专题04 非限制性定语从句（暑假复习讲义）新高二英语人教版

专题04 非限制性定语从句 考点序号 考点聚焦 关系代词（who/whom/whose/which）的选择 先行词为人时用who(主)/whom(宾)/whose(定)；先行词为物或整个主句时用which。每年必考1-2空 关系副词（when/where）的选择 先行词表时间用when，表地点用where；不能简单根据先行词判断，需看从句是否缺状语 介词+关系代词（介词+whom/which） 介词的选择取决于先行词与从句谓语动词的搭配。常见于正式文体，是高分写作结构 as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 as多表“正如”，可位于句首/句中/句末；which只能位于句末，表“这一点”。固定句式：as is known to all, as is often the case 与限制性定语从句的区分 非限制性从句有逗号，去掉不影响主句完整；限制性从句无逗号，去掉影响主句意思。不能用that引导非限制性从句 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一：关系代词（who/whom/whose/which）引导非限制性定语从句 【知识精讲】 关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。选择时依据：先行词是人还是物 + 关系词在从句中充当的成分。 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的功能 示例 who 人 主语 My mother, who is a teacher, loves reading. whom 人 宾语（可省略，但正式文体不省） My brother, whom you met yesterday, is a doctor. whose 人或物 定语（表“……的”） The house, whose windows are broken, is empty. which 物或整个主句 主语或宾语 The book, which I bought yesterday, is interesting. 注意： 1. 非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略（即使作宾语）。 正确：Tom, whom I saw at the party, is my classmate. 错误：Tom, I saw at the party, is my classmate. 2. 不能使用that。 错误：The car, that I bought last week, broke down. 正确：The car, which I bought last week, broke down. 巧记：非限逗号要记清，that不能来应聘。指人主语用who，宾语whom或who也可行。指物which来当家，whose表属通人/物。 【典例破题】 例题（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·改编）语法填空 The famous scientist, __________ we all admire, gave us a wonderful speech yesterday. 【思路点拨】 ① 先行词为The famous scientist（人）；② 从句“we all admire”中admire缺少宾语；③ 指人作宾语可用whom或who；④ 非限制性从句中不可省略。故填whom或who。 【方法提炼】 关系代词选择三步法： 一看先行词（人/物/整个句子） 二看从句缺什么成分（主语/宾语/定语/状语） 三定关系词（人+主语→who；人+宾语→whom/who；人+定语→whose；物+主/宾→which） 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用适当的关系代词填空。 1. My best friend, __________ is studying abroad, sent me a postcard yesterday. 2. The novel, __________ I finished last night, is very touching. 3. Do you know the girl, __________ mother is a famous singer? 4. Mr. Johnson, __________ we met at the conference, will visit our school next week. 5. The old house, __________ roof was damaged in the storm, is being repaired. 6. The team, __________ worked day and night, finally completed the project. 参考答案与解析： 1. who（先行词friend指人，从句缺主语） 2. which（先行词novel指物，从句缺宾语） 3. whose（与mother构成所属关系） 4. whom/who（先行词Mr. Johnson指人，从句缺宾语） 5. whose（与roof构成所属关系） 6. which（先行词team指团队，视为整体，从句缺主语） 考点二：关系副词（when/where）引导非限制性定语从句 【知识精讲】 关系副词when和where在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语和地点状语，相当于“介词+which”。 关系副词 指代 相当于 示例 when 时间名词 at/in/on which We visited Paris in July, when the weather is perfect. where 地点名词 in/at/on which She went to the library, where she met her friend. 注意： 1. 不能使用why，需用for which代替。 错误：He was late, why he was punished. 正确：He was late, for which he was punished. 2. 先行词为时间/地点名词，但从句中缺主语或宾语时，不能用when/where，要用which/that（但非限制性中只能用which）。 正确：I will never forget the day, which I spent with you.（which作spent的宾语） 辨析： I still remember the farm, where I worked ten years ago.（where作地点状语） I still remember the farm, which I visited ten years ago.（which作visited的宾语） 【典例破题】 例题（2023·浙江卷）语法填空 He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, __________ he won the light heavyweight gold medal. 【思路点拨】 ① 先行词为the 1960 Rome Olympics（时间）；② 从句“he won the gold medal”中不缺主宾，缺少时间状语（在那届奥运会上）；③ 用关系副词when。故填when。 【方法提炼】 关系副词判断： 从句主干完整（主谓宾齐全）→ 缺状语 → 用when（时间）或where（地点） 从句缺主语或宾语 → 用which/whom 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用when或where填空。 1. I will never forget the day, __________ I first met you. 2. This is the small town, __________ I grew up. 3. We visited the museum, __________ many rare artifacts are on display. 4. The conference will be held next month, __________ experts from all over the world will gather. 5. She went back to her hometown, __________ she spent her childhood. 6. Do you remember the spring, __________ we first planted these trees? 参考答案与解析： 1. when（the day作时间状语） 2. where（town作地点状语） 3. where（museum作地点状语） 4. when（next month作时间状语） 5. where（hometown作地点状语） 6. when（spring作时间状语） 考点三：“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句 【知识精讲】 “介词+关系代词”结构是高考高频考点，常用于正式文体。介词的选择取决于先行词与从句谓语动词的搭配或语义需要。 结构 指代 示例 介词+whom 人 The manager, with whom I had a talk, is very kind. 介词+which 物 The desk, on which I put my books, is new. 名词/代词/数词+of+whom/which 部分整体关系 There are 50 students, half of whom are girls. 注意： 1. 介词后不能用who或that，只能用whom（人）或which（物）。 2. “名词/代词/数词+of+whom/which”结构常用于表示整体中的一部分。 He wrote many novels, most of which are bestsellers. The old man has three sons, two of whom are doctors. 巧记：介词后面把词选，指人whom指物which。数词代词加of，整体部分分得清。 【典例破题】 例题（2023·全国甲卷·改编）语法填空 We will go to the hospital to see the patients, most of __________ are children. 【思路点拨】 ① 先行词为patients（人）；② “most of + 关系代词”表示“他们中的大多数”；③ 指人作介词of的宾语，用whom。故填whom。 【方法提炼】 “of + whom/which”结构： 先行词为人 → of whom 先行词为物 → of which 注意：不可写成“of who”或“of them” 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用“介词+关系代词”填空。 1. He has collected 100 stamps, many of __________ are from China. 2. The woman, __________ I learned a lot, is a famous writer. 3. The room, __________ he lived for ten years, was torn down. 4. My father works in a company, the employees of __________ are all hardworking. 5. She has three brothers, the eldest of __________ is a pilot. 6. This is the problem, __________ we should pay more attention. 参考答案与解析： 1. which（stamps物，many of which） 2. from whom（learn from sb.，人，介词from + whom） 3. in which（live in a room，物） 4. which（company物，the employees of which） 5. whom（brothers人，the eldest of whom） 6. to which（pay attention to，物） 考点四：as与which引导非限制性定语从句（指代整个主句） 【知识精讲】 as和which都可以指代整个主句，但用法有明显区别： 对比维度 as which 位置 句首、句中、句末 只能放在句末 含义 “正如……一样” “这件事，这一点” 固定搭配 as is known to all, as is often the case, as is reported 无固定搭配 谓语动词 常与know, say, report, expect等动词连用 一般动词 典型例句： As is known to all, the earth is round.（正如众所周知，地球是圆的。） He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.（他通过了考试，这让他父母很开心。） As we expected, he won the first prize.（正如我们所料，他得了一等奖。） She is very patient, which her sister is not.（她很有耐心，而这一点她妹妹没有。） 注意：当从句置于句首时，只能用as，不能用which。 正确：As is reported, the meeting will be put off. 错误：Which is reported, the meeting will be put off. 巧记：句首逗号as来领，正如常言人人懂。句末which最普通，这一点要记心中。 【典例破题】 例题（2025·北京卷）语法填空 __________ is often the case, the weather in spring is quite changeable. 【思路点拨】 ① 空格在句首，且逗号后为主句；② 表示“正如通常情况一样”；③ 固定结构as is often the case。故填As。 【方法提炼】 as引导从句的识别： 看到句首且有逗号，填入As 看到“正如”语义，用as 常见固定表达：as we all know, as is known to all, as is often the case, as is reported, as we expected 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用as或which填空。 1. __________ is reported, the plane crashed in the mountain area. 2. He was late again, __________ made the teacher very angry. 3. __________ we all know, time is money. 4. The boy was admitted to Peking University, __________ came as no surprise. 5. __________ is shown in the chart, the sales increased rapidly. 6. She ignored my advice, __________ was very unwise. 参考答案与解析： 1. As（句首，正如报道） 2. which（句末，指代“他迟到”这件事） 3. As（句首，众所周知） 4. which（句末，指代“被北大录取”） 5. As（句首，如图表所示） 6. which（句末，指代“忽视建议”这件事） 考点五：非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区分（易错点） 【知识精讲】 两者区别是短文改错和语法填空的高频考查点。核心在于逗号和语义。 对比 非限制性 限制性 逗号 有 无 关系词 不可用that，不可省略 可用that，宾语可省略 语义 补充信息，去掉主句完整 必要限定，去掉主句不完整 典型对比： My brother, who is a doctor, works in Beijing.（我哥哥是一名医生，他在北京工作。——只有一个哥哥） My brother who is a doctor works in Beijing.（我那个当医生的哥哥在北京工作。——暗示还有其他不当医生的哥哥） 易错点： 1. 非限制性从句误用that。 错误：The book, that I bought yesterday, is lost. 正确：The book, which I bought yesterday, is lost. 2. 非限制性从句缺少逗号。 错误：She is kind which makes her popular. 正确：She is kind, which makes her popular. 3. 限制性从句误加逗号（改变语义）。 原意：那个穿红裙子的女孩是我妹妹。 错误：The girl, who wears a red dress, is my sister.（暗示只有一个女孩） 正确：The girl who wears a red dress is my sister. 【典例破题】 例题（2024·浙江卷）短文改错 The students that have good grades can join the club, which is popular. 【思路点拨】 ① 从句“that have good grades”是限制性定语从句，无逗号，但用了that（正确）；② 后半句“, which is popular”是非限制性从句；③ 全句无错误？但常见改错点：主句和从句之间逻辑是否正确。实际上原句可能想表达：成绩好的学生可以加入这个受欢迎的俱乐部。应将which is popular改为限制性定语从句且不加逗号：...join the popular club. 或者保留非限制性，但语义不同。根据高考改错习惯，常考that在非限制性从句中的误用。此处假拟错误：The club, that is popular, has many activities. → that改为which。 【方法提炼】 改错中识别非限制性从句： 看到逗号，检查关系词是否用了that（是则改为which/who） 检查是否缺少逗号（在which/who前加逗号） 检查语义是否因逗号而改变 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 判断下列句子正误，错误的请改正。 1. The book, that I borrowed from the library, is very interesting. 2. My cousin who is a doctor saved my life.（假设只有一个cousin） 3. The house which we live in is very old. 4. He didn’t pass the exam, that made his parents disappointed. 5. The man whom you saw yesterday is my uncle. 6. Beijing, that is the capital of China, is a modern city. 参考答案与解析： 1. 错误，that改为which（非限制性从句不能用that） 2. 若只有一个cousin，应加逗号：My cousin, who is a doctor, saved my life. 3. 正确（限制性定语从句，无逗号，可用which或that） 4. 错误，that改为which（非限制性指代整个主句） 5. 正确（限制性从句，whom作宾语可省略） 6. 错误，that改为which 一、完成句子 1.（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 答案：which。 解析：考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2.（2025年北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 答案：which。 解析：考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 3.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 4.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【44题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5.【2023年全国甲卷】Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”... 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 6.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 7.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, ___________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 8． is often the case, we have to adjust our plans according to the latest news. 【答案】As 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如常见的情况那样，我们不得不根据最新消息调整计划。As is often the case是固定用法，“as”引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个句子“we have to adjust our plans according to the latest news”，且as在从句中作主语，意为“正如”。故填As。 9．My hometown, I spent my childhood, has changed a lot over the past decade. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的家乡在过去十年变化很大，我在那里度过了我的童年。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词hometown，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。 10．The book, cover is blue, tells many interesting stories about comedians. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这本书的封面是蓝色的，它讲述了许多关于喜剧演员的有趣故事。先行词是the book，cover（封面）与the book存在所属关系，即“书的封面”，所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 二、单项选择 1．On the last evening of the academic year, students often stay up late into the night, ______ they can relax and chat with friends. A．which B．when C．where D．who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在学年的最后一个晚上，学生们经常熬夜到深夜，这时他们可以放松一下，和朋友聊天。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词night，在从句作时间状语，所以使用关系副词when。故选B。 2．The boss, __________ department Ms King worked in ten years ago, looks down upon women. A．which B．whose C．who D．that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：十年前金女士上班那个部门的老板，看不起女性。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the boss，从句中department与先行词为从属关系，故应用whose引导从句。故选B。 3．As the intelligent species, the human personality lies within the mind and body, ________ existence we had only recently become aware. A．of which B．of whose C．of whom D．of its 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：作为有智慧的物种，人的性格受思想和身体的影响，我们只是最近才意识到它的存在。先行词是 personality，existence 与 personality 之间构成所属关系，即 the existence of personality，即 of whose。故选B。 4．Ryan had raised the $2000, ________ a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. A．with which B．by which C．of which D．for which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Ryan 筹集到了2000美元，用这笔钱在乌干达一所小学附近建了一口井。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 $2000，关系代词which指代这笔钱，介词提前，故用with which。 5．Haiti was struck by a terrible earthquake in January, ________ effects the people are still suffering months later. A．from which B．from whose C．where D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：海地一月份遭遇了一场强烈地震，数月之后人们仍在承受它带来的影响。分析句子结构可知，这里为非限制性定语从句，先行词earthquake，从句中effects前缺定语，需用whose指代“地震的”；搭配suffer from表示“承受、遭受”，故用from whose引导从句。 6．The teacher always tells us, “Knowledge is power,”______ encourages us to keep learning and expanding our horizons. A．who B．where C．as D．which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师总是告诉我们“知识就是力量”，这句话鼓励我们不断学习并拓展我们的视野。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Knowledge is power”这句话，指事物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选D。 7．______ is often the case, we had worked out the production plan. A．Which B．When C．As D．Where 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如平常一样，我们已经制定出了生产计划。此处需要使用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为主句we had worked out the production plan，从句中缺少主语，非限制定性定语从句中关系词引导从句位于主句之前，并结合固定词组as is often the case(正如往常一样)，可知，此处关系词需使用as意为“正如”。which引导的定语从句不能放在句首。故选C。 8．Many lessons are now available online, ____students can choose for free. A．from which B．in which C．out of which D．on which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在线学习，学生可以从中免费选择。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为Many lessons，指物。choose from… 表示“从……中选择”，为固定搭配，所以这里应用from which引导。故选A。 9．The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _____ is often the case in other countries. A．as B．that C．so D．it 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：英国人不太了解不同国家的文化和做事的方法，其他国家的人也是这样。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，不能用that，排除B；选C的话，第二个分句缺少主语；选D的话，前后分句缺少连接词and；as在此引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，故选A。 考点：考查非限制性定语从句 10．Europe has achieved more in controlling the AIDS virus than Asia in the past ten years, ________ the number of people infected with the virus is going up sharply. A．when B．that C．so that D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。此处Asia是先行词，其在定语从句中作地点状语。 三、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One evening 18,000 BC, Lala turned for home with her collections of nuts and fruits. A feast was waiting for her, 11 was a family reunion after a long 12 （ separate）. How excited she was to meet his husband, Dahu, again!  Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her steps 13 （ fear） there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. She had almost reached her destination 14 a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. The smell of meat filled the air and her senses became dizzy 15 hunger. She saw the great dinner was well 16 （ prepare）  . The family were doing their own duties and Dahu, with 17 （ strong ） pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones, 18 （ sharpen ） his tools. The first guests 19 （ arrive） for dinner were all from the neighbouring caves. Lala's  spirits 20 （ rise）. She smiled to herself gaily and went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours. 【答案】 11．which 12．separation 13．fearing 14．when 15．with 16．prepared 17．strongly 18．was sharpening 19．to arrive 20．rose 【分析】本文属于故事，讲述原始人的生活场景。 11．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，was a family reunion after a long 　　2　　（ separate）为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the feast，从句缺乏主语，故用关系代词which。 12．考查名词。形容词long修饰名词，故用separation。 13．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，fear作伴随状语，与其逻辑主语Lala为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式fearing。 14．考查时间状语从句。本句为结构had done sth when刚做完某事突然，故用when。 15．考查介词。分析句子可知，名词hunger作介词的宾语，故用with hunger 饥饿地，故用with。 16．考查被动语态。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，prepare与主语dinner为动宾关系，故用被动语态，故用过去分词形式prepared。 17．考查副词。修饰形容词pronounced用副词，故用strongly。 18．考查过去进行时。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，sharpen与主语为主谓关系，由于and并列，表示两个动作同时进行，前一句为进行时，则本句也应用进行时，故用was sharpening。 19．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，guests由序数词修饰，后置定语用不定式，故用to arrive。 20．考查一般过去时。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，rise与主语spirits为主谓关系，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时rose。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A girl who has a gift for drawing I went to an exhibition last month, 21 I admired a lot of wonderful paintings. Mary, 22 drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 23 is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall 24 the paintings were on show, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 25 was hung on the wall in front of us. The horse 26 was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse. The man 27 was riding on it looked like a living man. It was the best picture 28 I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 29 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter 30 has ever been heard of in her hometown. But if you say that she has learned to be so good at drawing only by working hard at it, I will certainly agree with you. 【答案】 21．where 22．whose 23．who/that 24．where 25．that/ which 26．that/ which 27．who/that 28．that 29．that 30．that 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去看画展的一次经历。 21．考查非限制性定语从句关系副词。句意：上个月我去了一个展览会，在那里我欣赏了很多很棒的画。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为an exhibition，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，意为“在那里”。故填where。 22．考查非限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：玛丽的画作在展览会上展出，她是一个模范学生，经常因为她在学校的出色表现而受到表扬。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Mary，关系代词whose在从句中作定语，表示所有关系。故填whose。 23．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同2题。先行词为a model student，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。 24．考查定语从句关系副词。句意：当我们进入展览大厅的时候，我们的眼睛被挂在我们面前墙上的巨幅画吸引住了。先行词为the exhibition hall，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 25．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同4句。先行词为picture，关系代词that/ which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/ which。 26．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：画中的马和真正的马一模一样。先行词为The horse，关系代词that/ which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/ which。 27．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：骑在上面的人看起来像个活人。先行词为The man，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。 28．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：这是我见过的最好的画，我应该说 Mary 是我听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the best picture，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用 which。故填that。 29．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同8题。先行词为the best young painter，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。 30．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：她的一个老师告诉我，玛丽花了几千个小时学习和练习绘画，才成为她家乡听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the best young painter，关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。 【点睛】学习定语从句除了掌握定语从句的基本规则以外，多记忆一些典型例句，做到语法句中学。例如：This is the school （that/which）I visited last year. 这是我去年参观的学校。This is the school where I studied last year.这是我去年在那里学习的学校。I will never forget the day(that/which) I spent in Beijing.我永远忘不掉我在北京度过的那天。I will never forget the day when I stayed in Beijing. 我永远忘不掉我在北京逗留的那天。I know a girl who is called Mary./I know a girl whose name is Mary.我认识个女孩名叫Mary。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 非限制性定语从句 考点序号 考点聚焦 关系代词（who/whom/whose/which）的选择 先行词为人时用who(主)/whom(宾)/whose(定)；先行词为物或整个主句时用which。每年必考1-2空 关系副词（when/where）的选择 先行词表时间用when，表地点用where；不能简单根据先行词判断，需看从句是否缺状语 介词+关系代词（介词+whom/which） 介词的选择取决于先行词与从句谓语动词的搭配。常见于正式文体，是高分写作结构 as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 as多表“正如”，可位于句首/句中/句末；which只能位于句末，表“这一点”。固定句式：as is known to all, as is often the case 与限制性定语从句的区分 非限制性从句有逗号，去掉不影响主句完整；限制性从句无逗号，去掉影响主句意思。不能用that引导非限制性从句 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一：关系代词（who/whom/whose/which）引导非限制性定语从句 【知识精讲】 关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。选择时依据：先行词是人还是物 + 关系词在从句中充当的成分。 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的功能 示例 who 人 主语 My mother, who is a teacher, loves reading. whom 人 宾语（可省略，但正式文体不省） My brother, whom you met yesterday, is a doctor. whose 人或物 定语（表“……的”） The house, whose windows are broken, is empty. which 物或整个主句 主语或宾语 The book, which I bought yesterday, is interesting. 注意： 1. 非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略（即使作宾语）。 正确：Tom, whom I saw at the party, is my classmate. 错误：Tom, I saw at the party, is my classmate. 2. 不能使用that。 错误：The car, that I bought last week, broke down. 正确：The car, which I bought last week, broke down. 巧记：非限逗号要记清，that不能来应聘。指人主语用who，宾语whom或who也可行。指物which来当家，whose表属通人/物。 【典例破题】 例题（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·改编）语法填空 The famous scientist, __________ we all admire, gave us a wonderful speech yesterday. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用适当的关系代词填空。 1. My best friend, __________ is studying abroad, sent me a postcard yesterday. 2. The novel, __________ I finished last night, is very touching. 3. Do you know the girl, __________ mother is a famous singer? 4. Mr. Johnson, __________ we met at the conference, will visit our school next week. 5. The old house, __________ roof was damaged in the storm, is being repaired. 6. The team, __________ worked day and night, finally completed the project. 考点二：关系副词（when/where）引导非限制性定语从句 【知识精讲】 关系副词when和where在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语和地点状语，相当于“介词+which”。 关系副词 指代 相当于 示例 when 时间名词 at/in/on which We visited Paris in July, when the weather is perfect. where 地点名词 in/at/on which She went to the library, where she met her friend. 注意： 1. 不能使用why，需用for which代替。 错误：He was late, why he was punished. 正确：He was late, for which he was punished. 2. 先行词为时间/地点名词，但从句中缺主语或宾语时，不能用when/where，要用which/that（但非限制性中只能用which）。 正确：I will never forget the day, which I spent with you.（which作spent的宾语） 辨析： I still remember the farm, where I worked ten years ago.（where作地点状语） I still remember the farm, which I visited ten years ago.（which作visited的宾语） 【典例破题】 例题（2023·浙江卷）语法填空 He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, __________ he won the light heavyweight gold medal. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用when或where填空。 1. I will never forget the day, __________ I first met you. 2. This is the small town, __________ I grew up. 3. We visited the museum, __________ many rare artifacts are on display. 4. The conference will be held next month, __________ experts from all over the world will gather. 5. She went back to her hometown, __________ she spent her childhood. 6. Do you remember the spring, __________ we first planted these trees? 考点三：“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句 【知识精讲】 “介词+关系代词”结构是高考高频考点，常用于正式文体。介词的选择取决于先行词与从句谓语动词的搭配或语义需要。 结构 指代 示例 介词+whom 人 The manager, with whom I had a talk, is very kind. 介词+which 物 The desk, on which I put my books, is new. 名词/代词/数词+of+whom/which 部分整体关系 There are 50 students, half of whom are girls. 注意： 1. 介词后不能用who或that，只能用whom（人）或which（物）。 2. “名词/代词/数词+of+whom/which”结构常用于表示整体中的一部分。 He wrote many novels, most of which are bestsellers. The old man has three sons, two of whom are doctors. 巧记：介词后面把词选，指人whom指物which。数词代词加of，整体部分分得清。 【典例破题】 例题（2023·全国甲卷·改编）语法填空 We will go to the hospital to see the patients, most of __________ are children. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用“介词+关系代词”填空。 1. He has collected 100 stamps, many of __________ are from China. 2. The woman, __________ I learned a lot, is a famous writer. 3. The room, __________ he lived for ten years, was torn down. 4. My father works in a company, the employees of __________ are all hardworking. 5. She has three brothers, the eldest of __________ is a pilot. 6. This is the problem, __________ we should pay more attention. 考点四：as与which引导非限制性定语从句（指代整个主句） 【知识精讲】 as和which都可以指代整个主句，但用法有明显区别： 对比维度 as which 位置 句首、句中、句末 只能放在句末 含义 “正如……一样” “这件事，这一点” 固定搭配 as is known to all, as is often the case, as is reported 无固定搭配 谓语动词 常与know, say, report, expect等动词连用 一般动词 典型例句： As is known to all, the earth is round.（正如众所周知，地球是圆的。） He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.（他通过了考试，这让他父母很开心。） As we expected, he won the first prize.（正如我们所料，他得了一等奖。） She is very patient, which her sister is not.（她很有耐心，而这一点她妹妹没有。） 注意：当从句置于句首时，只能用as，不能用which。 正确：As is reported, the meeting will be put off. 错误：Which is reported, the meeting will be put off. 巧记：句首逗号as来领，正如常言人人懂。句末which最普通，这一点要记心中。 【典例破题】 例题（2025·北京卷）语法填空 __________ is often the case, the weather in spring is quite changeable. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用as或which填空。 1. __________ is reported, the plane crashed in the mountain area. 2. He was late again, __________ made the teacher very angry. 3. __________ we all know, time is money. 4. The boy was admitted to Peking University, __________ came as no surprise. 5. __________ is shown in the chart, the sales increased rapidly. 6. She ignored my advice, __________ was very unwise. 考点五：非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区分（易错点） 【知识精讲】 两者区别是短文改错和语法填空的高频考查点。核心在于逗号和语义。 对比 非限制性 限制性 逗号 有 无 关系词 不可用that，不可省略 可用that，宾语可省略 语义 补充信息，去掉主句完整 必要限定，去掉主句不完整 典型对比： My brother, who is a doctor, works in Beijing.（我哥哥是一名医生，他在北京工作。——只有一个哥哥） My brother who is a doctor works in Beijing.（我那个当医生的哥哥在北京工作。——暗示还有其他不当医生的哥哥） 易错点： 1. 非限制性从句误用that。 错误：The book, that I bought yesterday, is lost. 正确：The book, which I bought yesterday, is lost. 2. 非限制性从句缺少逗号。 错误：She is kind which makes her popular. 正确：She is kind, which makes her popular. 3. 限制性从句误加逗号（改变语义）。 原意：那个穿红裙子的女孩是我妹妹。 错误：The girl, who wears a red dress, is my sister.（暗示只有一个女孩） 正确：The girl who wears a red dress is my sister. 【典例破题】 例题（2024·浙江卷）短文改错 The students that have good grades can join the club, which is popular. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 判断下列句子正误，错误的请改正。 1. The book, that I borrowed from the library, is very interesting. 2. My cousin who is a doctor saved my life.（假设只有一个cousin） 3. The house which we live in is very old. 4. He didn’t pass the exam, that made his parents disappointed. 5. The man whom you saw yesterday is my uncle. 6. Beijing, that is the capital of China, is a modern city. 一、完成句子 1.（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 2.（2025年北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 3.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 4.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 5.【2023年全国甲卷】Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”... 6.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 7.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, ___________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. 8． is often the case, we have to adjust our plans according to the latest news. 9．My hometown, I spent my childhood, has changed a lot over the past decade. 10．The book, cover is blue, tells many interesting stories about comedians. 二、单项选择 1．On the last evening of the academic year, students often stay up late into the night, ______ they can relax and chat with friends. A．which B．when C．where D．who 2．The boss, __________ department Ms King worked in ten years ago, looks down upon women. A．which B．whose C．who D．that 3．As the intelligent species, the human personality lies within the mind and body, ________ existence we had only recently become aware. A．of which B．of whose C．of whom D．of its 4．Ryan had raised the $2000, ________ a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. A．with which B．by which C．of which D．for which 5．Haiti was struck by a terrible earthquake in January, ________ effects the people are still suffering months later. A．from which B．from whose C．where D．what 6．The teacher always tells us, “Knowledge is power,”______ encourages us to keep learning and expanding our horizons. A．who B．where C．as D．which 7．______ is often the case, we had worked out the production plan. A．Which B．When C．As D．Where 8．Many lessons are now available online, ____students can choose for free. A．from which B．in which C．out of which D．on which 9．The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _____ is often the case in other countries. A．as B．that C．so D．it 10．Europe has achieved more in controlling the AIDS virus than Asia in the past ten years, ________ the number of people infected with the virus is going up sharply. A．when B．that C．so that D．where 三、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One evening 18,000 BC, Lala turned for home with her collections of nuts and fruits. A feast was waiting for her, 11 was a family reunion after a long 12 （ separate）. How excited she was to meet his husband, Dahu, again!  Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her steps 13 （ fear） there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. She had almost reached her destination 14 a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. The smell of meat filled the air and her senses became dizzy 15 hunger. She saw the great dinner was well 16 （ prepare）  . The family were doing their own duties and Dahu, with 17 （ strong ） pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones, 18 （ sharpen ） his tools. The first guests 19 （ arrive） for dinner were all from the neighbouring caves. Lala's  spirits 20 （ rise）. She smiled to herself gaily and went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A girl who has a gift for drawing I went to an exhibition last month, 21 I admired a lot of wonderful paintings. Mary, 22 drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 23 is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall 24 the paintings were on show, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 25 was hung on the wall in front of us. The horse 26 was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse. The man 27 was riding on it looked like a living man. It was the best picture 28 I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 29 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter 30 has ever been heard of in her hometown. But if you say that she has learned to be so good at drawing only by working hard at it, I will certainly agree with you. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $