专题03 情态动词与过去将来时（暑假复习讲义）新高二英语人教版

专题03 情态动词与过去将来时 考点序号 考点聚焦 情态动词表能力/许可/义务 can/could表能力；may/might/can/could表许可；must/have to表义务；should/ought to表建议。高频语境：日常交际、校规、建议类 情态动词表推测（对现在/过去） 对现在：must be / may/might/could be / can‘t be；对过去：must have done / may have done / can’t have done。每年必考1-2题 情态动词+have done表虚拟 should have done（本应做而未做）；needn't have done（本不必做而做了）；could have done（本能够做）。易错点：虚拟与推测的区分 过去将来时的四种结构 would do（最常用）；was/were going to do（计划未实现）；was/were about to do...when...（正要……这时）；was/were to do（注定/计划）。宾语从句、记叙文高频 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 情态动词基本形式回顾 情态动词 过去式 否定式（缩略） 核心表意 can could can‘t / cannot 能力、可能、许可 may might may not 可能、许可、祝愿 must — mustn’t 必须、一定（推测） shall should shan‘t 征求对方意见、允诺/警告（二三人称） will would won’t 意愿、习惯、请求 ought to — oughtn‘t to 应该、理应 dare dared daren’t 敢（多用于否定/疑问） need — needn‘t 需要（多用于否定/疑问） ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 【模块一】情态动词核心用法 考点一：表能力（can / could / be able to） 【知识精讲】 情态动词 用法 示例 can 表示现在或一般情况下的能力 She can speak three languages. could 表示过去一般能力（不强调是否成功） When I was 5, I could swim. was/were able to 过去某特定场合经过努力成功做成某事 After hours of rescue, they were able to save the boy. 辨析：could只表过去具备的能力（不强调结果）；was/were able to强调“成功做到了”，相当于managed to do / succeeded in doing。 He could run fast when he was young.（过去有能力） He was able to escape from the fire yesterday.（具体场合成功逃脱） 【典例破题】 例题（2024·浙江模拟）语法填空 With the help of the new technology, we __________ (can) finish the project ahead of time last month. 【巩固提升】（5小题，限时4分钟） 用can, could, be able to的适当形式填空。 1. I __________ run very fast when I was in primary school. 2. After trying many times, he finally __________ solve the math problem. 3. No one __________ answer the difficult question except Tom. 4. She __________ play the piano beautifully since she was six. 5. The firemen __________ rescue all the people from the burning building. 考点二：表许可与请求（may/might/can/could/would） 【知识精讲】 情态动词 语气 示例 Can I...? 非正式，口语常用 Can I borrow your pen? Could I/you...? 委婉，常用 Could you tell me the way? May I...? 正式，礼貌 May I come in? Might I...? 最正式，极少用 Might I make a suggestion? Would you...? 委婉请求 Would you please help me? 肯定回答：Yes, you can/may. 否定回答（拒绝许可）：No, you can’t / mustn‘t（不可用may not）。 表禁止：mustn’t（绝对禁止），语气强于can‘t。 注意：校园规则、法律条文等正式语境中，常用shall not表禁止。如：Students shall not leave the campus without permission. 【典例破题】 例题（2022·全国乙卷）短文改错 Could I use your computer? Yes, you could. 【巩固提升】（5小题，限时4分钟） 用恰当的情态动词填空。 1. __________ I ask you a personal question? Yes, you may. 2. __________ you please pass me the salt? Certainly. 3. You __________ smoke in the hospital. It’s strictly forbidden. 4. __________ I leave early today? No, you must stay until 5. 5. Students __________ use mobile phones during the exam, according to school rules. 考点三：表义务、责任与建议（must / have to / should / ought to） 【知识精讲】 情态动词 含义 特点 must 必须（主观） 说话人的意志，无时态变化 have to 不得不（客观） 外界迫使，有各种时态 should / ought to 应该（建议、道德责任） 语气较must弱，ought to更正式 need 需要（疑问/否定） 情态动词时无人称变化 辨析： I must finish my homework.（自己觉得必须） I have to finish my homework because the teacher will check it.（老师要检查，客观要求） You should see a doctor.（建议） You ought to respect your parents.（道德责任） must问句的否定回答： Must I go now? No, you needn't / don’t have to.（不可用mustn‘t，因为mustn’t表“禁止”） 【典例破题】 例题（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）语法填空 Must I hand in the report today? No, you __________. You can give it to me tomorrow. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用must, have to, should, ought to, need的适当形式填空。 1. You __________ be quiet in the library. It’s a rule. 2. I __________ finish this work today, otherwise I‘ll lose my job. 3. You __________ tell lies. It’s dishonest. 4. __________ I attend the meeting? No, you needn't. 5. You look pale. You __________ go to see a doctor. 6. She __________ work on weekends because her company is busy. 考点四：情态动词表推测（对现在/将来） 【知识精讲】 1. 肯定推测（可能性由大到小） 情态动词 含义 用法限制 must 一定，肯定 只用于肯定句 may 可能 肯定/否定均可 might 也许（可能性更小） 肯定/否定均可 could 可能（委婉） 肯定/否定均可 He must be at home. The light is on.（一定在家） She may know the answer.（可能知道） It might rain later.（也许会下雨） That could be true.（可能是真的） 2. 否定推测（可能性） 情态动词 含义 说明 can‘t / couldn’t 不可能 最强否定，must的否定式 may not / might not 可能不 弱否定 He can‘t be in the office. I saw him leave.（不可能） She may not come to the party.（可能不来） 注意：must表推测只用于肯定句；疑问句中的推测用can/could。如：Can it be true?（可能是真的吗？） 【典例破题】 例题（2024·八省联考）语法填空 The man standing at the gate __________ be our new headmaster, because I saw him in the office just now. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用must, may, might, could, can‘t填空。 1. You’ve been working all day. You __________ be tired. 2. The phone is ringing. It __________ be your mother, but I‘m not sure. 3. She __________ be at home. Her car is not in the garage. 4. __________ that be true? I can hardly believe it. 5. He __________ come tomorrow, but he hasn’t decided yet. 6. You‘ve just eaten a big meal. You __________ be hungry already. 【模块二】情态动词+have done（对过去的推测与虚拟） 考点五：对过去的推测 【知识精讲】 结构 含义 用法 例句 must have done 过去一定做了 肯定推测，可能性极大 He must have forgotten our appointment. may/might/could have done 过去可能做了 可能性较小的推测 She may have missed the bus. can‘t/couldn’t have done 过去不可能做了 否定推测 He can‘t have finished the work so soon. 辨析：对过去推测与虚拟的区别：推测表示“不确定的事实”，虚拟表示“与事实相反”。 He must have arrived yesterday.（推测：他昨天一定到了，但不确定） He should have arrived yesterday.（虚拟：他本应昨天到，但实际没到） 【典例破题】 例题（2023·全国甲卷）语法填空 I didn’t hear the phone. I __________ (be) asleep. 【巩固提升】（5小题，限时4分钟） 用“情态动词+have done”填空。 1. The ground is wet. It __________ (rain) last night. 2. She __________ (finish) her homework because she is playing outside now. 3. He is an hour late. He __________ (get) lost. 4. They __________ (arrive) yesterday, but I‘m not sure. 5. You look happy. You __________ (hear) the good news. 考点六：情态动词+have done表虚拟（本…却未…） 【知识精讲】 结构 含义 例句 should have done 本应该做（实际未做） You should have told me the truth. shouldn’t have done 本不应该做（实际做了） You shouldn’t have spent so much money. could have done 本能够做（但未做） He could have passed the exam if he had studied. might have done 本可以做（但未做） She might have helped you. needn’t have done 本不必做（实际做了） You needn’t have bought so many gifts. ought to have done 本应该做（同should） You ought to have apologized. 巧记：情态动词过去时+have done，表虚拟时意为“本……却未……”。其中should/ought to表责备，needn't表后悔，could/might表惋惜。 【典例破题】 例题（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷）语法填空 You __________ (not, buy) so many apples. We have only three people at home. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 完成句子。 1. You __________ (not, spend) all the money yesterday. We need it today. 2. She __________ (come) to the party, but she was too tired. 3. I __________ (study) harder for the exam, but I didn’t. 4. You __________ (not, tell) him the secret. Now everyone knows. 5. He __________ (win) the game, but he made a mistake. 6. I __________ (worry) about the exam. It turned out to be easy. 【模块三】过去将来时 考点七：过去将来时的四种结构 【知识精讲】 过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间点，从过去看将要发生的动作或状态。常用于宾语从句。 四种核心结构及用法 结构 用法 例句 would + do 最常用，表过去将来、意愿、习惯 He said he would come to the party. was/were going to + do 过去计划、打算做（常暗示未实现） I was going to call you, but I forgot. was/were about to + do 过去即将做（常与when连用） She was about to leave when the phone rang. was/were to + do 过去按计划/注定要做 The meeting was to be held on Monday. 注意： be about to do...when... 句型中，when后接一般过去时，不可再用将来时。 瞬间动词（leave, start, arrive等）可用过去进行时表过去将来：He said he was leaving next week. 【典例破题】 例题（2023·浙江卷）语法填空 Tom __________ (leave) when his mother called him back. 【巩固提升】（8小题，限时6分钟） 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. He told me that he __________ (return) the book the next day. 2. I __________ (go) to the cinema, but it started to rain. 3. We __________ (start) when the teacher came in. 4. She said the train __________ (arrive) at 6 pm the following day. 5. They __________ (have) a meeting, but it was canceled. 6. He __________ (leave) for Beijing when I met him. 7. I __________ (call) you yesterday, but I forgot your number. 8. The headmaster said the sports meet __________ (take place) the next week. 一、单项选择 1．He___ have attended the meeting this morning. He has been staying at my home for a whole day. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 2．It was extremely frustrating because the new security system _________ recognise my fingerprints, no matter how many times I tried. A．wouldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 3．When he was there, he _______ go to that tea house at the corner when he was free everyday. A．had better B．might C．would D．should 4．---- Did you pass the driving test? ---- No. I ______ it, but I had little time practicing. A．could have passed B．must have passed C．can’t have passed D．shouldn’t have passed 5．I love the weekend, because I ______ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．wouldn’t D．shouldn’t 6．You ________ park your bike near the school gate, as it will block the way for others. A．dare not B．must not C．need not D．might not 7．He realized that someone __________ his room. Something important was missing. A．shouldn’t have entered B．could have entered C．can’t have entered D．must have entered 8．The professor ______ sit in his study for hours when he worked on the new project. A．could B．might C．would D．should 9．When ________how a statue from distant Greece____in China, researchers explained that it was no doubta result of Alexander the Great’s influence． A．they were asked; should appear B．being asked; can have appeared C．asked; must have appeared D．asked; could have appeared 10．The Browns _______ the trains; if not, they would have been at the get-together as scheduled. A．must miss B．must have missed C．should miss D．should have missed 二、完成句子 11．By reading English articles, you can ________. You can improve your English and learn more foreign cultures. 读英文文章，你就能一举两得。你既可以提高你的英文水平又能了解更多的外国文化。 12．我们必须在明天早上以前把所有的工作都做完。（“get sth. done”结构） We must ________ ________ ________ ________ by tomorrow morning. 13．在证实他有罪之前，我们要假定他是清白的。 We must ________ ________ ________ ________ innocent until he is proved guilty. 14．She asked if we ______ (have) the exam the next day. (用适当的词填空) 15．Young people today would watch TV at home rather than (go) to the cinema. (所给词的适当形式填空） 16．They promised they (do) me a favour and ensure my safety. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．They also help you have a great smile. (用情态动词填空) 18．Only in this way you make progress in your English study. (用适当的词填空) 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据意思或所给的词，完成空格填空，使短文通顺 It was getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I 19 (wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 20 (take) out my key 21 I couldn’t find it. I suddenly remembered that I 22 (leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn’t make any difference. I knew my wife 23 (be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I 24 (knock) at the door. There was no answer, so I knocked again. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I 25 (get) angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife 26 (phone) saying that she 27 (go) shopping in the afternoon with the children. There was only one thing for me to do: I had to clime in 28 a window. It was 29 (get)dark when I 30 (get)home.It was cold and I 31 (wear)a coat.I walked up to the door and 32 (put)my hand into my pocket to take out the key，but I couldn’t find it.I suddenly 33 (remember)that I 34 (leave)it on my desk in the office.It really didn’t make any difference.I knew my wife 35 (be)at home and the children must have come back from school by then，so I   36 (knock)at the door.There was no answer.I 37 (continue)knocking at the door for sometime.I 38 (get)angry.Then I remembered something the office boy 39 (tell )me at noon.He said that my wife 40 (phone)saying that she 41 (go)shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing 42 (can do)and I 43 (shut)out of my house. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 情态动词与过去将来时 考点序号 考点聚焦 情态动词表能力/许可/义务 can/could表能力；may/might/can/could表许可；must/have to表义务；should/ought to表建议。高频语境：日常交际、校规、建议类 情态动词表推测（对现在/过去） 对现在：must be / may/might/could be / can‘t be；对过去：must have done / may have done / can’t have done。每年必考1-2题 情态动词+have done表虚拟 should have done（本应做而未做）；needn't have done（本不必做而做了）；could have done（本能够做）。易错点：虚拟与推测的区分 过去将来时的四种结构 would do（最常用）；was/were going to do（计划未实现）；was/were about to do...when...（正要……这时）；was/were to do（注定/计划）。宾语从句、记叙文高频 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 情态动词基本形式回顾 情态动词 过去式 否定式（缩略） 核心表意 can could can‘t / cannot 能力、可能、许可 may might may not 可能、许可、祝愿 must — mustn’t 必须、一定（推测） shall should shan‘t 征求对方意见、允诺/警告（二三人称） will would won’t 意愿、习惯、请求 ought to — oughtn‘t to 应该、理应 dare dared daren’t 敢（多用于否定/疑问） need — needn‘t 需要（多用于否定/疑问） ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 【模块一】情态动词核心用法 考点一：表能力（can / could / be able to） 【知识精讲】 情态动词 用法 示例 can 表示现在或一般情况下的能力 She can speak three languages. could 表示过去一般能力（不强调是否成功） When I was 5, I could swim. was/were able to 过去某特定场合经过努力成功做成某事 After hours of rescue, they were able to save the boy. 辨析：could只表过去具备的能力（不强调结果）；was/were able to强调“成功做到了”，相当于managed to do / succeeded in doing。 He could run fast when he was young.（过去有能力） He was able to escape from the fire yesterday.（具体场合成功逃脱） 【典例破题】 例题（2024·浙江模拟）语法填空 With the help of the new technology, we __________ (can) finish the project ahead of time last month. 【思路点拨】 ① 时间状语last month提示过去；② “能够完成并成功了”强调结果而非一般能力；③ 情态动词can的过去式不强调结果，故应填were able to；④ 若用could则只表“有能力但未说明是否完成”，语境暗示已完成。故填were able to。 【方法提炼】 能力表达三步定： 一般过去能力 → could 具体场合成功做成 → was/were able to 现在/一般能力 → can 【巩固提升】（5小题，限时4分钟） 用can, could, be able to的适当形式填空。 1. I __________ run very fast when I was in primary school. 2. After trying many times, he finally __________ solve the math problem. 3. No one __________ answer the difficult question except Tom. 4. She __________ play the piano beautifully since she was six. 5. The firemen __________ rescue all the people from the burning building. 参考答案： 1. could（过去一般能力） 2. was able to（成功解决） 3. could（否定句中can/could均可，此处可用could表过去能力） 4. has been able to（since从句用完成时，can无完成式） 5. were able to（具体场合成功） 考点二：表许可与请求（may/might/can/could/would） 【知识精讲】 情态动词 语气 示例 Can I...? 非正式，口语常用 Can I borrow your pen? Could I/you...? 委婉，常用 Could you tell me the way? May I...? 正式，礼貌 May I come in? Might I...? 最正式，极少用 Might I make a suggestion? Would you...? 委婉请求 Would you please help me? 肯定回答：Yes, you can/may. 否定回答（拒绝许可）：No, you can’t / mustn‘t（不可用may not）。 表禁止：mustn’t（绝对禁止），语气强于can‘t。 注意：校园规则、法律条文等正式语境中，常用shall not表禁止。如：Students shall not leave the campus without permission. 【典例破题】 例题（2022·全国乙卷）短文改错 Could I use your computer? Yes, you could. 【思路点拨】 ① 第一句Could I...是委婉请求；② 回答时不能说Yes, you could（语气不对），应用can/may；③ 故将第二个could改为can。 【方法提炼】 请求与许可的问答一致：问句用could，答句用can（肯定）或can’t/mustn‘t（否定）。may同理。 【巩固提升】（5小题，限时4分钟） 用恰当的情态动词填空。 1. __________ I ask you a personal question? Yes, you may. 2. __________ you please pass me the salt? Certainly. 3. You __________ smoke in the hospital. It’s strictly forbidden. 4. __________ I leave early today? No, you must stay until 5. 5. Students __________ use mobile phones during the exam, according to school rules. 参考答案： 1. May（正式请求） 2. Would/Could（委婉请求） 3. mustn‘t（禁止） 4. May/Can（请求许可） 5. shall not / mustn’t（规定禁止） 考点三：表义务、责任与建议（must / have to / should / ought to） 【知识精讲】 情态动词 含义 特点 must 必须（主观） 说话人的意志，无时态变化 have to 不得不（客观） 外界迫使，有各种时态 should / ought to 应该（建议、道德责任） 语气较must弱，ought to更正式 need 需要（疑问/否定） 情态动词时无人称变化 辨析： I must finish my homework.（自己觉得必须） I have to finish my homework because the teacher will check it.（老师要检查，客观要求） You should see a doctor.（建议） You ought to respect your parents.（道德责任） must问句的否定回答： Must I go now? No, you needn't / don’t have to.（不可用mustn‘t，因为mustn’t表“禁止”） 【典例破题】 例题（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）语法填空 Must I hand in the report today? No, you __________. You can give it to me tomorrow. 【思路点拨】 ① Must I...问句否定回答不能用mustn‘t；② 用needn’t或don‘t have to表示“不必”；③ 故填needn’t或don‘t have to。 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用must, have to, should, ought to, need的适当形式填空。 1. You __________ be quiet in the library. It’s a rule. 2. I __________ finish this work today, otherwise I‘ll lose my job. 3. You __________ tell lies. It’s dishonest. 4. __________ I attend the meeting? No, you needn't. 5. You look pale. You __________ go to see a doctor. 6. She __________ work on weekends because her company is busy. 参考答案： 1. must（图书馆规则，主观规定） 2. have to（客观压力） 3. mustn’t（禁止） 4. Must（问句） 5. should（建议） 6. has to（客观需要） 考点四：情态动词表推测（对现在/将来） 【知识精讲】 1. 肯定推测（可能性由大到小） 情态动词 含义 用法限制 must 一定，肯定 只用于肯定句 may 可能 肯定/否定均可 might 也许（可能性更小） 肯定/否定均可 could 可能（委婉） 肯定/否定均可 He must be at home. The light is on.（一定在家） She may know the answer.（可能知道） It might rain later.（也许会下雨） That could be true.（可能是真的） 2. 否定推测（可能性） 情态动词 含义 说明 can‘t / couldn’t 不可能 最强否定，must的否定式 may not / might not 可能不 弱否定 He can‘t be in the office. I saw him leave.（不可能） She may not come to the party.（可能不来） 注意：must表推测只用于肯定句；疑问句中的推测用can/could。如：Can it be true?（可能是真的吗？） 【典例破题】 例题（2024·八省联考）语法填空 The man standing at the gate __________ be our new headmaster, because I saw him in the office just now. 【思路点拨】 ① 后句说“刚才在办公室看见他”，说明门口的人不可能是校长；② 否定推测用can‘t；③ 故填can’t。 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用must, may, might, could, can‘t填空。 1. You’ve been working all day. You __________ be tired. 2. The phone is ringing. It __________ be your mother, but I‘m not sure. 3. She __________ be at home. Her car is not in the garage. 4. __________ that be true? I can hardly believe it. 5. He __________ come tomorrow, but he hasn’t decided yet. 6. You‘ve just eaten a big meal. You __________ be hungry already. 参考答案： 1. must（肯定推测） 2. may / might / could（可能性推测） 3. can’t（否定推测，车不在） 4. Can（疑问句推测） 5. may / might（不确定） 6. can‘t（不可能饿） 【模块二】情态动词+have done（对过去的推测与虚拟） 考点五：对过去的推测 【知识精讲】 结构 含义 用法 例句 must have done 过去一定做了 肯定推测，可能性极大 He must have forgotten our appointment. may/might/could have done 过去可能做了 可能性较小的推测 She may have missed the bus. can‘t/couldn’t have done 过去不可能做了 否定推测 He can‘t have finished the work so soon. 辨析：对过去推测与虚拟的区别：推测表示“不确定的事实”，虚拟表示“与事实相反”。 He must have arrived yesterday.（推测：他昨天一定到了，但不确定） He should have arrived yesterday.（虚拟：他本应昨天到，但实际没到） 【典例破题】 例题（2023·全国甲卷）语法填空 I didn’t hear the phone. I __________ (be) asleep. 【思路点拨】 ① 没听见电话，推测可能是睡着了；② 对过去情况的推测，可能性较大但不绝对；③ 用might have been或could have been。故填might have been。 【巩固提升】（5小题，限时4分钟） 用“情态动词+have done”填空。 1. The ground is wet. It __________ (rain) last night. 2. She __________ (finish) her homework because she is playing outside now. 3. He is an hour late. He __________ (get) lost. 4. They __________ (arrive) yesterday, but I‘m not sure. 5. You look happy. You __________ (hear) the good news. 参考答案： 1. must have rained（地面湿，推测一定下过雨） 2. can’t have finished（在外玩，不可能已完成） 3. may/might have got（可能性推测） 4. may/might have arrived（不确定） 5. must have heard（高兴，一定听说了好消息） 考点六：情态动词+have done表虚拟（本…却未…） 【知识精讲】 结构 含义 例句 should have done 本应该做（实际未做） You should have told me the truth. shouldn’t have done 本不应该做（实际做了） You shouldn’t have spent so much money. could have done 本能够做（但未做） He could have passed the exam if he had studied. might have done 本可以做（但未做） She might have helped you. needn’t have done 本不必做（实际做了） You needn’t have bought so many gifts. ought to have done 本应该做（同should） You ought to have apologized. 巧记：情态动词过去时+have done，表虚拟时意为“本……却未……”。其中should/ought to表责备，needn't表后悔，could/might表惋惜。 【典例破题】 例题（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷）语法填空 You __________ (not, buy) so many apples. We have only three people at home. 【思路点拨】 ① 家里只有三人，买太多苹果没必要且已发生；② “本不必买却买了”用needn’t have bought；③ 故填needn't have bought。 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 完成句子。 1. You __________ (not, spend) all the money yesterday. We need it today. 2. She __________ (come) to the party, but she was too tired. 3. I __________ (study) harder for the exam, but I didn’t. 4. You __________ (not, tell) him the secret. Now everyone knows. 5. He __________ (win) the game, but he made a mistake. 6. I __________ (worry) about the exam. It turned out to be easy. 参考答案： 1. shouldn‘t have spent（本不该花） 2. could have come（本能来） 3. should have studied（本应学习） 4. shouldn’t have told（本不该告诉） 5. could have won（本能赢） 6. needn't have worried（本不必担心） 【模块三】过去将来时 考点七：过去将来时的四种结构 【知识精讲】 过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间点，从过去看将要发生的动作或状态。常用于宾语从句。 四种核心结构及用法 结构 用法 例句 would + do 最常用，表过去将来、意愿、习惯 He said he would come to the party. was/were going to + do 过去计划、打算做（常暗示未实现） I was going to call you, but I forgot. was/were about to + do 过去即将做（常与when连用） She was about to leave when the phone rang. was/were to + do 过去按计划/注定要做 The meeting was to be held on Monday. 注意： be about to do...when... 句型中，when后接一般过去时，不可再用将来时。 瞬间动词（leave, start, arrive等）可用过去进行时表过去将来：He said he was leaving next week. 【典例破题】 例题（2023·浙江卷）语法填空 Tom __________ (leave) when his mother called him back. 【思路点拨】 ① 母亲打电话时，Tom正要离开；② 过去将来时的“正要”用was/were about to do；③ 故填was about to leave。 【巩固提升】（8小题，限时6分钟） 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. He told me that he __________ (return) the book the next day. 2. I __________ (go) to the cinema, but it started to rain. 3. We __________ (start) when the teacher came in. 4. She said the train __________ (arrive) at 6 pm the following day. 5. They __________ (have) a meeting, but it was canceled. 6. He __________ (leave) for Beijing when I met him. 7. I __________ (call) you yesterday, but I forgot your number. 8. The headmaster said the sports meet __________ (take place) the next week. 参考答案： 1. would return（宾语从句，过去将来） 2. was going to go（计划未实现） 3. were about to start（正要……这时） 4. was to arrive（按计划到达） 5. were going to have / were to have（计划） 6. was about to leave（正要离开） 7. was going to call（打算打电话） 8. would take place（过去将来） 一、单项选择 1．He___ have attended the meeting this morning. He has been staying at my home for a whole day. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词+have done的用法。句意“他不可能已经参加了今上午的会议。他在我家待了一整天。”这里表示否定的推测，can’t have done“不可能已经做了某事”；mustn’t“禁止”，不表示否定推测。shouldn’t have done“本不该做某事却做了”；needn’t have done“本不必做某事却做了”。故选A。 2．It was extremely frustrating because the new security system _________ recognise my fingerprints, no matter how many times I tried. A．wouldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：这非常令人沮丧，因为无论我试多少次，这个新的安全系统就是不识别我的指纹。A. wouldn’t（过去）总是不、就是不；B. needn’t不必（表没有必要）；C. mustn’t禁止（表强烈禁止）；D. shouldn’t不应该（表责任或建议）。根据“no matter how many times I tried”可知，此处强调反复尝试后的结果，“It was extremely frustrating”说明系统持续无法识别指纹，所以“wouldn’t”符合“系统始终不识别指纹”的语境。故选A项。 3．When he was there, he _______ go to that tea house at the corner when he was free everyday. A．had better B．might C．would D．should 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：他在那儿的时候，每天有空的时候都会去拐角处的茶馆。A. had better不得不；B. might也许；C. would老是；D. should应该。由语境可知，“每天有空时去茶馆”是过去的习惯性动作，would可用于表示过去的习惯或过去经常发生的动作或过去的规律性动作，后接动词原形。故选C项。 4．---- Did you pass the driving test? ---- No. I ______ it, but I had little time practicing. A．could have passed B．must have passed C．can’t have passed D．shouldn’t have passed 【答案】A 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：---- 你驾照考试过了吗？---- 没有，我本可以通过考试的，但是我没有太多练习的时间。根据后文but I had little time practicing可知，没有时间练习，因此前文是对过去情况的一种假设，“本可以通过”，表达为could have passed，故选A。 5．I love the weekend, because I ______ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．wouldn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为我周六和周日不必早起。 A. needn’t不必； B. mustn’t禁止，不准； C. wouldn’t不会，不愿意； D. shouldn’t不应该。 由上文“I love the weekend”和句意可知，周末不需要早起，所以用needn’t表示“不必”。故选A项。 6．You ________ park your bike near the school gate, as it will block the way for others. A．dare not B．must not C．need not D．might not 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：你禁止把自行车停在学校门口附近，因为这会挡住别人的路。 A. dare not不敢；B. must not禁止，不允许；C. need not不必；D. might not可能不。 根据后文“as it will block the way for others(因为这会挡住别人的路)”可知，此处强调禁止把自行车停在学校门口附近的行为，must not语气强烈，符合语境。故选B。 7．He realized that someone __________ his room. Something important was missing. A．shouldn’t have entered B．could have entered C．can’t have entered D．must have entered 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：他意识到一定有人进过他的房间。某个重要的东西丢了。由“Something important was missing. ”可知，某个重要的东西丢了。所以一定有人进过他的房间。must have done意为“肯定做过某事”，是对过去事情的肯定推测。故D选项正确。 【点睛】情态动词+have+done的用法讲解 情态动词+have+done是历年高考的重点和难点之一，现将其用法总结归纳如下： 一、 “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 8．The professor ______ sit in his study for hours when he worked on the new project. A．could B．might C．would D．should 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：当教授研究新项目的时候，他会在书房里坐上好几个小时。根据句意可知，此处指教授习惯性的做法，情态动词would可以表示一种倾向和一贯做法。故选C项。 9．When ________how a statue from distant Greece____in China, researchers explained that it was no doubta result of Alexander the Great’s influence． A．they were asked; should appear B．being asked; can have appeared C．asked; must have appeared D．asked; could have appeared 【答案】D 【详解】考查状语从句的省略和情态动词。句意：当被问及来自遥远的希腊的雕像是如何出现在中国时，研究人员解释说，这无疑是亚历山大大帝影响的结果。第一个空是状语从句的省略，在when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致且从句中含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句主语和be，researchers与ask之间是被动关系，本句相当于省略了they were，故排除B。must have done表示对过去的事情进行肯定推测，意为“肯定做过某事”，根据“ask”判断，这里表示疑问，不表肯定推测。could have done用于否定句和疑问句中表示对已经发生的动作做出主观猜测。故选D。 10．The Browns _______ the trains; if not, they would have been at the get-together as scheduled. A．must miss B．must have missed C．should miss D．should have missed 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：布朗一家人一定是误了火车，不然的话，他们就会如期来聚会。根据“they would have been at the get-together as scheduled”可以判断是描述与过去事实相反的情况，因此前句是对过去发生事情的推断。结合语境，此处为对过去情况的肯定推测，用must have done“一定已经做了某事”。故选B项。 二、完成句子 11．By reading English articles, you can ________. You can improve your English and learn more foreign cultures. 读英文文章，你就能一举两得。你既可以提高你的英文水平又能了解更多的外国文化。 【答案】kill two birds with one stone 【详解】考查谚语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“一举两得”，是谚语“kill two birds with one stone”，can是情态动词，其后跟动词原形。故填kill two birds with one stone。 12．我们必须在明天早上以前把所有的工作都做完。（“get sth. done”结构） We must ________ ________ ________ ________ by tomorrow morning. 【答案】 get all work finished 【详解】考查固定结构。结合句意表示“把所有工作做完”应用“get sth. done”结构，must后跟动词原形；“工作”应用名词work，由all修饰；表示“做完”应用动词finish，此处用过去分词作宾补；故填get all work finished。 13．在证实他有罪之前，我们要假定他是清白的。 We must ________ ________ ________ ________ innocent until he is proved guilty. 【答案】 assume him to be 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，表示“假定”可用动词assume，再根据情态动词must可知，应该用动词原形；表示“假定某人是”可用固定短语assume sb to be，此处表示“他”用宾格him。故填①assume②him③to④be。 14．She asked if we ______ (have) the exam the next day. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】would have 【详解】考查名词性从句的时态。句意：她问我们第二天是否考试。主句为一般过去时，从句时间the next day表过去的将来，用过去将来时“would+动词原形”，故填would have。 15．Young people today would watch TV at home rather than (go) to the cinema. (所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】go 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：现在的年轻人宁愿在家看电视而不愿去看电影。根据“would watch TV rather than”可知此处为固定搭配“would do…rather than do…”表示“宁愿做……而不愿做……”，其中rather than为并列连词，意为“而不是”表示“对比关系”，连接watch与go两个动作。故填go。 16．They promised they (do) me a favour and ensure my safety. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would do 【详解】考查过去将来时。句意：他们承诺会帮助我并保证我的安全。根据promised可知，此处描述过去发生的事情。动词promise意为“承诺”，所以此处包含将要的含义，从句中应用过去将来时。故填would do。 17．They also help you have a great smile. (用情态动词填空) 【答案】can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：它们还能帮助你拥有灿烂的笑容。强调主语具备“帮助你拥有灿烂笑容”的能力或可能性，用情态动词can。故填can。 18．Only in this way you make progress in your English study. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：只有通过这种方式，你才能在英语学习中取得进步。“Only + 状语”位于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装，结合句意本句中用情态动词can“能够”，放在主语you之前，后接动词原形make。故填can。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据意思或所给的词，完成空格填空，使短文通顺 It was getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I 19 (wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 20 (take) out my key 21 I couldn’t find it. I suddenly remembered that I 22 (leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn’t make any difference. I knew my wife 23 (be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I 24 (knock) at the door. There was no answer, so I knocked again. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I 25 (get) angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife 26 (phone) saying that she 27 (go) shopping in the afternoon with the children. There was only one thing for me to do: I had to clime in 28 a window. 【答案】 19．was wearing 20．to take 21．but 22．had left 23．was 24．knocked 25．got 26．had phoned 27．would go 28．through 【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。叙述了我到家门口发现没带钥匙，最后爬窗户进去的一件小事。 19．考查过去进行时。结合语境可知，天气很冷，我正穿着一件大衣。而全文基调为过去时，故用过去进行时。故填was wearing。 20．考查不定式表目的。句意：我走到门口，把手放进口袋里拿出我的钥匙。可知，put my hand的目的是take out my key，to表目的。故填to take。 21．考查连词。句意：我走到门口，把手放进口袋里拿出我的钥匙，可是没有找到。结合语境，前后文具有明显的转折含义。故填but。 22．考查过去完成时。句意：我突然想起我把它放在办公室的桌子上了。结合语境可知，我把钥匙落在桌上为过去的过去，且对过去造成影响。leave的过去分词形式为left。故填had left。 23．考查一般过去时及主谓一致。句意：我知道我妻子在家，孩子们现在肯定已经放学回来了，所以我敲门。根据全文基调，此处应填过去式，my wife为单数，is的过去分词形式为was。故填was。 24．考查一般过去时。结合语境及全文基调可知，此处填一般过去式。knock的过去式为knocked故填knocked。 25．考查一般过去时。结合语境及全文基调可知，此处填一般过去式get的过去式为got。故填got。 26．考查过去完成时。句意：他说我妻子说她下午和孩子们一起去购物。可知，he said为过去时，而我的妻子打电话在这之前，且对过去产生影响。故填had phoned。 27．考查过去将来时。结合语境可知，妻子说她将要去购物，又因基调为过去时，故此处使用过去进行时。故填would go。 28．考查介词。句意：我得从爬窗户进去。through有从内部穿过的意思。故填through。 语法填空 It was 29 (get)dark when I 30 (get)home.It was cold and I 31 (wear)a coat.I walked up to the door and 32 (put)my hand into my pocket to take out the key，but I couldn’t find it.I suddenly 33 (remember)that I 34 (leave)it on my desk in the office.It really didn’t make any difference.I knew my wife 35 (be)at home and the children must have come back from school by then，so I   36 (knock)at the door.There was no answer.I 37 (continue)knocking at the door for sometime.I 38 (get)angry.Then I remembered something the office boy 39 (tell )me at noon.He said that my wife 40 (phone)saying that she 41 (go)shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing 42 (can do)and I 43 (shut)out of my house. 【答案】 29．getting 30．got 31．was wearing 32．put 33．remembered 34．had left 35．was 36．knocked 37．continued 38．got 39．had told 40．had phoned 41．would go 42．could be done 43．was shut 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者由于忘记带钥匙，而妻子和孩子也外出购物了。不得已被迫所在家门口的故事。 【详解】29．考查过去进行时。句意：我到家时天已经黑了。根据前面的was及全文的时态判断，本句该用过去进行时。故填getting。 30．考查一般过去时。句意：我到家时天已经黑了。根据语境得知本句为一般过去时。故填got。 31．考查过去进行时。句意：天很冷，我穿了一件外套。根据语境可知，此处表达的是“那时候正穿着的是一件外套”，应用过去进行时。故填was wearing。 32．考查一般过去时。句意：我走到门口，把手伸进口袋里想拿出钥匙，但怎么也找不到。and前后的谓语动作时态要保持一致，且整个事情已经发生，故put应和walked up保持一致，用过去完成时。put的过去式还是put。故填put。 33．考查一般过去时。句意：我突然想起我把它忘在办公室的桌子上了。由语境判断为一般过去时。故填remembered。 34．考查过去完成时。句意：我突然想起我把它忘在办公室的桌子上了。leave的动作发生在remembered 之前，故用过去完成时。故填had left。 35．考查一般过去时。句意：我知道我的妻子在家，孩子们那时一定已经放学回来了，所以我敲了门。根据上文I knew得知此句应用一般过去时。故填was。 36．考查一般过去时。句意：我知道我的妻子在家，孩子们那时一定已经放学回来了，所以我敲门。与全文时态一致，用一般过去时。故填knocked。 37．考查一般过去时。句意：我继续敲了一会儿门。与全文时态一致，用一般过去时。故填continued。 38．考查一般过去时。句意：我生气了。与全文时态一致，用一般过去时。故填got。 39．考查过去完成时。句意：然后我想起了办公室文员中午告诉我的一件事。tell的动作发生在remembered之前，故用过去完成时。故填had told。 40．考查过去完成时。句意：他说我妻子打电话说她下午和孩子们一起去购物。phone的动作发生在said之前，故用过去完成时。故填had phoned。 41．考查过去将来时。句意：他说我妻子打电话说她下午和孩子们一起去购物。打电话的动作已经发生，从过去来看，购物还未发生，故应用过去将来时。故填would go。 42．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：似乎什么也做不了，我就把自己关在了门外。根据语境此处应该是一般过去时，nothing与do是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填could be done。 43．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：似乎什么也做不了，我就把自己关在了门外。我与shut是被动关系，shut的过去分词还是shut，且整个动作已经发生，故填was shut。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $