写作佳句 1) look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事 2) look forward to sth. 期待某事 ①I am looking forward to your early reply and detailed information about the course.（邮件结尾・咨询 / 申请） ②All the students are looking forward to the coming summer holiday and interesting activities.（应用文・校园） ③We are looking forward to seeing the changes that globalization brings to our lives.（议论文・话题） 5. decrease v. 减少；下降 背重点 背写作佳句 1) decrease by 减少了…… 2) decrease to 减少到…… 3) be on the decrease 在减少 ①The number of rare animals is decreasing rapidly, so we must take immediate action to protect them.（倡议书・环保） ②The population of the village has decreased to 500, making the local government worried about its development.（图表作文・数据） ③With the development of technology, the cost of this product is on the decrease year by year.（说明文・科技） 6. multiply v. 成倍增加；繁殖 背重点 背写作佳句 1) multiply rapidly 快速繁殖 2) multiply by 乘以…… 3) multiply quickly 迅速增长 ①Because of no natural enemies, some foreign species multiply rapidly and destroy the local ecosystem.（说明文・生态） ②Problems multiplied in a short time, making him feel stressed and helpless.（读后续写・情绪） ③The number of mobile phone users has multiplied in the past ten years, changing our life greatly.（议论文・科技） 7. balance v. 平衡 n. 平衡 背重点 背写作佳句 1) balance A and B 平衡 A 与 B 2) keep one’s balance 保持平衡 3) a balanced diet 均衡饮食 ①As senior high school students, we must learn to balance study and relaxation to keep healthy.（应用文・建议信） ②He lost his balance and fell off the bike, hurting his knees slightly.（读后续写・动作） ③A balanced diet and regular exercise are necessary for us to keep energetic every day.（倡议书・健康） 8. advertise v. 做广告；宣传 背重点 背写作佳句 1) advertise sth. 为…… 做广告 2) advertise for 登广告招聘 3) put an advertisement 登广告 ①The company plans to advertise its new products on TV and the Internet to attract more customers.（说明文・商业） ②They advertised for a part-time waiter to help during the busy season.（应用文・招聘） ③I saw an advertisement about the summer camp and became interested in it at once.（应用文・咨询邮件） 9. exchange v. 交流；交换 背重点 背写作佳句 1) exchange A for B 用 A 换 B 2) exchange ideas 交流想法 3) cultural exchange 文化交流 ①We often exchange ideas and experience in class, which helps us improve together.（应用文・校园生活） ②I’d like to exchange this old book for a new one because the pages are missing.（应用文・投诉 / 请求） ③Cultural exchange can help people from different countries understand each other better.（议论文・文化） 10. graduate v. 毕业 n. 毕业生 背重点 背写作佳句 1) graduate from 从…… 毕业 2) after graduation 毕业之后 3) a college graduate 大学毕业生 ①He will graduate from our school next year and plans to go to a famous university.（应用文・个人介绍） ②After graduation, she decided to work in the countryside to help the local people.（记叙文・人物） ③As a college graduate, he has more chances to achieve his dreams and goals.（议论文・教育） 四．单元短语 1. 以惊人速度 2. 威胁…… 濒临灭绝 3. 母语 4. 期待；盼望 5. 在很大程度上 6. 春卷 7. 跨国企业 8. 增长至…… 9. 减少…… 10. 捕猎动物 五．单元佳句 1.句式：since 引导时间状语，主句用现在完成时；at an alarming rate 固定短语。 【教材】However, since then the population has continued to increase at an alarming rate. 翻译：然而从那以后，人口以惊人的速度持续增长。 2. 句式：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气；It takes sb. + 时间 + to do 固定句型。 【教材】If you said “hello” to a different person every second, it would take you 222 years to greet everyone on the planet. 翻译：如果你每秒和一个人问好，问候地球上所有人需要 222 年。 3. 句式：who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 older people。 【教材】The only regular Baras speakers at present are the older people who have stayed in the country. 翻译：目前日常使用巴拉语的只剩留守当地的老年人。 4. 句式：that 引导宾语从句；the number of + 名词作主语，谓语单数。 【教材】Experts think that the number of different languages will halve to just 3,500 by the end of this century. 翻译：专家预测到本世纪末现存语种数量将减半至 3500 种。 六．单元语法 现在分词doing作状语 （一）功能 动词 - ing 形式在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词，可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随。其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。 （二）形式结构 1.一般式：doing（与谓语动作同时 / 几乎同时发生） Hearing the news, they jumped with joy. 2.完成式：having done（动作先于谓语动作发生） Having finished his homework, he went out to play. 3.否定式：not doing / not having done Not knowing what to do, he turned to his teacher. （三）句法功能 1.时间状语（相当于 when/while 从句） Walking in the park, he met an old friend. 2.原因状语（相当于 because/as 从句） Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. 3.条件状语（相当于 if 从句） Working hard, you will make progress. 4.结果状语（自然而然的结果） The population is increasing fast, causing many social problems. 5.伴随 / 方式状语（与谓语同时发生） They sat together, talking and laughing happily. （四）易错提醒 1.逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。 2.作状语时，常用逗号与主句隔开。 3.现在分词表主动 / 进行；过去分词表被动 / 完成。 七．单元写作 Writing a formal email of enquiry 撰写正式咨询邮件 （一）写作概况 •话题：咨询课程、服务、活动等信息 •时态：一般现在时、一般将来时 •人称：第一人称 •格式：正式电子邮件 （二）基本框架 1.开头：自我介绍 + 写信目的 2.正文：2–3 个具体咨询问题 3.结尾：感谢 + 期待回复 （三）标准格式模板 From: Your name Date: Date To: Receiver Subject: Enquiry about ... Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to enquire about ... First, I would like to know ... Second, could you tell me ... Besides, I wonder whether ... I would be grateful if you could reply at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your time and help. Yours faithfully, Your name （四）常用词块 1.enquire about… 咨询…… 2.detailed information 详细信息 3.course arrangement 课程安排 4.accommodation 住宿 5.cost/fee 费用 6.application form 申请表 7.at your earliest convenience 尽早 8.provide me with… 向我提供…… （五）高分句型 开头 1.I am writing to enquire about detailed information concerning… 2.I wonder if you could provide some details about… 正文 1.I would like to know when the course will start. 2.Could you tell me how much the course costs? 3.I wonder whether accommodation is included. 结尾 1.I would be grateful if you could reply soon. 2.Thank you for your time and assistance. 3.I am looking forward to your early reply. （六）满分范文 Subject: Enquiry about English Summer Course Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to enquire about the English summer course in your college. First, I would like to know when the course will start and how long it will last. Second, could you tell me how much the course costs and whether accommodation is included? Besides, I wonder if there are any special activities at weekends. I would be grateful if you could reply at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your help. Yours faithfully, Li Hua 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.The g___________ population is growing very fast. 2.This is an a___________ problem that worries us all. 3.It is hard to p___________ the future exactly. 4.Many animals are facing e___________. 5.She is f___________ in English and French. 6.This is an o___________ notice from the school. 7.We plan to a___________ our new product on TV. 8.He made an e___________ about the course details. 9.I want to b___________ study and hobbies. 10.The library books are a___________ to every student. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.___________ (be) ill, he stayed at home. 2.Not ___________ (know) the truth, he felt worried. 3.___________ (finish) his homework, he went out. 4.It is ___________ (alarm) that forests are disappearing. 5.She can speak English ___________ (fluent). 6.We are looking forward to ___________ (see) you. 7.The number of students ___________ (decrease) recently. 8.They tried ___________ (reduce) the cost. 9.This is an ___________ (office) document. 10.Many languages are ___________ (threaten) with extinction. 三、完成句子。 1.世界人口正以惊人速度增长。 The world’s population is increasing ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________. 2.许多物种濒临灭绝。 Many species are ___________ ___________ ___________. 3.我期待收到你的回复。 I’m ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ your reply. 4.他努力平衡学习与生活。 He tries to ___________ ___________ and life. 5.这种书学生很容易获得。 This kind of book is ___________ ___________ students. 6.不知道该做什么，他向老师求助。 ___________ ___________ what to do, he turned to the teacher. 7.据预测，未来会有更多变化。 ___________ ___________ ___________ there will be more changes in the future. 8.我写信是为了咨询课程信息。 I am writing to ___________ ___________ the course. 9.我们应该保护文化多样性。 We should ___________ ___________ ___________. 10.他毕业后想出国深造。 He wants to go abroad for further study after ___________. Unit 4 Achievements 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.shark n. 2.defeat v./n. 3.destroy v. 4.struggle v./n. 5.wrap v. 6.bleed v.(bled,bled) 7.sink v.(sank,sunk) 8.shortage n. 9.outstanding adj. 10.decade n. 11.dramatically adv. 12.curious adj. 13.realistic adj. 14.professional adj. 15.setback n. 16.maintain v. 17.approach v./n. 18.attack v./n. 19.target n. v. 20.gain v. 二、单词拓展 1. v. 实现；取得 → n. 成就 2. v. 击败 → n. 失败；击败 3. v. 摧毁 → n. 毁灭 4. adj. 聪明的 → n. 智力 5. v. 奋斗 → n. 奋斗；难事 6. adj. 强壮的 → n. 力量 7. v. 流血 → n. 血；血液 8. adj. 短缺的 → n. 短缺 9. adv. 出去 → adj. 杰出的 10. adj. 好奇的 → n. 好奇心 11. v. 决心 → adj. 坚定的 12. v. 牺牲 → adj. 牺牲的 13. v. 维持 → n. 维持 14. v. 贡献 → n. 贡献 15. v. 成功 → n. 成功； adj. 成功的 三、常考单词 1. defeat v./n. 击败；失败 背重点 背写作佳句 1) suffer a defeat 遭受失败 2) accept defeat 接受失败 3) be defeated 被击败 ①Though he had suffered one defeat after another, he never lost heart or gave up his dreams.（读后续写・励志） ②We should learn to accept defeat bravely and try harder instead of losing confidence.（议论文・成长） ③A truly strong man can be defeated in body but never beaten in spirit.（演讲稿・人生观） 2. struggle v./n. 奋斗；挣扎 背重点 背写作佳句 1) struggle against 与…… 作斗争 2) struggle to do 努力做 3) struggle for 为…… 奋斗 ①The old man struggled against the fierce shark with all his strength and courage.（读后续写・动作） ②As teenagers, we should struggle for our dreams and be responsible for our future.（演讲稿・目标） ③She struggled to keep her balance on the icy road and finally walked to safety safely.（读后续写・场景） 3. setback n. 挫折 背重点 背写作佳句 1) suffer setbacks 遭遇挫折 2) overcome setbacks 克服挫折 ①Great scientists overcame countless setbacks before success.（人物作文） ②We may meet different setbacks in sports training.（校园写作） ③Never give up when you face unexpected setbacks.（励志议论文） 4. succeed v. 成功 背重点 背写作佳句 1) succeed in doing 成功做某事 2) successful adj. 成功的 ①Finally, the old man succeeded in fighting off the shark and proved his bravery.（读后续写・结局） ②To succeed in life, we must first learn to face difficulties and never give up.（议论文・哲理） ③She is a successful student because she can balance study and hobbies well.（应用文・人物评价） 5. destroy v. 摧毁；毁灭 背重点 背写作佳句 1) destroy houses/crops 毁坏房屋 / 庄稼 2) be destroyed 被摧毁 3) destroy one’s hope 摧毁希望 ①The heavy storm destroyed many houses and left thousands of people homeless.（读后续写・灾害） ②Although his boat was destroyed, the old man’s spirit never broke or gave in.（读后续写・精神） ③Nothing can destroy our hope as long as we keep calm and brave.（议论文・信念） 6. overcome v. 克服 背重点 背写作佳句 1) overcome difficulties 克服困难 2) overcome fear 克服恐惧 3) overcome pressure 克服压力 ①We must overcome all kinds of difficulties if we want to achieve our goals.（议论文・成长） ②With his teacher’s encouragement, he finally overcame his fear of speaking in public.（读后续写・心理） ③Learning to overcome study pressure is an important lesson for every senior high student.（建议信・校园） 7. determine v. 决心；确定 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be determined to do 决心做 2) with determination 坚定地 3) determine to do 决定做 ①He was determined to learn from the old man and never give up when facing trouble.（读后续写・心理） ②The boy stared at the shark with great determination and showed no fear at all.（读后续写・神态） ③She determined to study medicine and help more sick people in the future.（记叙文・理想） 8. attack v./n. 攻击；袭击 背重点 背写作佳句 1) attack sb./sth. 攻击 2) be under attack 遭到攻击 3) launch an attack 发动攻击 ①Suddenly, a huge shark appeared and attacked the big fish tied to the boat violently.（读后续写・场面） ②When the village was under attack, the villagers tried their best to protect themselves.（读后续写・危机） ③We must stay calm and protect ourselves when facing unexpected attacks.（说明文・安全） 9. strength n. 力量；力气 背重点 背写作佳句 1) with all one’s strength 用尽全力 2) build up strength 增强体力 3) inner strength 内在力量 ①He lifted the heavy spear with all his strength and threw it at the shark’s head.（读后续写・动作） ②Regular sports can help us build up strength and keep healthy both in body and mind.（建议信・健康） ③His inner strength moved everyone around him and encouraged us to face difficulties.（读后续写・感动） 10. curious adj. 好奇的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be curious about 对…… 好奇 2) a curious mind 好奇心 3) out of curiosity 出于好奇 ①Einstein was curious about everything around him and loved asking questions from an early age.（人物・科学家） ②A curious mind is the key to discovering new things and making progress.（议论文・学习） ③Out of curiosity, he opened the old box and found a surprising secret inside.（读后续写・情节） 四．单元短语 1. 击退；抵御 2. 此外 3. 瞄准；致力于 4. 放弃 5. 遭遇挫折 6. 短缺 7. 最终 8. 努力做 9. 瞄准目标 10. 自给自足 五．单元佳句 1.句式：被动语态；but 表转折 【教材】But man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated. 翻译：人不是为失败而生，一个人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败。 2.句式：现在分词作伴随状语 【教材】He hit it with his wet, bloody hands driving a good spear with all his strength. 翻译：他用淌血的双手奋力挥矛刺向鲨鱼。 3.句式：不定式作目的状语 【教材】Yuan wanted to solve the problem of food shortages to improve rice yields. 翻译：袁隆平想要解决粮食短缺问题以提高水稻产量。 4.句式：only to do 不定式表意外结果 【教材】He tried different ways only to discover that his attempts were unsuccessful. 翻译：他尝试多种办法，结果却发现试验失败。 六．单元语法 The to-infinitive as the adverbial（动词不定式作状语） （一）核心用法 不定式在句中作状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因，逻辑主语与句子主语一致。 （二）表目的（最常考） 含义：为了…… 结构：to do / in order to do / so as to do 位置：句首 / 句末均可 例句：To improve his English, he practises every day. （三）表结果 1.only to do：出乎意料的结果 例句：He hurried to the station, only to find the train left. 2.too…to do：太…… 而不能 例句：The box is too heavy to carry. 3.…enough to do：足够…… 可以做 例句：He is old enough to look after himself. （四）表原因 多用于情绪类形容词后：happy /glad/surprised /proud/sorry 例句：I am proud to be a member of our class. （五）否定形式 not to do 例句：He went there not to make money but to learn. （六）易错提醒 1.主语必须与主句一致 2.only to do：意外结果；doing：自然结果 3.目的状语可放句首，结果状语一般不放句首 七．单元写作 Write an opinion essay on PE classes（关于体育课的观点议论文） （一）写作概况 •文体：议论文（opinion essay） •话题：Should students have one more PE class every day? •时态：一般现在时 •人称：第一 / 三人称 （二）写作框架 1.开头：引出话题 + 明确观点 2.正文：2–3 个分论点 + 例证 / 理由 3.结尾：总结观点 + 提出希望 （三）高分模板 Should Students Have One More PE Class Every Day? Nowadays, more and more people have realized the importance of health. Some students suggest having one more PE class every day. As far as I’m concerned, I fully support this idea. First of all, more PE classes help us keep healthy. Sitting in the classroom all day long makes us tired and weak. Taking exercise regularly can build up our strength and improve our health greatly. Besides, PE classes help us relax from heavy study pressure. When we play sports or games happily, we can forget our worries and refresh our mind quickly. Most importantly, taking PE classes teaches us valuable qualities such as teamwork, perseverance and courage, which are necessary for our future life. In conclusion, having one more PE class every day is really necessary and beneficial. It is good for our body, mind and personal development. I sincerely hope our school can take this suggestion. （四）必背词块 1.keep fit /healthy 保持健康 2.build up one’s body 增强体质 3.reduce study pressure 减轻学习压力 4.keep a clear mind 保持头脑清醒 5.learn teamwork 学习团队合作 6.develop strong will 培养坚强意志 （五）高分句型 开头： 1.Nowadays, more and more people care about… 2.Different people have different opinions on… 3.As far as I’m concerned, I believe that… 正文： 1.First of all,… Besides,… Most importantly,… 2.For example/instance,… 3.Not only can we… but also we can… 4.It helps us… 结尾： 1.In conclusion / In a word / To sum up,… 2.Therefore, I believe that… 3.I sincerely hope that… 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.His a______________________ surprised all the people. 2.They f______________________ off the enemies and won. 3.It is a struggle for people to o______________________ difficulties. 4.He is an o______________________ student in our school. 5.We should c______________________ to our country. 6.The strong wind d______________________ many houses. 7.He is a b______________________ boy and never afraid of difficulties. 8.To our joy, he s______________________ in finishing the task. 9.The soldier was wounded and b______________________ badly. 10.We are faced with a water s______________________. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.He fought against the shark ______________________ (brave). 2.______________________ (improve) his skills, he practised every day. 3.He is determined ______________________ (learn) English well. 4.Nothing can defeat a ______________________ (determine) heart. 5.She succeeded in ______________________ (pass) the exam. 6.______________________ (overcome) difficulties is the key to success. 7.He hurried to the shop, only ______________________ (find) it closed. 8.Everyone should make ______________________ (contribute) to society. 9.He is too tired ______________________ (walk) further. 10.The old man’s ______________________ (strong) amazed us all. 三、完成句子。 1.人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败。 A man can be ______________________ but not ______________________. 2.为了保持健康，我们应该多锻炼。 ______________________ ______________________ ______________________, we should take more exercise. 3.他决心克服所有困难。 He ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ all difficulties. 4.我们应该为祖国做贡献。 We should ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ our motherland. 5.他成功地完成了任务。 He ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ the task. 6.面对困难，我们不要放弃。 When ______________________ ______________________ difficulties, we shouldn’t give up. 7.他毫无希望却坚定地战斗。 He fought ______________________ hope ______________________ determination. 8.成功需要努力和坚持。 Success ______________________ hard work and perseverance. 9.我们应该学会克服压力。 We should learn to ______________________ ______________________. 10.他的勇气给我们留下深刻印象。 His courage _________________ ___________________ ______________________ ______________________ us. $专题01 必修第二册Unit3~Unit4单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 3 Progress? 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.climate n. 气候 2.billion n. 十亿 3.alarming adj. 令人担忧的 4.rate n. 速度；比率 5.predict v. 预测 6.chain n. 链条 7.hunt v. 捕猎 8.agriculture n. 农业 9.multiply v.（数量）倍增 10.unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的 11.significantly adv. 显著地 12.threaten v. 威胁 13.extinction n. 灭绝 14.admit v. 承认 15.contrast v. 对比 16.available adj. 可获得的 17.option n. 选择 18.desire n./v. 渴望 19.reduce v. 减少 20.measure n. 措施 二、单词拓展 1.alarm n. 警报→alarming adj. 惊人 2.globe n. 地球→global adj. 全球 3.vary v. 变化→variety n. 多样 4.extinct adj. 灭绝→extinction n. 灭绝 5.avail v. 利用→available adj. 可获得 6.desire v. 渴望→desirable adj. 合意 7.reduce v. 缩减→reduction n. 减量 8.contrast v. 对比→contrasting adj. 对比的 9.predict v. 预言→prediction n. 预言 10.agriculture n. 农业→agricultural adj. 农业的 11.signify v. 意味→significantly adv. 显著地 12.multiply v. 倍增→multiplication n. 乘法 13.threat n. 威胁→threaten v. 威胁 14.option n. 选择→optional adj. 可选的 15.admit v. 承认→admission n. 准入 三、常考单词 1. threaten v. 威胁 背重点 背写作佳句 1) threaten sb. with sth. 用某事威胁某人 2) be threatened with extinction 濒临灭绝 3) threaten to do sth. 威胁做某事 ①Many rare animals are threatened with extinction, so we must take immediate action to protect them.（倡议书・环保） ②The whole village was threatened with heavy floods, and the villagers had to move to safe places quickly.（读后续写・灾害） ③The giant company threatened to close the factory, making the workers worried about their jobs.（议论文・社会） 2. predict v. 预测 背重点 背写作佳句 1) predict that… 预测…… 2) It is predicted that… 据预测 3) predict the future 预测未来 ①It is predicted that the world’s population will reach 10 billion by the end of this century.（图表作文・数据） ②Scientists predict that more languages will disappear if we don’t protect them.（议论文・文化） ③No one can accurately predict what will happen in the future, but we can get ready for it.（记叙文・哲理） 3. available adj. 可获得的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be available for… 可用于…… 2) be available to sb. 某人可获得 3) make sth. available 使某物可用 ①Enough food and water are available for the homeless in the disaster area.（应用文・求助） ②This new software is easily available to every student on campus.（说明文・科技） ③The library tries to make more kinds of books available to readers.（应用文・校园） 4. look forward to 背重点 背写作佳句 1) look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事 2) look forward to sth. 期待某事 ①I am looking forward to your early reply and detailed information about the course.（邮件结尾・咨询 / 申请） ②All the students are looking forward to the coming summer holiday and interesting activities.（应用文・校园） ③We are looking forward to seeing the changes that globalization brings to our lives.（议论文・话题） 5. decrease v. 减少；下降 背重点 背写作佳句 1) decrease by 减少了…… 2) decrease to 减少到…… 3) be on the decrease 在减少 ①The number of rare animals is decreasing rapidly, so we must take immediate action to protect them.（倡议书・环保） ②The population of the village has decreased to 500, making the local government worried about its development.（图表作文・数据） ③With the development of technology, the cost of this product is on the decrease year by year.（说明文・科技） 6. multiply v. 成倍增加；繁殖 背重点 背写作佳句 1) multiply rapidly 快速繁殖 2) multiply by 乘以…… 3) multiply quickly 迅速增长 ①Because of no natural enemies, some foreign species multiply rapidly and destroy the local ecosystem.（说明文・生态） ②Problems multiplied in a short time, making him feel stressed and helpless.（读后续写・情绪） ③The number of mobile phone users has multiplied in the past ten years, changing our life greatly.（议论文・科技） 7. balance v. 平衡 n. 平衡 背重点 背写作佳句 1) balance A and B 平衡 A 与 B 2) keep one’s balance 保持平衡 3) a balanced diet 均衡饮食 ①As senior high school students, we must learn to balance study and relaxation to keep healthy.（应用文・建议信） ②He lost his balance and fell off the bike, hurting his knees slightly.（读后续写・动作） ③A balanced diet and regular exercise are necessary for us to keep energetic every day.（倡议书・健康） 8. advertise v. 做广告；宣传 背重点 背写作佳句 1) advertise sth. 为…… 做广告 2) advertise for 登广告招聘 3) put an advertisement 登广告 ①The company plans to advertise its new products on TV and the Internet to attract more customers.（说明文・商业） ②They advertised for a part-time waiter to help during the busy season.（应用文・招聘） ③I saw an advertisement about the summer camp and became interested in it at once.（应用文・咨询邮件） 9. exchange v. 交流；交换 背重点 背写作佳句 1) exchange A for B 用 A 换 B 2) exchange ideas 交流想法 3) cultural exchange 文化交流 ①We often exchange ideas and experience in class, which helps us improve together.（应用文・校园生活） ②I’d like to exchange this old book for a new one because the pages are missing.（应用文・投诉 / 请求） ③Cultural exchange can help people from different countries understand each other better.（议论文・文化） 10. graduate v. 毕业 n. 毕业生 背重点 背写作佳句 1) graduate from 从…… 毕业 2) after graduation 毕业之后 3) a college graduate 大学毕业生 ①He will graduate from our school next year and plans to go to a famous university.（应用文・个人介绍） ②After graduation, she decided to work in the countryside to help the local people.（记叙文・人物） ③As a college graduate, he has more chances to achieve his dreams and goals.（议论文・教育） 四．单元短语 1.at an alarming rate 以惊人速度 2.threaten…with extinction 威胁…… 濒临灭绝 3.mother tongue 母语 4.look forward to 期待；盼望 5.to a large extent 在很大程度上 6.spring roll 春卷 7.global companies 跨国企业 8.multiply to… 增长至…… 9.reduce by 减少…… 10.hunt animals 捕猎动物 五．单元佳句 1.句式：since 引导时间状语，主句用现在完成时；at an alarming rate 固定短语。 【教材】However, since then the population has continued to increase at an alarming rate. 翻译：然而从那以后，人口以惊人的速度持续增长。 2. 句式：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气；It takes sb. + 时间 + to do 固定句型。 【教材】If you said “hello” to a different person every second, it would take you 222 years to greet everyone on the planet. 翻译：如果你每秒和一个人问好，问候地球上所有人需要 222 年。 3. 句式：who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 older people。 【教材】The only regular Baras speakers at present are the older people who have stayed in the country. 翻译：目前日常使用巴拉语的只剩留守当地的老年人。 4. 句式：that 引导宾语从句；the number of + 名词作主语，谓语单数。 【教材】Experts think that the number of different languages will halve to just 3,500 by the end of this century. 翻译：专家预测到本世纪末现存语种数量将减半至 3500 种。 六．单元语法 现在分词doing作状语 （一）功能 动词 - ing 形式在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词，可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随。其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。 （二）形式结构 1.一般式：doing（与谓语动作同时 / 几乎同时发生） Hearing the news, they jumped with joy. 2.完成式：having done（动作先于谓语动作发生） Having finished his homework, he went out to play. 3.否定式：not doing / not having done Not knowing what to do, he turned to his teacher. （三）句法功能 1.时间状语（相当于 when/while 从句） Walking in the park, he met an old friend. 2.原因状语（相当于 because/as 从句） Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. 3.条件状语（相当于 if 从句） Working hard, you will make progress. 4.结果状语（自然而然的结果） The population is increasing fast, causing many social problems. 5.伴随 / 方式状语（与谓语同时发生） They sat together, talking and laughing happily. （四）易错提醒 1.逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。 2.作状语时，常用逗号与主句隔开。 3.现在分词表主动 / 进行；过去分词表被动 / 完成。 七．单元写作 Writing a formal email of enquiry 撰写正式咨询邮件 （一）写作概况 •话题：咨询课程、服务、活动等信息 •时态：一般现在时、一般将来时 •人称：第一人称 •格式：正式电子邮件 （二）基本框架 1.开头：自我介绍 + 写信目的 2.正文：2–3 个具体咨询问题 3.结尾：感谢 + 期待回复 （三）标准格式模板 From: Your name Date: Date To: Receiver Subject: Enquiry about ... Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to enquire about ... First, I would like to know ... Second, could you tell me ... Besides, I wonder whether ... I would be grateful if you could reply at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your time and help. Yours faithfully, Your name （四）常用词块 1.enquire about… 咨询…… 2.detailed information 详细信息 3.course arrangement 课程安排 4.accommodation 住宿 5.cost/fee 费用 6.application form 申请表 7.at your earliest convenience 尽早 8.provide me with… 向我提供…… （五）高分句型 开头 1.I am writing to enquire about detailed information concerning… 2.I wonder if you could provide some details about… 正文 1.I would like to know when the course will start. 2.Could you tell me how much the course costs? 3.I wonder whether accommodation is included. 结尾 1.I would be grateful if you could reply soon. 2.Thank you for your time and assistance. 3.I am looking forward to your early reply. （六）满分范文 Subject: Enquiry about English Summer Course Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to enquire about the English summer course in your college. First, I would like to know when the course will start and how long it will last. Second, could you tell me how much the course costs and whether accommodation is included? Besides, I wonder if there are any special activities at weekends. I would be grateful if you could reply at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your help. Yours faithfully, Li Hua 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.The g___________ population is growing very fast. 2.This is an a___________ problem that worries us all. 3.It is hard to p___________ the future exactly. 4.Many animals are facing e___________. 5.She is f___________ in English and French. 6.This is an o___________ notice from the school. 7.We plan to a___________ our new product on TV. 8.He made an e___________ about the course details. 9.I want to b___________ study and hobbies. 10.The library books are a___________ to every student. 答案 + 解析 1.global adj. 全球的，修饰 population 2.alarming adj. 令人担忧的，作定语 3.predict v. 预测，to 后用原形 4.extinction n. 灭绝，face extinction 濒临灭绝 5.fluent adj. 流利的，be fluent in 固定搭配 6.official adj. 官方的，修饰 notice 7.advertise v. 做广告，plan to do 8.enquiry n. 询问，make an enquiry 咨询 9.balance v. 平衡，balance…and… 10.available adj. 可获得的，be available to 可获得 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.___________ (be) ill, he stayed at home. 2.Not ___________ (know) the truth, he felt worried. 3.___________ (finish) his homework, he went out. 4.It is ___________ (alarm) that forests are disappearing. 5.She can speak English ___________ (fluent). 6.We are looking forward to ___________ (see) you. 7.The number of students ___________ (decrease) recently. 8.They tried ___________ (reduce) the cost. 9.This is an ___________ (office) document. 10.Many languages are ___________ (threaten) with extinction. 答案 + 解析 1.Being 动词 - ing 作原因状语 2.knowing 否定式 not doing 作状语 3.Having finished 完成式，表先发生 4.alarming 形容词，令人担忧的 5.fluently 副词修饰动词 speak 6.seeing to 是介词，后接 doing 7.has decreased recently 用现在完成时 8.to reduce try to do 努力做某事 9.official 形容词修饰 document 10.threatened 被动语态，be threatened with 三、完成句子。 1.世界人口正以惊人速度增长。 The world’s population is increasing ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________. 2.许多物种濒临灭绝。 Many species are ___________ ___________ ___________. 3.我期待收到你的回复。 I’m ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ your reply. 4.他努力平衡学习与生活。 He tries to ___________ ___________ and life. 5.这种书学生很容易获得。 This kind of book is ___________ ___________ students. 6.不知道该做什么，他向老师求助。 ___________ ___________ what to do, he turned to the teacher. 7.据预测，未来会有更多变化。 ___________ ___________ ___________ there will be more changes in the future. 8.我写信是为了咨询课程信息。 I am writing to ___________ ___________ the course. 9.我们应该保护文化多样性。 We should ___________ ___________ ___________. 10.他毕业后想出国深造。 He wants to go abroad for further study after ___________. 答案 + 解析 1.at an alarming rate 固定短语 2.threatened with extinction 固定搭配 3.looking forward to receiving to 为介词，后接 doing 4.balance study balance…and… 5.available to 固定搭配 6.Not knowing 动词 - ing 否定式作状语 7.It is predicted that 固定句型 8.enquire about 咨询 9.protect cultural diversity 保护文化多样性 10.graduation after 后接名词 Unit 4 Achievements 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.shark n. 鲨鱼 2.defeat v./n. 击败；挫败 3.destroy v. 摧毁；毁坏 4.struggle v./n. 搏斗；艰难奋斗 5.wrap v. 缠绕；裹住 6.bleed v.(bled,bled) 流血 7.sink v.(sank,sunk) 下沉 8.shortage n. 短缺 9.outstanding adj. 杰出的 10.decade n. 十年 11.dramatically adv. 大幅度地 12.curious adj. 好奇的 13.realistic adj. 现实的 14.professional adj. 专业的；职业的 15.setback n. 挫折 16.maintain v. 保持；维持 17.approach v./n. 靠近；方法 18.attack v./n. 袭击；攻击 19.target n. 目标 v. 瞄准 20.gain v. 获得；收获 二、单词拓展 1.achieve v. 实现；取得 → achievement n. 成就 2.defeat v. 击败 → defeat n. 失败；击败 3.destroy v. 摧毁 → destruction n. 毁灭 4.intelligent adj. 聪明的 → intelligence n. 智力 5.struggle v. 奋斗 → struggle n. 奋斗；难事 6.strong adj. 强壮的 → strength n. 力量 7.bleed v. 流血 → blood n. 血；血液 8.short adj. 短缺的 → shortage n. 短缺 9.out adv. 出去 → outstanding adj. 杰出的 10.curious adj. 好奇的 → curiosity n. 好奇心 11.determine v. 决心 → determined adj. 坚定的 12.sacrifice v. 牺牲 → sacrificial adj. 牺牲的 13.maintain v. 维持 → maintenance n. 维持 14.contribute v. 贡献 → contribution n. 贡献 15.succeed v. 成功 → success n. 成功；successful adj. 成功的 三、常考单词 1. defeat v./n. 击败；失败 背重点 背写作佳句 1) suffer a defeat 遭受失败 2) accept defeat 接受失败 3) be defeated 被击败 ①Though he had suffered one defeat after another, he never lost heart or gave up his dreams.（读后续写・励志） ②We should learn to accept defeat bravely and try harder instead of losing confidence.（议论文・成长） ③A truly strong man can be defeated in body but never beaten in spirit.（演讲稿・人生观） 2. struggle v./n. 奋斗；挣扎 背重点 背写作佳句 1) struggle against 与…… 作斗争 2) struggle to do 努力做 3) struggle for 为…… 奋斗 ①The old man struggled against the fierce shark with all his strength and courage.（读后续写・动作） ②As teenagers, we should struggle for our dreams and be responsible for our future.（演讲稿・目标） ③She struggled to keep her balance on the icy road and finally walked to safety safely.（读后续写・场景） 3. setback n. 挫折 背重点 背写作佳句 1) suffer setbacks 遭遇挫折 2) overcome setbacks 克服挫折 ①Great scientists overcame countless setbacks before success.（人物作文） ②We may meet different setbacks in sports training.（校园写作） ③Never give up when you face unexpected setbacks.（励志议论文） 4. succeed v. 成功 背重点 背写作佳句 1) succeed in doing 成功做某事 2) successful adj. 成功的 ①Finally, the old man succeeded in fighting off the shark and proved his bravery.（读后续写・结局） ②To succeed in life, we must first learn to face difficulties and never give up.（议论文・哲理） ③She is a successful student because she can balance study and hobbies well.（应用文・人物评价） 5. destroy v. 摧毁；毁灭 背重点 背写作佳句 1) destroy houses/crops 毁坏房屋 / 庄稼 2) be destroyed 被摧毁 3) destroy one’s hope 摧毁希望 ①The heavy storm destroyed many houses and left thousands of people homeless.（读后续写・灾害） ②Although his boat was destroyed, the old man’s spirit never broke or gave in.（读后续写・精神） ③Nothing can destroy our hope as long as we keep calm and brave.（议论文・信念） 6. overcome v. 克服 背重点 背写作佳句 1) overcome difficulties 克服困难 2) overcome fear 克服恐惧 3) overcome pressure 克服压力 ①We must overcome all kinds of difficulties if we want to achieve our goals.（议论文・成长） ②With his teacher’s encouragement, he finally overcame his fear of speaking in public.（读后续写・心理） ③Learning to overcome study pressure is an important lesson for every senior high student.（建议信・校园） 7. determine v. 决心；确定 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be determined to do 决心做 2) with determination 坚定地 3) determine to do 决定做 ①He was determined to learn from the old man and never give up when facing trouble.（读后续写・心理） ②The boy stared at the shark with great determination and showed no fear at all.（读后续写・神态） ③She determined to study medicine and help more sick people in the future.（记叙文・理想） 8. attack v./n. 攻击；袭击 背重点 背写作佳句 1) attack sb./sth. 攻击 2) be under attack 遭到攻击 3) launch an attack 发动攻击 ①Suddenly, a huge shark appeared and attacked the big fish tied to the boat violently.（读后续写・场面） ②When the village was under attack, the villagers tried their best to protect themselves.（读后续写・危机） ③We must stay calm and protect ourselves when facing unexpected attacks.（说明文・安全） 9. strength n. 力量；力气 背重点 背写作佳句 1) with all one’s strength 用尽全力 2) build up strength 增强体力 3) inner strength 内在力量 ①He lifted the heavy spear with all his strength and threw it at the shark’s head.（读后续写・动作） ②Regular sports can help us build up strength and keep healthy both in body and mind.（建议信・健康） ③His inner strength moved everyone around him and encouraged us to face difficulties.（读后续写・感动） 10. curious adj. 好奇的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be curious about 对…… 好奇 2) a curious mind 好奇心 3) out of curiosity 出于好奇 ①Einstein was curious about everything around him and loved asking questions from an early age.（人物・科学家） ②A curious mind is the key to discovering new things and making progress.（议论文・学习） ③Out of curiosity, he opened the old box and found a surprising secret inside.（读后续写・情节） 四．单元短语 1.fight off 击退；抵御 2.in addition 此外 3.aim at 瞄准；致力于 4.give up 放弃 5.suffer setbacks 遭遇挫折 6.be short of 短缺 7.in the end 最终 8.make efforts to do 努力做 9.take aim at 瞄准目标 10.be self-sufficient 自给自足 五．单元佳句 1.句式：被动语态；but 表转折 【教材】But man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated. 翻译：人不是为失败而生，一个人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败。 2.句式：现在分词作伴随状语 【教材】He hit it with his wet, bloody hands driving a good spear with all his strength. 翻译：他用淌血的双手奋力挥矛刺向鲨鱼。 3.句式：不定式作目的状语 【教材】Yuan wanted to solve the problem of food shortages to improve rice yields. 翻译：袁隆平想要解决粮食短缺问题以提高水稻产量。 4.句式：only to do 不定式表意外结果 【教材】He tried different ways only to discover that his attempts were unsuccessful. 翻译：他尝试多种办法，结果却发现试验失败。 六．单元语法 The to-infinitive as the adverbial（动词不定式作状语） （一）核心用法 不定式在句中作状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因，逻辑主语与句子主语一致。 （二）表目的（最常考） 含义：为了…… 结构：to do / in order to do / so as to do 位置：句首 / 句末均可 例句：To improve his English, he practises every day. （三）表结果 1.only to do：出乎意料的结果 例句：He hurried to the station, only to find the train left. 2.too…to do：太…… 而不能 例句：The box is too heavy to carry. 3.…enough to do：足够…… 可以做 例句：He is old enough to look after himself. （四）表原因 多用于情绪类形容词后：happy /glad/surprised /proud/sorry 例句：I am proud to be a member of our class. （五）否定形式 not to do 例句：He went there not to make money but to learn. （六）易错提醒 1.主语必须与主句一致 2.only to do：意外结果；doing：自然结果 3.目的状语可放句首，结果状语一般不放句首 七．单元写作 Write an opinion essay on PE classes（关于体育课的观点议论文） （一）写作概况 •文体：议论文（opinion essay） •话题：Should students have one more PE class every day? •时态：一般现在时 •人称：第一 / 三人称 （二）写作框架 1.开头：引出话题 + 明确观点 2.正文：2–3 个分论点 + 例证 / 理由 3.结尾：总结观点 + 提出希望 （三）高分模板 Should Students Have One More PE Class Every Day? Nowadays, more and more people have realized the importance of health. Some students suggest having one more PE class every day. As far as I’m concerned, I fully support this idea. First of all, more PE classes help us keep healthy. Sitting in the classroom all day long makes us tired and weak. Taking exercise regularly can build up our strength and improve our health greatly. Besides, PE classes help us relax from heavy study pressure. When we play sports or games happily, we can forget our worries and refresh our mind quickly. Most importantly, taking PE classes teaches us valuable qualities such as teamwork, perseverance and courage, which are necessary for our future life. In conclusion, having one more PE class every day is really necessary and beneficial. It is good for our body, mind and personal development. I sincerely hope our school can take this suggestion. （四）必背词块 1.keep fit /healthy 保持健康 2.build up one’s body 增强体质 3.reduce study pressure 减轻学习压力 4.keep a clear mind 保持头脑清醒 5.learn teamwork 学习团队合作 6.develop strong will 培养坚强意志 （五）高分句型 开头： 1.Nowadays, more and more people care about… 2.Different people have different opinions on… 3.As far as I’m concerned, I believe that… 正文： 1.First of all,… Besides,… Most importantly,… 2.For example/instance,… 3.Not only can we… but also we can… 4.It helps us… 结尾： 1.In conclusion / In a word / To sum up,… 2.Therefore, I believe that… 3.I sincerely hope that… 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.His a______________________ surprised all the people. 2.They f______________________ off the enemies and won. 3.It is a struggle for people to o______________________ difficulties. 4.He is an o______________________ student in our school. 5.We should c______________________ to our country. 6.The strong wind d______________________ many houses. 7.He is a b______________________ boy and never afraid of difficulties. 8.To our joy, he s______________________ in finishing the task. 9.The soldier was wounded and b______________________ badly. 10.We are faced with a water s______________________. 答案解析 1.achievement 解析：his 后接名词，意为 “成就”。 2.fought 解析：fight off 击退，由 won 可知用过去式。 3.overcome 解析：overcome difficulties 克服困难，to 后接原形。 4.outstanding 解析：形容词 “杰出的”，修饰 student。 5.contribute 解析：contribute to 为…… 做贡献，should 后接原形。 6.destroyed 解析：destroy 摧毁，描述过去用一般过去时。 7.brave 解析：形容词 “勇敢的”，修饰 boy。 8.succeeded 解析：succeed in doing 成功做某事，用过去式。 9.bled 解析：bleed 流血，过去式为不规则变化 bled。 10.shortage 解析：water shortage 水资源短缺。 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.He fought against the shark ______________________ (brave). 2.______________________ (improve) his skills, he practised every day. 3.He is determined ______________________ (learn) English well. 4.Nothing can defeat a ______________________ (determine) heart. 5.She succeeded in ______________________ (pass) the exam. 6.______________________ (overcome) difficulties is the key to success. 7.He hurried to the shop, only ______________________ (find) it closed. 8.Everyone should make ______________________ (contribute) to society. 9.He is too tired ______________________ (walk) further. 10.The old man’s ______________________ (strong) amazed us all. 答案解析 1.bravely 解析：修饰动词 fought，用副词。 2.To improve 解析：不定式作目的状语，为了提高。 3.to learn 解析：固定搭配 be determined to do。 4.determined 解析：形容词修饰名词 heart，坚定的。 5.passing 解析：固定搭配 succeed in doing。 6.Overcoming 解析：动词 - ing 作句子主语。 7.to find 解析：only to do 表出乎意料的结果。 8.contributions 解析：固定搭配 make contributions to。 9.to walk 解析：固定结构 too…to… 太…… 而不能。 10.strength 解析：名词所有格后接名词，strength 力量。 三、完成句子。 1.人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败。 A man can be ______________________ but not ______________________. 2.为了保持健康，我们应该多锻炼。 ______________________ ______________________ ______________________, we should take more exercise. 3.他决心克服所有困难。 He ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ all difficulties. 4.我们应该为祖国做贡献。 We should ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ our motherland. 5.他成功地完成了任务。 He ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ the task. 6.面对困难，我们不要放弃。 When ______________________ ______________________ difficulties, we shouldn’t give up. 7.他毫无希望却坚定地战斗。 He fought ______________________ hope ______________________ determination. 8.成功需要努力和坚持。 Success ______________________ hard work and perseverance. 9.我们应该学会克服压力。 We should learn to ______________________ ______________________. 10.他的勇气给我们留下深刻印象。 His courage _________________ ___________________ ______________________ ______________________ us. 答案解析 1.destroyed; defeated 解析：被动语态；毁灭；打败。 2.To keep healthy 解析：不定式作目的状语。 3.is determined to overcome 解析：固定搭配 be determined to do。 4.contribute to 解析：固定短语 contribute to 为…… 做贡献。 5.succeeded in finishing 解析：固定搭配 succeed in doing。 6.faced with 解析：固定短语 be faced with 面对，省略 be。 7.without; with 解析：without 没有；with 带着。 8.requires 解析：require 需要；主语单数用三单。 9.overcome pressure 解析：overcome 克服；pressure 压力。 10.left a deep impression on 解析：固定短语 leave a deep impression on。 $