衔接点11 分词（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，通用版）英语初升高衔接

衔接点11 分词 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段能够识别分词的基本形式，现在分词是在动词原形后加上-ing；过去分词包括规则动词的-ed形式和不规则动词的特殊形式。理解现在分词可以作为形容词、名词或副词使用。理解过去分词通常用作形容词或与助动词一起构成被动语态和完成时态。 高中阶段，学生需要更深入地理解分词的语法功能和变化规则，包括不规则动词的现在分词和过去分词形式。在复合句中使用分词进行更复杂的修饰，如使用分词作定语、状语、补语等。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中分词考点聚焦】 考点1 现在分词 1．When I passed the living room, I saw my little sister ______ my new iPad. A．to use B．used C．using D．was using 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我经过客厅时，我看见我的小妹妹正在用我的新iPad。 see sb. doing sth.表示看见某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行；see sb. do sth.表示看见某人做了某事，强调全过程。根据“When I passed the living room”可知，此处指经过时看见动作正在发生，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。 2．She heard someone ________ for help suddenly. A．cry B．crying C．to cry D．cried 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她突然听到有人在呼救。 考查非谓语动词。根据句意，此处指“突然听到有人正在呼救”，应用短语hear sb. doing sth.表示“听到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。故选B。 3．With the weather ________ bad, we had to cancel the outdoor picnic. A．turned B．turning C．turns D．turn 【答案】B 【详解】句意：由于天气变坏，我们不得不取消户外野餐。 考查with的复合结构。分析句子可知，此处是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构作状语，weather和turn之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故选B。 4．The old temple ________ by workers now will become a popular tourist attraction in Nanjing. A．repaired B．being repaired C．repairing D．to repair 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这座正在被工人们修理的古老寺庙将成为南京的一个热门旅游景点。 考查非谓语动词作定语。空白处需用现在分词的被动形式being repaired表示正在进行的被动动作“正在被修理”，与“now”呼应。故选B。 5．There are some students ________ about the physics problem in the classroom. A．talk B．talking C．to talk D．talks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：教室里有一些学生正在讨论物理问题。 考查现在分词作后置定语。根据“There are some students … about the physics problem”可知，此处需用现在分词talking作后置定语，表示“正在讨论的学生”，强调主动和进行的状态。故选B。 考点2 过去分词 6．The book ________ by Mo Yan is very popular among young people. A．write B．wrote C．written D．writing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：莫言写的这本书在年轻人中很受欢迎。 主语The book与动词write之间是被动关系，需用过去分词written作后置定语修饰The book。 7．My robot has caught a virus and I need to have it __________. A．check B．checked C．checking D．to check 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的机器人中病毒了，我需要让人检查一下它。 have sth. done是固定结构，表示“让某事被做（由别人完成）”，此处指让机器人被检查，应填过去分词checked。 8．The girl ________ in red is my classmate. A．dress B．dressing C．to dress D．dressed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：那个穿红衣服的女孩是我的同学。 考查非谓语动词。根据句意，此处表示“穿红衣服的”，需用非谓语动词修饰“the girl”，且“女孩”与“穿”之间为被动关系（被衣服装扮），应使用过去分词“dressed”作后置定语，相当于“who is dressed in red”。故选D。 9．Cleaning women in big cities usually get_____by the hour. A．pay B．paying C．paid D．to pay 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大城市的清洁女工通常是按小时计算酬劳的。考查被动语态。由题干可知句子的主语Cleaning women与pay之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；“get+动词过去分词”表示被动含义，过去分词在这里作表语，相当于be+动词过去分词，这里指的是获得酬劳、别人支付给她工资；故答案选C。 10．There are many different kinds of animals in the zoo, giraffes ________. A．includes B．included C．including D．include 【答案】B 【详解】句意：动物园里有许多不同种类的动物，长颈鹿被包括在内。 考查动词非谓语形式。includes包括，第三人称单数；included被包括，过去式或过去分词；including包括，介词；include包括，动词原形。根据“There are many different kinds of animals in the zoo”可知，“长颈鹿”是前面“动物”中的一部分，此处表示“被包括在内”，included符合语境。故选B。 【高中分词考点聚焦】 课标解读 现在分词和过去分词在复杂句型中的使用，如分词短语作状语、定语、补语等。 现在分词和过去分词在各种时态和语态中的准确运用，包括进行时、完成时、被动语态等。 现在分词和过去分词作为非谓语动词在句子中的功能和意义。 考点清单 一、分词的分类及形式 1. 现在分词的形式： 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 否定式：not + 现在分词 1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如： They went to the park, singing and talking. Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 The problem being discussed is very important. Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 2、过去分词的形式：（done） 　过去分词只有一般式，没有完成式，也没有主动语态。 总结：现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别是： 　　A.从语态角度来讲，现在分词表示主动意义。而过去分词通常表示被动意义（不及物动词的过去分词除外）。 B.从时态角度来讲，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。 二、分词的用法 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 1. 分词作定语 1）分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： 　　Where are the reserved seats? （=Where are the seats which have been reserved?） 　　预定的座位在哪里？ 　　This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem which is pressing.）这是一个紧迫的问题。 　　 2）分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　The funds raised （= which have been raised） are mainly used for helping the homeless. 　　筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。 　　There are many students waiting （= who are waiting） to get examined. 　　有许多学生在等待检查。 　　This book， written （= which is written） in simple English， is suitable for beginners. 　　本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。 3）分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如： 　　The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone. 　　那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。 　　The newly-built building is our office building. 　　这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。 4）有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如： 　　There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn. 　　秋天有许多落叶。 　　The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man. 　　这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。 　　常用的这一类词有：fallen， faded， returned， retired， risen， grown up， vanished等。 比较：一般来讲，及物动词的动词-ing形式修饰事物，其过去分词修饰人。 a surprising result一个惊人的结果 surprised girls吃惊的姑娘们 tiring music烦人的音乐 a tired man一个疲倦的人 When they heard the exciting news,they got excited.Then the excited people shouted loudly and cheered.当他们听到这一激动人心的消息时，他们变得激动起来。然后这些激动的人们大声地叫喊、欢呼。 2. 分词作宾语补足语 1） 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch， have get， keep， hear， find， feel， leave， make， want， start， notice， observe， watch， set等。例如： 　　When they returned home from the holiday， they found their house stolen. 　　当他们度假完回到家时，发现房子被盗了。（过去分词表示被动） 　　We want this work finished quickly. 　　我们要求这项工作很快完成。 2）在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。例如： 　　There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard. 　　由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。 　　When he awoke， he found himself being looked after by an old woman. 　　他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。 3. 分词作状语 1）分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　Confined to bed （= Because she was confined to bed）， she needed to be waited on in everything. 　　她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。（作原因状语） 　　Having only book knowledge （= If you only have book knowledge）， you will not be able to work well. 　　如果只有书本知识，你就不可能做好工作。（作条件状语） 　　They stood there waiting for the bus. （=They stood there and waited for the bus.） 　　他们站在那里等公共汽车。（作方式状语） (1)、表示时间，分词短语一般至于句首。 　　多数情形下，分词动作发生于谓语动作之前，有时候分词动作和谓语动作同时发生。 　　e.g. Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.（分词动作发生于谓语动作之前） 　　Riding in the street during the rush hours, you must be careful.(分词动作和谓语动作同时发生) (2)、表示原因，分词短语可置于句首或句末，有时还可以置于主谓之间。 　　e.g. Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice. (3)、表示条件，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Given more time, I would be able to complete it. (4)、表示让步，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Having lived in Canada for three years, he still can`t speak English well. (5)、表结果，一般只放在句末。 　　e.g. I went home, finding the door locked (6)、表伴随状况，补充说明或方式，分词短语置于句首或句末均可。 　　e.g. He came running breathless and told me the results. 2） 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较 　　不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when， while， if， though， as if， unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如： 　　Working hard （If you work hard）， you will succeed. 　　如果你努力，你会成功的。 　　Defeated （= Though he was defeated）， he remained a popular boxer. 　　虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。 4. 分词的独立结构 1）分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如： 　　The project finished, they had a two weeks' leave. 　　完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。 　　He being absent, nothing could be done. 　　由于他缺席，什么事也没法干。 2） 独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without + 名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。例如： 　　They sat there silently,（with） their eyes fixed on the lake. 　　他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。 　　With him helping me, I felt lucky. 　　有他的帮助，我感到很幸运。 拓展1： 过去分词作表语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，常位于be动词或remain, sound, feel等系动词之后； “get+过去分词”结构也是被动语态。 例1：Though he was a new man, he got accustomed to the way of life here very soon. 例2： Tom sounds very interested in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it. be+动词的过去分词”，有时是系表结构，而不是被动语态，因为此时的过去分词已经形容词化了。常用于系表结构的过去分词有： astonished感到吃惊的 educated受过教育的 excited兴奋的 fallen落下的 frightened受惊的 gone过去的，消失的 interested感兴趣的 known著名的 learned有学问的 mistaken误解的，弄错的 retired退休的 returned已归来的 risen升起来的 upset心烦的 My watch is gone.我的手表不见了。 It’s not my fault.You are mistaken.这不是我的过错，你误会了。 拓展2： 部分动词常用于“be+过去分词+介词”结构，可以用作谓语、主语或状语 be absorbed in 被……吸引，专注于 be lost in 迷失在……中 be dressed in 穿着…… be caught/trapped/stuck in 被困在…… be occupied in 忙碌于…… be located/situated in 坐落在…… be equipped/furnished with 被配备…… be loaded/burdened with 担负着…… be faced with 面临着…… be accustomed/used to doing 习惯于做某事 be devoted/committed to doing 致力于做某事 be addicted to doing 对……上瘾 例：Absorbed in reading, Tom didn’t even notice his mom come in. 一、单句语法填空 1．You’d better get the car battery (charge) before it runs out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】charged 【详解】句意：你最好在汽车电池电量耗尽前把它充满电。此处为固定结构“get+宾语+宾补”，且宾语battery与charge为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词作宾语补足语。 2． (face) with so many challenges, the team decided to change their strategy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Faced 【详解】句意：面对诸多挑战，团队决定调整策略。此处为非谓语动词作状语，be faced with意为“面对”，此处省略be，用过去分词作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。 3．The man (appoint) as the new manager will take office next Monday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】appointed 【详解】句意：这位被任命为新任经理的男子将于下周一就职。此处为非谓语动词作定语，man与appoint为被动关系，用过去分词appointed作后置定语，意为“被任命”。 4． (frighten) by the dog, the little girl cried loudly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Frightened 【详解】句意：被那条狗吓到后，小女孩大声哭了起来。此处为非谓语动词作状语，主语the little girl与frighten为被动关系，用过去分词作原因状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。 5．Though time is limited, I think I’ll get the work (finish) on time.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】finished 【详解】句意：虽然时间有限，但我认为我能按时完成这项工作。分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配 get sth. done 表示“使某事被完成”，work与 finish为被动关系，故填过去分词finished。 6． (encourage) by his teacher, he worked harder than before. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Encouraged 【详解】句意：受到老师的鼓励，他比以前学习更加努力。此处为非谓语动词作状语，主语he与encourage为被动关系，用过去分词作状语，表被动和原因，位于句首，首字母需大写。 7．It was so cold that they kept the fire (burn) all night. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】burning 【详解】句意：天气太冷了，他们让火整晚都燃烧着。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定结构keep sth. doing，表示“让某物一直处于某种状态”，宾语the fire与burn为逻辑主动关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。 8．With the manager (admit) his mistake, the whole team felt relieved and moved on. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】admitting 【详解】句意：经理承认了自身错误后，全队放下心来继续推进工作。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，admit与逻辑主语manager是主动关系，用现在分词形式admitting作宾补。 9．I could hear him constantly (complain) about the noisy environment next door. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】complaining 【详解】句意：我能听见他不停地抱怨隔壁吵闹的环境。此处为“hear +宾语+宾补”结构，complain与宾语him为主动关系，因此使用现在分词形式complaining作宾补。 10． (work) on the project for three days, the team finally found a solution. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having worked 【详解】句意：团队奋战这个项目三天后，终于找到了解决方案。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，the team和work为逻辑主谓关系，且work发生在found之前，需用现在分词的完成式having worked，句首字母需大写。 11．The heavy rain poured for three hours, (lead) to a serious flood in the low-lying areas. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】leading 【详解】句意：大雨下了三个小时，导致地势低洼地区爆发了严重的洪水。此处作结果状语，lead(导致)用非谓语形式，与上文句子之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动和自然而然的结果。 12．His design enables smoother movement through water, (reduce) impact on the delicate underwater ecosystems. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】reducing 【详解】句意：他的设计能让物体在水中更顺畅地游动，减少对脆弱水下生态系统的影响。此处为非谓语动词作状语，reduce与逻辑主语design为主动关系，所以使用现在分词reducing。 13． (work) on his homework since morning, Tom decided to watch a movie for a rest. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having worked 【详解】句意：汤姆从早上就一直在写作业，于是他决定看场电影放松一下。句中已有谓语动词decided，空处应用非谓语动词，work和逻辑主语Tom为主动关系，且该动作发生的“决定看电影”之前，应用现在分词的完成式having done，位于句首，注意首字母大写。 14． (not receive) a reply, he decided to send them another email. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Not having received 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于没有收到回复，他决定再给他们发一封邮件。句中已有谓语动词decided，此处作非谓语动词。动词receive与主句主语the构成主动关系，用现在分词形式。结合句意和another email，可知此处动作先与主句动作完成，用完成时。综合以上分析，此处用现在分词完成式的否定形式。 15．I felt someone (clap) me on the shoulder when I was waiting for the bus. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】clapping 【详解】句意：当我正在等公交车的时候，我感觉有人正在拍我的肩膀。空处作宾语补足语，clap和someone是主动关系，且结合下文“when I was waiting for the bus”可知，动作正在进行，应用现在分词clapping，表主动和进行。 16．People (throw) rubbish at will are a headache for the whole community. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】throwing 【详解】句意：随意扔垃圾的人让整个社区都很头疼。 根据句意可知，此处为非谓语作后置定语，修饰People，People与throw之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。 17．The boy ran away with his dog (follow) him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】following 【详解】句意：男孩跑开了，他的狗跟在他后面。follow(跟着，跟随)作with复合结构中宾语补足语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语his dog之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。 18．Being careless with small things often causes mistakes, (result) in unnecessary trouble and regret. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】resulting 【详解】句意：对小事情不够细心往往会导致错误，从而引发不必要的麻烦和遗憾。此处在句中作结果状语，表示“粗心导致错误”这一动作自然而然产生的结果，应用现在分词。 19．Those (devote) themselves to public welfare deserve our highest praise. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】devoting 【详解】句意：那些投身公益事业的人，值得我们给予最高赞誉。本句的谓语动词是deserve，因此空格处需要填入非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰主语Those（指代“人们”）。固定搭配devote oneself to sth.意为“致力于某事，投身于某事”。 Those和动词devote是主动关系，因此用现在分词devoting。 20．Chinese people give high regard to calligraphy, an art form (originate) from the Shang Dynasty of ancient China. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】originating 【详解】句意：中国人非常重视书法，这是一种起源于中国古代商朝的艺术形式。本空修饰名词短语an art form，作后置定语；originate与an art form之间为主动关系，用现在分词originating。 二、完成句子 21．The careless driver was caught on camera __________ (闯红灯) at a busy intersection, causing a near-miss accident with a pedestrian who was crossing legally. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】running a red light 【详解】句意：这名粗心的司机被拍到在繁忙的十字路口闯红灯，引发了一起险发事故，差点撞到正常合规过马路的行人。“闯红灯”用动词短语run a red light，作主语补足语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语driver之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。 22．Children love to see colorful ________ ________ (挂灯笼) everywhere. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 lanterns hanging 【详解】句意：孩子们喜欢看到到处都挂着五颜六色的灯笼。根据汉语提示“灯笼”可知，此处为名词lantern，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限制，需填名词复数形式，表示“挂”应用hang，此处为现在分词作宾补。 23．________________(晚上参观伦敦 ), we are a bit like in a dream. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】Visiting London at night 【详解】考查动词短语、介词短语和非谓语动词。根据汉语意思提示可知，表示“参观伦敦”应为动词短语visit London；表示“在晚上”应为介词短语at night；结合句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，visit和逻辑主语we为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填Visiting London at night。 24．The valuable Chinese vase ________ (属于) my grandmother was broken by my little brother by accident. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】belonging to 【详解】句意：那只属于我奶奶的贵重中国花瓶被我弟弟不小心打碎了。汉语提示“属于”对应动词短语belong to。由于句子已有谓语was broken且belong to无被动形式，此空应是现在分词形式belonging to，作后置定语。 25．Exhausted from the day’s activities, he quickly fell asleep, _________ __________ (梦想着) coming adventures. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】 dreaming of 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：一天的活动使他疲惫不堪，他很快就睡着了，梦想着即将到来的冒险。“梦想做某事”可表示为dream of doing sth，本句谓语为fell，故设空处为非谓语动词，dream与逻辑主语he之间为主谓关系，用dreaming。故填dreaming of。 26．I’m sorry to make you ________________ (让你等我这么长时间). （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】waiting for me so long 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：抱歉让你等我这么长时间。表示“等待”短语为wait for，me作宾语，且与you构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补；表示“这么长时间”用so long。故填waiting for me so long。 27．There are some citizens ____________ (站在 ……前面) the painting. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】standing in front of 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有一些市民站在这幅画前面。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“站在……前面”用stand in front of，citizens与stand 为主动关系，再由语境可知，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填standing in front of。 28．As we know, a lot of things ________________ (在过去被认为不可能的) are common today. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】considered impossible in the past 【详解】句意：众所周知，许多过去被认为不可能的事情如今都变得很平常。表示认为用动词“consider”，修饰名词things，和名词之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，不可能的用形容词“impossible”，作主语补足语，在过去用介词短语“in the past”。 29．The place _________ _____ (被……环绕/包围) plants is good for our health. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 surrounded by 【详解】句意：被植物环绕的这个地方对我们的健康有益。“环绕，包围”用动词surround表示，根据汉语提示“被……环绕/包围”，固定短语surrounded by表被动含义，此处用过去分词短语作后置定语修饰名词The place。 30．He raised his voice to make ____________ (让人听到他说话). （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】himself heard 【详解】考查代词和非谓语动词。句意：他提高了嗓门以便让别人能听到他说话。此处为make oneself done结构，结合主语He可知用反身代词himself，hear与himself为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填himself heard。 三、语篇填空（分词专练） 1 (see) from the top of the hill, our school looks beautiful. The students 2 (sit) under the tree are talking about their coming holiday.3 (inspire) by his teacher’s words, Tom makes up his mind to improve his weak subjects. He found his homework 4 (finish) before dinner yesterday.The game is very 5 (excite), so all the players feel 6 (encourage). I saw some boys 7 (play) basketball on the playground when I passed by.8 (walk) along the street, I noticed a broken bike 9 (lie) beside the road. 10 (tire) from daily study, I still stick to taking exercise every evening. 【导读】短文围绕校园日常见闻展开，全面考查分词核心考点：现在分词作状语、定语、宾语补足语；过去分词作状语、定语、宾补；-ing 修饰事物、-ed 修饰人的形容词化分词。 1. Seen原句译文：从山顶望去，我们的校园很漂亮。解析：句子主语 our school 和 see 是被动关系，“被眺望”，用过去分词作条件 / 方式状语，故填 Seen。 2. sitting原句译文：坐在树下的学生们正在讨论即将到来的假期。解析：students 与 sit 是主动关系，现在分词作后置定语，修饰 students，表示主动、正在进行，填 sitting。 3. Inspired原句译文：受到老师话语的鼓舞，汤姆下定决心补强薄弱学科。解析：主语 Tom 和 inspire 为被动关系 “被鼓舞”，过去分词置于句首作原因状语，填 Inspired。 4. finished原句译文：昨天晚饭前他就完成了作业。解析：固定结构 find + 宾语 + 宾补，homework 和 finish 是被动关系 “作业被完成”，过去分词作宾语补足语，填 finished。 5. exciting原句译文：这场比赛十分令人激动，所有选手都备受鼓舞。解析：exciting 修饰事物 game，表示 “令人激动的”；-ing 分词多指事物带给人的感受，填 exciting。 6. encouraged原句译文：这场比赛十分令人激动，所有选手都备受鼓舞。解析：encouraged 修饰主语 all the players，表 “（人）感到受鼓舞的”，-ed 分词多用来描述人的主观感受，填 encouraged。 7. playing原句译文：我路过的时候看见几个男孩正在操场上打篮球。解析：see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事，现在分词作宾补，强调动作正在发生，填 playing。 8. Walking原句译文：沿着街道往前走时，我发现路边横着一辆坏掉的自行车。解析：主语 I 和 walk 是主动关系，“我行走”，现在分词作时间状语，填 Walking。 9. lying原句译文：沿着街道往前走时，我发现路边横着一辆坏掉的自行车。解析：宾语 a broken bike 和 lie 是主动关系，现在分词作宾补，表示状态，填 lying。 10. Tired原句译文：虽然日常学习很累，我仍旧坚持每晚锻炼身体。解析：be tired from 为固定搭配（因…… 疲惫），过去分词化形容词作状语，描述主语 I 的状态，填 Tired。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The UK, which is also referred 1 as Britain or Great Britain, is a 2 (fascinate) country with a long history. It is made up of four countries — England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The four countries 3 (belong) to the UK use the same currency and military defence, but they also have some differences, such as different legal 4 (system) and national days. The UK was once taken over by four groups of people, who had 5 great influence on the culture of this country in many ways. For example, the Romans, 6 came in the first century, built many towns and roads all over the country. The Anglo-Saxons 7 (introduce) the beginnings of the English language. The Vikings left behind the names of many locations and the Normans had castles 8 (build) all around England. If you have known the history and geography of this country, you will not 9 (confuse) by what these different names mean. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much 10 (enjoyable). 【答案】 1．to 2．fascinating 3．belonging 4．systems 5．a 6．who 7．introduced 8．built 9．be confused 10．more enjoyable 【导语】文章主要讲述了英国的历史、地理构成及其文化起源。 【详解】1．考查介词。句意：英国也被称为不列颠或大不列颠。refer to...as...为固定搭配，意为“把……称为……”。 2．考查形容词。句意：英国是一个有着悠久历史的迷人国家。空处修饰名词country，需用形容词，fascinate的形容词形式fascinating意为“迷人的”，修饰物。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：属于英国的四个国家使用相同的货币和军事防御。空处作后置定语修饰the four countries，belong与the four countries之间为主动关系，需用现在分词。 4．考查名词复数。句意：但它们也有一些不同之处，比如不同的法律体系和国庆节。system为可数名词“系统”，四个国家有不同的法律体系，需用复数形式。 5．考查冠词。句意：英国曾被四个民族占领，他们在许多方面对这个国家的文化产生了巨大影响。have a great influence on为固定搭配，意为“对……有巨大影响”。 6．考查定语从句。句意：例如，罗马人在一世纪来到这里，在全国各地建造了许多城镇和道路。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the Romans，且关系词在从句中作主语，指人，需用关系代词who引导该从句。 7．考查动词时态。句意：盎格鲁-撒克逊人引入了英语的起源。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据上下文语境，此处描述过去发生的历史事件，需用一般过去时。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：诺曼人在英格兰各地建造了城堡。have sth. done为固定结构，意为“使某物被……”，castles与build之间为被动关系，需用过去分词作宾语补足语。 9．考查被动语态。句意：如果你了解了这个国家的历史和地理，你就不会被这些不同的名字搞糊涂。you与confuse之间为被动关系，且空前有will not，需用被动语态be confused构成一般将来时的被动语态。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：研究这个国家的历史会使你的旅行更加愉快。much修饰比较级，表示程度，enjoyable为多音节形容词，比较级为more enjoyable。 二、阅读理解 I have always been indecisive and scared of wasting money. When it came to travel, this meant I was eager for someone to tell me where to go, what to see and what to eat. Before any holiday or day out, I’d already explored the area on Google Earth, watched videos on social media, and read online reviews. I knew exactly where I was going before I’d even left my house. Then it struck me that, in trying to plan the perfect day, I had forgotten what makes these experiences joyful: spontaneity (随性). Even on holiday, every day was planned in great detail — and it was ruining the fun of travelling. Without realising, I’d turned travelling into work. So, a year ago, I made a change. I banned myself from reading reviews and excessive planning for a trip to Barcelona. Instead, I chose an area I wanted to explore. Once I was there, that was it. I couldn’t rely on my phone, which meant no Google Maps, no Tripadvisor, and no TikTok. It wasn’t easy at first. I felt a bit lost without my phone while wandering through unknown neighbourhoods. But that’s exactly why it’s so fun. Going in unprepared opens you up to surprises. Without being glued to directions, I noticed more of my surroundings. I wandered into museums I’d never heard of and explored interesting side streets. Now, it’s the only way I’ll travel. Sometimes, I’ll find myself down a dead end, and sometimes the place I choose isn’t great. But for every miss, there are many more hits. The places I returned to were ones I’d found on my own. Travelling without planning has made me more comfortable with making decisions. Trying to have the perfect holiday is no longer the point; it’s about living in the present and making good memories. 11．What did the author do before traveling? A．Make simple plans and enjoy surprises. B．Rely on his phone during the whole trip. C．Gather detailed information online in advance. D．Ask friends where to go, what to see and what to eat. 12．What caused the author to make the change in his travel style? A．He found travelling physically tiring. B．He could no longer depend on his phone. C．He wanted to spend less money on travel. D．He realized planning reduced the fun of travel. 13．What kind of person is the author now? A．Shy and dependent. B．Strict and organized. C．Adventurous and open-minded. D．Careless and irresponsible. 14．What is the best title for the text? A．The Importance of Travel Planning B．An Unforgettable Trip to Barcelona C．How to Avoid Phone Use While Travelling D．From Overplanning to Enjoying Travelling 【答案】11．C 12．D 13．C 14．D 【导语】本文作者讲述了自己从旅行前过度规划到享受随机旅行的转变过程，强调了随机性在旅行中的重要性。 【详解】11．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Before any holiday or day out, I’d already explored the area on Google Earth, watched videos on social media, and read online reviews. I knew exactly where I was going before I’d even left my house.(在任何假期或外出之前，我已经在谷歌地球上探索了这个地区，在社交媒体上观看了视频，并阅读了在线评论。我还没出门就知道自己要去哪里了。)”可知，作者在旅行前会在网上收集详细信息。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Then it struck me that, in trying to plan the perfect day, I had forgotten what makes these experiences joyful: spontaneity (随性). Even on holiday, every day was planned in great detail — and it was ruining the fun of travelling. Without realising, I’d turned travelling into work.(然后我突然意识到，在试图规划完美的一天时，我忘记了是什么让这些经历变得快乐：随性。即使在假期里，每一天都被精心规划——这破坏了旅行的乐趣。在不知不觉中，我把旅行变成了工作。)”可知，作者意识到规划减少了旅行的乐趣，因此改变了旅行方式。 13．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But that’s exactly why it’s so fun. Going in unprepared opens you up to surprises. Without being glued to directions, I noticed more of my surroundings. I wandered into museums I’d never heard of and explored interesting side streets.(但这正是它如此有趣的原因。毫无准备地出发会让你对惊喜敞开心扉。没有死死盯着方向，我注意到了周围更多的东西。我偶然走进了从未听说过的博物馆，探索了有趣的街巷。)”以及第五段“Now, it’s the only way I’ll travel. Sometimes, I’ll find myself down a dead end, and sometimes the place I choose isn’t great. But for every miss, there are many more hits. The places I returned to were ones I’d found on my own.(现在，这是我唯一的旅行方式。有时，我会发现自己走到了死胡同，有时我选择的地方并不怎么样。但每一次错过，都有更多次命中。我回去的地方都是我自己找到的。)”可知，作者现在喜欢探索未知，享受旅行中的随机性，说明作者是一个有冒险精神和思想开放的人。 14．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“Travelling without planning has made me more comfortable with making decisions. Trying to have the perfect holiday is no longer the point; it’s about living in the present and making good memories.(没有计划的旅行让我在做决定时更加自在。试图拥有一个完美的假期不再是重点；重点是活在当下，留下美好的回忆。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者从过度规划旅行到享受随机旅行的转变，因此最佳标题是“From Overplanning to Enjoying Travelling(从过度规划到享受旅行)”。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点11 分词 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段能够识别分词的基本形式，现在分词是在动词原形后加上-ing；过去分词包括规则动词的-ed形式和不规则动词的特殊形式。理解现在分词可以作为形容词、名词或副词使用。理解过去分词通常用作形容词或与助动词一起构成被动语态和完成时态。 高中阶段，学生需要更深入地理解分词的语法功能和变化规则，包括不规则动词的现在分词和过去分词形式。在复合句中使用分词进行更复杂的修饰，如使用分词作定语、状语、补语等。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中分词考点聚焦】 考点1 现在分词 1．When I passed the living room, I saw my little sister ______ my new iPad. A．to use B．used C．using D．was using 2．She heard someone ________ for help suddenly. A．cry B．crying C．to cry D．cried 3．With the weather ________ bad, we had to cancel the outdoor picnic. A．turned B．turning C．turns D．turn 4．The old temple ________ by workers now will become a popular tourist attraction in Nanjing. A．repaired B．being repaired C．repairing D．to repair 5．There are some students ________ about the physics problem in the classroom. A．talk B．talking C．to talk D．talks 考点2 过去分词 6．The book ________ by Mo Yan is very popular among young people. A．write B．wrote C．written D．writing 7．My robot has caught a virus and I need to have it __________. A．check B．checked C．checking D．to check 8．The girl ________ in red is my classmate. A．dress B．dressing C．to dress D．dressed 9．Cleaning women in big cities usually get_____by the hour. A．pay B．paying C．paid D．to pay 10．There are many different kinds of animals in the zoo, giraffes ________. A．includes B．included C．including D．include 【高中分词考点聚焦】 课标解读 现在分词和过去分词在复杂句型中的使用，如分词短语作状语、定语、补语等。 现在分词和过去分词在各种时态和语态中的准确运用，包括进行时、完成时、被动语态等。 现在分词和过去分词作为非谓语动词在句子中的功能和意义。 考点清单 一、分词的分类及形式 1. 现在分词的形式： 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 否定式：not + 现在分词 1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如： They went to the park, singing and talking. Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 The problem being discussed is very important. Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 2、过去分词的形式：（done） 　过去分词只有一般式，没有完成式，也没有主动语态。 总结：现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别是： 　　A.从语态角度来讲，现在分词表示主动意义。而过去分词通常表示被动意义（不及物动词的过去分词除外）。 B.从时态角度来讲，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。 二、分词的用法 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 1. 分词作定语 1）分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： 　　Where are the reserved seats? （=Where are the seats which have been reserved?） 　　预定的座位在哪里？ 　　This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem which is pressing.）这是一个紧迫的问题。 　　 2）分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　The funds raised （= which have been raised） are mainly used for helping the homeless. 　　筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。 　　There are many students waiting （= who are waiting） to get examined. 　　有许多学生在等待检查。 　　This book， written （= which is written） in simple English， is suitable for beginners. 　　本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。 3）分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如： 　　The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone. 　　那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。 　　The newly-built building is our office building. 　　这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。 4）有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如： 　　There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn. 　　秋天有许多落叶。 　　The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man. 　　这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。 　　常用的这一类词有：fallen， faded， returned， retired， risen， grown up， vanished等。 比较：一般来讲，及物动词的动词-ing形式修饰事物，其过去分词修饰人。 a surprising result一个惊人的结果 surprised girls吃惊的姑娘们 tiring music烦人的音乐 a tired man一个疲倦的人 When they heard the exciting news,they got excited.Then the excited people shouted loudly and cheered.当他们听到这一激动人心的消息时，他们变得激动起来。然后这些激动的人们大声地叫喊、欢呼。 2. 分词作宾语补足语 1） 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch， have get， keep， hear， find， feel， leave， make， want， start， notice， observe， watch， set等。例如： 　　When they returned home from the holiday， they found their house stolen. 　　当他们度假完回到家时，发现房子被盗了。（过去分词表示被动） 　　We want this work finished quickly. 　　我们要求这项工作很快完成。 2）在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。例如： 　　There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard. 　　由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。 　　When he awoke， he found himself being looked after by an old woman. 　　他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。 3. 分词作状语 1）分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　Confined to bed （= Because she was confined to bed）， she needed to be waited on in everything. 　　她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。（作原因状语） 　　Having only book knowledge （= If you only have book knowledge）， you will not be able to work well. 　　如果只有书本知识，你就不可能做好工作。（作条件状语） 　　They stood there waiting for the bus. （=They stood there and waited for the bus.） 　　他们站在那里等公共汽车。（作方式状语） (1)、表示时间，分词短语一般至于句首。 　　多数情形下，分词动作发生于谓语动作之前，有时候分词动作和谓语动作同时发生。 　　e.g. Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.（分词动作发生于谓语动作之前） 　　Riding in the street during the rush hours, you must be careful.(分词动作和谓语动作同时发生) (2)、表示原因，分词短语可置于句首或句末，有时还可以置于主谓之间。 　　e.g. Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice. (3)、表示条件，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Given more time, I would be able to complete it. (4)、表示让步，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Having lived in Canada for three years, he still can`t speak English well. (5)、表结果，一般只放在句末。 　　e.g. I went home, finding the door locked (6)、表伴随状况，补充说明或方式，分词短语置于句首或句末均可。 　　e.g. He came running breathless and told me the results. 2） 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较 　　不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when， while， if， though， as if， unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如： 　　Working hard （If you work hard）， you will succeed. 　　如果你努力，你会成功的。 　　Defeated （= Though he was defeated）， he remained a popular boxer. 　　虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。 4. 分词的独立结构 1）分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如： 　　The project finished, they had a two weeks' leave. 　　完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。 　　He being absent, nothing could be done. 　　由于他缺席，什么事也没法干。 2） 独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without + 名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。例如： 　　They sat there silently,（with） their eyes fixed on the lake. 　　他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。 　　With him helping me, I felt lucky. 　　有他的帮助，我感到很幸运。 拓展1： 过去分词作表语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，常位于be动词或remain, sound, feel等系动词之后； “get+过去分词”结构也是被动语态。 例1：Though he was a new man, he got accustomed to the way of life here very soon. 例2： Tom sounds very interested in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it. be+动词的过去分词”，有时是系表结构，而不是被动语态，因为此时的过去分词已经形容词化了。常用于系表结构的过去分词有： astonished感到吃惊的 educated受过教育的 excited兴奋的 fallen落下的 frightened受惊的 gone过去的，消失的 interested感兴趣的 known著名的 learned有学问的 mistaken误解的，弄错的 retired退休的 returned已归来的 risen升起来的 upset心烦的 My watch is gone.我的手表不见了。 It’s not my fault.You are mistaken.这不是我的过错，你误会了。 拓展2： 部分动词常用于“be+过去分词+介词”结构，可以用作谓语、主语或状语 be absorbed in 被……吸引，专注于 be lost in 迷失在……中 be dressed in 穿着…… be caught/trapped/stuck in 被困在…… be occupied in 忙碌于…… be located/situated in 坐落在…… be equipped/furnished with 被配备…… be loaded/burdened with 担负着…… be faced with 面临着…… be accustomed/used to doing 习惯于做某事 be devoted/committed to doing 致力于做某事 be addicted to doing 对……上瘾 例：Absorbed in reading, Tom didn’t even notice his mom come in. 一、单句语法填空 1．You’d better get the car battery (charge) before it runs out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2． (face) with so many challenges, the team decided to change their strategy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The man (appoint) as the new manager will take office next Monday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4． (frighten) by the dog, the little girl cried loudly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Though time is limited, I think I’ll get the work (finish) on time.(所给词的适当形式填空) 6． (encourage) by his teacher, he worked harder than before. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．It was so cold that they kept the fire (burn) all night. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．With the manager (admit) his mistake, the whole team felt relieved and moved on. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．I could hear him constantly (complain) about the noisy environment next door. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10． (work) on the project for three days, the team finally found a solution. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．The heavy rain poured for three hours, (lead) to a serious flood in the low-lying areas. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．His design enables smoother movement through water, (reduce) impact on the delicate underwater ecosystems. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13． (work) on his homework since morning, Tom decided to watch a movie for a rest. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14． (not receive) a reply, he decided to send them another email. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．I felt someone (clap) me on the shoulder when I was waiting for the bus. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．People (throw) rubbish at will are a headache for the whole community. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．The boy ran away with his dog (follow) him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．Being careless with small things often causes mistakes, (result) in unnecessary trouble and regret. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．Those (devote) themselves to public welfare deserve our highest praise. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．Chinese people give high regard to calligraphy, an art form (originate) from the Shang Dynasty of ancient China. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 21．The careless driver was caught on camera __________ (闯红灯) at a busy intersection, causing a near-miss accident with a pedestrian who was crossing legally. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 22．Children love to see colorful ________ ________ (挂灯笼) everywhere. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 23．________________(晚上参观伦敦 ), we are a bit like in a dream. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 24．The valuable Chinese vase ________ (属于) my grandmother was broken by my little brother by accident. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 25．Exhausted from the day’s activities, he quickly fell asleep, _________ __________ (梦想着) coming adventures. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 26．I’m sorry to make you ________________ (让你等我这么长时间). （根据汉语提示完成句子） 27．There are some citizens ____________ (站在 ……前面) the painting. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 28．As we know, a lot of things ________________ (在过去被认为不可能的) are common today. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 29．The place _________ _____ (被……环绕/包围) plants is good for our health. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 30．He raised his voice to make ____________ (让人听到他说话). （根据汉语提示完成句子） 三、语篇填空（分词专练） 1 (see) from the top of the hill, our school looks beautiful. The students 2 (sit) under the tree are talking about their coming holiday.3 (inspire) by his teacher’s words, Tom makes up his mind to improve his weak subjects. He found his homework 4 (finish) before dinner yesterday.The game is very 5 (excite), so all the players feel 6 (encourage). I saw some boys 7 (play) basketball on the playground when I passed by.8 (walk) along the street, I noticed a broken bike 9 (lie) beside the road. 10 (tire) from daily study, I still stick to taking exercise every evening. 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The UK, which is also referred 1 as Britain or Great Britain, is a 2 (fascinate) country with a long history. It is made up of four countries — England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The four countries 3 (belong) to the UK use the same currency and military defence, but they also have some differences, such as different legal 4 (system) and national days. The UK was once taken over by four groups of people, who had 5 great influence on the culture of this country in many ways. For example, the Romans, 6 came in the first century, built many towns and roads all over the country. The Anglo-Saxons 7 (introduce) the beginnings of the English language. The Vikings left behind the names of many locations and the Normans had castles 8 (build) all around England. If you have known the history and geography of this country, you will not 9 (confuse) by what these different names mean. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much 10 (enjoyable). 二、阅读理解 I have always been indecisive and scared of wasting money. When it came to travel, this meant I was eager for someone to tell me where to go, what to see and what to eat. Before any holiday or day out, I’d already explored the area on Google Earth, watched videos on social media, and read online reviews. I knew exactly where I was going before I’d even left my house. Then it struck me that, in trying to plan the perfect day, I had forgotten what makes these experiences joyful: spontaneity (随性). Even on holiday, every day was planned in great detail — and it was ruining the fun of travelling. Without realising, I’d turned travelling into work. So, a year ago, I made a change. I banned myself from reading reviews and excessive planning for a trip to Barcelona. Instead, I chose an area I wanted to explore. Once I was there, that was it. I couldn’t rely on my phone, which meant no Google Maps, no Tripadvisor, and no TikTok. It wasn’t easy at first. I felt a bit lost without my phone while wandering through unknown neighbourhoods. But that’s exactly why it’s so fun. Going in unprepared opens you up to surprises. Without being glued to directions, I noticed more of my surroundings. I wandered into museums I’d never heard of and explored interesting side streets. Now, it’s the only way I’ll travel. Sometimes, I’ll find myself down a dead end, and sometimes the place I choose isn’t great. But for every miss, there are many more hits. The places I returned to were ones I’d found on my own. Travelling without planning has made me more comfortable with making decisions. Trying to have the perfect holiday is no longer the point; it’s about living in the present and making good memories. 11．What did the author do before traveling? A．Make simple plans and enjoy surprises. B．Rely on his phone during the whole trip. C．Gather detailed information online in advance. D．Ask friends where to go, what to see and what to eat. 12．What caused the author to make the change in his travel style? A．He found travelling physically tiring. B．He could no longer depend on his phone. C．He wanted to spend less money on travel. D．He realized planning reduced the fun of travel. 13．What kind of person is the author now? A．Shy and dependent. B．Strict and organized. C．Adventurous and open-minded. D．Careless and irresponsible. 14．What is the best title for the text? A．The Importance of Travel Planning B．An Unforgettable Trip to Barcelona C．How to Avoid Phone Use While Travelling D．From Overplanning to Enjoying Travelling 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $