衔接点08 主谓一致（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，通用版）英语初升高衔接

衔接点08 主谓一致 初中视角 高中展望 语法一致原则：主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。 意义一致原则：意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。 高中“主谓一致”主要学习句中主语的人称和数的变化外，还要考虑到谓语动词的时态和语态的变化。主要从并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致和单一主语情况下对谓语的要求，以及其他一些特殊情况下的主谓一致。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中主谓一致考点聚焦】 考点1 就近原则 1．There ________ some juice and apples in the fridge. A．was B．were C．is D．are 2．________ my father nor my mother likes spicy food. They both prefer sweet dishes. A．Either B．Both C．Neither D．Not only 3．Not only my father but also my grandparents ________ in the countryside. A．live B．lives C．is living D．has lived 考点2 就远原则 4．Jenny as well as her classmates ________ interested in drawing pictures. A．is B．are C．have D．has 5．Mr. Wang with his wife and children ______ in the countryside. A．enjoys living B．enjoy living C．enjoys to live D．enjoy to live 6．Frank isn’t very friendly to others. As a result, all my classmates except him ________ Christmas presents from one another. A．have got B．has got C．gets D．were getting 考点3 意义一致原则 7．I plan to travel to Beijing next month, and I think 3,000 yuan ________ enough. A．was B．are C．is D．were 8．The Green family ________ to the south of the country next week. A．are going to move B．was moving C．are moving D．is moving 9．—The homeless ________ so poor that they have nowhere to live. —Exactly, but to our joy, the local government can ________ them with special places to stay. A．is; offer B．are; give C．are; provide D．is; afford 考点4 语法一致原则 10．A number of students ________ in the classroom now. A．is B．are C．was D．were 11．Look! A pair of sport shoes ________ under the bed. It ________ mine. A．are, are B．is, are C．are, is D．is, is 12．About one third of my classmates ________ their parents do housework on weekends. A．helps B．help C．to help D．helped 【高中主谓一致考点聚焦】 课标解读 在英语表达中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，我们称之为“主谓一致”。要做到主谓一致，除了要考虑句中主语的人称和数的变化外，还要考虑到谓语动词的时态和语态的变化。 典型例句：1.Either he or I am wrong.不是他错了，就是我错了。 2.The singer and dancer comes from Shanghai.那位歌舞演员来自上海。 3.A number of students like playing football.许多学生喜欢踢足球。 考点清单 一、主谓一致核心原则 主谓一致主要遵循三大原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。 语法一致 ：依据主语的单复数形式来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。例如：“The girl reads a book.”（女孩读书。）“Girls read books.”（女孩们读书。） 意义一致 ：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的实际意义。例如：“Ten dollars is enough for this purchase.”（十美元足以用于这次购买。）虽主语 “Ten dollars” 是复数形式，但表达的是一笔钱的整体概念，故谓语用单数。 就近一致 ：谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致。多出现在由 “either...or...”“neither...nor...”“not only...but also...” 等连接的句子中。例如：“Either you or he is going to the party.”（要么你去参加聚会，要么他去。） 二、常见主谓一致情况归纳 （一）、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 · 由 and 连接主语时 不同人 / 物→复数：若并列主语表示不同个体，谓语动词用复数。 例：Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.（李明和张华是好学生。） Both rice and wheat are grown here.（这里种植水稻和小麦。） 同一人 / 物→单数：若并列主语指同一人或整体概念，谓语动词用单数。 例：The professor and writer is speaking.（这位教授兼作家在发言。） Fish and chips is a popular dish.（炸鱼薯条是一道受欢迎的菜。） 必背：常被视为一个整体的“A and B”结构 a cup and saucer一副杯碟 a horse and cart马车 a knife and fork一副刀叉 a law and rule法规 a needle and thread一套针线 fish and chips炸鱼加炸薯条 each/every 修饰→单数：并列主语前有 each, every, many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Each doctor and nurse was asked to help.（每位医护人员都被要求提供帮助。） Many a student has made this mistake.（许多学生犯过这个错误。） · 由 or/neither...nor 等连接主语时 就近一致原则：谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。 例：Either you or Jane is to go.（要么你去，要么简去。） Neither the teacher nor the students like the music.（老师和学生都不喜欢这首曲子。） 由either...or，neither...nor，or，not only...but (also)...连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式采取就近一致原则，即与最靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致。 A or B（A或B……） 谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致，在陈述句中与B保持一致，在疑问句中与A保持一致。 Either A or B（不是A就是B……） Neither A nor B（A和B都不……） Not only A but also B（不仅A……而且B……） （二）、单一主语的主谓一致 · 以复数形式结尾的名词 学科名词→单数：physics, mathematics 等学科名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Physics is a fundamental subject.（物理是一门基础学科。） 两部分组成的物体→复数：trousers, scissors 等词单独作主语时用复数，但若被 pair 等单位词修饰，则由单位词决定单复数。 例：My trousers are white.（我的裤子是白色的。） A pair of scissors is in the drawer.（抽屉里有一把剪刀。） 由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 chopsticks筷子 compasses圆规 glasses眼镜 gloves手套 jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子（美国英语） scissors剪子 shoes鞋 shorts短裤 socks短袜 trousers裤子，长裤（英国英语） · 集体名词 强调整体→单数：family, team 等词强调整体时用单数。 例：The family is moving to New York.（这家人要搬到纽约。） 强调个体→复数：若强调成员，谓语动词用复数。 例：The family have different opinions.（这家人意见不一。） 切记：以下是一些以-s结尾的名词，它们作主语时，谓语用复数形式。 belongings财产 clothes衣服 earnings收入 goods货物 leavings剩余 savings储蓄 · 非谓语动词或从句作主语 单数原则：不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Swimming is good for health.（游泳有益健康。） What he said remains a mystery.（他的话仍是个谜。） 多概念→复数：若多个非谓语动词表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数。 例：Reading and writing are essential skills.（阅读和写作是基本技能。） （三）、其他情况的主谓一致 · 表示距离、时间等的复数名词 整体概念→单数：Five dollars seems fair.（五美元听起来合理。） 强调数目→复数：One hundred cents make a dollar.（100 美分等于 1 美元。） · 不定代词作主语 单数原则：everyone, something 等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Everyone was surprised at the news.（所有人都对消息感到惊讶。） · 分数 / 百分数 + of... 结构 of 后名词决定单复数： 例：Two thirds of the students support the plan.（三分之二的学生支持计划。） Three fourths of the earth is water.（地球四分之三是水。） · there/here 引导的句子 就近一致：谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。 例：There is a book and two pens.（有一本书和两支笔。） Here are some gifts for you.（这些是给你的礼物。） 一、单句语法填空 1．The number of applicants (rise) greatly over the past three years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Neither the students nor the teacher (know) the answer to the question. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Nowadays the temple as well as its surrounding gardens (belong) to a local family. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．The first or last phrase spoken (be) memorised better than the conversation as a whole. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．As far as I know, more than one student as well as three teachers (award) at the meeting the other day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．In my opinion, it is not the passengers but the driver who (be) to blame. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．The number of cultural heritage sites in this province (remain) stable over the past decade. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．The number of young people learning English (increase) rapidly these days. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．What matters most to the students (be) their final exam results, while what lie on the teacher’s desk (be) the marked papers.(所给词的适当形式填空) 10．Not only his friends but also he (wish) for a holiday now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．Neither he nor I (finish) the experiment so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．Many a teacher (be) present at the meeting yesterday afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．Not only Tony but also his parents (invite) to the party last night. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．A large quantity of money (spend) on the project so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．Up to now, two thirds of the project (finish). (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．There (be) a cup of tea and some apples on the table in the picture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．It’s not Tom but I that (earn) a living by teaching. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．Mr Li, rather than you, (be) going to visit America tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．My sister, as well as my parents, (like) listening to music. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．Qian Hujun at Jilin University, together with his partners, (call) this the plastics trilemma (三难困境). (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 21．使他的计划成为现实的并非运气，而是多年的辛勤工作。(not... but... ) It was ________ luck ________ years of hard work that ________. 22．显然，学生和老师昨晚都对表演不满意。 ________, neither the students nor the teacher ________ ________ with the performance last night. 23．围绕着这个小村庄的，是青山和一条清澈的小河。 ________ the small village ________ green mountains and a clear river. 24．The expert committee ________ ________ ________ five leading scientists and two legal advisors. 专家委员会由五位顶尖科学家和两位法律顾问组成。 25．这座古城有许多可以发现的东西，难怪游客不断前来。(there be) ________________ in this ancient city, so it’s no wonder that tourists keep coming back. 26．Caring for the elderly is a traditional virtue, which will contribute to ________. 照顾老人是一种传统美德，它不仅有助于家庭幸福，而且有助于构建和谐社会。（not just...but also ...） 27．或者你或者他每天得照顾那位病人。（either... or） _________________ to look after the patient every day. 28．Either you or the president ________________ about the topic. 要么你要么总统就这个话题发表演讲。 29．Every man and every woman ________________ now. 现在所有男人和女人都在工作。 30．_________ the boys from the fire. 不仅是你而且还有他从火中救出了那些男孩。 三、语篇填空（主谓一致专练） "Nothing is impossible for a willing heart," my mother often says. Every difficulty in my life 　1　(teach) me to be strong. After graduation, I together with my best friend 　2　(plan) to start a small bookstore. The police as well as the community workers 　3　(help) us get the business license last month. Not only the books but also the lovely stationery 　4　(attract) many customers so far. Three years 　5　(be) not a long time, but our store 　6　(become) popular nearby. The number of regular visitors 　7　(increase) every month. What I need to do now 　8　(be) to keep providing good service. I believe reading, together with sharing, 　9　(make) our life warmer. All that I own 　10　(come) from my love for life and hard work. 一、语法填空 Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it's 1 ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, 2 means you'll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn't think that a few 3 (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough 4 the rest of your life, and that's also true for building your vocabulary--you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.One of the 5 (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to 6 (real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic. This isn't as hard as it 7 (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while 8 (read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and 9 (they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words 10 (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically. 二、阅读理解 An upcoming wearable device (设备) for the blind could help them move around public and outdoor spaces on their own, acting as “glasses” that guide them. The glasses are actually a headset, similar to the ones you might wear for VR (Virtual Reality) experiences. Unlike those headsets, this one doesn’t show any pictures. Instead, it delivers soft shakes on your forehead, along with sound from built-in speakers, to guide you through public areas. The device is noticeable in design. It has a sizeable sensor fixed on the forehead, a camera set in the front, and a large battery group at the back. It supports up to two hours of use on a single charge, and the whole package weighs 1 kg. The AI-powered system works out sensor readings (传感器读数) over 100 times a second. It helps the device understand where you’re walking and what’s in front of you, so you can avoid things that block the way. You can use your voice to ask for guidance to specific places. You can set locations like “home” or “work” in advance, and the device will understand simple instructions like “take me to my office”, then lead you all the way to the right building. The device may take the place of a guide dog, which is perhaps the best possible choice for blind people to find their way around. But that means a long wait and requires the blind to take on the big responsibility of caring for the dog over several years. So far, the company has invited more than 400 blind users in over 40 countries to test the glasses in real environments. If the device can deliver on its promise, it will provide a new level of personal freedom to people around the world living with blindness. 11．What does the device depend on to guide the blind through public areas? A．A VR headphone. B．Shakes and sound. C．A separate speaker. D．Pictures and videos. 12．What can we learn about the device from paragraph 2? A．Its design is quite ordinary. B．It can sense walking speed. C．It can check road conditions. D．Its battery can last very long. 13．Why does the author mention a guide dog? A．To promote the use of a guide dog. B．To stress the weakness of the device. C．To show a possible future of the device. D．To tell the difficulty in raising a guide dog. 14．What does the underlined word “promise” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Test service. B．Real situations. C．Technology support. D．Expected functions. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点08 主谓一致 初中视角 高中展望 语法一致原则：主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。 意义一致原则：意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。 高中“主谓一致”主要学习句中主语的人称和数的变化外，还要考虑到谓语动词的时态和语态的变化。主要从并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致和单一主语情况下对谓语的要求，以及其他一些特殊情况下的主谓一致。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中主谓一致考点聚焦】 考点1 就近原则 1．There ________ some juice and apples in the fridge. A．was B．were C．is D．are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：冰箱里有一些果汁和苹果。 在“there be”句型中，be动词的选择遵循“就近原则”，即与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。在本句中时态为一般现在时，离be动词最近的主语是“some juice”，juice为不可数名词，视为单数，所以be动词用单数形式“is”。 2．________ my father nor my mother likes spicy food. They both prefer sweet dishes. A．Either B．Both C．Neither D．Not only 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我爸爸和妈妈都不喜欢吃辣的食物。他们俩都喜欢甜食。 考查连词辨析。Either（两者中的）任何一个；Both两者都；Neither两者都不；Not only不仅。根据“my father nor my mother likes spicy food.”可知，此处是neither...nor...“两者都不”，表示父母都不喜欢吃辣的食物。故选C。 3．Not only my father but also my grandparents ________ in the countryside. A．live B．lives C．is living D．has lived 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅我的父亲，还有我的祖父母都住在乡下。   考查主谓一致。当主语由“not only...but also...”连接时，谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”，即与but also后的名词保持一致。本句中but also后是复数名词“my grandparents”，因此谓语动词用原形。故选A。 考点2 就远原则 4．Jenny as well as her classmates ________ interested in drawing pictures. A．is B．are C．have D．has 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Jenny和她的同学都对画画感兴趣。 考查形容词短语和主谓一致。根据“interested in drawing pictures”可知是对画画感兴趣，be interested in“对……感兴趣”，排除C、D；根据“Jenny as well as her classmates”可知，as well as连接并列主语时，遵循“就远原则”，Jenny是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选A。 5．Mr. Wang with his wife and children ______ in the countryside. A．enjoys living B．enjoy living C．enjoys to live D．enjoy to live 【答案】A 【详解】句意：王先生和他的妻子、孩子们喜欢在农村生活。 考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。描述事实用一般现在时。句子中含有with“和”，遵循就远原则。此句谓语动词的变化取决于第三人称单数的Mr. Wang，谓语动词用三单形式的enjoys。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”。故选A。 6．Frank isn’t very friendly to others. As a result, all my classmates except him ________ Christmas presents from one another. A．have got B．has got C．gets D．were getting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：弗兰克对别人不太友好。因此，除了他之外，我所有的同学都收到了彼此送的圣诞礼物。 考查主谓一致以及现在完成时的用法。根据“all my classmates（我的所有同学，复数概念）”以及句子语境可知，这里表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，要用现在完成时，且主语不是第三人称单数，所以要用have got。故选A。 考点3 意义一致原则 7．I plan to travel to Beijing next month, and I think 3,000 yuan ________ enough. A．was B．are C．is D．were 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我计划下个月去北京旅行，我认为3000元足够了。 考查主谓一致和时态。“3000 yuan”作为金额整体时，视为单数概念，谓语动词需用单数形式；根据“I plan”和“and”可知，“and”前后时态一致，句子为一般现在时态，所以be动词填is。故选C。 8．The Green family ________ to the south of the country next week. A．are going to move B．was moving C．are moving D．is moving 【答案】D 【详解】句意：格林一家下周要搬到这个国家的南部去。 考查动词时态。根据“next week”可知，此句时态为一般将来时，主语The Green family表示整体，be动词用单数is，此处可以用现在进行时表将来。故选D。 9．—The homeless ________ so poor that they have nowhere to live. —Exactly, but to our joy, the local government can ________ them with special places to stay. A．is; offer B．are; give C．are; provide D．is; afford 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——无家可归的人如此的穷，以至于他们没地方住。——的确，但是让我们高兴的是，当地政府能够给他们提供特殊的住处。 考查主谓一致和动词辨析。offer提供；give给；provide提供；afford付得起。the homeless表示所有无家可归的人，表复数概念，因此be动词用are；排除A和D；provide sb with sth表示“提供某人某物”。故选C。 考点4 语法一致原则 10．A number of students ________ in the classroom now. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现在许多学生在教室里。 考查主谓一致。“A number of students”意为“许多学生”，中心词是复数名词“students”，且时间状语“now”表示现在时，因此谓语动词需用复数现在时形式。故选B。 11．Look! A pair of sport shoes ________ under the bed. It ________ mine. A．are, are B．is, are C．are, is D．is, is 【答案】D 【详解】句意：看！床底下有一双运动鞋。它是我的。 考查主谓一致。当名词被量词修饰时，单复数取决于量词的单复数，由“A pair of”可知，是单数，be动词用is；第二空主语是第三人称单数，be动词也用is。故选D。 12．About one third of my classmates ________ their parents do housework on weekends. A．helps B．help C．to help D．helped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我同学中的大约三分之一在周末帮助他们的父母做家务。 考查主谓一致。helps一般现在时单三形式；help动词原形；to help动词不定式；helped一般过去时。根据“About one third of my classmates”和“on weekends”可知，此句主语“one third of my classmates”为复数，时态是一般现在时，因此谓语动词用原形。故选B。 【高中主谓一致考点聚焦】 课标解读 在英语表达中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，我们称之为“主谓一致”。要做到主谓一致，除了要考虑句中主语的人称和数的变化外，还要考虑到谓语动词的时态和语态的变化。 典型例句：1.Either he or I am wrong.不是他错了，就是我错了。 2.The singer and dancer comes from Shanghai.那位歌舞演员来自上海。 3.A number of students like playing football.许多学生喜欢踢足球。 考点清单 一、主谓一致核心原则 主谓一致主要遵循三大原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。 语法一致 ：依据主语的单复数形式来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。例如：“The girl reads a book.”（女孩读书。）“Girls read books.”（女孩们读书。） 意义一致 ：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的实际意义。例如：“Ten dollars is enough for this purchase.”（十美元足以用于这次购买。）虽主语 “Ten dollars” 是复数形式，但表达的是一笔钱的整体概念，故谓语用单数。 就近一致 ：谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致。多出现在由 “either...or...”“neither...nor...”“not only...but also...” 等连接的句子中。例如：“Either you or he is going to the party.”（要么你去参加聚会，要么他去。） 二、常见主谓一致情况归纳 （一）、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 · 由 and 连接主语时 不同人 / 物→复数：若并列主语表示不同个体，谓语动词用复数。 例：Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.（李明和张华是好学生。） Both rice and wheat are grown here.（这里种植水稻和小麦。） 同一人 / 物→单数：若并列主语指同一人或整体概念，谓语动词用单数。 例：The professor and writer is speaking.（这位教授兼作家在发言。） Fish and chips is a popular dish.（炸鱼薯条是一道受欢迎的菜。） 必背：常被视为一个整体的“A and B”结构 a cup and saucer一副杯碟 a horse and cart马车 a knife and fork一副刀叉 a law and rule法规 a needle and thread一套针线 fish and chips炸鱼加炸薯条 each/every 修饰→单数：并列主语前有 each, every, many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Each doctor and nurse was asked to help.（每位医护人员都被要求提供帮助。） Many a student has made this mistake.（许多学生犯过这个错误。） · 由 or/neither...nor 等连接主语时 就近一致原则：谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。 例：Either you or Jane is to go.（要么你去，要么简去。） Neither the teacher nor the students like the music.（老师和学生都不喜欢这首曲子。） 由either...or，neither...nor，or，not only...but (also)...连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式采取就近一致原则，即与最靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致。 A or B（A或B……） 谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致，在陈述句中与B保持一致，在疑问句中与A保持一致。 Either A or B（不是A就是B……） Neither A nor B（A和B都不……） Not only A but also B（不仅A……而且B……） （二）、单一主语的主谓一致 · 以复数形式结尾的名词 学科名词→单数：physics, mathematics 等学科名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Physics is a fundamental subject.（物理是一门基础学科。） 两部分组成的物体→复数：trousers, scissors 等词单独作主语时用复数，但若被 pair 等单位词修饰，则由单位词决定单复数。 例：My trousers are white.（我的裤子是白色的。） A pair of scissors is in the drawer.（抽屉里有一把剪刀。） 由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 chopsticks筷子 compasses圆规 glasses眼镜 gloves手套 jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子（美国英语） scissors剪子 shoes鞋 shorts短裤 socks短袜 trousers裤子，长裤（英国英语） · 集体名词 强调整体→单数：family, team 等词强调整体时用单数。 例：The family is moving to New York.（这家人要搬到纽约。） 强调个体→复数：若强调成员，谓语动词用复数。 例：The family have different opinions.（这家人意见不一。） 切记：以下是一些以-s结尾的名词，它们作主语时，谓语用复数形式。 belongings财产 clothes衣服 earnings收入 goods货物 leavings剩余 savings储蓄 · 非谓语动词或从句作主语 单数原则：不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Swimming is good for health.（游泳有益健康。） What he said remains a mystery.（他的话仍是个谜。） 多概念→复数：若多个非谓语动词表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数。 例：Reading and writing are essential skills.（阅读和写作是基本技能。） （三）、其他情况的主谓一致 · 表示距离、时间等的复数名词 整体概念→单数：Five dollars seems fair.（五美元听起来合理。） 强调数目→复数：One hundred cents make a dollar.（100 美分等于 1 美元。） · 不定代词作主语 单数原则：everyone, something 等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Everyone was surprised at the news.（所有人都对消息感到惊讶。） · 分数 / 百分数 + of... 结构 of 后名词决定单复数： 例：Two thirds of the students support the plan.（三分之二的学生支持计划。） Three fourths of the earth is water.（地球四分之三是水。） · there/here 引导的句子 就近一致：谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。 例：There is a book and two pens.（有一本书和两支笔。） Here are some gifts for you.（这些是给你的礼物。） 一、单句语法填空 1．The number of applicants (rise) greatly over the past three years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has risen 【详解】句意：在过去三年里，申请者的数量大幅增加。rise(增加)作谓语，根据时间状语“over the past three years”可知，讲述过去持续到现在的情况，应用现在完成时态，“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式has risen。 2．Neither the students nor the teacher (know) the answer to the question. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】knows 【详解】句意：学生和老师都不知道这道题的答案。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，neither...nor...连接并列名词作主语时，遵循就近原则，the teacher为第三人称单数，谓语用单数形式knows。 3．Nowadays the temple as well as its surrounding gardens (belong) to a local family. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】belongs 【详解】句意：现在该寺庙和它周围的花园都属于一个当地家庭。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，as well as连接并列名词作主语时，遵循就远原则，the temple是第三人称单数，谓语belong用单数形式belongs。 4．The first or last phrase spoken (be) memorised better than the conversation as a whole. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】句意：人们对对话开头或结尾那句话的记忆效果，比对整段对话的记忆效果更好。句子陈述客观真理，用一般现在时，or连接并列主语，遵循就近原则，last phrase为第三人称单数，be用is。 5．As far as I know, more than one student as well as three teachers (award) at the meeting the other day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was awarded 【详解】句意：据我所知，几天前的会议上，不止一名学生和三位老师受到了表彰。as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数由前面的主语决定；more than one + 单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；the other day表示“几天前”，需用一般过去时；主语与award之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态was awarded。 6．In my opinion, it is not the passengers but the driver who (be) to blame. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】句意：在我看来，应该受责备的不是乘客，而是司机。空处为who引导的限制性定语从句的谓语，指代the diver，根据“not...but...”结构可知，此处考查not A but B的就近原则。在not...but...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与靠近它的主语（即but后的主语）保持一致。本句中but后的主语为the driver，因此谓语动词用单数形式。结合语境，此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。 7．The number of cultural heritage sites in this province (remain) stable over the past decade. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has remained 【详解】句意：在过去十年里，该省的文化遗产数量保持稳定。根据后文over the past decade可知为现在完成时，主语为The number of cultural heritage sites，the number of表示“……的数量”，作主语，谓语动词用单数，助动词用has。 8．The number of young people learning English (increase) rapidly these days. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is increasing 【详解】句意：如今，学习英语的年轻人的数量正在迅速增加。根据时间状语these days可知，本句描述现阶段正在发生的情况，应用现在进行时，主语为The number of young people learning English，the number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，be动词用is，increase的现在分词为increasing。 9．What matters most to the students (be) their final exam results, while what lie on the teacher’s desk (be) the marked papers.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 is are 【详解】句意：对学生来说，最重要的是他们的期末考试成绩，而老师桌上的东西则是那些已经批改过的试卷。根据句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，What matters most to the students表达一个抽象概念，第一空处用单数is，由what lie和the marked papers可知，what引导的从句表示复数概念，第二空处用复数are。 10．Not only his friends but also he (wish) for a holiday now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】wishes 【详解】句意：不仅他的朋友们，他现在也期盼着能放假。时间状语now表明这里是现在的状态，用一般现在时。当Not only...but also...（不仅……而且……）连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数要遵循就近一致原则，即谓语和距离它更近的主语保持性数一致。本题中，距离空格谓语更近的主语是he，为第三人称单数，因此谓语需要用第三人称单数形式wishes。 11．Neither he nor I (finish) the experiment so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have finished 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我和他都还没有完成这个实验。时间状语so far意为“到目前为止”，是现在完成时的标志。 并列连词neither...nor...（既不……也不……）连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要遵循就近一致原则，即谓语的数和距离它更近的主语保持一致。本题中距离谓语更近的主语是第一人称I，因此助动词要用对应形式have。 12．Many a teacher (be) present at the meeting yesterday afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was 【详解】句意：许多老师昨天下午出席了会议。根据后文yesterday afternoon可知为一般过去时，主语为may a+名词，谓语用单数。 13．Not only Tony but also his parents (invite) to the party last night. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were invited 【详解】句意：昨晚不仅托尼被邀请参加聚会，他的父母也被邀请了。由last night和父母是被邀请可知，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词根据就近原则确定，即根据his parents确定，his parents是复数，因此空格处是were invited。 14．A large quantity of money (spend) on the project so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been spent 【详解】句意：到目前为止，该项目已经投入了大量资金。根据时间状语so far可知，本句用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响。A large quantity of money和动词spend是被动关系，因此需要用被动语态。 且“a large quantity of + 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，因此这里助动词用has。 15．Up to now, two thirds of the project (finish). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been finished 【详解】句意：到目前为止，这个项目的三分之二已经完工。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语up to now可知，此处为现在完成时，project和finish是被动关系，所以此处使用现在完成时的被动语态，分数修饰名词作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于被修饰词的单复数，project为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has been finished。 16．There (be) a cup of tea and some apples on the table in the picture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】句意：图片中的桌子上有一杯茶和一些苹果。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，there be句型中的be动词根据就近原则确定，即根据a cup of tea确定，是单数，因此空格处用is。 17．It’s not Tom but I that (earn) a living by teaching. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】earn 【详解】句意：靠教书谋生的不是Tom，而是我。not…but… 是固定搭配，表示“不是……而是……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，此句谓语动词和靠近的主语I一致；时态为一般现在时，故用earn。 18．Mr Li, rather than you, (be) going to visit America tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】句意：李先生，而不是你，明天打算去美国参观。主语由rather than连接时，谓语动词的数应与rather than前面的主语保持一致，即“就远原则”。本句中与Mr Li一致，且be going to表将来，be动词用is。 19．My sister, as well as my parents, (like) listening to music. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】likes 【详解】句意：我姐姐还有我的父母都喜欢听音乐。此处为谓语动词，结合句意，此处描述的客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，as well as 连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就远原则，谓语和前面主语My sister保持一致，所以用动词的第三人称单数likes。 20．Qian Hujun at Jilin University, together with his partners, (call) this the plastics trilemma (三难困境). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】calls 【详解】句意：吉林大学的钱虎军和他的合作伙伴们将此称为塑料三难困境。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，together with连接两部分名词作主语，谓语和其前面主语一致，Qian Hujun为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式calls。 二、完成句子 21．使他的计划成为现实的并非运气，而是多年的辛勤工作。(not... but... ) It was ________ luck ________ years of hard work that ________. 【答案】 not but made his plan a reality 【详解】表示“不是……而是……”可用连词not...but...；表示“让他的计划成为现实”可用“make + 宾语 + 宾补”结构，It was...that...是强调句型，that后接谓语动词，因此make用过去式形式made，“现实”用名词reality。 22．显然，学生和老师昨晚都对表演不满意。 ________, neither the students nor the teacher ________ ________ with the performance last night. 【答案】 Obviously was satisfied 【详解】第一空表示“显然”用副词obviously，修饰句子，首字母大写；第二空和第三空表示“对……满意”短语为be satisfied with，且neither...nor...遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的 the teacher为单数；根据last night用一般过去时。 23．围绕着这个小村庄的，是青山和一条清澈的小河。 ________ the small village ________ green mountains and a clear river. 【答案】 What surrounds are 【详解】“围绕”表达为surround，“围绕着这个小村庄的”用主语从句What surrounds the small village来表达，what在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”What surrounds the small village指复数概念，谓语用复数are。 24．The expert committee ________ ________ ________ five leading scientists and two legal advisors. 专家委员会由五位顶尖科学家和两位法律顾问组成。 【答案】 is/was/are/were composed of 【详解】根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“由……组成”，作谓语，表达为be composed of，此句既可用于陈述目前客观事实，用一般现在时，也可陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，The expert committee作主语，可视为一个整体，be动词用单数形式is/was，也可强调其成员，be动词用复数形式are/were。 25．这座古城有许多可以发现的东西，难怪游客不断前来。(there be) ________________ in this ancient city, so it’s no wonder that tourists keep coming back. 【答案】There is much to discover 【详解】考查there be句型和不定式作定语。根据句意，此处使用there be句型表示“有”，much作主语，结合下文的谓语动词“is”以及“keep”可知，此处使用一般现在时，所以be动词用is，“可以发现的东西”用不定式to discover作后置定语修饰much，句首单词首字母需大写。故填There is much to discover。 26．Caring for the elderly is a traditional virtue, which will contribute to ________. 照顾老人是一种传统美德，它不仅有助于家庭幸福，而且有助于构建和谐社会。（not just...but also ...） 【答案】not just a happy family but also a harmonious society 【详解】考查固定搭配、形容词和名词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“不仅……家庭幸福，而且……和谐社会”，“不仅……而且……”是固定搭配not just...but also...，“家庭幸福”可理解为“一个幸福的家庭”，是a happy family，“和谐社会”是a harmonious society，故填not just a happy family but also a harmonious society。 27．或者你或者他每天得照顾那位病人。（either... or） _________________ to look after the patient every day. 【答案】Either you or he has 【详解】考查固定结构和主谓一致。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“或者你或者他得”；“或者……或者……”用固定结构either... or... 表达，连接两个并列主语you和he；句子陈述经常性的动作，时态为一般现在时；在either... or... 结构中，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，此处与靠近它的主语he保持一致，因此“得（做某事）”用has to do sth. 表达；且句首单词首字母大写。故填Either you or he has。 28．Either you or the president ________________ about the topic. 要么你要么总统就这个话题发表演讲。 【答案】is to deliver a speech 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“发表演讲”短语为deliver a speech，此处表示安排计划，用be to do sth.，且either...or...为就近原则，谓语与president保持一致，用单数。故填is to deliver a speech。 29．Every man and every woman ________________ now. 现在所有男人和女人都在工作。 【答案】is at work 【详解】考查主谓一致和固定短语。当“every + 单数名词 + and + every + 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语now表明句子可用一般现在时。“在工作”可译为固定短语at work，作表语，故填is at work。 30．_________ the boys from the fire. 不仅是你而且还有他从火中救出了那些男孩。 【答案】Not only you but (also) he has saved 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“不仅……而且……”句型为not only…but (also)…；表示“救出”用动词save，表示过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时。此处遵循就近原则，与he保持一致，用has。故填Not only you but (also) he has saved。 三、语篇填空（主谓一致专练） "Nothing is impossible for a willing heart," my mother often says. Every difficulty in my life 　1　(teach) me to be strong. After graduation, I together with my best friend 　2　(plan) to start a small bookstore. The police as well as the community workers 　3　(help) us get the business license last month. Not only the books but also the lovely stationery 　4　(attract) many customers so far. Three years 　5　(be) not a long time, but our store 　6　(become) popular nearby. The number of regular visitors 　7　(increase) every month. What I need to do now 　8　(be) to keep providing good service. I believe reading, together with sharing, 　9　(make) our life warmer. All that I own 　10　(come) from my love for life and hard work. 【导读】　本文讲述了作者和朋友经营书店的经历，重点考查语法一致、意义一致、就近一致等主谓一致核心考点。 1. teaches　主语 Every difficulty 为不定代词，视作单数，一般现在时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 2. plans　主语后接 together with 短语时，谓语单复数由前面的主语 I 决定，故填动词原形 plan（此处按命题逻辑统一用三单形式：plans）。 3. helped　主语后接 as well as 短语时，谓语单复数由前面的主语 The police（集体名词，此处表复数）决定，last month 用一般过去时，故填 helped。 4. has attracted　not only...but also... 遵循就近一致原则，谓语单复数由最近的 stationery（不可数名词）决定，so far 用现在完成时，故填 has attracted。 5. is　表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，通常视作整体，谓语用单数，故填 is。 6. has become　主语 our store 为单数，现在完成时表示结果，故填 has become。 7. increases　the number of... 作主语，意为 “…… 的数量”，谓语动词用单数，every month 用一般现在时，故填 increases。 8. is　主语从句 What I need to do now 作主语，视作单数，故填 is。 9. makes　主语后接 together with 短语时，谓语单复数由前面的 reading（动名词）决定，动名词作主语谓语用单数，故填 makes。 10. comes　all 作主语，指代事物时视作单数，一般现在时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填 comes。 一、语法填空 Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it's 1 ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, 2 means you'll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn't think that a few 3 (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough 4 the rest of your life, and that's also true for building your vocabulary--you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.One of the 5 (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to 6 (real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic. This isn't as hard as it 7 (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while 8 (read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and 9 (they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words 10 (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically. 【答案】 1．an 2．which 3．months 4．for 5．most effective 6．really 7．sounds 8．reading 9．their 10．learned 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了轻松积累词汇的几种方法。 【详解】1．考查冠词。句意：和生活中许多事情一样，积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程。由语境可知填“一个”，欧宁以元音音素开头， “一个”用不定冠词an表示泛指。故填an。 2．考查定语从句关系词。句意：通过分析句子结构可知，_______means you'll just keep getting better and better.是定语从句，空白处所填的词指代逗号前的there’s enough room for improvement，which在句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。故填which。 3．考查名词单复数。句意：你认为青少年时期几个月的记忆锻炼不够。month为可数名词，且由a few可知month应用复数形式。故填months。 4．考查介词。句意：几个月的记忆锻炼对于余生是不够的。be enough for sth 对······已足够。故填介词for。 5．考查形容词最高级。句意：读好书是扩大词汇量最有效的方法之一。此处要表达的是“最有效的方法之一”，因此填most effective。 6．考查词性转换。句意：你需要一周至少真正读一本书。此处应用副词修饰动词 read，因此填really。 7．考查主谓一致及时态。句意：这件事并不像听起来那么难。描述的是一般事实，而且主语为it，因此用sound的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填sounds. 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：你在阅读一篇有趣的文学故事时增长词汇量。逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系，故用现在分词reading ... 作状语；也可视为状语从句while you are reading... 的省略形式。故填reading。 9．考查代词。句意：另一个好处是你不知不觉中学习到了新词和它们的用法。use在此处是名词，故用形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：你自然会在对话中使用这些词汇。learned / learnt作后置定语修饰words，表示“已学过的词”， words与learn是被动的关系，因此用过去分词。故填learned/learnt。 【点睛】 语法填空分有提示词和无提示词两类。本篇语法填空题的设空有提示词的7个,无提示词的3个。因此,有提示词类是高考语法填空测试的重点。1.有提示词的都是实词,要求用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。所给词包括动词、形容词、名词和代词四类, 2.无提示词。包括（冠词、介词、连词、从句关系词）。例如：一. 动词的形态变化，即时态（重点考察一般过去时，一般现在时）、被动语态、虚拟语气、祈使句和非谓语动词（v-ing, v-ed, to do 作主语、状语、定语（前置、后置定语）等This isn’t as hard as it___7___(sound),根据前面的谓语isn’t得知描述的是一般事实，主语为第三人称it，因此用sound的一般现在时也要用第三人称单数形式。故填sounds.because you improve your vocabulary while___8___(read) an interesting piece of literature.前后主语一致，逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系，故用现在分词reading ... 作状语；也可视为状语从句while you are reading... 的省略形式，省略主语和be动词。故填reading。you will tend to use the words___10___(learn)this way in conversations almost automatically.前面有谓语动词，划线动词和前一句没有连词，可以判定出填非谓语形式。learned / learnt作后置定语修饰words，表示“已学过的词”， words与learn是被动的关系，因此用过去分词。 二、阅读理解 An upcoming wearable device (设备) for the blind could help them move around public and outdoor spaces on their own, acting as “glasses” that guide them. The glasses are actually a headset, similar to the ones you might wear for VR (Virtual Reality) experiences. Unlike those headsets, this one doesn’t show any pictures. Instead, it delivers soft shakes on your forehead, along with sound from built-in speakers, to guide you through public areas. The device is noticeable in design. It has a sizeable sensor fixed on the forehead, a camera set in the front, and a large battery group at the back. It supports up to two hours of use on a single charge, and the whole package weighs 1 kg. The AI-powered system works out sensor readings (传感器读数) over 100 times a second. It helps the device understand where you’re walking and what’s in front of you, so you can avoid things that block the way. You can use your voice to ask for guidance to specific places. You can set locations like “home” or “work” in advance, and the device will understand simple instructions like “take me to my office”, then lead you all the way to the right building. The device may take the place of a guide dog, which is perhaps the best possible choice for blind people to find their way around. But that means a long wait and requires the blind to take on the big responsibility of caring for the dog over several years. So far, the company has invited more than 400 blind users in over 40 countries to test the glasses in real environments. If the device can deliver on its promise, it will provide a new level of personal freedom to people around the world living with blindness. 11．What does the device depend on to guide the blind through public areas? A．A VR headphone. B．Shakes and sound. C．A separate speaker. D．Pictures and videos. 12．What can we learn about the device from paragraph 2? A．Its design is quite ordinary. B．It can sense walking speed. C．It can check road conditions. D．Its battery can last very long. 13．Why does the author mention a guide dog? A．To promote the use of a guide dog. B．To stress the weakness of the device. C．To show a possible future of the device. D．To tell the difficulty in raising a guide dog. 14．What does the underlined word “promise” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Test service. B．Real situations. C．Technology support. D．Expected functions. 【答案】11．B 12．C 13．C 14．D 【导语】文章介绍一款新型盲人引导设备的原理、功能及优势，有望助力盲人自由出行。 【详解】11．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Instead, it delivers soft shakes on your forehead, along with sound from built-in speakers, to guide you through public areas.(相反，它通过额头的轻微震动以及内置扬声器的声音，引导使用者在公共区域行走。)”可知，该设备依靠震动和声音引导盲人出行。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It helps the device understand where you’re walking and what’s in front of you, so you can avoid things that block the way.(它能帮助设备感知行走位置和前方事物，让使用者避开障碍物。)”可知，这款设备可以检测路况、规避障碍。 13．推理判断题。根据第四段“The device may take the  place of a guide dog, which is perhaps the best possible choice for  blind people to find their way around. But that means a long wait and  requires the blind to take on the big responsibility of caring for the  dog over several years.(该设备有望替代导盲犬。导盲犬向来是盲人出行的优选，但申领导盲犬往往需要漫长等待，而且盲人还要承担起多年照料狗狗的重任。)”可知，作者提到导盲犬是为了展示该设备可能取代导盲犬的未来前景。 14．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“If the device can deliver on its promise, it will provide a new level of personal freedom to people around the world living with blindness.(倘若它能达到promise，将会为全球盲人带来更高的行动自由。)”可知，倘若它能达到预期效果，将会为全球盲人带来更高的行动自由。promise指代这款设备原本“预期具备的各项功能与效果”。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $