衔接点10 动名词（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，通用版）英语初升高衔接

衔接点10 动名词 初中视角 高中展望 初中要求掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语。掌握一些动词跟动名词作为宾语的固定搭配。 高中考查更复杂的用法，以及在一些特殊结构、抽象概念表达中冠词的准确运用。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中动名词考点聚焦】 形式：动词不定式基本形式“doing”构成。 功能：掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语及固定搭配。 考点1 动名词结构 1．She writes slowly so she has trouble ________ notes in class. A．taken B．taking C．to take D．took 2．We suggest parents ________ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A．not to leave B．leaving C．not leaving D．to leave 3．Chang An wins high praise from the public, so I think the film is worth ________ once again. A．watch B．to watch C．watching D．being watched 4．Do you mind _________ the window? A．my closing B．my close C．my closed D．me close 5．I could get the meaning by________ the conversations in the movies. A．to listen to B．listen to C．listening to D．to listening to 考点2 动名词用法 6．________ English every morning is a good way to improve your pronunciation. A．Read B．Reads C．Reading D．To reading 7．We are considering ________ a trip to the mountains next month. A．taking B．to take C．take D．taken 8．He is very interested in ________ basketball with his friends after school. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 9．My hobby is ________ stamps. I have many stamps from different countries. A．collect B．collecting C．collected D．to collect 10．Cherry's favourite photo is the one of a girl________ an old woman across the street. A．leads B．led C．leading D．to lead 【高中动名词考点聚焦】 课标解读 动名词是非谓语动词，它由“动词原形+ing”构成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词的作用，有的则起形容 词或者副词的作用，所以在句子中可以做定语 动词-ing形式的时态和语态详见下表（以write为例）： 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing （动词原形+ing） being written （being+过去分词） 完成式 having written （having+过去分词） having been written （having been+过去分词） 考点清单 动名词（doing） 动名词属于非谓语动词，它具有名词和动词的特点，它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。此外，它也有时态和语态的变化，还有复合结构的用法。 ▇ 成分的充当 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 考点归纳一、动名词作主语典型用法 动名词作主语时，可以表示某种习惯，而并非具体的某一次动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（用Playing表示泛指） To play with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（可能只说明这一次是很危险的） 注意： 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较： 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较： Smoking is not good for health. （泛指，习惯性的） It is not good for you to smoke so much.（特指某一次） 要点精讲 1.动名词直接作主语，如：Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 2.It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，用于 It is no use/good complaining。抱怨无济于事。 It is no use crying over the split milk. 覆水难收。 还可以用在there be句型中，例如： There is no denying that coffee is not for everyone. 不容否认的是咖啡并不适合每个人。 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? ---________(lose) her new bicycle. 2. It’s no good _________( regret) your past mistakes. 3. __________________ (injure) in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual. 4.In ancient China, the currency consisted mainly of precious metals, such as gold, silver and copper, so ____________ (carry) a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way. 考点归纳二、动名词作宾语典型用法 (1).在以下动词后只能接动名词作宾语 建议冒险去献身，忍受期待抵逃跑；  suggest/advise/recommend,risk,devote oneself to,resist/tolerate,look forward to, deny,escape   放弃延期悔想像，坚持享受承实践；  quit/give up,delay,regret,imagine/fancy,keep,enjoy, admit ,practice  禁止原谅避卷入，考虑感激不自禁；  forbid/ban,excuse/pardon/forgive,avoid,involve,consider, appreciate, can’t help, can’t stand. 允许报告厌介意，承认回想含错过。  permit/allow, report, dislike, mind, acknowledge，recall，include，miss 如：I practise learning English every day. (2).作介词的宾语 通常放在 “动词+介词” 或 “形容词+介词”的动词短语或形容词短语后，常见短语有： look forward to（渴望，盼望） be proud of（以……自豪） be responsible for（对……负责） insist on（坚持） think of（考虑，想到） dream of（梦想） object to（反对，抗议） hear of（听说） prevent…from（防止，阻止） keep…from（防止，阻止） stop…from（防止，阻止） be engaged in（从事于） depend on（依靠，依赖） thank…for（因……而道谢） excuse…for（因……而道歉） aim at（目的在于） devote…to（献身于） set about（着手做） be/get used to（习惯于） be fond of（喜欢） be afraid of（害怕） be tired of（对……厌烦） succeed in（成功地做……） be interested in（对……感兴趣） 可省略介词接动名词的短语： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing There is no point/use (in) doing pend/waste time (in) doing. (3).作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 考点归纳三、动名词作表语典型用法 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Seeing is beliving. My hobby is swimming.=Swimming is my hobby. 考点归纳四、动名词作定语典型用法 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途或功能。 swimming pool=a pool for swimming=a pool which is used for swimming, reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading等 dining room餐厅 drinking water饮用水 reading room阅览室 sitting room起居室 sleeping car卧铺车厢 smoking room吸烟室 threshing ground打谷场 waiting room候车室 walking stick手杖 writing desk写字台 【扩展】 (1).只能接不定式作宾语的动词： happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定， determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。 口诀： 要想杜绝“忘记”， want, need, refuse, forget 决心努力学习。 decide, determine, try, manage, learn 希望主动帮助， hope , wish, expect, long, offer, help 答应开始担起。 agree promise, begin, start, afford (2).接动词-ing形式作动词的宾语 admit承认 allow允许 appreciate感谢，欣赏 avoid避免 consider考虑 delay耽误 deny否认 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 excuse原谅 forgive原谅 imagine想像 keep（on）继续 keep保持 mind介意 permit允许 practise练习 prevent阻挡，阻止 put off推迟 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 can’t help（doing sth.）情不自禁 She doesn’t allow smoking in the room.她不允许在这个房间吸烟。 You must try your best to avoid meeting him in that street.你必须尽量设法避免在那条街上遇见他。 When I heard his voice,I couldn’t help thinking of my father.当我听到他的声音时，我不禁想起了我的爸爸。 I’m considering making a trip to Japan.我正考虑去日本旅行。 She denied making a mistake.她否认犯了一个错误。 I enjoy reading newspapers while I’m having breakfast.我喜欢在吃早饭时看报纸。 He narrowly escaped being killed.他险些丧命。 I can’t imagine doing that with them.我不能想象和他们在一起做那件事。 Would you mind my/me smoking here?你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？ She practises playing the piano every day.她每天练习弹钢琴。 I suggested putting the meeting off.我建议会议延期。 He suggested my/me staying here.他建议我呆在这儿。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______(lose)the good opportunity. 2. Sometimes students postpone ___________(do) their homework until the last minute. 3. I don't appreciate _________________(treat) as a second-class citizen. 4. As a new driver, I have to practise _____________(park) the car in my small garage again and again. (3).接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等 stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做 forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过 remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过 regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做 go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事） mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做 (4).need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如： The flowers need watering/to be watered. The problem is worth discussing. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished. 2. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 3. Because of my illness, I can’t help _________ (do) housework. Seeing my mother taking good care of me, I can’t help ________ (cry). 4.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on_________ (thank) all the people who had helped in her career. 5. If you think that treating a woman well means always __________(get) her permission for things, think again. (4). 动词-ing形式作介词的宾语 add to加上 be afraid of...为……而害怕 be ashamed of...为……感到羞耻 be busy (in) doing (sth.)忙于做（某事） be engaged in从事于 be fond of喜欢 be good at...擅长于…… be interested in...对……感兴趣 be proud of...为……感到骄傲 be sentenced to被宣判 be sick of...对……感到恶心 be tried of...厌烦…… be/get used to习惯于 carry on继续，不断 come to谈到 contribute to贡献 depend on依靠 devote...to把……贡献给 dream of梦想 excuse...for为……而辩解 feel like愿意，想 give up放弃 hear of听说，知道 have trouble (in) doing...做……费力 insist on坚持 keep...from避免 keep on继续，重复（做某事） know of...对……了解 lead to导致 look forward to盼望 prevent...from避免…… save...from防止，避免 set about...动手去做…… stick to坚持 stop...from避免…… succeed in...在……方面成功 thank...for...为……而感谢…… think of想到 spend...(in) doing sth.花……做某事 On hearing the manager’s voice,he turned off the switch at once.他一听见经理的声音，立刻把开关关了。 Before leaving here please call me.离开这儿之前，请给我打电话。 Now they are busy (in) preparing their lessons.现在他们正忙于准备功课。 考点归纳五、时态和语态 （重点和难点） 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 1.被动式 (being done) 动名词的被动形式是being+过去分词，它表示的动作与它的逻辑主语形成被动关系。 如：He came to the party without being invited. However, there are people who don’t like being told what words they have to use. There was a report of the bridge being climbed by a group of tourists in 1998. 2.否定式 (not doing) 如：I regret not following his advice. Not using the right words when we speak may offend some people. Not climbing the Sydney Harbour Bridge would be a lifetime regret. My job is not managing the office. 1.动名词的完成式 (having done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，而且是主动关系。 如：We remembered having seen the film. 2.动名词的完成被动式 (having been done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，但是和主语之间不再是主动关系，而是被动关系。 如：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 考点归纳六、动名词的复合结构 带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=What’s troubling them is that they don’t haveenough food.) e.g. His not knowing the foreign culture makes him embarrased. His coming makes me happy. I like her singing. ( ).The discovery of new evidence led to _________. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 一、单句语法填空 1．I couldn’t help (strike) by the beauty of the painting the moment I laid eyes on it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2． (admit) his mistake bravely won him respect from his teachers and classmates. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．She was scared of (walk) home alone in the fog,so she called a taxi. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．She admitted (take) my umbrella by mistake. （所给词的适当形式填空） 5．The nurse applied pressure to his arm to stop (bleed). (所给词的适当形式填空) 6． (tend) to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．Instead, she recommends (apply) a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility”, ... (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．Therefore, they do not feel the satisfaction of being academically . (challenge) (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．Nowadays many school children devote too much time to (play) computer games. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．He devoted his life to (possess) knowledge rather than material possessions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11． (maintain) a positive attitude helps solve problems easily. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．She spent hours (contrast) the two job offers to choose the most suitable one. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．Upon (hear) the exciting news, the whole class burst into cheers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．On (invite) to the conference, the scholar prepared a detailed report carefully. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．He devotes most of his spare time to (learn) traditional Chinese painting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．Most teenagers enjoy (share) their daily lives with friends on social media platforms. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．After hours of discussion, the team finally succeeded in (solve) the difficult problem. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．You should avoid (damage) the plumbing system when renovating the house. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．It’s a waste of time (argue) with someone who never listens to reason. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．We all look forward to (observe) dragonflies to take inspiration for drone design. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 21．________ (听音乐) before bed can help calm your mind and improve sleep quality. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 22．________ (看电影) at home on a rainy day is a cozy and relaxing activity. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 23．The two leaders agreed on the importance of ________________ (保持沟通) at all levels. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 24．________ (他的到来) made me happy. 25．By ________ (积极看待) myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 26．It is no use ______ ______ (抱怨) the exam results; what matters is how you prepare for the next one. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 27．In order to keep healthy, I’m thinking of _______ (报名参加) a yoga course. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 28．To avoid ________________ (被理解为) being rude, he apologized immediately for his abrupt words. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 29．The students are willing to ________________ (加入我们组织) the activity. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 30．____________________ (每天锻炼) is beneficial to our health. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 三、语篇填空（动名词专练） 1 (develop) good learning habits plays a key role in senior high life. I enjoy 2 (read) English articles and news every morning.I am used to 3 (take) detailed notes in class. It’s worth 4 (do) so, for it helps me review lessons easily. I avoid 5 (stay) up late to waste spare time.My biggest hobby is 6 (run) after school. Besides, I can’t stand 7 (waste) study time on meaningless games. I look forward to 8 (join) the school English club soon.Thank you for 9 (encourage) me when I fall behind. I keep 10 (work) hard to achieve my small goals step by step. 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tim and I talked a lot about his problems today, and I’m so glad that I could help my best friend. It also left me 1 (think) about what it really means to be a “good friend”. In my opinion, the following 2 (quality) form the basis of a friendship. A good friend needs to be 3 (support). I can see that Tim is having trouble 4 (balance) his project and his schoolwork, and I can see that both are important to him. I must respect and support the choices he makes. I should also encourage him 5 (take) action to get over these difficulties. A good friend also needs to be selfless. Tim is someone whom I should try my best to help. When he’s struggling 6 his schoolwork, I should do all I can to help him become a 7 (efficient) learner. It’ll take up some of my spare time, 8 this friendship is worth my extra time and effort. I’m sure that Tim would do the same for me. To me, a good friend brings out the best in a person. And I think Tim is the one 9 brings out the best in me. Through 10 (we) conversation today, I know that our friendship will grow stronger than ever. 二、阅读理解 In 2013, I realised that I needed a break from the office work, so I set out travelling. But I had no idea how much the decision would change me for the rest of my life! Before travelling, I was always worried about what other people think of me. How I looked and dressed was really important to me. I was always worried about putting on weight, getting darker, wondering if I was good-looking enough to socialise and be one of the people I used to hang out with. It doesn’t matter now. I’m more confident with my colour, my weight, and how I dress. I used to compete a lot even when I was still a kid. I always wanted to impress people with how smart I was, how I could handle any task... But now, why should I feel like I need to compete? I only need to impress myself. My life is already complete; I just have to make sure that whatever I do will be positive (积极的) and make me a better person. I was a 24­year­old Filipina with a successful career (事业) and had all of the things I could buy. But when I started travelling, I was no one. I have to learn a lot of things when travelling and I love it! I thought the only skills I needed to improve were Microsoft Office and networking. Well I can now proudly say that I know how to fix beds in a hotel style, how to cook breakfast for a lot of guests, and how to work in a restaurant! Besides the skills I’ve learned volunteering, I have completed several certifications (资格证) to start making money to support my new lifestyle. I am now a yoga teacher, an Ayurveda massage therapist (按摩师) and an English teacher. Now, with the new skills and certifications, I can work wherever I want! 11．Why did the author start travelling? A．To escape from her then­job. B．To make herself a better person. C．To look for an interesting lifestyle. D．To experience different kinds of jobs. 12．How did travelling change the author’s life? A．It improved her socialising skills. B．It made her more impressive to people. C．It changed the way she saw herself. D．It helped her realize the true meaning of life. 13．What does the author think of learning new things while travelling? A．Difficult and Troublesome. B．Necessary and Enjoyable. C．Helpful but time-wasting. D．Tiring but meaningful. 14．How is the text mainly organized? A．By time. B．By space. C．By comparisons. D．By examples. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点10 动名词 初中视角 高中展望 初中要求掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语。掌握一些动词跟动名词作为宾语的固定搭配。 高中考查更复杂的用法，以及在一些特殊结构、抽象概念表达中冠词的准确运用。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中动名词考点聚焦】 形式：动词不定式基本形式“doing”构成。 功能：掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语及固定搭配。 考点1 动名词结构 1．She writes slowly so she has trouble ________ notes in class. A．taken B．taking C．to take D．took 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她写得很慢，所以上课记笔记有困难。 考查非谓语动词。have trouble doing sth. “做某事有困难”，可知填动名词。故选B。 2．We suggest parents ________ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A．not to leave B．leaving C．not leaving D．to leave 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了让孩子们远离危险，我们建议父母们不要留孩子们独自在家。 考查非谓语动词。suggest后应跟动名词形式，根据“in order to keep them away from danger”可知，此处是建议父母不要让孩子自己待在家中，应用动名词的否定式。故选C。 3．Chang An wins high praise from the public, so I think the film is worth ________ once again. A．watch B．to watch C．watching D．being watched 【答案】C 【详解】句意：《长安三万里》赢得了公众的高度赞扬。我认为这部电影值得再看一次。 考查非谓语动词。此处是固定短语be worth doing“值得做某事”，空处用动名词形式，用主动表被动。故选C。 4．Do you mind _________ the window? A．my closing B．my close C．my closed D．me close 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你介意我打开窗户吗？ 考查非谓语动词。mind one’s doing sth.“介意某人做某事”，固定短语，故选A。 5．I could get the meaning by________ the conversations in the movies. A．to listen to B．listen to C．listening to D．to listening to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我可以通过听电影中的对话来理解意思。 考查动名词作介词宾语。by后接动名词形式，表示通过某种方式或手段，故需listening to“听”，故选C。 考点2 动名词用法 6．________ English every morning is a good way to improve your pronunciation. A．Read B．Reads C．Reading D．To reading 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每天早上读英语是提高你发音的一个好方法。 考查非谓语动词。根据“…English every morning is a good way to improve your pronunciation.”可知，此处是动名词作主语，表示经常性的动作，因此用“Reading”。故选C。 7．We are considering ________ a trip to the mountains next month. A．taking B．to take C．take D．taken 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们正在考虑下个月去山里旅行。 根据固定搭配“consider doing sth.（考虑做某事）”可知，此处应该使用动名词形式作宾语，应填taking。 8．He is very interested in ________ basketball with his friends after school. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他对放学后和朋友打篮球很感兴趣。 考查非谓语动词。固定短语“be interested in doing sth.”表示“对做某事感兴趣”，其中介词in后应接动名词作宾语。故选C。 9．My hobby is ________ stamps. I have many stamps from different countries. A．collect B．collecting C．collected D．to collect 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的爱好是收集邮票。我有很多不同国家的邮票。 考查动名词用法。句子有系动词is，此空为表语，此处指爱好或习惯动词，用动名词作表语合适。故选B。 10．Cherry's favourite photo is the one of a girl________ an old woman across the street. A．leads B．led C．leading D．to lead 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Cherry最喜欢的图片是那个带领一个老人穿过马路的一个女孩。这里是现在分词做后置定语，修饰a girl，这里是说动作正在进行。指正在带领那位老太太穿过马路的女孩。根据题意，故选C。 【高中动名词考点聚焦】 课标解读 动名词是非谓语动词，它由“动词原形+ing”构成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词的作用，有的则起形容 词或者副词的作用，所以在句子中可以做定语 动词-ing形式的时态和语态详见下表（以write为例）： 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing （动词原形+ing） being written （being+过去分词） 完成式 having written （having+过去分词） having been written （having been+过去分词） 考点清单 动名词（doing） 动名词属于非谓语动词，它具有名词和动词的特点，它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。此外，它也有时态和语态的变化，还有复合结构的用法。 ▇ 成分的充当 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 考点归纳一、动名词作主语典型用法 动名词作主语时，可以表示某种习惯，而并非具体的某一次动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（用Playing表示泛指） To play with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（可能只说明这一次是很危险的） 注意： 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较： 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较： Smoking is not good for health. （泛指，习惯性的） It is not good for you to smoke so much.（特指某一次） 要点精讲 1.动名词直接作主语，如：Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 2.It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，用于 It is no use/good complaining。抱怨无济于事。 It is no use crying over the split milk. 覆水难收。 还可以用在there be句型中，例如： There is no denying that coffee is not for everyone. 不容否认的是咖啡并不适合每个人。 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? ---________(lose) her new bicycle. 2. It’s no good _________( regret) your past mistakes. 3. __________________ (injure) in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual. 4.In ancient China, the currency consisted mainly of precious metals, such as gold, silver and copper, so ____________ (carry) a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way. 【答案与解析】 1. losing。这是一个一问一答对话，第二句承前省略了made Mary so upset，应用动名词短语作主语。故填losing。 2. regretting。It is no use/good doing sth。是固定句型，动名词是真正主语。故答案是regretting。 3. Being injured。首先语境需要动名词短语作主语；be injured in…是固定词组。故答案是Being injured。 4. carrying。句意：在中国古代，货币主要由金、银、铜等贵金属组成，因此携带大量现金不仅是一种沉重的负担，而且还会使所有者处于危险之中，因为途中经常发生抢劫。分析句子结合句意可知，此处缺少主语，主语为“携带大量现金”，应用动名词作主语，故填carrying。 考点归纳二、动名词作宾语典型用法 (1).在以下动词后只能接动名词作宾语 建议冒险去献身，忍受期待抵逃跑；  suggest/advise/recommend,risk,devote oneself to,resist/tolerate,look forward to, deny,escape   放弃延期悔想像，坚持享受承实践；  quit/give up,delay,regret,imagine/fancy,keep,enjoy, admit ,practice  禁止原谅避卷入，考虑感激不自禁；  forbid/ban,excuse/pardon/forgive,avoid,involve,consider, appreciate, can’t help, can’t stand. 允许报告厌介意，承认回想含错过。  permit/allow, report, dislike, mind, acknowledge，recall，include，miss 如：I practise learning English every day. (2).作介词的宾语 通常放在 “动词+介词” 或 “形容词+介词”的动词短语或形容词短语后，常见短语有： look forward to（渴望，盼望） be proud of（以……自豪） be responsible for（对……负责） insist on（坚持） think of（考虑，想到） dream of（梦想） object to（反对，抗议） hear of（听说） prevent…from（防止，阻止） keep…from（防止，阻止） stop…from（防止，阻止） be engaged in（从事于） depend on（依靠，依赖） thank…for（因……而道谢） excuse…for（因……而道歉） aim at（目的在于） devote…to（献身于） set about（着手做） be/get used to（习惯于） be fond of（喜欢） be afraid of（害怕） be tired of（对……厌烦） succeed in（成功地做……） be interested in（对……感兴趣） 可省略介词接动名词的短语： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing There is no point/use (in) doing pend/waste time (in) doing. (3).作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 考点归纳三、动名词作表语典型用法 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Seeing is beliving. My hobby is swimming.=Swimming is my hobby. 考点归纳四、动名词作定语典型用法 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途或功能。 swimming pool=a pool for swimming=a pool which is used for swimming, reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading等 dining room餐厅 drinking water饮用水 reading room阅览室 sitting room起居室 sleeping car卧铺车厢 smoking room吸烟室 threshing ground打谷场 waiting room候车室 walking stick手杖 writing desk写字台 【扩展】 (1).只能接不定式作宾语的动词： happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定， determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。 口诀： 要想杜绝“忘记”， want, need, refuse, forget 决心努力学习。 decide, determine, try, manage, learn 希望主动帮助， hope , wish, expect, long, offer, help 答应开始担起。 agree promise, begin, start, afford (2).接动词-ing形式作动词的宾语 admit承认 allow允许 appreciate感谢，欣赏 avoid避免 consider考虑 delay耽误 deny否认 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 excuse原谅 forgive原谅 imagine想像 keep（on）继续 keep保持 mind介意 permit允许 practise练习 prevent阻挡，阻止 put off推迟 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 can’t help（doing sth.）情不自禁 She doesn’t allow smoking in the room.她不允许在这个房间吸烟。 You must try your best to avoid meeting him in that street.你必须尽量设法避免在那条街上遇见他。 When I heard his voice,I couldn’t help thinking of my father.当我听到他的声音时，我不禁想起了我的爸爸。 I’m considering making a trip to Japan.我正考虑去日本旅行。 She denied making a mistake.她否认犯了一个错误。 I enjoy reading newspapers while I’m having breakfast.我喜欢在吃早饭时看报纸。 He narrowly escaped being killed.他险些丧命。 I can’t imagine doing that with them.我不能想象和他们在一起做那件事。 Would you mind my/me smoking here?你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？ She practises playing the piano every day.她每天练习弹钢琴。 I suggested putting the meeting off.我建议会议延期。 He suggested my/me staying here.他建议我呆在这儿。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______(lose)the good opportunity. 2. Sometimes students postpone ___________(do) their homework until the last minute. 3. I don't appreciate _________________(treat) as a second-class citizen. 4. As a new driver, I have to practise _____________(park) the car in my small garage again and again. 【答案与解析】 1. losing。risk doing表示“冒险做某事”。故答案是losing。 2. doing。postpone doing表示“推迟做某事”。故答案是doing。 3. being treated。考查非谓语动词。appreciate doing…表示“感激做某事”，根据语境这里还是被动意义。故答案是being treated。 4. parking。practice doing sth.表示“练习/实践做某事”。句意：作为一名新司机，我得反复练习把车停在我家的小车库里。故填parking。 (3).接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等 stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做 forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过 remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过 regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做 go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事） mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做 (4).need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如： The flowers need watering/to be watered. The problem is worth discussing. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished. 2. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 3. Because of my illness, I can’t help _________ (do) housework. Seeing my mother taking good care of me, I can’t help ________ (cry). 4.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on_________ (thank) all the people who had helped in her career. 5. If you think that treating a woman well means always __________(get) her permission for things, think again. 【答案与解析】 1. to stop。 try to do 努力做某事；try doing 尝试做某事。句意：“不是那样做的，”妈妈试图阻止我但是没有拦住。她说对了。结果这道菜不是我原希望的那个样子。故答案是to stop。 2. to lock。remember to do表示“记住去做某事”，和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是to lock。故答案是to lock。 3. (to) do; crying。can’t help (to) do表示“不能帮助做某事”；can’t help doing表示“禁不住做某事”。故答案是(to) do; crying。 4. to thank。继续做另一件事 （对象变了）；go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变）。根据语境，Anne Benedict先接受奖项，接着感谢那些帮助过自己的人们，应用go on to do。故答案是to thank。 5. getting。mean to do表示“打算做某事”，mean doing sth.表示“意味着”；结合句意“如果你认为对一个妇女好就意味着得到她的允许去拿东西，再想一想”，答案是getting。 (4). 动词-ing形式作介词的宾语 add to加上 be afraid of...为……而害怕 be ashamed of...为……感到羞耻 be busy (in) doing (sth.)忙于做（某事） be engaged in从事于 be fond of喜欢 be good at...擅长于…… be interested in...对……感兴趣 be proud of...为……感到骄傲 be sentenced to被宣判 be sick of...对……感到恶心 be tried of...厌烦…… be/get used to习惯于 carry on继续，不断 come to谈到 contribute to贡献 depend on依靠 devote...to把……贡献给 dream of梦想 excuse...for为……而辩解 feel like愿意，想 give up放弃 hear of听说，知道 have trouble (in) doing...做……费力 insist on坚持 keep...from避免 keep on继续，重复（做某事） know of...对……了解 lead to导致 look forward to盼望 prevent...from避免…… save...from防止，避免 set about...动手去做…… stick to坚持 stop...from避免…… succeed in...在……方面成功 thank...for...为……而感谢…… think of想到 spend...(in) doing sth.花……做某事 On hearing the manager’s voice,he turned off the switch at once.他一听见经理的声音，立刻把开关关了。 Before leaving here please call me.离开这儿之前，请给我打电话。 Now they are busy (in) preparing their lessons.现在他们正忙于准备功课。 考点归纳五、时态和语态 （重点和难点） 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 1.被动式 (being done) 动名词的被动形式是being+过去分词，它表示的动作与它的逻辑主语形成被动关系。 如：He came to the party without being invited. However, there are people who don’t like being told what words they have to use. There was a report of the bridge being climbed by a group of tourists in 1998. 2.否定式 (not doing) 如：I regret not following his advice. Not using the right words when we speak may offend some people. Not climbing the Sydney Harbour Bridge would be a lifetime regret. My job is not managing the office. 1.动名词的完成式 (having done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，而且是主动关系。 如：We remembered having seen the film. 2.动名词的完成被动式 (having been done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，但是和主语之间不再是主动关系，而是被动关系。 如：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 考点归纳六、动名词的复合结构 带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=What’s troubling them is that they don’t haveenough food.) e.g. His not knowing the foreign culture makes him embarrased. His coming makes me happy. I like her singing. ( ).The discovery of new evidence led to _________. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 【解析】lead to这个词组中to是介词，后面跟名词，于是B被排除，the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有：(get) be used to, look forward to，look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。C项正确 一、单句语法填空 1．I couldn’t help (strike) by the beauty of the painting the moment I laid eyes on it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being struck 【详解】句意：我一看到那幅画，就忍不住被它的美所打动。固定搭配couldn’t help doing  sth.“忍不住做某事”，且I与strike为被动关系，用动名词的被动语态being struck，作宾语。 2． (admit) his mistake bravely won him respect from his teachers and classmates. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Admitting 【详解】句意：他勇于承认自己的错误，这使他赢得了老师和同学们的尊重。空格处作主语，应该用动名词形式admitting，位于句首，首字母应该大写。 3．She was scared of (walk) home alone in the fog,so she called a taxi. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】walking 【详解】句意：她害怕在雾中独自走回家，所以她叫了一辆出租车。本空作介词of的宾语，用动名词walking。 4．She admitted (take) my umbrella by mistake. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】taking 【详解】句意：她承认误拿了我的雨伞。固定搭配admit doing sth，意为“承认做了某事”。take的动名词形式为taking。 5．The nurse applied pressure to his arm to stop (bleed). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】bleeding 【详解】句意：护士按压他的手臂以止血。此处考查固定搭配stop doing sth.或 stop+名词，bleed为动词，意为“流血”，其名词形式为bleeding。此处stop后接名词bleeding作宾语，或接动名词bleeding，表示“阻止出血；止血”。 6． (tend) to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Tending 【详解】句意：照料植物是一种锻炼耐心和学习的活动。此处作主语，表示经常性、习惯性的动作，应用tend“照料”的动名词形式tending，位于句首，首字母大写。 7．Instead, she recommends (apply) a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility”, ... (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】applying 【详解】句意：相反，她建议应用营养专家中一个著名的概念，叫做“责任划分”……动词短语recommend doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“建议做某事” ，用apply“应用”的动名词形式作宾语。 8．Therefore, they do not feel the satisfaction of being academically . (challenge) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】challenged 【详解】句意：因此，他们感受不到在学业上受到挑战的满足感。of为介词，后面接动名词作宾语，they和challenge为被动关系，需用动名词的被动语态作宾语，空处需填过去分词challenged。 9．Nowadays many school children devote too much time to (play) computer games. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：现在许多学生投入太多的时间玩电脑游戏。devote sth. to doing sth.为固定搭配，to为介词，空处缺少宾语，play为动词，此处应该改为对应的动名词形式playing。 10．He devoted his life to (possess) knowledge rather than material possessions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】possessing 【详解】句意：他一生致力于获取知识而非物质财富。devote...to...中to是介词，其后接动名词possessing作宾语。 11． (maintain) a positive attitude helps solve problems easily. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Maintaining 【详解】句意：保持积极的态度有助于轻松地解决问题。作主语用动名词形式，首字母大写。 12．She spent hours (contrast) the two job offers to choose the most suitable one. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】contrasting 【详解】句意：她花数小时对比两份工作邀约，选出最合适的那一份。spend time (in) doing sth.“花时间做某事”是固定搭配，contrast用动名词形式作宾语。 13．Upon (hear) the exciting news, the whole class burst into cheers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】hearing 【详解】句意：一听到这个令人兴奋的消息，全班同学都欢呼起来。upon/on doing sth为固定搭配，意为“一……就……”动名词作宾语。 14．On (invite) to the conference, the scholar prepared a detailed report carefully. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being invited 【详解】句意：这位学者一受邀参加会议，便精心准备了一份详尽的报告。on doing sth.“一……”是固定搭配，动名词作宾语，且逻辑主语the scholar和invite是被动关系，故应用动名词的被动式being done。 15．He devotes most of his spare time to (learn) traditional Chinese painting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】learning 【详解】句意：他把大部分业余时间都用来学习中国传统绘画。devote...to...为固定搭配，意为“把……奉献给……”，其中to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。 16．Most teenagers enjoy (share) their daily lives with friends on social media platforms. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】sharing 【详解】句意：大多数青少年喜欢在社交媒体平台上和朋友们分享他们的日常生活。enjoy doing sth.是固定用法，表示“喜欢做某事”，要将share变成sharing。 17．After hours of discussion, the team finally succeeded in (solve) the difficult problem. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】solving 【详解】句意：经过几个小时的讨论，团队终于成功解决了这个难题。“succeed in doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“成功做某事”，其中“in”为介词，后接动名词作宾语。 18．You should avoid (damage) the plumbing system when renovating the house. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】damaging 【详解】句意：在对房屋进行装修时，您应避免损坏管道系统。短语avoid doing sth.表示“避免做某事”。 19．It’s a waste of time (argue) with someone who never listens to reason. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】arguing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：和一个从不听从道理的人争论纯粹是浪费时间。固定句型 It’s a waste of time doing sth表示“做某事是浪费时间”，it为形式主语，动名词arguing作真正主语。 20．We all look forward to (observe) dragonflies to take inspiration for drone design. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】observing 【详解】句意：我们都期待观察蜻蜓，为无人机设计汲取灵感。look forward to doing sth.是固定结构，表示“期待做某事”，要将observe变成observing。 二、完成句子 21．________ (听音乐) before bed can help calm your mind and improve sleep quality. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Listening to music 【详解】句意：睡前听音乐有助于平静思绪、改善睡眠质量。根据汉语提示“听音乐”可知，空处应用固定短语listen to music；分析句子结构，空格处需填入动名词短语作主语，listen用动名词形式Listening，句首单词首字母需大写。 22．________ (看电影) at home on a rainy day is a cozy and relaxing activity. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Watching movies 【详解】句意：下雨天在家看电影是一项惬意又放松的活动。根据汉语提示“看电影”可知，空处应用动词短语watch movies，此处短语在句中作主语，此处描述经常性动作，所以需使用动名词短语watching movies，位于句首单词首字母大写。 23．The two leaders agreed on the importance of ________________ (保持沟通) at all levels. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】keeping communication 【详解】句意：两位领导人就各级保持沟通的重要性达成共识。根据汉语提示，此处表示“保持沟通”为动词短语keep communication，介词of后接动名词形式作宾语。 24．________ (他的到来) made me happy. 【答案】His coming/That he came 【详解】句意：他的到来使我开心。 根据汉语提示可知，设空处应用名词性成分作主语；表示“他的”用形容词性物主代词 His；表示“到来”用动词 come；表示“他的到来”可用固定短语His coming（动名词的复合结构，由“形容词性物主代词+动名词”构成）或主语从句作主语That he came，句首单词首字母需大写。 25．By ________ (积极看待) myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】being positive about 【详解】句意：通过积极看待自己和自己的身体，我变得既更快乐也更健康。be positive about“积极看待”是固定搭配，介词by后be用动名词形式being。 26．It is no use ______ ______ (抱怨) the exam results; what matters is how you prepare for the next one. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 complaining about 【详解】句意：抱怨考试结果是没有用的，重要的是你如何为下一次考试做准备。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填“抱怨”，英文表达为complain about；it is no use doing sth.为固定句型，表示“做某事是没有用的”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为动名词短语，所以此处应用complain的动名词形式complaining。 27．In order to keep healthy, I’m thinking of _______ (报名参加) a yoga course. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】signing up for 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：为了保持健康，我正在考虑报名参加一个瑜伽课程。表示“报名参加”用动词短语sign up for，用动名词形式，作介词宾语。故填signing up for。 28．To avoid ________________ (被理解为) being rude, he apologized immediately for his abrupt words. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】being interpreted as 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免被理解为粗鲁，他立即为自己突兀的话道歉。avoid doing sth.为固定短语，设空处应用动名词；“被理解为”表达为动词短语be interpreted as...。interpret和主语he之间为被动关系，需用动名词的被动式形式作宾语。故填being interpreted as。 29．The students are willing to ________________ (加入我们组织) the activity. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】join us in organizing 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：学生们愿意和我们一起组织这次活动。“加入某人做某事”用动词短语join sb. in doing sth.，“我们”用代词us，“组织”用动词organize，且句中用be willing to do表示“愿意做某事”，join应用原形。故填join us in organizing。 30．____________________ (每天锻炼) is beneficial to our health. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Doing exercise every day 【详解】考查动名词短语。句意：每天进行锻炼对我们的健康有益。根据汉语提示可知，此处为动名词短语Doing exercise every day“每天锻炼”作主语。故填Doing exercise every day。 三、语篇填空（动名词专练） 1 (develop) good learning habits plays a key role in senior high life. I enjoy 2 (read) English articles and news every morning.I am used to 3 (take) detailed notes in class. It’s worth 4 (do) so, for it helps me review lessons easily. I avoid 5 (stay) up late to waste spare time.My biggest hobby is 6 (run) after school. Besides, I can’t stand 7 (waste) study time on meaningless games. I look forward to 8 (join) the school English club soon.Thank you for 9 (encourage) me when I fall behind. I keep 10 (work) hard to achieve my small goals step by step. 【导读】本文围绕一名高一学生的学习与课余生活展开，全面考查动名词作主语、表语、动词宾语、介词宾语以及高一高频固定搭配。 1. Developing原句译文：养成良好的学习习惯在高中生活中起到至关重要的作用。解析：动名词置于句首作句子主语，泛指 “养成好习惯” 这件事，动词原形不能充当主语，因此 develop 变为动名词 Developing。 2. reading原句译文：我喜欢每天早晨阅读英语短文和新闻。解析：固定搭配 enjoy doing sth.（喜欢做某事），enjoy 后只能接动名词作宾语，故填 reading。 3. taking原句译文：我习惯在课堂上做好详尽的笔记。解析：be used to doing sth. 表示 “习惯于做某事”，短语中 to 是介词，介词后需用动名词，take 变形为 taking。 4. doing原句译文：这样做是值得的，因为它方便我复习功课。解析：固定结构 be worth doing sth.（值得做某事），worth 后接动名词，主动形式表被动含义，填 doing。 5. staying原句译文：我避免熬夜虚度空闲时间。解析：avoid doing sth.（避免做某事），avoid 后接动名词作宾语，所以填 staying。 6. running原句译文：我最大的爱好是放学后跑步。解析：动名词放在系动词 is 后面作表语，用来具体说明主语 hobby 的内容，填 running。 7. wasting原句译文：除此之外，我无法忍受把学习时间浪费在无意义的游戏上。解析：固定搭配 can’t stand doing sth.（无法忍受做某事），stand 此处表 “忍受”，后接动名词作宾语，填 wasting。 8. joining原句译文：我期盼不久后加入学校英语社团。解析：look forward to doing sth.（期待做某事），词组里 to 为介词，后面搭配动名词，join 变为 joining。 9. encouraging原句译文：在我成绩落后时，谢谢你鼓励我。解析：介词 for 后需要接名词或动名词，thank sb. for doing sth.（因做某事感谢某人），故填 encouraging。 10. working原句译文：我坚持努力奋斗，一步步实现自己的小目标。解析：固定搭配 keep doing sth.（坚持、持续做某事），keep 后接动名词作宾语，填 working。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tim and I talked a lot about his problems today, and I’m so glad that I could help my best friend. It also left me 1 (think) about what it really means to be a “good friend”. In my opinion, the following 2 (quality) form the basis of a friendship. A good friend needs to be 3 (support). I can see that Tim is having trouble 4 (balance) his project and his schoolwork, and I can see that both are important to him. I must respect and support the choices he makes. I should also encourage him 5 (take) action to get over these difficulties. A good friend also needs to be selfless. Tim is someone whom I should try my best to help. When he’s struggling 6 his schoolwork, I should do all I can to help him become a 7 (efficient) learner. It’ll take up some of my spare time, 8 this friendship is worth my extra time and effort. I’m sure that Tim would do the same for me. To me, a good friend brings out the best in a person. And I think Tim is the one 9 brings out the best in me. Through 10 (we) conversation today, I know that our friendship will grow stronger than ever. 【答案】 1．thinking 2．qualities 3．supportive 4．balancing 5．to take 6．with 7．more efficient 8．but 9．who/that 10．our 【导语】作者通过与好友Tim的交流，思考了成为一名“好朋友”的含义，阐述了构成友谊基础的品质，并表达了对二人友谊的珍视。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这也让我思考，成为一名“好朋友”究竟意味着什么。leave sb. doing sth.表示“让某人一直做某事”，此处用think的现在分词作宾语补足语。 2．考查名词复数。句意：在我看来，以下这些品质构成了友谊的基础。quality意为“品质”是可数名词，且根据动词“form”可知，主语应用复数形式qualities。 3．考查形容词。句意：一个好朋友应当给予支持。作表语，用形容词supportive。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：我能看出蒂姆在兼顾项目工作和学业方面遇到了困难，而且我也明白这两方面对他来说都非常重要。have trouble (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：我还应该鼓励他采取行动来克服这些困难。短语encourage sb. to do sth.表示“鼓励某人做某事”。 6．考查介词。句意：当他学习遇到困难时，我应该尽我所能帮助他提高学习效率。短语struggle with表示“挣扎”。 7．考查比较级。句意：当他学习遇到困难时，我应该尽我所能帮助他提高学习效率。此处为比较关系，用比较级，在前面加more，构成more efficient。 8．考查连词。句意：这会占用我一些空闲时间，但这份友谊值得我付出额外的时间和精力。前句“这会占用我的业余时间”与后句“这份友谊值得额外的时间和努力”之间是转折关系，应用连词but。 9．考查定语从句。句意：而我认为蒂姆正是那个能让我展现出最佳状态的人。定语从句修饰先行词one，在从句作主语，指人，故用who或that。 10．考查代词。句意：通过我们今天的交谈，我深知我们的友谊将会比以往任何时候都更加深厚。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词our。 二、阅读理解 In 2013, I realised that I needed a break from the office work, so I set out travelling. But I had no idea how much the decision would change me for the rest of my life! Before travelling, I was always worried about what other people think of me. How I looked and dressed was really important to me. I was always worried about putting on weight, getting darker, wondering if I was good-looking enough to socialise and be one of the people I used to hang out with. It doesn’t matter now. I’m more confident with my colour, my weight, and how I dress. I used to compete a lot even when I was still a kid. I always wanted to impress people with how smart I was, how I could handle any task... But now, why should I feel like I need to compete? I only need to impress myself. My life is already complete; I just have to make sure that whatever I do will be positive (积极的) and make me a better person. I was a 24­year­old Filipina with a successful career (事业) and had all of the things I could buy. But when I started travelling, I was no one. I have to learn a lot of things when travelling and I love it! I thought the only skills I needed to improve were Microsoft Office and networking. Well I can now proudly say that I know how to fix beds in a hotel style, how to cook breakfast for a lot of guests, and how to work in a restaurant! Besides the skills I’ve learned volunteering, I have completed several certifications (资格证) to start making money to support my new lifestyle. I am now a yoga teacher, an Ayurveda massage therapist (按摩师) and an English teacher. Now, with the new skills and certifications, I can work wherever I want! 11．Why did the author start travelling? A．To escape from her then­job. B．To make herself a better person. C．To look for an interesting lifestyle. D．To experience different kinds of jobs. 12．How did travelling change the author’s life? A．It improved her socialising skills. B．It made her more impressive to people. C．It changed the way she saw herself. D．It helped her realize the true meaning of life. 13．What does the author think of learning new things while travelling? A．Difficult and Troublesome. B．Necessary and Enjoyable. C．Helpful but time-wasting. D．Tiring but meaningful. 14．How is the text mainly organized? A．By time. B．By space. C．By comparisons. D．By examples. 【答案】11．A 12．C 13．B 14．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者因想要摆脱办公室工作而开始旅行，旅行过程中自我认知、生活态度与技能都发生巨大改变的个人经历。 【详解】11．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 2013, I realised that I needed a break from the office work, so I set out travelling. (2013年，我意识到我需要从办公室工作中抽身休息一下，于是我开始旅行。)”可知，作者开始旅行是为了摆脱当时的工作。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Before travelling, I was always worried about what other people think of me.”和“It doesn’t matter now. I’m more confident with my colour, my weight, and how I dress. (旅行前，我总是在意别人怎么看我。现在这些都不重要了，我对自己的肤色、体重和穿着更加自信。)”可知，旅行改变了作者看待自己的方式。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段“I have to learn a lot of things when travelling and I love it! (旅行时我必须学习很多东西，而且我很喜欢这样做！)”可知，作者认为在旅行中学习新事物是必要且令人愉快的。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段“Before travelling, I was always worried about what other people think of me. (旅行前，我总是在意别人对我的看法。)”和第三段“I used to compete a lot even when I was still a kid. (我小时候就经常和别人攀比。)”以及后文旅行后的心态变化，全文通过旅行前与旅行后的对比展开叙述，可知文章主要通过对比组织内容。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $