专题05 主语从句（暑假复习讲义）新高二英语人教版

专题05 主语从句 考点序号 考点聚焦 从属连词 that / whether that 无词义，引导陈述事实的主语从句，句首不可省；whether 表“是否”，可置于句首，if 不能引导句首主语从句 连接代词（what, who, which, whatever, whoever 等） what = the thing that，在从句中作主语/宾语/表语；who/which 表疑问或选择；-ever 表“无论……” 连接副词（when, where, why, how 等） 在从句中作状语，保留疑问含义，从句用陈述语序 it 作形式主语 避免头重脚轻，真正主语从句后置。常见句型：It + be + adj./n./过去分词 + that 从句；It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 主语从句的主谓一致 单个从句作主语谓语用单数；what 从句谓语由表语单复数决定；and 连接两个从句谓语用复数 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一：从属连词 that 和 whether 引导主语从句 【知识精讲】 1. that 引导主语从句 that 在主语从句中不作任何成分，也没有词义，只起连接作用。that 引导的从句表示一个事实。 That the earth moves around the sun is known to all. That he failed the exam surprised nobody. 注意：that 引导的主语从句置于句首时，that 不能省略。只有当 it 作形式主语，从句后置时，that 才可以省略（但正式文体中通常保留）。 2. whether 引导主语从句 whether 表示“是否”，引导的主语从句可置于句首，也可用 it 形式主语后置。 Whether she will come is still unknown. It is still unknown whether she will come. 辨析：if 不能引导置于句首的主语从句。以下表达错误： ❌ If he will come is uncertain. ✅ Whether he will come is uncertain. ✅ It is uncertain if/whether he will come. （it 形式主语时可用 if） 巧记：句首主语用 whether，if 永远不独立；形式主语 it 帮忙，if/whether 皆可放。 【典例破题】 例题（2024·全国甲卷·改编）语法填空 __________ we will hold the sports meeting depends on the weather. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用 that, whether, if 填空（必要时大写）。 1. __________ we need more equipment is obvious. 2. __________ he will attend the conference is not decided yet. 3. It is uncertain __________ the train will arrive on time. 考点二：连接代词（what, who, which, whoever, whatever 等）引导主语从句 【知识精讲】 连接代词在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，具有词义，不能省略。 连接代词 含义 在从句中的作用 示例 what “……的东西/事情” 主、宾、表 What he said is true. who “谁” 主、表 Who will go is unknown. whom “谁”（宾格） 宾 Whom we should invite is a question. which “哪一个” 主、宾、定 Which team wins doesn’t matter. whose “谁的” 定 Whose book this is is a mystery. whatever “无论什么” 主、宾、表 Whatever you do is right. whoever “无论谁” 主、宾 Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 辨析：what 与 that 的核心区别 what = the thing(s) that / the person that，在从句中作成分。 that 只起连接作用，不作成分。 比较： What you need is more practice.（what 作 need 的宾语） That you need more practice is obvious.（that 无成分，从句完整） 巧记：what 和 that 要分清，有无成分是明灯。what 作主宾表，that 只连接不作声。 【典例破题】 例题（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）语法填空 __________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用适当的连接代词填空。 1. __________ breaks the school rules will be punished. 2. __________ we need now is not money but time. 3. __________ book you choose is fine with me. 4. __________ will be sent to work there has not been decided. 5. __________ caused the accident is still under investigation. 6. You can take __________ you like. 考点三：连接副词（when, where, why, how）引导主语从句 【知识精讲】 连接副词在主语从句中作状语，保留疑问含义，但从句必须用陈述语序。 连接副词 含义 在从句中的作用 示例 when “什么时候” 时间状语 When we will start hasn’t been decided. where “在哪里” 地点状语 Where the meeting will be held is unknown. why “为什么” 原因状语 Why he was late puzzled the teacher. how “如何，怎样” 方式状语 How we can solve the problem is a challenge. 注意：主语从句中，无论原疑问句是什么语序，一律改为陈述语序。 ❌ When will we start hasn’t been decided. （疑问语序，错误） ✅ When we will start hasn’t been decided. （陈述语序，正确） 辨析：连接副词与关系副词的区别 连接副词引导主语从句，在从句中作状语，有疑问含义。 关系副词引导定语从句，先行词是时间/地点名词。 比较： When we will leave is not decided.（主语从句，when 作状语） I remember the day when we left.（定语从句，when 指代 the day） 【典例破题】 例题（2022·北京卷）语法填空 It’s easy to explain __________ we determine smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用 when, where, why, how 填空。 1. __________ she became so interested in poetry is a long story. 2. __________ we will gather tomorrow hasn’t been decided. 3. __________ he managed to finish the work in one day is a mystery. 4. __________ the accident happened is still unknown. 5. __________ she left without saying goodbye made us confused. 6. __________ we can improve our English is a hot topic. 考点四：it 作形式主语 【知识精讲】 当主语从句较长时，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语从句后置，使句子更加平衡。 常见句型结构： 结构 示例 It + be + 形容词 + that 从句 It is important that we study hard. It + be + 名词 + that 从句 It is a pity that you missed the concert. It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句 It is said that the meeting has been cancelled. It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 It seems that he is telling the truth. It + 及物动词 + 宾语 + that 从句 It doesn’t matter whether you come or not. 注意： 1. 在 “It is + adj. + that 从句” 句型中，形容词表示重要性、必要性、建议、惊奇等（如 important, necessary, strange, natural）时，that 从句中常用 “should + 动词原形” 虚拟语气，should 可以省略。 It is necessary that he should go / go there at once. 2. 在 “It is + 过去分词 + that 从句” 中，过去分词为 suggested, ordered, required, demanded 等时，从句也要用虚拟语气。 It is suggested that we should hold / hold a meeting. 巧记：头重脚轻 it 帮忙，真正主语往后放。形容重要和惊奇，should 省略也无妨。 【典例破题】 例题（2020·江苏卷）语法填空 It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用适当的引导词填空。 1. It is certain __________ he will come to the party. 2. It doesn’t matter __________ you go by bus or by train. 3. It is said __________ the new bridge will be completed next month. 4. It is necessary that every student __________ (wear) a school uniform. 5. It remains to be seen __________ the new policy will work. 6. It occurred to me __________ I had left my keys at home. 考点五：主语从句的主谓一致 【知识精讲】 主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循以下规则： 情况 谓语动词 示例 单个从句作主语 一般用单数 That he is honest is known to all. what 引导的从句，表语为单数 单数 What he needs is a good rest. what 引导的从句，表语为复数 复数 What we need are good books. 两个以上由 and 连接的从句 复数 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided. 由连接词 + 主语 + 谓语的单一从句 单数 When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided. 注意：what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词的单复数通常由表语的数决定。这是高考高频考点。 What he wants is a new car.（表语 a new car 单数） What he wants are new cars.（表语 new cars 复数） 易错点：不要把主语从句内部的复数名词误当作主语的数。 错误：What he have done are wrong. 正确：What he has done is wrong.（整体看作一件事） 【典例破题】 例题（2018·天津卷·改编）语法填空 What the children need __________ (be) more love and care. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. That he will refuse the invitation __________ (be) expected. 2. What she bought yesterday __________ (be) two dresses. 3. When the meeting will be held __________ (have) not been decided. 4. What he said at the meeting __________ (be) very important. 5. Whether she will join us __________ (depend) on her schedule. 6. When they will set off and where they will go __________ (have) not been discussed yet. 一、单项选择 1．From my perspective, ________ matters most on one’s road to success is perseverance. A．which B．who C．why D．what 2．________ they would support us was still a problem. A．What B．That C．Whether D．Which 3．Didn’t it ever occur to you ________ the English poem was about? Understanding its theme is the most important thing. A．what B．that C．how D．whether 4．________ she chose to study abroad was a difficult decision for her family. A．What B．That C．Whether D．How 5．________the plan will be carried out on time depends on your cooperation. A．If B．That C．Whether D．Why 6．______ we have achieved during the past 40-plus years of reform and opening-up shows that reform is the key to boosting productivity. A．What B．How C．That D．Whether 7．______the author of the book intends to express is not the loneliness of being trapped on a deserted island but the faith in overcoming any problem ahead. A．That B．How C．What D．Why 8．It is entirely true __________ children learn more from people they like. $o, try to be friends with them. A．what B．that C．why D．how 9．________ I believe you or not is unimportant now. A．If B．When C．Whether D．Why 10．I never doubt________he is an honest man.________I doubt is________he’ll come on time this time. A．whether; That; when B．that; What; whether C．whether; What; whether D．that; Why; whether 二、完成句子 11．It is a fact ________English is being accepted as an international language. （用适当的词填空） 12．In short, this technology is transforming the way we live. ______.（根据句意填空） 13．_______ (我们需要的) is to learn to appreciate inner beauty rather than just appearance. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 14．________ can’t afford to go to school shall be sponsored by our company. 上不起学的人都将受到我们公司的资助。 15． we do should be good for the coexistence of humans and nature.(用适当的词填空) 16．As a matter of fact, the sun rises in the morning varies from place to place. (用适当的词填空) 17．It remains to be seen weather-tracking system can prevent many disasters. (用适当的词填空) 18． we need are your two New Year’s (resolve). (所给词的适当形式填空) 19． traditional Chinese calligraphy reflects is celebrated not just as an art form but as a philosophical practice rooted in millennia-old (有千年历史的) spiritual traditions — the artist’s inner harmony with nature. (用适当的词填空) 20．It never occurred to me you could persuade him to change his mind. （按要求补全句子） 三、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace. About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 21 was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is   22 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said. To guarantee the 23 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 24 (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 25 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the  Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display. Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 26 (bring) many changes to the world’s 27 (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 28 (treasure) come alive again. “ 29 matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 30 people’s daily lives,” he said. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 主语从句 考点序号 考点聚焦 从属连词 that / whether that 无词义，引导陈述事实的主语从句，句首不可省；whether 表“是否”，可置于句首，if 不能引导句首主语从句 连接代词（what, who, which, whatever, whoever 等） what = the thing that，在从句中作主语/宾语/表语；who/which 表疑问或选择；-ever 表“无论……” 连接副词（when, where, why, how 等） 在从句中作状语，保留疑问含义，从句用陈述语序 it 作形式主语 避免头重脚轻，真正主语从句后置。常见句型：It + be + adj./n./过去分词 + that 从句；It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 主语从句的主谓一致 单个从句作主语谓语用单数；what 从句谓语由表语单复数决定；and 连接两个从句谓语用复数 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一：从属连词 that 和 whether 引导主语从句 【知识精讲】 1. that 引导主语从句 that 在主语从句中不作任何成分，也没有词义，只起连接作用。that 引导的从句表示一个事实。 That the earth moves around the sun is known to all. That he failed the exam surprised nobody. 注意：that 引导的主语从句置于句首时，that 不能省略。只有当 it 作形式主语，从句后置时，that 才可以省略（但正式文体中通常保留）。 2. whether 引导主语从句 whether 表示“是否”，引导的主语从句可置于句首，也可用 it 形式主语后置。 Whether she will come is still unknown. It is still unknown whether she will come. 辨析：if 不能引导置于句首的主语从句。以下表达错误： ❌ If he will come is uncertain. ✅ Whether he will come is uncertain. ✅ It is uncertain if/whether he will come. （it 形式主语时可用 if） 巧记：句首主语用 whether，if 永远不独立；形式主语 it 帮忙，if/whether 皆可放。 【典例破题】 例题（2024·全国甲卷·改编）语法填空 __________ we will hold the sports meeting depends on the weather. 【思路点拨】 ① 空格在句首，引导主语从句；② 从句“we will hold the sports meeting”意思完整，不缺主宾表；③ 需要表达“是否”的含义；④ 句首只能用 whether，不能用 if。故填 Whether。 【方法提炼】 主语从句引导词选择两步法： 1. 看从句是否完整（不缺主宾表状）→ 用 that（事实）或 whether（是否） 2. 若表“是否”且从句在句首 → 必用 whether 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用 that, whether, if 填空（必要时大写）。 1. __________ we need more equipment is obvious. 2. __________ he will attend the conference is not decided yet. 3. It is uncertain __________ the train will arrive on time. 参考答案与解析： 1. That（陈述事实，“我们需要更多设备”） 2. Whether（句首表“是否”） 3. whether/if（it 形式主语，可用 whether 或 if） 考点二：连接代词（what, who, which, whoever, whatever 等）引导主语从句 【知识精讲】 连接代词在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，具有词义，不能省略。 连接代词 含义 在从句中的作用 示例 what “……的东西/事情” 主、宾、表 What he said is true. who “谁” 主、表 Who will go is unknown. whom “谁”（宾格） 宾 Whom we should invite is a question. which “哪一个” 主、宾、定 Which team wins doesn’t matter. whose “谁的” 定 Whose book this is is a mystery. whatever “无论什么” 主、宾、表 Whatever you do is right. whoever “无论谁” 主、宾 Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 辨析：what 与 that 的核心区别 what = the thing(s) that / the person that，在从句中作成分。 that 只起连接作用，不作成分。 比较： What you need is more practice.（what 作 need 的宾语） That you need more practice is obvious.（that 无成分，从句完整） 巧记：what 和 that 要分清，有无成分是明灯。what 作主宾表，that 只连接不作声。 【典例破题】 例题（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）语法填空 __________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 【思路点拨】 ① 空格引导主语从句，在从句中作主语（is so breathtaking 的主语）；② 表示“……的东西/事情”；③ 应用 what。故填 What。 【方法提炼】 连接代词选择三步法： 看从句缺什么成分（主/宾/表/定） 根据语义选择 what/who/which/whose 若表示“无论……”，用 -ever 形式 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用适当的连接代词填空。 1. __________ breaks the school rules will be punished. 2. __________ we need now is not money but time. 3. __________ book you choose is fine with me. 4. __________ will be sent to work there has not been decided. 5. __________ caused the accident is still under investigation. 6. You can take __________ you like. 参考答案与解析： 1. Whoever（“无论谁”，作主语） 2. What（“……的东西”，作 need 的宾语） 3. Whichever（“无论哪一个”，作 book 的定语） 4. Who（“谁”，作主语） 5. What（“什么”，作主语） 6. whatever（“无论什么”，作 like 的宾语） 考点三：连接副词（when, where, why, how）引导主语从句 【知识精讲】 连接副词在主语从句中作状语，保留疑问含义，但从句必须用陈述语序。 连接副词 含义 在从句中的作用 示例 when “什么时候” 时间状语 When we will start hasn’t been decided. where “在哪里” 地点状语 Where the meeting will be held is unknown. why “为什么” 原因状语 Why he was late puzzled the teacher. how “如何，怎样” 方式状语 How we can solve the problem is a challenge. 注意：主语从句中，无论原疑问句是什么语序，一律改为陈述语序。 ❌ When will we start hasn’t been decided. （疑问语序，错误） ✅ When we will start hasn’t been decided. （陈述语序，正确） 辨析：连接副词与关系副词的区别 连接副词引导主语从句，在从句中作状语，有疑问含义。 关系副词引导定语从句，先行词是时间/地点名词。 比较： When we will leave is not decided.（主语从句，when 作状语） I remember the day when we left.（定语从句，when 指代 the day） 【典例破题】 例题（2022·北京卷）语法填空 It’s easy to explain __________ we determine smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 【思路点拨】 ① 空格引导宾语从句（explain 的宾语），但原理与主语从句相同；② 从句“we determine smells are dangerous or not”中，determine 后接 whether…or not 结构，缺少方式状语；③ 表示“如何判断”用 how。故填 how。 【方法提炼】 连接副词判断： 从句主干完整（主谓宾齐全），缺状语 → 用 when/where/why/how 根据语义选择：时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(why)、方式(how) 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用 when, where, why, how 填空。 1. __________ she became so interested in poetry is a long story. 2. __________ we will gather tomorrow hasn’t been decided. 3. __________ he managed to finish the work in one day is a mystery. 4. __________ the accident happened is still unknown. 5. __________ she left without saying goodbye made us confused. 6. __________ we can improve our English is a hot topic. 参考答案与解析： 1. How（方式，“如何变得感兴趣”） 2. When（时间，“何时集合”） 3. How（方式，“如何做到的”） 4. Where（地点，“事故在哪里发生”） 5. Why（原因，“为什么离开”） 6. How（方式，“如何提高英语”） 考点四：it 作形式主语 【知识精讲】 当主语从句较长时，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语从句后置，使句子更加平衡。 常见句型结构： 结构 示例 It + be + 形容词 + that 从句 It is important that we study hard. It + be + 名词 + that 从句 It is a pity that you missed the concert. It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句 It is said that the meeting has been cancelled. It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 It seems that he is telling the truth. It + 及物动词 + 宾语 + that 从句 It doesn’t matter whether you come or not. 注意： 1. 在 “It is + adj. + that 从句” 句型中，形容词表示重要性、必要性、建议、惊奇等（如 important, necessary, strange, natural）时，that 从句中常用 “should + 动词原形” 虚拟语气，should 可以省略。 It is necessary that he should go / go there at once. 2. 在 “It is + 过去分词 + that 从句” 中，过去分词为 suggested, ordered, required, demanded 等时，从句也要用虚拟语气。 It is suggested that we should hold / hold a meeting. 巧记：头重脚轻 it 帮忙，真正主语往后放。形容重要和惊奇，should 省略也无妨。 【典例破题】 例题（2020·江苏卷）语法填空 It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time. 【思路点拨】 ① it 作形式主语，空格后是真正主语从句；② 从句“we can win the battle”意思完整，不缺成分；③ 根据句意“我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，需要表达“是否”；④ 用 whether。故填 whether。 【方法提炼】 it 形式主语解题三步法： 1. 识别 it 在句首，后跟 be + 表语 + 从句 2. 判断从句是否缺成分 3. 根据句意选择 that（事实）或 whether（是否）或连接代词/副词 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用适当的引导词填空。 1. It is certain __________ he will come to the party. 2. It doesn’t matter __________ you go by bus or by train. 3. It is said __________ the new bridge will be completed next month. 4. It is necessary that every student __________ (wear) a school uniform. 5. It remains to be seen __________ the new policy will work. 6. It occurred to me __________ I had left my keys at home. 参考答案与解析： 1. that（事实，“他一定会来”） 2. whether（“是否”，or not 提示选择） 3. that（据说的事实） 4. (should) wear（necessary 后虚拟语气，should 可省） 5. whether（“是否有效”） 6. that（“我突然想到”，that 引导事实从句） 考点五：主语从句的主谓一致 【知识精讲】 主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循以下规则： 情况 谓语动词 示例 单个从句作主语 一般用单数 That he is honest is known to all. what 引导的从句，表语为单数 单数 What he needs is a good rest. what 引导的从句，表语为复数 复数 What we need are good books. 两个以上由 and 连接的从句 复数 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided. 由连接词 + 主语 + 谓语的单一从句 单数 When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided. 注意：what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词的单复数通常由表语的数决定。这是高考高频考点。 What he wants is a new car.（表语 a new car 单数） What he wants are new cars.（表语 new cars 复数） 易错点：不要把主语从句内部的复数名词误当作主语的数。 错误：What he have done are wrong. 正确：What he has done is wrong.（整体看作一件事） 【典例破题】 例题（2018·天津卷·改编）语法填空 What the children need __________ (be) more love and care. 【思路点拨】 ① what 引导的主语从句作主语；② 表语“more love and care”中，love and care 视为不可数概念的复合，一般用单数；③ 也可理解为“需要的东西是爱和关怀”，整体作为单数。故填 is。 【方法提炼】 主谓一致判定： 单一从句作主语，谓语一般用单数 what 从句，看表语：表语单/不可数 → is；表语复数 → are 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. That he will refuse the invitation __________ (be) expected. 2. What she bought yesterday __________ (be) two dresses. 3. When the meeting will be held __________ (have) not been decided. 4. What he said at the meeting __________ (be) very important. 5. Whether she will join us __________ (depend) on her schedule. 6. When they will set off and where they will go __________ (have) not been discussed yet. 参考答案与解析： 1. is（单个 that 从句，单数） 2. are（what 从句，表语 two dresses 复数） 3. has（单一从句，单数） 4. is（what 从句，表语 important 形容词，视为单数） 5. depends（单一 whether 从句，单数） 6. have（两个由 and 连接的从句，复数） 一、单项选择 1．From my perspective, ________ matters most on one’s road to success is perseverance. A．which B．who C．why D．what 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：在我看来，在一个人的成功之路上最重要的是毅力。在主语从句中缺少主语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故选D。 2．________ they would support us was still a problem. A．What B．That C．Whether D．Which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：是否他们会支持我们仍然是个问题。空格处引导主语从句，从句不缺主语、宾语等核心成分，句子核心表达“他们是否会支持我们”的疑问，Whether恰好对应“是否”的含义。 3．Didn’t it ever occur to you ________ the English poem was about? Understanding its theme is the most important thing. A．what B．that C．how D．whether 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：你难道从来没想过这首英文诗是关于什么的吗？理解它的主题是最重要的。“it”为形式主语，真正的主语是空格处引导的主语从句，从句中缺少介词“about”的宾语，表示“关于什么”，应用what引导。故选A项。 4．________ she chose to study abroad was a difficult decision for her family. A．What B．That C．Whether D．How 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：她选择去国外学习对她的家人来说是一个困难的决定。空处引导主语从句，从句成分和意义都完整，用连接词that引导，故选B。 5．________the plan will be carried out on time depends on your cooperation. A．If B．That C．Whether D．Why 【答案】C 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这个计划是否能按时执行取决于你们的合作。空处引导主语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词表示“是否”，需用连接词whether引导。故选C。 6．______ we have achieved during the past 40-plus years of reform and opening-up shows that reform is the key to boosting productivity. A．What B．How C．That D．Whether 【答案】A 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：改革开放40多年的实践证明，改革是提高生产力的关键。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事情，用what引导主语从句，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故选A。 7．______the author of the book intends to express is not the loneliness of being trapped on a deserted island but the faith in overcoming any problem ahead. A．That B．How C．What D．Why 【答案】C 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：这本书的作者想要表达的不是被困在荒岛上的孤独感，而是克服未来任何问题的信念。分析句子可知，______the author of the book intends to express在句中作主语，是主语从句，从句中缺少express的宾语，空格处在这里表示“什么”，故用what，选C项。 8．It is entirely true __________ children learn more from people they like. $o, try to be friends with them. A．what B．that C．why D．how 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：孩子们从他们喜欢的人那里学到更多东西是完全正确的。所以，试着和他们做朋友。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。故选B。 9．________ I believe you or not is unimportant now. A．If B．When C．Whether D．Why 【答案】C 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我是否相信你现在已经不重要了。空处引导主语从句，从句主干成份完整，根据句中or not可知，此处应用whether引导。故选C。 10．I never doubt________he is an honest man.________I doubt is________he’ll come on time this time. A．whether; That; when B．that; What; whether C．whether; What; whether D．that; Why; whether 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句、主语从句和表语从句。句意：我从未怀疑过他是一个诚实的人。我所怀疑的是他这次是否会按时来。doubt作动词时，用于肯定句中，其后接由whether/if引导的宾语从句；用于否定句中，其后接由that引导的宾语从句。doubt后的表语从句常用whether引导，又因为主语从句“________I doubt”中所缺少的成分是宾语，要使用连接词what，故选择B项。 二、完成句子 11．It is a fact ________English is being accepted as an international language. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：事实上，英语正被接受为一种国际语言。分析句子结构可知，本句中it是形式主语，由连接词that引导主语从句为真正的主语，无词意，在从句中不做任何成份。故填that。 12．In short, this technology is transforming the way we live. ______.（根据句意填空） 【答案】It is clear that we are at a turning point in history 【详解】考查主语从句和短语。句意：简而言之，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。很明显，我们正处于历史的转折点。根据课文所学及句意可知，表达“很明显”可用句型it is clear that...，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。“我们正处于历史的转折点”可表达为we are at a turning point in history，从句为主系表结构，不缺少主要成分，用that引导。故填：It is clear that we are at a turning point in history。 13．_______ (我们需要的) is to learn to appreciate inner beauty rather than just appearance. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】What we need 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们需要的是学会欣赏内在美而不仅仅是外表。分析句子结构可知，“我们需要的”在句中作主语，可以用主语从句，时态用一般现在时，表示我们需要用“we need”，从句缺少宾语，指代事物，应用what引导该从句，句首单词，首字母大写。故填What we need。 14．________ can’t afford to go to school shall be sponsored by our company. 上不起学的人都将受到我们公司的资助。 【答案】whoever 【详解】考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句，在从句作主语，此处为泛指，表示“任何人”用whoever。故填Whoever。 15． we do should be good for the coexistence of humans and nature.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】Whatever 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：无论我们做什么都应该有利于人类与自然的共存。Whatever we do是主语从句，Whatever引导该从句，在从句中作do宾语，同时表达“无论什么”的含义，首字母大写。故填Whatever。 16．As a matter of fact, the sun rises in the morning varies from place to place. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：事实上，早上太阳升起的时间因地而异。分析句子结构和意思可知，是主语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文需要表示时间的连接词，用when引导。故填when。 17．It remains to be seen weather-tracking system can prevent many disasters. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether/if 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：天气跟踪系统能否预防许多灾害还有待观察。it作为形式主语，空处引导主语从句，做真正的主语，从句成分完整，需用连接词引导。it作为形式主语时，表示“是否”可用whether或if引导主语从句。故填whether或if。 18． we need are your two New Year’s (resolve). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 What resolutions 【详解】考查主语从句和名词。句意：我们需要的是你的两个新年决心。第一空，空处引导主语从句，并在从句里作宾语，故用what表示“什么”，位于句首首字母大写；第二空，空处应用名词resolution“决心”在句中作表语，由two可知，应用复数形式。故填①What；②resolutions。 19． traditional Chinese calligraphy reflects is celebrated not just as an art form but as a philosophical practice rooted in millennia-old (有千年历史的) spiritual traditions — the artist’s inner harmony with nature. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：中国传统书法所体现的内涵，不仅被视作一种艺术形式，更被推崇为一种植根于数千年精神传统的哲学修行—— 即书写者内心与自然的和谐统一。设空处引导主语从句，从句中reflects 缺少宾语，指物，用连接代词what引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。 20．It never occurred to me you could persuade him to change his mind. （按要求补全句子） 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我从没想到过你能说服他改变主意。It是形式主语，真正的主语是_____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind这一主语从句，且从句不缺成分，句意完整，所以用that引导。故填that。 【点睛】 三、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace. About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 21 was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is   22 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said. To guarantee the 23 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 24 (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 25 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the  Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display. Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 26 (bring) many changes to the world’s 27 (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 28 (treasure) come alive again. “ 29 matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 30 people’s daily lives,” he said. 【答案】 21．whom 22．truly 23．safety 24．planning 25．themselves 26．has brought 27．largest 28．treasures 29．What 30．to 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了故宫博物院94年来首次延长开放时间，允许公众在晚上在这座古老的宫殿里庆祝元宵节，并且吸引了很多游客。 21．考查定语从句连接词。句意：大约3000名幸运的游客获得了政府的免费门票，其中包括77岁的公安志愿者张志福。whom引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词visitors，且在定语从句中作介词among的宾语，指人，故填whom。 22．考查副词。句意：张说:“能被授予这样的特权真的是我的荣幸。”副词修饰整句话，故填truly。。 23．考查名词。句意：为了保证故宫的安全，今年元宵节活动的组织者使用LED灯而不是传统的纸灯笼和红蜡烛。根据the可知填写名词，博物馆的安全，故填safety。 24．考查非谓语动词。organizers与plan是主动关系，故填现在分词做后置定语，故填planning。 25．考查反身代词。句意：这是一个吸引人的事件，让游客沉浸在博物馆的节日气氛中。短语absorb oneself in表示“集中注意力在……上”，指代visitors，故填themselves。 26．考查动词时态。句意：自从成为故宫博物院院长以来，单霁翔给这个世界上最大的皇家建筑群带来了许多变化。根据since可知填写现在完成时，主语是单数名词，故填has brought。 27．考查形容词最高级。句意：世界上最大的皇家建筑群。根据句意可知应填形容词最高级，故填largest。 28．考查名词的数。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasures。 29．考查名词性从句连接词。句意：“对博物馆来说，重要的不是有多少游客，而是他们离人们的日常生活有多近，”他说。what引导主语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填What。 30．考查介词。短语be close to表示“靠近，接近”，故填介词to。 【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。如第九小题，为主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，指物，故应填What。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $