衔接点09 不定式（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，通用版）英语初升高衔接

衔接点09 不定式 初中视角 高中展望 初中要求掌握不定式的定义、形式和不定式基本用法。形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。 高中阶段，不定式在句中可作的各种成分；不定式省去to的情况；不定式的时态和语态。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中不定式考点聚焦】 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。有时可以省略to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。help sb.(to) do sth. make sb. do sth. 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。 宾语 —What sports does he like to play?他喜欢什么动？ —He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因） I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 考点1 动词不定式形式 1．In order to ________ healthy, we need to have enough sleep every day. A．keep B．keeping C．keeps D．kept 2．Our teacher told us________ spend so much time playing computer games. A．don’t B．not C．will not D．not to 3．Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ________ first is the library. A．repaired B．being repaired C．repairing D．to be repaired 4．Maria is said ________ on a novel these days. She plans to finish it next month. A．to work B．work C．to be working D．working 5．I am not very sure ________ the problem right now. A．how to deal with B．what to deal with C．how to do with D．what to do 考点2 动词不定式用法 1．In order to ________ healthy, we need to have enough sleep every day. A．keep B．keeping C．keeps D．kept 2．Our teacher told us________ spend so much time playing computer games. A．don’t B．not C．will not D．not to 3．Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ________ first is the library. A．repaired B．being repaired C．repairing D．to be repaired 4．Maria is said ________ on a novel these days. She plans to finish it next month. A．to work B．work C．to be working D．working 5．I am not very sure ________ the problem right now. A．how to deal with B．what to deal with C．how to do with D．what to do 【高中不定式考点聚焦】 课标解读 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。动词不定式有及物和不及物之分，有时态和语态的变化。理解不定式的时态和语态变化，如一般式、进行式、完成式等。掌握一些特殊句型中不定式的使用，如It's time to do sth., would rather do sth.等。 考点清单 一.不定式构成形式 不定式的形式有六种（以动词give为例）： 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to+动词原形 （to give） to be+过去分词 （to be given） 完成式 to have+过去分词 （to have given） to have been+过去分词 （to have been given） 进行式 to be+现在分词 （to be giving） — 完成进行式 to have been+现在分词 （to have been giving） — 二.不定式的用法 1. 作主语 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面，这样可以避免句子“头重脚轻”，是句子结构平衡。 e.g. It is dangerous to play with fire. (=To play with fire is dangerous.) 我们可以得出这样的一个句型：It is +adj.+to do sth. 另外，“Wh-+不定式”也可以作主语。 e.g. When to leave hasn’t been decided yet. 总结不定式作主语典型用法 要点精讲 1.不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为) 。 2.不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。 3.常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth.等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. It took years of work _____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 2. It’s important for the figures _____________(update) regularly. 3. When and where to start the programs ____________(remain) unknown. 4. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take __________ (get)there. 2. 作宾语 He decided to invite all of his classmates to attend the holiday at the beach. 他决定邀请他所有的同学到海滨度假。 He promised not to tell anyone about it.他答应不把这件事情告诉任何人。 (1)..以下动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语： ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fall, help, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等。如：He refused to lend me his bicycle. (2).下列动词后接不定式或-ing形式作宾语均可，意思相差甚微。 begin, start, like, love, continue, prefer, hate等。如： I like watching TV, but I don’t like to watch TV this evening. 注意：like doing表示习惯性动作，like to do表示具体动作。 (3).在及物动词tell, advise, show, teach, learn, know, decide等词之后，常接“疑问词(how, what, whether, where, when, who等)+不定式”构成的不定式短语作宾语。如： He showed us how to do the work. (=He showed us how we should do the work.) I don’t know what to do. (=I don’t know what I should do.) We must decide whether to go or not. The enemy had no choice but to give in. 总结不定式作宾语两种典型用法 要点精讲1：只接to do作宾语的动词:妙记--mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的 manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail, intend, plan/pretend/promise, seem, decide/desire/determine 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words. 2. She never seemed ________(care) what the rest of us thought about her. 3. One study in America found that students' grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want __________ (wear) the uniform. 要点精讲2：接to do/doing意义不同的动词：妙记--frogshmt青蛙聪明 forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can’t help, mean, try。该考点非常重要，必须重视。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again. 2. --Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it. 3. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 4. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _________(live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. 3. 作表语 1.不定式作表语时常见的动词 不定式作表语时，一般紧紧跟在系动词后面，如be，seem，remain，appear，get等，用来说明主语的内容。 A use of the computer network is to send e-mails.计算机网络的一种作用是发送电子邮件。 Mary doesn’t seem to like the idea.玛丽似乎不喜欢这个主意。 2.不定式作表语时常见的主语 当dream，business，wish，idea，plan，job，work，task，duty等作主语时，及what sb. wants to do等作主语时，常用不定式作表语。 My wish is to be a doctor.我的愿望是成为一名医生。 What Joe wants to do seems to tell you something.乔想要做的似乎就是要告诉你一些事情。 总结不定式作表语典型用法 要点精讲：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。 If you are wrong, the least thing you can do is (to) apologize. 如果你做错了，你可以做的至少是道歉。 The only thing that he can do now is (to) abandon the plan. 现在他唯一能做的事情是放弃这个计划。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____(see) whether they will enjoy it. 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____________(not, make) it more difficult. 4. 作定语 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面要由相应的介词。如： The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time或place或way时，不定式后面的介词可以省略。如： He had no place to live. (1)..不定式表将来 The car to be bought is for his sister. (2).用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，而且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。如： He is the best man to do this job. The last one to arrive pays the meal 要点精要点精讲： 1.不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。 2.不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。 3.若不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。 总结不定式作定语典型用法 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The meeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrow is very important. 2. The airport _____________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 3. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one (blame). 4. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________ (change) lives. 5. 作状语 不定式作状语时，常见的有目的状语、结果状语、原因状语。 (1).目的状语 不定式作目的状语的情况比较多，如果强调目的性，不定式前还可以加in order to或so as to，构成in order to do 或so as to do结构。in order to do结构作目的状语时，可以放在句首或句中。而so as to do结构只能放在句中。 e.g. He went to Beijing to/in order to/so as to see his friends. Bob took down my telephone number so as not to/in order not to forget it. (2).结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so...as to; such...as to; too...to; only to do, ...enough to等。 e.g. I’m not so stupid as to write it down. Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left. I’m too tired to stay up longer. (3).原因状语 形容词作表语时，后面可以接不定式作原因状语，用来说明产生某种情绪的原因。可以用于这类结构的常见形容词有：happy, surprised, ready, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, delighted, pleased等。 e.g. You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. (4).条件状语 动词不定式有时也可以表示条件，一般置于句首，否定不定式表示条件多置于句尾，这时谓语动词常含有will, shall, should, would, can, must等。 To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world. 总结不定式作状语三种典型用法 要点精讲1：不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners. 2. _______(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents. 3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there (train) for a space flight. 4.The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection _________ (promote) economic growth. 要点精讲2：不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He hurried to the station, only ____________(inform/find/tell) that the train had left. 2. Would you be so kind as_____________ (carry) the luggage for me? 3. Now I’m brave enough ____________(stand) up and answer the question. 要点精讲3：不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe). 2.Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________ (perform) consistently over a large area. 6. 作补语 补语可以分成宾补和主补。用来补充说明宾语或主语的状态。 1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 带to的不定式作补语：advidse, allow, ask, beg, encourage, forbid, force, get, order, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, wish, 等。 The doctor advised me to stop smoking.医生建议我戒烟。 Their boss forced them to work overtime.老板强迫他们加班。 2.不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 不定式在某些感官动词，如feel，hear，listen to，watch，look at，notice，observe等，以及使役动词let，have，make等后作宾语补足语时，要省去to，但在被动语态中to不可省去。 They made the workers work day and night. →The workers were made to work day and night.（在被动语态中，省去的to必须加上。） Let me hear you play the piano!让我听听你弹钢琴吧！ 注意：在动词help后，to可以省略，也可以不省略。 I will help him (to) clean the room.我将要帮他打扫这间屋子。 3.不定式作主语补足语 The room was said to have been cleaned.据说这个房间已被打扫过了。 （划线的部分分别为不定式的逻辑主语、被动语态、主语补足语） He was told to be quiet.（被动语态） （划线的部分分别为不定式的逻辑主语、被动语态、主语补足语） →The teacher told him to be quie.他被（老师）告知要保持安静。 （to be quiet为不定式作宾语补足语） 总结不定式作宾语补足语四种典型用法 要点精讲1：see类动词(不定式作宾补省to，但在被动语态中to应加上): 巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉 notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. With the world changing fast, we have something new (deal) with by ourselves every day. 2. He was observed ________________(enter) the office silently. 3. When I came in I saw him ______________(listen) to music. 要点精讲2：warn类动词(只接to do后作宾补) warn, tell, ask, persuade, expect等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 2. Energy drinks are not allowed ____________(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 3. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________(stay)and watch. 4. They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 5. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected____________(increase) to 42 by 2050. 要点精讲3：be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that…。不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 2. Police are searching for a woman who is reported to _____________(miss) since the flood hit the area. 三、.不定式的时态和语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing × 完成进行式 to have been doing × 1.一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。 They made plans to live in Paris. 他们计划住在巴黎。（to live 发生在 made plans之后） 2. “to be done”表示将来，常作定语。而且不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。 The school building to be finished is for our teacher. 要被建造的大楼是给我们老师使用的。 The doctor recommended the room to be aired. 医生建议让房间透透气。 3. “to have done”表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，而且和主语（通常指人）是主动关系。 He is said to have finished this novel. 据说他写完了这部小说。 4. “to have been done”从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，而且和主语（通常指物，也可以指人）是被动关系。 This building is said to have been built. 据说这个建筑被竣工了。 She is happy to have been admitted to a famous university. 她被一所著名大学录取了，很开心。 5.“to be doing”表示两个动作同时发生，不太强调先后顺序。 When I came in, Mr. Li happened to be talking with others. 当我进来的时候，Mr. Li碰巧和别人聊天呢。 6. “to have been doing”表示表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而且一直进行着。 I am happy to have been working here. 我很开心在这里工作。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The boy pretended _____________(read) the book when the teacher came in. 2. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ___________(hear). 3. He got up early this morning so as _____________(miss)the early train. 4. The engine just won't start. Something seems __________(go) wrong with it. 一、单句语法填空 1．The manager missed the conference, only (inform) of the final decision later. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Let’s start doing what we can make the world a greener, cleaner place. (用适当的词填空) 3．She struggled for 10 years (achieve) success as an author. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．The present situation is very complex, so it’ll take a few days (figure) out its reality. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．He would be the last student (break) the school rules. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．She explained the rules clearly, enabling everyone (understand). (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．She is the first woman (win) the Nobel Prize in this field. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．My uncle rushed to the station only (tell) the train had left. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．Our committee has a major role (play) in maintaining air and water quality. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．At first, his plan was (earn) money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．The advanced scanning technology enables every tiny detail of the sample (examine) with great precision. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．A tech company created a screen-free smartphone that allows kids (chat) with loved ones without the distractions of a touchscreen. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream (admit) to my favorite university will come true. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．My English teacher is my role model, who has influenced me (take) up the position as a teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．The engine just won’t start. Something seems (go) wrong with it.（所给词的适当形式填空） 16．He did not hesitate for a minute (save) the drowning child.(所给词的适当形式填空) 17．People tend (feel) lonely when they are in a strange city for the first time. (所给词的正确形式填空) 18．With a lot of homework (do) this evening, he can’t go to the movies with us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．The young singer is said (train) by a master for the coming performance every day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．He was heard (sing) a folk song while making dumplings in the kitchen. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 21．To ________________________, you should exercise at least three times a week. (keep healthy)   为了保持健康，你应该每周至少锻炼三次。 22．We all have a role to play to ________________ (保护环境). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 23．Governments need to ________________ (采取措施) to reduce carbon emissions and slow climate change. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 24．1931年，亚当斯成为第一名获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。 (the first...to do sth. ) In 1931, Addams became the first American woman ________________. 25．“be+形容词+to do”结构     The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are ________________ (容易学和背诵). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 26．To succeed, you must be willing to ________ (面对挑战) instead of avoiding them. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 27．seem to do sth. 似乎做某事     In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always________ (似乎找到一个方法) to win. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 28．School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way _______ (学习) and grow. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 29．I __________ (志愿做) a tutor for children from poor families. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 30．Many people work two jobs to __________ (谋生) and support their families. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 三、语篇填空（不定式专练） It is important for teenagers 　1　(have) dreams. My dream is 　2　(become) a volunteer doctor in the future. I always try my best 　3　(study) medicine-related knowledge after school. I decide 　4　(do) more volunteer work to help others. Last term, I joined a club 　5　(learn) how to care for the old. My parents expect me 　6　(be) a kind and helpful person. They encourage me 　7　(keep) trying. I know I can’t wait 　8　(take) action every day. It’s my duty 　9　(help) people in need. I believe I am able 　10　(realize) my dream one day. 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On the Chinese New Year’s Eve, the dinner table is covered with a variety of 1 (dish). It is a great moment for the whole family to sit together to enjoy the dinner. Bofeng, Luo Yan’s son, happily takes 2 bite of the chicken his grandfather has selected for him. In spite 3 the cold outside, the family members enjoy the happiness of reunion. Every year, Luo comes back from the city 4 his small family live. It is convenient 5 (go) back to their home town by the high-speed train. Upon their 6 (arrive), they find Luo’s parents eagerly waiting for them. The home has also been 7 (special) decorated for this joyous occasion. After dinner, the whole family observe the tradition of staying up late. They eat snacks, 8 (chat) with each other and making dumplings. As midnight 9 (approach), Luo Yan takes the whole family outside to set off firecrackers in the village that 10 (light) up with colourful fireworks. 二、阅读理解 Join us as we explore the most photogenic roads in the world! The road experts at Instarmac take a look at some of the world’s most famous roads on Instagram and advise which is the best to help make your feed look fantastic! Route 66 Even though Route 66 was officially removed from the US Highway System almost 40 years ago, it remains one of the world’s most popular and culturally significant roads. A must-visit for any road trip enthusiast, Route 66 is the most-Instagrammed road in the world, with over 2.1 million posts using the hashtag #route66. Great Ocean Road Stretching for 150 miles along Australia’s south-eastern coast, the Great Ocean Road is the world’s largest war memorial, making it a meaningful and beautiful journey. Built between1919 and 1932 by Australian soldiers returning from the First World War, the Great Ocean Road connects the towns of Torquay and Allansford. Wild Atlantic Way One thousand six hundred miles long, the Wild Atlantic Way runs along most of Ireland’s west coast and is Europe’s most westerly road. With panoramic views stretching out over the Atlantic Ocean, this winding road features stunning natural rock formations like the Cliffs of Moher and Slieve League, as well as historic man-made landmarks such as the Fanad Head Lighthouse and the Baltimore Beacon. Big Sur One of the world’s most beautiful coastlines is Big Sur, on California’s Central Coast. The Big Sur Coast Highway boasts many extremely Instagrammable sights. It is well worth a visit for road-trip lovers, particularly if you can travel there in quieter months outside school breaks and summer holidays. 11．Which road was built in memory of a historical event? A．Route 66. B．Big Sur. C．Wild Atlantic Way. D．Great Ocean Road. 12．What is special about Wild Atlantic Way? A．It features natural and artificial scenery. B．It lies on Ireland’s eastern coast. C．It travels across much of Europe. D．It is the longest coastal road. 13．What do Route 66 and Big Sur have in common? A．They both are coastal roads. B．They appeal to road trip lovers. C．They bear traditional cultural value. D．They remain part of the US Highway System. Slate’s Music Club 2025 2025 was a year when music refused to stay in its lane — Latin rhythms stormed the charts, rock revived in the most unexpected forms, and global voices rose with unprecedented (史无前例的) force. Slate’s Music Club gathered a group of critics to discuss the year music, the cultural trends that drove the musical spirit, as well as our favorite albums and singles. Let’s get to know our participants, all of whom joined the Slate’s Music Club. They are Julianne, Finzi, Lindsay, and Christ. Each of them has their own favorite albums in 2025. Getting Killed Finzi’s favorite album of the year is by a young New York band called Geese. Their album is called Getting Killed. It is probably one of the most exciting rock records you have heard in years. It is strange and interesting and compulsively listenable. Beautiful Place It is a really lovely combination of sort of deadpan spoken word poetry with exciting guitar sounds and all sorts of electronics going on. It is just kind of speaking to something in Lindsay’s heart about the overwhelm of the modern condition. Country Julianne’s favorite album is Cleo Reed’s Country. It is a really epic folk album about the state of work in the U.S. from the perspective of a hopeful black person living in New York. Her other album pick is Lido Pimienta’s La Belleza. It is a symphonic journey through Afro-Colombian rhythms with a Medellin Philharmonic. Debi Tirar Mas Fotos Christ’s favorite is Bad Bunny’s Debi Tirar Mas Fotos, which is emerging as the possible favorite at the Grammys, let alone the subject of a forthcoming Super Bowl halftime show. This album is the most-streamed in the world and has been ever since it came out in January. 14．Which album might be appealing to electronics-lovers? A．Beautiful Place. B．La Belleza. C．Country. D．Debi Tirar Mas Fotos. 15．Who is fond of folk music? A．Finzi. B．Lindsay. C．Julianne. D．Christ. 16．What can we infer about Bad Bunny’s Debi Tirar Mas Fotos? A．It was released at the end of 2025. B．It has received wide popularity and attention. C．It is a folk album about American working conditions. D．It was created in cooperation with a famous orchestra. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点09 不定式 初中视角 高中展望 初中要求掌握不定式的定义、形式和不定式基本用法。形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。 高中阶段，不定式在句中可作的各种成分；不定式省去to的情况；不定式的时态和语态。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中不定式考点聚焦】 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。有时可以省略to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。help sb.(to) do sth. make sb. do sth. 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。 宾语 —What sports does he like to play?他喜欢什么动？ —He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因） I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 考点1 动词不定式形式 1．In order to ________ healthy, we need to have enough sleep every day. A．keep B．keeping C．keeps D．kept 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，我们需要每天有足够的睡眠。 in order to do sth.表示“为了做某事”，to后接动词原形，应填keep。 2．Our teacher told us________ spend so much time playing computer games. A．don’t B．not C．will not D．not to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们的老师告诉我们不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。 由“told us”可知，固定搭配tell sb. (not) to do sth. 意为“告诉某人（不要）做某事”，不定式的否定形式是在to前加not。 3．Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ________ first is the library. A．repaired B．being repaired C．repairing D．to be repaired 【答案】D 【详解】句意：城市里许多建筑物都需要修理，但是首先需要修理的是图书馆。 考查动词不定式的被动式。根据“Many buildings in the city need repairing”可知，城市里许多建筑物将要被修理，故用动词不定式表将来；空格前the one指代“the building”，故the one与动词repair之间是被动关系，此处应用动词不定式的被动式to be done形式，作后置定语。故选D。 4．Maria is said ________ on a novel these days. She plans to finish it next month. A．to work B．work C．to be working D．working 【答案】C 【详解】句意：据说Maria这些天正在写小说，她打算下个月把它写完。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Maria is said...on a novel these days.”可知，此处表示“据说Maria这些天正在写小说”。be said to be doing sth.意为“据说正在做某事”。故选C。 5．I am not very sure ________ the problem right now. A．how to deal with B．what to deal with C．how to do with D．what to do 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我现在不太确定如何处理这个问题。 考查动词短语辨析。how to deal with怎样处理；what to deal with搭配不当；how to do with搭配错误；what to do做什么。deal with“处理”，常与“how”连用，表示方式；do with“处理”，但常与“what”连用。故选A。 考点2 动词不定式用法 1．In order to ________ healthy, we need to have enough sleep every day. A．keep B．keeping C．keeps D．kept 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，我们需要每天有足够的睡眠。 in order to do sth.表示“为了做某事”，to后接动词原形，应填keep。 2．Our teacher told us________ spend so much time playing computer games. A．don’t B．not C．will not D．not to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们的老师告诉我们不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。 由“told us”可知，固定搭配tell sb. (not) to do sth. 意为“告诉某人（不要）做某事”，不定式的否定形式是在to前加not。 3．Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ________ first is the library. A．repaired B．being repaired C．repairing D．to be repaired 【答案】D 【详解】句意：城市里许多建筑物都需要修理，但是首先需要修理的是图书馆。 考查动词不定式的被动式。根据“Many buildings in the city need repairing”可知，城市里许多建筑物将要被修理，故用动词不定式表将来；空格前the one指代“the building”，故the one与动词repair之间是被动关系，此处应用动词不定式的被动式to be done形式，作后置定语。故选D。 4．Maria is said ________ on a novel these days. She plans to finish it next month. A．to work B．work C．to be working D．working 【答案】C 【详解】句意：据说Maria这些天正在写小说，她打算下个月把它写完。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Maria is said...on a novel these days.”可知，此处表示“据说Maria这些天正在写小说”。be said to be doing sth.意为“据说正在做某事”。故选C。 5．I am not very sure ________ the problem right now. A．how to deal with B．what to deal with C．how to do with D．what to do 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我现在不太确定如何处理这个问题。 考查动词短语辨析。how to deal with怎样处理；what to deal with搭配不当；how to do with搭配错误；what to do做什么。deal with“处理”，常与“how”连用，表示方式；do with“处理”，但常与“what”连用。故选A。 【高中不定式考点聚焦】 课标解读 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。动词不定式有及物和不及物之分，有时态和语态的变化。理解不定式的时态和语态变化，如一般式、进行式、完成式等。掌握一些特殊句型中不定式的使用，如It's time to do sth., would rather do sth.等。 考点清单 一.不定式构成形式 不定式的形式有六种（以动词give为例）： 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to+动词原形 （to give） to be+过去分词 （to be given） 完成式 to have+过去分词 （to have given） to have been+过去分词 （to have been given） 进行式 to be+现在分词 （to be giving） — 完成进行式 to have been+现在分词 （to have been giving） — 二.不定式的用法 1. 作主语 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面，这样可以避免句子“头重脚轻”，是句子结构平衡。 e.g. It is dangerous to play with fire. (=To play with fire is dangerous.) 我们可以得出这样的一个句型：It is +adj.+to do sth. 另外，“Wh-+不定式”也可以作主语。 e.g. When to leave hasn’t been decided yet. 总结不定式作主语典型用法 要点精讲 1.不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为) 。 2.不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。 3.常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth.等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. It took years of work _____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 2. It’s important for the figures _____________(update) regularly. 3. When and where to start the programs ____________(remain) unknown. 4. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take __________ (get)there. 【答案与解析】 1. to reduce。It takes sb. time to do sth.是常用句型，不定式短语作真正主语。故答案是to reduce。 2. to be updated。定期更新数据很重要，数据是被更新的，故答案是to be updated。 3. remains。wh-to do短语作主语，谓语用单数。故答案是remains。 4. to get。这是It takes sb time to do sth.句型，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故答案是to get。 2. 作宾语 He decided to invite all of his classmates to attend the holiday at the beach. 他决定邀请他所有的同学到海滨度假。 He promised not to tell anyone about it.他答应不把这件事情告诉任何人。 (1)..以下动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语： ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fall, help, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等。如：He refused to lend me his bicycle. (2).下列动词后接不定式或-ing形式作宾语均可，意思相差甚微。 begin, start, like, love, continue, prefer, hate等。如： I like watching TV, but I don’t like to watch TV this evening. 注意：like doing表示习惯性动作，like to do表示具体动作。 (3).在及物动词tell, advise, show, teach, learn, know, decide等词之后，常接“疑问词(how, what, whether, where, when, who等)+不定式”构成的不定式短语作宾语。如： He showed us how to do the work. (=He showed us how we should do the work.) I don’t know what to do. (=I don’t know what I should do.) We must decide whether to go or not. The enemy had no choice but to give in. 总结不定式作宾语两种典型用法 要点精讲1：只接to do作宾语的动词:妙记--mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的 manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail, intend, plan/pretend/promise, seem, decide/desire/determine 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words. 2. She never seemed ________(care) what the rest of us thought about her. 3. One study in America found that students' grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want __________ (wear) the uniform. 【答案与解析】 1. to grasp。fail to do未能做某事。故答案是to grasp。 2. to care。seem to do好像做某事。故答案是to care。 3. to wear。want to do sth表示“想做某事”。故答案是to wear。 要点精讲2：接to do/doing意义不同的动词：妙记--frogshmt青蛙聪明 forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can’t help, mean, try。该考点非常重要，必须重视。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again. 2. --Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it. 3. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 4. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _________(live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. 【答案与解析】 1. getting。这里应用mean doing表示“意味着”。故答案是getting。 2. to close。这里应用forget to do表示“忘记做某事”，强调未做，故答案是to close。 3. to lock。remember to do表示“记住去做某事”，和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是to lock。 4. living。try doing强调“尝试着做了某事”，符合语境要求，故答案是living。 3. 作表语 1.不定式作表语时常见的动词 不定式作表语时，一般紧紧跟在系动词后面，如be，seem，remain，appear，get等，用来说明主语的内容。 A use of the computer network is to send e-mails.计算机网络的一种作用是发送电子邮件。 Mary doesn’t seem to like the idea.玛丽似乎不喜欢这个主意。 2.不定式作表语时常见的主语 当dream，business，wish，idea，plan，job，work，task，duty等作主语时，及what sb. wants to do等作主语时，常用不定式作表语。 My wish is to be a doctor.我的愿望是成为一名医生。 What Joe wants to do seems to tell you something.乔想要做的似乎就是要告诉你一些事情。 总结不定式作表语典型用法 要点精讲：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。 If you are wrong, the least thing you can do is (to) apologize. 如果你做错了，你可以做的至少是道歉。 The only thing that he can do now is (to) abandon the plan. 现在他唯一能做的事情是放弃这个计划。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____(see) whether they will enjoy it. 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____________(not, make) it more difficult. 【答案与解析】 1. to be seen。It remains to be seen whether….是固定句型，表示“是否……有待观察”，故答案是to be seen。 2. not to make。这里不定式短语作表语，但是为了对比，不定式to不能省略，故答案是not to make。 4. 作定语 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面要由相应的介词。如： The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time或place或way时，不定式后面的介词可以省略。如： He had no place to live. (1)..不定式表将来 The car to be bought is for his sister. (2).用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，而且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。如： He is the best man to do this job. The last one to arrive pays the meal 要点精要点精讲： 1.不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。 2.不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。 3.若不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。 总结不定式作定语典型用法 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The meeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrow is very important. 2. The airport _____________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 3. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one (blame). 4. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________ (change) lives. 1. being; held; to be held。现在分词作定语，表示一个正在进行的动作；过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已发生动作。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作。故答案是being; held; to be held。 2. to be completed。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作；结合语境应用被动形式，故答案是to be completed。 3. to blame。(be) to blame表示“该受到责备”，主动形式表示被动意义，故答案是to blame。 4. to change。结合语境应用单词不定式作定语。故答案是to change。 5. 作状语 不定式作状语时，常见的有目的状语、结果状语、原因状语。 (1).目的状语 不定式作目的状语的情况比较多，如果强调目的性，不定式前还可以加in order to或so as to，构成in order to do 或so as to do结构。in order to do结构作目的状语时，可以放在句首或句中。而so as to do结构只能放在句中。 e.g. He went to Beijing to/in order to/so as to see his friends. Bob took down my telephone number so as not to/in order not to forget it. (2).结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so...as to; such...as to; too...to; only to do, ...enough to等。 e.g. I’m not so stupid as to write it down. Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left. I’m too tired to stay up longer. (3).原因状语 形容词作表语时，后面可以接不定式作原因状语，用来说明产生某种情绪的原因。可以用于这类结构的常见形容词有：happy, surprised, ready, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, delighted, pleased等。 e.g. You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. (4).条件状语 动词不定式有时也可以表示条件，一般置于句首，否定不定式表示条件多置于句尾，这时谓语动词常含有will, shall, should, would, can, must等。 To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world. 总结不定式作状语三种典型用法 要点精讲1：不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners. 2. _______(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents. 3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there (train) for a space flight. 4.The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection _________ (promote) economic growth. 【答案与解析】 1. to save。it can是定语从句that it can do的省略，故应用不定式作目的状语，故答案是to save。 2. To be accepted。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是To be accepted。 3. to be trained。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是to be trained。 4. to promote。不定式作目的状语，故答案是to promote。 要点精讲2：不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He hurried to the station, only ____________(inform/find/tell) that the train had left. 2. Would you be so kind as_____________ (carry) the luggage for me? 3. Now I’m brave enough ____________(stand) up and answer the question. 【答案与解析】 1. to be informed/to find/to be told。only to do常表示出乎预料的结果，本句含有被动意义,故答案是to be informed/to find/to be told。 2. to carry。so…as to do引导不定式作结果状语，故答案是to carry。 3. to stand。…enough to do是不定式短语作结果状语，故答案是to stand。 要点精讲3：不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe). 2.Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________ (perform) consistently over a large area. 【答案与解析】 1. to breathe。不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是to breathe。 2. to perform。本句是形容词短语作宾语补足语，暗含be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，故答案是to perform。 6. 作补语 补语可以分成宾补和主补。用来补充说明宾语或主语的状态。 1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 带to的不定式作补语：advidse, allow, ask, beg, encourage, forbid, force, get, order, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, wish, 等。 The doctor advised me to stop smoking.医生建议我戒烟。 Their boss forced them to work overtime.老板强迫他们加班。 2.不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 不定式在某些感官动词，如feel，hear，listen to，watch，look at，notice，observe等，以及使役动词let，have，make等后作宾语补足语时，要省去to，但在被动语态中to不可省去。 They made the workers work day and night. →The workers were made to work day and night.（在被动语态中，省去的to必须加上。） Let me hear you play the piano!让我听听你弹钢琴吧！ 注意：在动词help后，to可以省略，也可以不省略。 I will help him (to) clean the room.我将要帮他打扫这间屋子。 3.不定式作主语补足语 The room was said to have been cleaned.据说这个房间已被打扫过了。 （划线的部分分别为不定式的逻辑主语、被动语态、主语补足语） He was told to be quiet.（被动语态） （划线的部分分别为不定式的逻辑主语、被动语态、主语补足语） →The teacher told him to be quiet.他被（老师）告知要保持安静。 （to be quiet为不定式作宾语补足语） 总结不定式作宾语补足语四种典型用法 要点精讲1：see类动词(不定式作宾补省to，但在被动语态中to应加上): 巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉 notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. With the world changing fast, we have something new (deal) with by ourselves every day. 2. He was observed ________________(enter) the office silently. 3. When I came in I saw him ______________(listen) to music. 【答案与解析】 1. to deal。本句不是have sb do sth句式，而是have sth to do 表示“有某事要做”，不定式短语作定语，故答案是to deal。 2. to enter。observe sb do sth是固定句型，省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中to应加上。故答案是to enter。 3. listening。结合语境这里应用see sb doing sth…表示“看见某人正在做某事”。故答案是listening。 要点精讲2：warn类动词(只接to do后作宾补) warn, tell, ask, persuade, expect等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 2. Energy drinks are not allowed ____________(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 3. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________(stay)and watch. 4. They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 5. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected____________(increase) to 42 by 2050. 【答案与解析】 1. to carry。permit sb to do sth允许某人做事，故答案是to carry。 2. to be made。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事，故答案是to be made。 3. to stay。本句考查allow sb to do sth表示“允许某人做某事”。故答案是to stay。 4. to process。本题考查require sb to do sth表示“要求某人做某事”。故答案是to process。 5. to increase。本题考查expect sb to do sth表示“期待某人做某事”，故答案是to increase。 要点精讲3：be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that…。不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 2. Police are searching for a woman who is reported to _____________(miss) since the flood hit the area. 【答案与解析】 1. to have studied。be said to do表示“据说做某事”；what country he studied in暗示该动作已结束，故答案是to have studied。 2. have been missing。since the flood hit the area暗示应用不定式完成式；结合语境又是一种“失踪”状态，故答案是have been missing。 三、.不定式的时态和语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing × 完成进行式 to have been doing × 1.一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。 They made plans to live in Paris. 他们计划住在巴黎。（to live 发生在 made plans之后） 2. “to be done”表示将来，常作定语。而且不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。 The school building to be finished is for our teacher. 要被建造的大楼是给我们老师使用的。 The doctor recommended the room to be aired. 医生建议让房间透透气。 3. “to have done”表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，而且和主语（通常指人）是主动关系。 He is said to have finished this novel. 据说他写完了这部小说。 4. “to have been done”从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，而且和主语（通常指物，也可以指人）是被动关系。 This building is said to have been built. 据说这个建筑被竣工了。 She is happy to have been admitted to a famous university. 她被一所著名大学录取了，很开心。 5.“to be doing”表示两个动作同时发生，不太强调先后顺序。 When I came in, Mr. Li happened to be talking with others. 当我进来的时候，Mr. Li碰巧和别人聊天呢。 6. “to have been doing”表示表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而且一直进行着。 I am happy to have been working here. 我很开心在这里工作。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The boy pretended _____________(read) the book when the teacher came in. 2. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ___________(hear). 3. He got up early this morning so as _____________(miss)the early train. 4. The engine just won't start. Something seems __________(go) wrong with it. 【答案与解析】 1. to be reading。pretend to be doing假装正在做某事。故答案是to be reading。 2. to be heard。struggle to do努力做某事。故答案是to be heard。 3. not to miss。so as not to do sth为了不做某事。故答案是not to miss。 4. to have gone。结合语境该动作已发生，故答案是to have gone。 一、单句语法填空 1．The manager missed the conference, only (inform) of the final decision later. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be informed 【详解】句意：经理错过了会议，之后才被告知最终决定。此处为only后接不定式作结果状语，表出乎意料的结果；主语the manager与inform之间是被动关系，所以此处用不定式的被动形式to be informed。 2．Let’s start doing what we can make the world a greener, cleaner place. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】to 【详解】句意：让我们开始尽自己所能，让这个世界变得更加绿色、更加清洁吧。结合“make the world a greener, cleaner place”可知，“开始尽自己所能”的目的是为了“让这个世界变得更加绿色、更加清洁”，因此用to构成不定式，作目的状语。 3．She struggled for 10 years (achieve) success as an author. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to achieve 【详解】句意：她奋斗了十年，才作为作家取得成功。“(achieve) success as an author”是她奋斗十年的目的，用不定式to achieve作目的状语。 4．The present situation is very complex, so it’ll take a few days (figure) out its reality. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to figure 【详解】句意：当前形势十分复杂，因此要花几天时间才能弄清它的实际情况。固定句型：It takes some time to do sth.“花费多长时间做某事”，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。 5．He would be the last student (break) the school rules. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to break 【详解】 句意：他会是最不可能违反校规的学生。名词student前有the last修饰，后用动词不定式to break作后置定语。 6．She explained the rules clearly, enabling everyone (understand). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to understand 【详解】句意：她把规则讲解得很清楚，让所有人都能明白。enable sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“使某人能够做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语。 7．She is the first woman (win) the Nobel Prize in this field. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to win 【详解】句意：她是该领域第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性。当名词被序数词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语，woman被the first修饰，因此用to win作后置定语。 8．My uncle rushed to the station only (tell) the train had left. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be told 【详解】句意：我叔叔匆忙赶到车站，结果却被告知火车已经开走了。only to do表示意想不到的结果，此处tell与my uncle之间是被动关系，即叔叔是被告知，所以用动词不定式的被动形式to be told。 9．Our committee has a major role (play) in maintaining air and water quality. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to play 【详解】句意：我们的委员会在维护空气和水质方面发挥着重要作用。修饰role，常用不定式作后置定语。 10．At first, his plan was (earn) money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to earn 【详解】句意：起初，他的计划是挣些钱在非洲的某个地方打一口井。plan作主语，说明主语的内容，用不定式作表语。 11．The advanced scanning technology enables every tiny detail of the sample (examine) with great precision. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be examined 【详解】句意：先进的扫描技术使得能够以极高的精度检测样品的每一个微小细节。enable sth./sb. to do“使某物/人能够做某事”且every tiny detail of the sample与examine为被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式to be examined，作宾补。 12．A tech company created a screen-free smartphone that allows kids (chat) with loved ones without the distractions of a touchscreen. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to chat 【详解】句意：一家科技公司研发出一款无屏幕智能手机，能让孩子们和亲人聊天且不受触屏干扰。此处为固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.，意为“允许某人做某事”，所以此处使用to chat作宾补。 13．The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream (admit) to my favorite university will come true. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be admitted 【详解】句意：考试很可能按预期顺利进行，我被心仪大学录取的梦想将会实现。my dream作主语，_______(admit) to my favorite university作后置定语修饰名词dream，要将动词admit变成非谓语动词；结合will come true可知，admit这个动作还没发生，要用动词不定式结构作后置定语，且表示“被大学录取”，要用动词不定式的被动语态to be admitted。 14．My English teacher is my role model, who has influenced me (take) up the position as a teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to take 【详解】句意：我的英语老师是我的榜样，他影响了我从事教师这一职业。此处考查固定搭配influence sb. to do sth，应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 15．The engine just won’t start. Something seems (go) wrong with it.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to have gone 【详解】句意：发动机就是发动不起来。它似乎已经出故障了。此处为seem to do结构，“出故障”发生在“发动不起来”之前，强调动作已完成并造成现在的结果，需用to have done形式，go 的过去分词是gone。 16．He did not hesitate for a minute (save) the drowning child.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to save 【详解】句意：他毫不犹豫立刻去救那个溺水的孩子。分析句子结构可知，这里考查固定搭配hesitate to do sth. 表“犹豫做某事”，应用不定式作宾语，符合语境。 17．People tend (feel) lonely when they are in a strange city for the first time. (所给词的正确形式填空) 【答案】to feel 【详解】句意：当人们第一次身处陌生的城市时，往往会感到孤独。tend to do sth.是固定短语，意为“倾向于做某事，往往会做某事”，空处用不定式作宾语。 18．With a lot of homework (do) this evening, he can’t go to the movies with us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to do 【详解】句意：今晚有很多作业要做，他不能跟我们一起去看电影了。此处为with的复合结构，do应以非谓语的形式出现，根据后文“he can’t go to the movies with us”可知，作业还未完成，用不定式表示将来，该非谓语动词与逻辑主语he之间为主动关系，应不定式的一般形式to do。 19．The young singer is said (train) by a master for the coming performance every day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be trained 【详解】句意：据说这位年轻歌手为了即将到来的演出每天都在接受一位大师的训练。此处为固定搭配be said to do结构，The young singer与train之间为被动关系，因此使用不定式的被动形式to be trained。 20．He was heard (sing) a folk song while making dumplings in the kitchen. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to sing 【详解】句意：有人听见他在厨房包饺子时唱民歌。此处为“hear sb. do”结构的被动形式，hear用于被动结构时后需接带to的不定式，所以此处为to sing。 二、完成句子 21．To ________________________, you should exercise at least three times a week. (keep healthy)   为了保持健康，你应该每周至少锻炼三次。 【答案】keep healthy 【详解】“保持健康”用动词短语keep healthy，此处为不定式作目的状语，keep用原形。 22．We all have a role to play to ________________ (保护环境). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】protect the environment 【详解】句意：我们每个人都有责任来保护环境。根据汉语提示可知短语为protect the environment，不定式to后用动词原形。 23．Governments need to ________________ (采取措施) to reduce carbon emissions and slow climate change. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】take measures 【详解】句意：政府需要采取措施以减少碳排放并减缓气候变化。根据汉语提示“采取措施”可知，本空用动词短语take measures，位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形。 24．1931年，亚当斯成为第一名获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。 (the first...to do sth. ) In 1931, Addams became the first American woman ________________. 【答案】to win the Nobel Peace Prize 【详解】根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“获得诺贝尔和平奖的”；“获得诺贝尔和平奖”翻译为动宾短语win the Nobel Peace Prize，在句中作后置定语修饰名词短语“the first American woman”，名词前有序数词修饰时，用不定式作后置定语。 25．“be+形容词+to do”结构     The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are ________________ (容易学和背诵). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】easy to learn and recite 【详解】句意：这些诗歌或许并不合乎逻辑，甚至显得有些自相矛盾，但它们却易于学习和背诵。表示“某物容易做”用固定句型“be+形容词+to do”，“容易”用形容词easy；“学”用动词learn，表示“背诵”用动词recite。 26．To succeed, you must be willing to __________ (面对挑战) instead of avoiding them. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】face challenges 【详解】句意：为了成功，你必须愿意面对挑战而不是回避它们。be willing to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“愿意做某事”，所以此处需填动词原形；face意为“面对”，challenges意为“挑战” 。“面对挑战”为face challenges。 27．seem to do sth. 似乎做某事     In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always________ (似乎找到一个方法) to win. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】seemed to find a way 【详解】句意：在比赛的最后几秒，乔丹似乎总能找到获胜的方法。似乎做某事常用seem to do sth.，由语境可知事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时，seem的过去式为seemed，“找到一个方法”为find a way。 28．School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way ____________ (学习) and grow. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】to learn 【详解】句意：学校可以通过给孩子们一种学习和成长的方式，让这些梦想永存。根据汉语提示“学习”可知，用动词learn，a way to do sth.表示“做某事的一种方式”，本空用动词不定式to learn，作后置定语，修饰名词way。 29．I __________ (志愿做) a tutor for children from poor families. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】volunteer to be 【详解】句意：我志愿为贫困家庭的孩子担任家教。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词短语volunteer to do sth.“志愿做某事”，符合语境，本句后接身份名词 a tutor（家教），因此用 volunteer to be + 身份，表示“志愿担任某一角色/职位”。句中无明确过去时间标志，只是陈述个人日常行为、长期意愿，用一般现在时；主语为第一人称 I，谓语动词使用原形volunteer。 30．Many people work two jobs to __________ (谋生) and support their families. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】make a living 【详解】句意：许多人打两份工来谋生、养家糊口。根据汉语提示“谋生”，使用固定短语make a living，不定式符号to后接动词原形。 三、语篇填空（不定式专练） It is important for teenagers 　1　(have) dreams. My dream is 　2　(become) a volunteer doctor in the future. I always try my best 　3　(study) medicine-related knowledge after school. I decide 　4　(do) more volunteer work to help others. Last term, I joined a club 　5　(learn) how to care for the old. My parents expect me 　6　(be) a kind and helpful person. They encourage me 　7　(keep) trying. I know I can’t wait 　8　(take) action every day. It’s my duty 　9　(help) people in need. I believe I am able 　10　(realize) my dream one day. 【导读】本文讲述青少年坚持梦想、立志成为志愿医生的故事，全面考查不定式核心用法：作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补及固定搭配。 1. to have　考查固定句型：It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.（对某人来说做某事……），it 作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。 2. to become　考查不定式作表语：系动词 be 后用不定式，说明主语 dream 的具体内容。 3. to study　考查固定搭配：try one’s best to do sth.（尽某人最大努力做某事），用不定式作宾语。 4. to do　考查固定搭配：decide to do sth.（决定做某事），动词 decide 后接不定式作宾语。 5. to learn　考查不定式作目的状语：加入俱乐部 “为了学习” 照顾老人，表目的用 to do。 6. to be　考查固定搭配：expect sb. to do sth.（期望某人做某事），不定式作宾语补足语。 7. to keep　考查固定搭配：encourage sb. to do sth.（鼓励某人做某事），不定式作宾语补足语。 8. to take　考查固定搭配：can’t wait to do sth.（迫不及待做某事），为高一高频短语。 9. to help　考查固定句型：It’s one’s duty to do sth.（做某事是某人的责任），it 作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。 10. to realize　考查固定搭配：be able to do sth.（能够做某事），为基础高频不定式结构。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On the Chinese New Year’s Eve, the dinner table is covered with a variety of 1 (dish). It is a great moment for the whole family to sit together to enjoy the dinner. Bofeng, Luo Yan’s son, happily takes 2 bite of the chicken his grandfather has selected for him. In spite 3 the cold outside, the family members enjoy the happiness of reunion. Every year, Luo comes back from the city 4 his small family live. It is convenient 5 (go) back to their home town by the high-speed train. Upon their 6 (arrive), they find Luo’s parents eagerly waiting for them. The home has also been 7 (special) decorated for this joyous occasion. After dinner, the whole family observe the tradition of staying up late. They eat snacks, 8 (chat) with each other and making dumplings. As midnight 9 (approach), Luo Yan takes the whole family outside to set off firecrackers in the village that 10 (light) up with colourful fireworks. 【答案】 1．dishes 2．a 3．of 4．where 5．to go 6．arrival 7．specially 8．chatting 9．approaches 10．is lit/is lighted 【导语】文章主要描写了罗燕一家在中国除夕夜团聚的温馨场景，包括年夜饭、守岁、放鞭炮等传统习俗，展现了中国家庭团圆的幸福时刻。 【详解】1．考查名词复数。句意：除夕夜，餐桌上摆满了各种各样的菜肴。dish为可数名词，a variety of后接可数名词复数形式。dish的复数是dishes。 2．考查冠词。句意：罗燕的儿子博丰开心地咬了一口爷爷给他夹的鸡肉。take a bite of为固定搭配，意为“咬一口”。 3．考查介词。句意：尽管外面很冷，家人们仍然享受着团聚的幸福。in spite of为固定短语，意为“尽管”。 4．考查定语从句。句意：每年，罗燕都从他的小家庭居住的城市回来。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词city，从句中缺少地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：坐高铁回家乡很方便。It is convenient to do sth为固定句型，it作形式主语，真正主语为动词不定式to go。 6．考查名词。句意：他们一到达，就发现罗燕的父母正急切地等着他们。their为形容词性物主代词，后接名词arrival作介词upon的宾语。 7．考查副词。句意：家里也为这个喜庆的场合做了特别的装饰。空处修饰动词decorated，需用副词specially。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们吃零食，互相聊天，包饺子。空处与making并列作伴随状语，需填现在分词chatting。 9．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：午夜临近时，罗燕带着全家人到外面放鞭炮，村子里被五彩缤纷的烟花照亮。as引导时间状语从句，叙述习惯性动作，使用一般现在时，主语midnight为第三人称单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填approaches。 10．考查动词时态和语态。句意：同上。that引导定语从句修饰village，village与light up之间为被动关系，且叙述客观事实，需用一般现在时的被动语态，应填is lit/lighted。 二、阅读理解 Join us as we explore the most photogenic roads in the world! The road experts at Instarmac take a look at some of the world’s most famous roads on Instagram and advise which is the best to help make your feed look fantastic! Route 66 Even though Route 66 was officially removed from the US Highway System almost 40 years ago, it remains one of the world’s most popular and culturally significant roads. A must-visit for any road trip enthusiast, Route 66 is the most-Instagrammed road in the world, with over 2.1 million posts using the hashtag #route66. Great Ocean Road Stretching for 150 miles along Australia’s south-eastern coast, the Great Ocean Road is the world’s largest war memorial, making it a meaningful and beautiful journey. Built between1919 and 1932 by Australian soldiers returning from the First World War, the Great Ocean Road connects the towns of Torquay and Allansford. Wild Atlantic Way One thousand six hundred miles long, the Wild Atlantic Way runs along most of Ireland’s west coast and is Europe’s most westerly road. With panoramic views stretching out over the Atlantic Ocean, this winding road features stunning natural rock formations like the Cliffs of Moher and Slieve League, as well as historic man-made landmarks such as the Fanad Head Lighthouse and the Baltimore Beacon. Big Sur One of the world’s most beautiful coastlines is Big Sur, on California’s Central Coast. The Big Sur Coast Highway boasts many extremely Instagrammable sights. It is well worth a visit for road-trip lovers, particularly if you can travel there in quieter months outside school breaks and summer holidays. 11．Which road was built in memory of a historical event? A．Route 66. B．Big Sur. C．Wild Atlantic Way. D．Great Ocean Road. 12．What is special about Wild Atlantic Way? A．It features natural and artificial scenery. B．It lies on Ireland’s eastern coast. C．It travels across much of Europe. D．It is the longest coastal road. 13．What do Route 66 and Big Sur have in common? A．They both are coastal roads. B．They appeal to road trip lovers. C．They bear traditional cultural value. D．They remain part of the US Highway System. 【答案】11．D 12．A 13．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了世界上四条最适合拍照的著名公路及其特色。 【详解】11．细节理解题。根据Great Ocean Road部分中“the Great Ocean Road is the world’s largest war memorial(大洋路是世界上最大的战争纪念碑)”以及“Built between 1919 and 1932 by Australian soldiers returning from the First World War(由一战归来的澳大利亚士兵于1919至1932年间修建)”可知，Great Ocean Road是为纪念一战而建。 12．细节理解题。根据Wild Atlantic Way部分中“this winding road features stunning natural rock formations like the Cliffs of Moher and Slieve League, as well as historic man-made landmarks such as the Fanad Head Lighthouse and the Baltimore Beacon(这条蜿蜒的公路拥有令人惊叹的天然岩层如Cliffs of Moher和Slieve League，还有历史悠久的人造地标如Fanad Head Lighthouse和Baltimore Beacon)”可知，它兼具自然和人造景观。 13．细节理解题。根据Route 66部分中“A must-visit for any road trip enthusiast(任何公路旅行爱好者的必去之地)”以及Big Sur部分中“It is well worth a visit for road-trip lovers(非常值得公路旅行爱好者前往)”可知，两者都吸引公路旅行爱好者。 Slate’s Music Club 2025 2025 was a year when music refused to stay in its lane — Latin rhythms stormed the charts, rock revived in the most unexpected forms, and global voices rose with unprecedented (史无前例的) force. Slate’s Music Club gathered a group of critics to discuss the year music, the cultural trends that drove the musical spirit, as well as our favorite albums and singles. Let’s get to know our participants, all of whom joined the Slate’s Music Club. They are Julianne, Finzi, Lindsay, and Christ. Each of them has their own favorite albums in 2025. Getting Killed Finzi’s favorite album of the year is by a young New York band called Geese. Their album is called Getting Killed. It is probably one of the most exciting rock records you have heard in years. It is strange and interesting and compulsively listenable. Beautiful Place It is a really lovely combination of sort of deadpan spoken word poetry with exciting guitar sounds and all sorts of electronics going on. It is just kind of speaking to something in Lindsay’s heart about the overwhelm of the modern condition. Country Julianne’s favorite album is Cleo Reed’s Country. It is a really epic folk album about the state of work in the U.S. from the perspective of a hopeful black person living in New York. Her other album pick is Lido Pimienta’s La Belleza. It is a symphonic journey through Afro-Colombian rhythms with a Medellin Philharmonic. Debi Tirar Mas Fotos Christ’s favorite is Bad Bunny’s Debi Tirar Mas Fotos, which is emerging as the possible favorite at the Grammys, let alone the subject of a forthcoming Super Bowl halftime show. This album is the most-streamed in the world and has been ever since it came out in January. 14．Which album might be appealing to electronics-lovers? A．Beautiful Place. B．La Belleza. C．Country. D．Debi Tirar Mas Fotos. 15．Who is fond of folk music? A．Finzi. B．Lindsay. C．Julianne. D．Christ. 16．What can we infer about Bad Bunny’s Debi Tirar Mas Fotos? A．It was released at the end of 2025. B．It has received wide popularity and attention. C．It is a folk album about American working conditions. D．It was created in cooperation with a famous orchestra. 【答案】14．A 15．C 16．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了Slate音乐俱乐部四位评论家各自2025年最喜爱的音乐专辑。 【详解】14．细节理解题。根据Beautiful Place部分中“It is a really lovely combination of sort of deadpan spoken word poetry with exciting guitar sounds and all sorts of electronics going on.(这是一种非常美妙的组合，将冷冰冰的口语诗歌与令人兴奋的吉他声和各种电子音效融为一体)”可知，这张专辑包含大量电子音效，可能吸引电子音乐爱好者。 15．细节理解题。根据Country部分中“Julianne’s favorite album is Cleo Reed’s Country. It is a really epic folk album about the state of work in the U.S. from the perspective of a hopeful black person living in New York.(Julianne最喜爱的专辑是Cleo Reed的Country。这是一张非常史诗般的民谣专辑，从一位生活在纽约、充满希望的黑人的视角，讲述了美国的工作状况)”可知，Julianne喜爱民谣音乐。 16．推理判断题。根据Debi Tirar Mas Fotos部分中“Christ’s favorite is Bad Bunny’s Debi Tirar Mas Fotos, which is emerging as the possible favorite at the Grammys, let alone the subject of a forthcoming Super Bowl halftime show. This album is the most-streamed in the world and has been ever since it came out in January.(Christ最喜爱的是Bad Bunny的Debi Tirar Mas Fotos，这张专辑正逐渐成为格莱美奖的热门候选，更不用说它还是即将到来的超级碗中场秀的主题了。这张专辑是世界上播放量最高的，自一月份发布以来一直如此)”可知，这张专辑获得了极高的人气和广泛关注。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $