第07讲 非谓语动词复习：涵盖动名词、分词、不定式的用法和区别（寒假复习讲义）高二英语人教版

第07讲 非谓语动词复习：涵盖动名词、分词、不定式的用法和区别 一、精讲类型、使用和常见考点： 用法 例句 动名词作主语 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Seeing it once is better than being told 100 times. 百闻不如一见。 动名词作宾语 动名词可以作介词的宾语也可以作动词的宾语 I'm sorry for having kept you waiting so long. 对不起让你久等了。 Have you considered making contributions to your hometown after graduation? 你考虑过毕业后为家乡做贡献吗？ 动名词作定语 表示被修饰名词的性质、用途、功能和属性 It was a luxury if you had a washing machine in those days. 那时候有洗衣机就算奢侈了。 动名词和现在分词作表语 动名词作表语说明主语的内容；现在分词作表语说明主语的性质 My job is teaching. 我的工作是教书。 The news is exciting. 这条新闻很振奋人心。 现在分词作状语 ①doing：表示主动的动作，可以表示原因、条件、伴随、自然而然的结果等 ②having done：表示主动，该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前 ③having been done：表示被动、完成的动作 He ran too fast, falling to the ground. 他跑得太快了，结果摔倒在地上。 Not having received any reply, he decided to write again. 没有收到回复，他决定再写一封信。 Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. 长期与其他大陆分离，澳大利亚有许多其他国家没有的珍奇物种。 现在分词作定语 ①doing: 表示主动的动作，如果是­ing短语，要置于所修饰的名词之后 ②being done：作后置定语，表示被动、且正在进行的动作 The flowers smelling sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature. 植物园里闻起来很香的花吸引大批游客来欣赏大自然的美。 The question being discussed at the meeting now is very important. 正在会议上讨论的问题很重要。 现在分词作宾语补足语 表示主动或正在进行的动作 I can see some kids playing on the playground. 我可以看到一些孩子在操场上玩耍。 2．提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用过去分词形式。 知识点一　动名词 & 现在分词 (doing) 注意：常见的后面接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)有： 动词(短语) 后接动词的形式 意义 finish, practice, enjoy, mind, avoid, admit, appreciate, feel like, suggest, stand, risk, consider, escape, miss, delay, dislike, imagine, understand, look forward to, insist on, be busy, can't help, get down to, be worth ＋doing 词义不变 动词 后接动词的形式 意义 continue, like, love, begin, start, learn ＋doing 意义基本相同 ＋to do go on, remember, forget, regret, mean, stop ＋doing 意义不同 ＋to do advise, allow, permit, forbid, encourage ＋doing “建议/允许/禁止/鼓励”做某事 ＋sb to do sth “建议/允许/禁止/鼓励”某人做某事 续表 知识点二　过去分词(done) 用法 例句 作状语 表示被动的动作，相当于状语从句，可以表示时间、原因、条件等，可以转换为相应的状语从句 Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 从山顶看，这座城市显得格外美丽。 状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语 I won't go to the party unless invited. 我不去参加聚会，除非受到邀请。 作定语 表示被动，相当于省略了 “which/that＋be”的定语从句。过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前 The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。 The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 作宾语补足语 在表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾补。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等 I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 在表示“致使”意义的动词后作宾补。如：have, get, keep, leave等 I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 make后面接反身代词，接过去分词作宾补，表示“使自己被……” He spoke in a louder voice in order to make himself heard. 他大声讲话，以便让别人听到。 作表语 常常用来修饰人的状态或感受。但是修饰人的表情也常常用过去分词形式的形容词 The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。 知识点三　不定式(to do) 用法 例句 作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 不定式作主语时，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语置于后面。即用“It is＋形容词/名词＋(for/of sb) to do sth”来代替。表示人的品质的形容词后用of To get there by air will take you only about two hours. 坐飞机去那里将只花费你两个小时。 It is kind of you to have given us so much help. 你真好，给予我们这么多的帮助。 作表语 当主语部分有what/all/everything不定代词和实义动词do(表示“做”)的某种形式，那么作表语可以不带to What we should do at the moment is (to) study hard. 目前我们要做的就是努力学习。 作宾语 常接不定式作宾语的动词：afford, agree, arrange, ask, care, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, aim, fail, long, happen, hesitate, struggle, attempt, volunteer, desire等 He agreed to join us in singing. 他同意和我们一起唱歌。 作宾语补足语 常接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词有：allow, ask, beg, cause, command, elect, forbid, force, get, help, intend, invite, would like, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, teach, tell, remind, train, want, warn, wish, advise, encourage, instruct, urge等 Try to persuade him to come. 尽量说服他来。 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：feel, hear, listen to, have, help, let, make, notice, see, watch等 We listened to him play a piece by Chopin on the piano. 我们倾听他用钢琴演奏肖邦的曲子。 作状语 不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果、原因、程度等。不定式作目的状语，常常置于句首，如果置于主句后，不定式前面常常没有逗号 To realize our dreams, we must work hard. 实现梦想，我们必须努力。 作定语 往往表示要做的事情 He has nothing to do. 他无事可做。 非谓语动词精练题 一、语法填空 1.　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.” 2.　(2021·全国甲卷)After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 3.　(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered. 4．The ancient building remained, (function) as shelters for many homeless people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Artificial Intelligence participates in our daily events, (extend) our intelligence, comprehending our feelings, and expanding the range of social activities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists (ruin) the atmosphere of peace? (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．The bomb exploded, (trap) victims in the building. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．The decorations represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9.　They make great gifts and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 10.　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants. 11．Firemen had to break the door down to reach the people (trap) in the house. 12．The hardworking college student has read all the books (recommend) by his professor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13． (inspire) by the documentary, the students planted 500 trees on the hillside.（所给词的适当形式填空） 14．The ancient temple, (locate) in the mountains, attracts thousands of tourists every year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section (sign). (所给词的适当形式填空) 16． (design) for children under six, this toy has won great popularity. （所给词的适当形式填空） 17.　(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 18.　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 19.　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 20．Passengers are reminded (take) all their personal belongings with them when they leave the plane. （所给词的适当形式填空） 21．Mark volunteered (ride) the bus with Susan each morning and evening until she could manage it by herself. (所给词的适当形式填空) 22．He hurried to the station, only (inform) that the train had left. (所给词的适当形式填空) 23．The government troops were forced (withdraw). (所给词的适当形式填空) 24．The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 1．I’m sorry to hear that you’re having trouble with your English. (为什么不每天花15分钟练习口语呢)? (根据汉语提示完成句子) 2．首先，乘坐公共交通出行是节约能源和减少二氧化碳排放的有效方式。（动名词作主语） First, an effective way to save energy and reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. 3．尽管又冷又累，每个运动员都尽了最大的努力完成了任务，同学们给了他们大声的欢呼和鼓励。(with 复合结构) Despite the coldness and tiredness, every athlete tried their best to finish the task, as well as encouragement. 4．得知英语俱乐部计划举办一场英语辩论赛，并且需要主持人，我写信申请这个职位。（现在分词作原因状语）   and a host is in need, I’m writing to apply for the position. 5．每当客人来访时，向他们敬茶是一种基本的社会习俗。(动名词作主语) Whenever guests visit, a basic social custom. 6．另一方面，与你的老师和同学相处融洽是至关重要的，你可以与他们分享你的快乐和悲伤。(it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语) On the other hand, , with whom you can share your happiness and sorrow. 7．正如你所看到的，过去几年中国发展迅速，我们的生活方式和学习方式也发生了变化。(现在分词作结果状语) As you can see, the past few years has witnessed rapid development in China, . 8．同样重要的是，我的汉语和英语都很流利，所以我在与他人交流时没有任何困难。(have difficulty in doing sth.句式) Equally important, I am fluent in both Chinese and English, so I . 9．这次活动的目的是要鼓励学生们更深入地了解中国历史，传播中国文化。（不定式作表语） The purpose of this event and spread Chinese culture. 10．所以，从第二天起，他放下锄头，坐在树桩前，等待另一只兔子被杀死。(现在分词作伴随状语) So, from the next day on, he put down his hoe and sat in front of the stump, . 11．我写信是想邀请您参加我校茶艺协会成立六周年的庆祝活动。(invite sb. to do sth. ) I’m writing to ( ) for the 6th anniversary of the Tea Art Association of our school. 12．这是一个锻炼身体和欣赏乡村美景的好机会。(it作形式主语) and enjoy the beautiful view in the countryside. 13．得知你在即将到来的寒假期间将不得不留在中国而不回家，我写信邀请你和我的家人一起过春节。(现在分词作原因状语) during the upcoming winter vacation, I’m writing to invite you to spend the Spring Festival with my family. 14．这个寒假，我回老家去看望了我的爷爷奶奶。(不定式作目的状语) This winter vacation, I went back to my hometown . 15．要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西尽管还新鲜，但不能用了。（too... to...） Either your shopping is or you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. 16．我写信是想和你分享我上个月和我的同学一起参加的志愿活动。（动词不定式作目的状语） I am writing I took part in last month with my classmates. 17．Teachers always encourage students to (参加) extracurricular activities to develop their comprehensive abilities. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 18．From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps . 从广播到街头艺术，这只是17个非常独特的度假营中的4个。 19．We are filled with a sense of excitement, what camping fun and adventure we will experience next. 我们充满了一种兴奋感，想知道接下来我们将体验到什么露营的乐趣和冒险。(不强调与谓语动词的先后顺序) 20． (是很方便的) compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 21．他正在考虑放弃学业，这时有消息传来说他被一所著名大学录取了。(consider) study when word came that he had been admitted to a famous university. 22．你应该格外的细心，这样才能避免被空中乱飞的石头砸中。 You should be extremely careful to avoid by the stones flying around. (hit) 23．看到他熟练地从两块大石头之间把车开走的时候，我们都惊呆了。 It shocked us him skillfully drive away from the narrow space between two big rocks. (see) 24．你的朋友可能会无休止地在网上发自拍，炫耀他们漂亮的衣服或强壮的体格，你也更容易陷入和他们的比较之中。 Your friends may post a never-ending series of photos online to their beautiful dresses or strong bodies, and it becomes easier for you to compare yourself them. 25．我气坏了，一整天我在学校都躲着她，到现在也不想回复她网上发过来的任何消息。 I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day, I still don’t feel like any of her online messages. ( 第 8 页 共 10 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第07讲 非谓语动词复习：涵盖动名词、分词、不定式的用法和区别 一、精讲类型、使用和常见考点： 用法 例句 动名词作主语 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Seeing it once is better than being told 100 times. 百闻不如一见。 动名词作宾语 动名词可以作介词的宾语也可以作动词的宾语 I'm sorry for having kept you waiting so long. 对不起让你久等了。 Have you considered making contributions to your hometown after graduation? 你考虑过毕业后为家乡做贡献吗？ 动名词作定语 表示被修饰名词的性质、用途、功能和属性 It was a luxury if you had a washing machine in those days. 那时候有洗衣机就算奢侈了。 动名词和现在分词作表语 动名词作表语说明主语的内容；现在分词作表语说明主语的性质 My job is teaching. 我的工作是教书。 The news is exciting. 这条新闻很振奋人心。 现在分词作状语 ①doing：表示主动的动作，可以表示原因、条件、伴随、自然而然的结果等 ②having done：表示主动，该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前 ③having been done：表示被动、完成的动作 He ran too fast, falling to the ground. 他跑得太快了，结果摔倒在地上。 Not having received any reply, he decided to write again. 没有收到回复，他决定再写一封信。 Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. 长期与其他大陆分离，澳大利亚有许多其他国家没有的珍奇物种。 现在分词作定语 ①doing: 表示主动的动作，如果是­ing短语，要置于所修饰的名词之后 ②being done：作后置定语，表示被动、且正在进行的动作 The flowers smelling sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature. 植物园里闻起来很香的花吸引大批游客来欣赏大自然的美。 The question being discussed at the meeting now is very important. 正在会议上讨论的问题很重要。 现在分词作宾语补足语 表示主动或正在进行的动作 I can see some kids playing on the playground. 我可以看到一些孩子在操场上玩耍。 2．提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用过去分词形式。 知识点一　动名词 & 现在分词 (doing) 注意：常见的后面接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)有： 动词(短语) 后接动词的形式 意义 finish, practice, enjoy, mind, avoid, admit, appreciate, feel like, suggest, stand, risk, consider, escape, miss, delay, dislike, imagine, understand, look forward to, insist on, be busy, can't help, get down to, be worth ＋doing 词义不变 动词 后接动词的形式 意义 continue, like, love, begin, start, learn ＋doing 意义基本相同 ＋to do go on, remember, forget, regret, mean, stop ＋doing 意义不同 ＋to do advise, allow, permit, forbid, encourage ＋doing “建议/允许/禁止/鼓励”做某事 ＋sb to do sth “建议/允许/禁止/鼓励”某人做某事 续表 知识点二　过去分词(done) 用法 例句 作状语 表示被动的动作，相当于状语从句，可以表示时间、原因、条件等，可以转换为相应的状语从句 Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 从山顶看，这座城市显得格外美丽。 状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语 I won't go to the party unless invited. 我不去参加聚会，除非受到邀请。 作定语 表示被动，相当于省略了 “which/that＋be”的定语从句。过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前 The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。 The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 作宾语补足语 在表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾补。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等 I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 在表示“致使”意义的动词后作宾补。如：have, get, keep, leave等 I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 make后面接反身代词，接过去分词作宾补，表示“使自己被……” He spoke in a louder voice in order to make himself heard. 他大声讲话，以便让别人听到。 作表语 常常用来修饰人的状态或感受。但是修饰人的表情也常常用过去分词形式的形容词 The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。 知识点三　不定式(to do) 用法 例句 作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 不定式作主语时，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语置于后面。即用“It is＋形容词/名词＋(for/of sb) to do sth”来代替。表示人的品质的形容词后用of To get there by air will take you only about two hours. 坐飞机去那里将只花费你两个小时。 It is kind of you to have given us so much help. 你真好，给予我们这么多的帮助。 作表语 当主语部分有what/all/everything不定代词和实义动词do(表示“做”)的某种形式，那么作表语可以不带to What we should do at the moment is (to) study hard. 目前我们要做的就是努力学习。 作宾语 常接不定式作宾语的动词：afford, agree, arrange, ask, care, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, aim, fail, long, happen, hesitate, struggle, attempt, volunteer, desire等 He agreed to join us in singing. 他同意和我们一起唱歌。 作宾语补足语 常接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词有：allow, ask, beg, cause, command, elect, forbid, force, get, help, intend, invite, would like, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, teach, tell, remind, train, want, warn, wish, advise, encourage, instruct, urge等 Try to persuade him to come. 尽量说服他来。 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：feel, hear, listen to, have, help, let, make, notice, see, watch等 We listened to him play a piece by Chopin on the piano. 我们倾听他用钢琴演奏肖邦的曲子。 作状语 不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果、原因、程度等。不定式作目的状语，常常置于句首，如果置于主句后，不定式前面常常没有逗号 To realize our dreams, we must work hard. 实现梦想，我们必须努力。 作定语 往往表示要做的事情 He has nothing to do. 他无事可做。 非谓语动词精练题 一、语法填空 1.　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.” 【答案】Recalling 【解析】分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词作状语，Edmondson和recall之间为主动关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填Recalling。 2.　(2021·全国甲卷)After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 【答案】spending 【解析】分析：题干中的线索词After为介词，其后接动词-ing作宾语。故填spending。 3.　(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered. 【答案】recording 【解析】分析：分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词。根据spent可知，此处考查“spend some time doing sth.”结构。故填recording。 4．The ancient building remained, (function) as shelters for many homeless people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】functioning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座古建筑仍然存在，为许多无家可归的人提供庇护。句中已有remained，空处作非谓语动词，function与逻辑主语The ancient building之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词functioning作状语。故填functioning。 5．Artificial Intelligence participates in our daily events, (extend) our intelligence, comprehending our feelings, and expanding the range of social activities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】extending 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人工智能参与我们的日常事务，它能拓展我们的智能、理解我们的情感，还能扩大社交活动的范围。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，Artificial Intelligence和extend为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填extending。 6．Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists (ruin) the atmosphere of peace? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ruining 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：乞力马扎罗山真的堪当“人满为患、游客众多，从而破坏了宁静氛围”这样的名声呢？空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，lines of tourists和ruin为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填ruining。 7．The bomb exploded, (trap) victims in the building. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】trapping 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：炸弹爆炸了，把受害者困在了大楼里。已有谓语动词exploded，“(trap) victims in the building”作结果状语，trap(把……困在)用非谓语形式，上文陈述的内容“The bomb exploded”与动词trap之间是逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词表示一种自然而然的结果。故填trapping。 8．The decorations represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】coming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些装饰象征着大地复苏和对新开始的美好祝愿。根据句子谓语represent以及所给词come与the earth的主谓关系可知，此空应用现在分词coming作后置定语。故填coming。 9.　They make great gifts and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 【答案】decorated 【解析】分析句子结构可知，句中them与decorate之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。 10　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants. 【答案】closed 【解析】句意：在寒冷的天气里，这个建筑物会关闭以保护植物。此处stay是系动词，设空处作表语，表示“关闭的”。故填closed。 11．Firemen had to break the door down to reach the people (trap) in the house. 【答案】trapped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：消防员不得不破门而入，解救被困在屋里的人们。此处是非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词people，动词trap和名词people是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填trapped。 12．The hardworking college student has read all the books (recommend) by his professor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】recommended 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位勤奋的大学生已经读完了教授推荐的所有书籍。句子谓语动词是has read，空处需要填入非谓语动词，修饰其前的名词books，且与books之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式recommended作后置定语，表示“被推荐的”。故填recommended。 13． (inspire) by the documentary, the students planted 500 trees on the hillside.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Inspired/Having been inspired 【详解】考查过去分词和现在分词完成式的被动结构。句意：受这部纪录片的启发，学生们在山坡上种了 500 棵树。设空处为非谓语动词，和主语之间是被动关系，可以直接用过去分词作状语；也可以强调“被启发”这一动作发生在“种树”之前，且对“种树”产生了影响，所以也可以用现在分词完成式的被动结构having been inspired，句首单词首字母大写，故填Inspired/Having been inspired。 14．The ancient temple, (locate) in the mountains, attracts thousands of tourists every year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】located 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座位于山中的古寺，每年吸引成千上万的游客。locate表示“使位于、坐落于”，locate与逻辑主语temple之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填located。 15．Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section (sign). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】signed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：18岁以下的志愿者必须让家长/监护人填写同意部分并签字。分析句子结构可知，这里考查“have + 宾语 + 过去分词”的固定结构，其中过去分词作宾语补足语，表被动含义；section与sign之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词signed。故填signed。 16． (design) for children under six, this toy has won great popularity. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Designed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这款玩具专为六岁以下儿童设计，深受喜爱。空格处是非谓语动词作状语，动词design与句子的主语this toy之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词designed作状语。首字母大写。故填Designed。 17.　(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 【答案】to catch 【详解】此处指国家公园尤其容易引起我们的注意。tend to do sth.“倾向于做某事”。因此，应填to_catch。 18.　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 【答案】to find 【详解】此处考查“be＋adj.＋to do”结构。be amazed to do sth.“对做某事感到惊讶”，故填to_find。 19　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 【答案】to be lifted 【详解】分析句子结构可知，allow是动词，them是宾语，所以设空处作宾语补足语。lift与them是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allow sth.to be done “允许某事被做”。故填to_be_lifted。 20．Passengers are reminded (take) all their personal belongings with them when they leave the plane. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to take 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：乘客们被提醒在离开飞机时带上所有个人物品。空格处需填非谓语动词，remind sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“提醒某人做某事”，其被动形式为sb. be reminded to do sth.，不定式to do作主语补足语，故填to take。 21．Mark volunteered (ride) the bus with Susan each morning and evening until she could manage it by herself. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to ride 【详解】考查不定式。句意：马克每天早晚主动和苏姗一起坐公共汽车，直到她自己能独自坐车。volunteer to do sth.主动做某事，不定式作宾语，故填to ride。 22．He hurried to the station, only (inform) that the train had left. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be informed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他匆匆赶到车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。only+动词不定式作结果状语是固定结构，强调意想不到的结果，由于主语He和括号中的inform之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即“他被告知”，要用动词不定式的被动语态结构to be done。故填to be informed。 23．The government troops were forced (withdraw). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to withdraw 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：政府军被迫撤退。根据空前的“were forced”可知，此处考查固定搭配be forced to do sth.，表示“被迫做某事”，所以空处需用动词不定式形式to withdraw，在句中作主语补足语。故填to withdraw。 24．The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be completed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明年完工的机场将有助于促进该地区的旅游业。此处应为非谓语动词作定语，根据时间状语next year可知，该动作将要发生，且complete与the airport之间为被动关系，需用动词不定式的被动语态。故填to be completed。 二、完成句子 1．I’m sorry to hear that you’re having trouble with your English. (为什么不每天花15分钟练习口语呢)? (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Why not spend 15 minutes practicing spoken English every day? 【详解】考查固定句型和固定短语。句意：听说你的英语有困难，我很难过。为什么不每天花15分钟练习英语口语呢？“为什么不做某事”是why not do sth.，表建议，“每天”是every day，“花时间做某事”是spend time (in) doing sth；“花15分钟练习口语”是spend 15 minutes practicing spoken English，位于句首的单词首字母大写，因此空格处是Why not spend 15 minutes practicing spoken English every day。故填Why not spend 15 minutes practicing spoken English every day? 2．首先，乘坐公共交通出行是节约能源和减少二氧化碳排放的有效方式。（动名词作主语） First, an effective way to save energy and reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. 【答案】taking public transportation for travel 【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据句意“乘坐公共交通出行”可用短语take public transportation for travel，作主语用动名词形式。故填taking public transportation for travel。 3．尽管又冷又累，每个运动员都尽了最大的努力完成了任务，同学们给了他们大声的欢呼和鼓励。(with 复合结构) Despite the coldness and tiredness, every athlete tried their best to finish the task, as well as encouragement. 【答案】with students giving them loud cheers 【详解】考查with复合结构。分析可知，句中“同学们给了他们大声的欢呼和鼓励”应处理with复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾补”，宾语“同学们”用students，复数形式表泛指，“给了他们大声的欢呼”用give them loud cheer，give和宾语students之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故填with students giving them loud cheers。 4．得知英语俱乐部计划举办一场英语辩论赛，并且需要主持人，我写信申请这个职位。（现在分词作原因状语）   and a host is in need, I’m writing to apply for the position. 【答案】Learning that the English Club plans to hold an English debate 【详解】考查非谓语动词、宾语从句、动词短语和名词。根据要求，需将“得知英语俱乐部计划举办一场英语辩论赛”译为现在分词短语作原因状语，“得知”可用动词learn表示；句子主语为I，“得知”这一动作为主语能够主动发出的动作，用现在分词learning。“英语俱乐部计划举办一场英语辩论赛”可译为一个宾语分句，由and连接，与另一宾语分句“the host is in need”在引导词that后，共同构成learning后的宾语从句。“英语俱乐部”为主语，译为the English Club；“计划做某事”用plan to do表示，且根据and后的分句使用一般现在时，此处也用现在时；“举办”用动词hold表示；“一场英语辩论赛”译为an English debate；故“英语俱乐部计划举办一场英语辩论赛”译为the English Club plans to hold an English debate。故填Learning that the English Club plans to hold an English debate。 5．每当客人来访时，向他们敬茶是一种基本的社会习俗。(动名词作主语) Whenever guests visit, a basic social custom. 【答案】offering a cup of tea to them is 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，“向他们敬茶”用动名词短语offering a cup of tea to them，作主句的主语，视为单数，谓语动词用is。故填offering a cup of tea to them is. 6．另一方面，与你的老师和同学相处融洽是至关重要的，你可以与他们分享你的快乐和悲伤。(it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语) On the other hand, , with whom you can share your happiness and sorrow. 【答案】it is vital to get along well with your teachers and classmates 【详解】考查固定句型和动词短语。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“与你的老师和同学相处融洽是至关重要的”，“……是至关重要的”可用固定句型it is vital to do...，其中it是形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语；“与……相处融洽”用动词短语get along well with...，“你的老师和同学”译为your teachers and classmates。故填it is vital to get along well with your teachers and classmates。 7．正如你所看到的，过去几年中国发展迅速，我们的生活方式和学习方式也发生了变化。(现在分词作结果状语) As you can see, the past few years has witnessed rapid development in China, . 【答案】changing our way of life and study 【详解】考查现在分词作结果状语。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“使我们的生活方式和学习方式也发生了变化”，可以整合意译为“change our way of life and study(改变了我们的生活和学习方式)”；前句描述过去几年中国发展迅速这一事实，空处应表示其结果，用现在分词短语表示自然产生的结果，在句中作结果状语，故change用现在分词形式。故填changing our way of life and study。 8．同样重要的是，我的汉语和英语都很流利，所以我在与他人交流时没有任何困难。(have difficulty in doing sth.句式) Equally important, I am fluent in both Chinese and English, so I . 【答案】have no difficulty in communicating with others 【详解】考查固定句型。根据“在与他人交流时没有任何困难”及“have difficulty in doing sth.”可知，此处需用否定形式have no difficulty in doing sth.，“与他人交流”用communicating with others。故填have no difficulty in communicating with others. 9．这次活动的目的是要鼓励学生们更深入地了解中国历史，传播中国文化。（不定式作表语） The purpose of this event and spread Chinese culture. 【答案】is to encourage students to have a deeper understanding of Chinese history 【详解】考查动词不定式和动词短语。根据句意以及句子提示要求可知，题目规定用不定式作表语，基本结构为主语 + be 动词 + to do sth.，用来解释主语的具体内容。本句主语是The purpose of this event（这次活动的目的），对应的be动词用 is。“鼓励某人做某事”用动词短语encourage sb. to do sth.“更深入地了解中国历史”应为动词短语 have a deeper understanding of Chinese history。故填is to encourage students to have a deeper understanding of Chinese history。 10．所以，从第二天起，他放下锄头，坐在树桩前，等待另一只兔子被杀死。(现在分词作伴随状语) So, from the next day on, he put down his hoe and sat in front of the stump, . 【答案】waiting for another rabbit to be killed 【详解】考查现在分词作伴随状语。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“等待另一只兔子被杀死”，“等待”使用动词短语wait for，“另一只兔子”翻译为another rabbit，由于句子已有谓语动词“put down”和“sat”，所以“等待”这一动作需用非谓语动词形式，与主语“he”之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式作伴随状语，即waiting for another rabbit (to do sth.)；“杀死”kill与rabbit之间为被动关系，用动词不定式的被动式作宾语补足语，即waiting for another rabbit to be killed。故填waiting for another rabbit to be killed。 11．我写信是想邀请您参加我校茶艺协会成立六周年的庆祝活动。(invite sb. to do sth. ) I’m writing to ( ) for the 6th anniversary of the Tea Art Association of our school. 【答案】invite you to participate in the celebration 【详解】考查不定式。invite sb. to do sth.表示“邀请某人做某事”，“邀请您”即invite you ；“参加”常用participate in表达 ；“庆祝活动”表达为the celebration作宾语 。故填invite you to participate in the celebration。 12．这是一个锻炼身体和欣赏乡村美景的好机会。(it作形式主语) and enjoy the beautiful view in the countryside. 【答案】It is a good chance to exercise 【详解】考查it作形式主语。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“这是一个锻炼身体的好机会”，结合题目要求“it作形式主语”，可知主干为主系表结构，用动词不定式作真正的主语；it作形式主语，句子陈述事实，用一般现在时，be动词用is，表示“一个好机会”应用a good chance，作表语；“锻炼身体”用动词exercise，真正的主语为不定式短语，即“to exercise and enjoy the beautiful view in the countryside”。故填It is a good chance to exercise。 13．得知你在即将到来的寒假期间将不得不留在中国而不回家，我写信邀请你和我的家人一起过春节。(现在分词作原因状语) during the upcoming winter vacation, I’m writing to invite you to spend the Spring Festival with my family. 【答案】Knowing that you will have to stay in China instead of going home 【详解】考查非谓语动词和宾语从句。表示“得知”应用know，后面接that引导的宾语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词没有含义；表示“你”应用you；表示“不得不”应用have to do，结合时间状语during the upcoming winter vacation，使用一般将来时；表示“留在中国”应用stay in China，此处使用动词原形；表示“而不是”应用instead of；表示“回家”应用go home，位于介词of后面，使用动名词形式作宾语，know和I为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作原因状语。故填Knowing that you will have to stay in China instead of going home。 14．这个寒假，我回老家去看望了我的爷爷奶奶。(不定式作目的状语) This winter vacation, I went back to my hometown . 【答案】to visit my grandparents 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“看望了我的爷爷奶奶”表达为“visit my grandparents”来表示目的，此处作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填to visit my grandparents。 15．要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西尽管还新鲜，但不能用了。（too... to...） Either your shopping is or you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. 【答案】too heavy to carry home 【详解】考查固定句型和动词短语。根据句意，此处需表达“太重，搬不回家”，使用“too +形容词+ to do sth.”为固定结构，表示“重”译为heavy，“搬回家”译为carry home。故填too heavy to carry home。 16．我写信是想和你分享我上个月和我的同学一起参加的志愿活动。（动词不定式作目的状语） I am writing I took part in last month with my classmates. 【答案】to share with you the volunteer activity (that/which) 【详解】考查非谓语动词、动词短语、名词和定语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“是想和你分享志愿活动”。“是想和你分享”应用固定短语share with you，根据提示可知，share应用动词不定式形式，在句中作目的状语；“志愿活动”应用名词短语the volunteer activity，作share的宾语；空后I took part in为定语从句，修饰先行词the volunteer activity，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作in的宾语，应用关系代词that或which来引导，也可省略。故填to share with you the volunteer activity (that/which)。 17．Teachers always encourage students to (参加) extracurricular activities to develop their comprehensive abilities. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 participate/join in 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：老师们总是鼓励学生参加课外活动，以培养他们的综合能力。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定结构，此处需用动词原形；“参加（活动）”对应的英文短语是participate/join in。故填①participate/join；②in。 18．From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps . 从广播到街头艺术，这只是17个非常独特的度假营中的4个。 【答案】 being offered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。空处需要非谓语动词作定语。此处用动词offer“提供”，该动词和其逻辑主语camps之间为被动关系，同时此处强调的是当前存在的状态，需用现在分词的被动式“being done”来体现“正在被提供。故填①being ②offered。 19．We are filled with a sense of excitement, what camping fun and adventure we will experience next. 我们充满了一种兴奋感，想知道接下来我们将体验到什么露营的乐趣和冒险。(不强调与谓语动词的先后顺序) 【答案】wondering 【详解】考查现在分词。动词wonder表示“想知道”，由谓语are filled可知，空处应用wonder的非谓语动词形式，与谓语的动作同时发生，且与主语We之间为主动关系，故应用其现在分词形式，作伴随状语。故填wondering。 20． (是很方便的) compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】It is convenient to 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：在我购买之前，比较不同网店的质量和价格是很方便的。“做某事是……的”常用固定句型“It is +形容词 +to do sth.”来表达，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式；“方便的”常见英文表达为convenient。故填It is convenient to。 21．他正在考虑放弃学业，这时有消息传来说他被一所著名大学录取了。(consider) study when word came that he had been admitted to a famous university. 【答案】He was considering giving up 【详解】考查固定句型。主语为he；表示“正在做某事，这时……”句型为be doing sth. when...，表示“考虑做某事”短语为consider doing sth.；表示“放弃”用give up。根据后文came可知此处为过去进行时。故填He was considering giving up。 22．你应该格外的细心，这样才能避免被空中乱飞的石头砸中。 You should be extremely careful to avoid by the stones flying around. (hit) 【答案】being hit 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“被砸中”短语为be hit by，且上文为短语avoid doing sth.。故填being hit。 23．看到他熟练地从两块大石头之间把车开走的时候，我们都惊呆了。 It shocked us him skillfully drive away from the narrow space between two big rocks. (see) 【答案】to see 【详解】考查不定式。“It + 谓语 + sb. + to do sth.”是常用结构，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。“看到他从……开走”即to see him drive away from...。故填to see。 24．你的朋友可能会无休止地在网上发自拍，炫耀他们漂亮的衣服或强壮的体格，你也更容易陷入和他们的比较之中。 Your friends may post a never-ending series of photos online to their beautiful dresses or strong bodies, and it becomes easier for you to compare yourself them. 【答案】 show off to 【详解】考查动词短语。第一空，表示“炫耀”应用动词短语show off，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形；第二空，表示“和……比较……”应用动词短语compare...to...。故填①show off；②to。 25．我气坏了，一整天我在学校都躲着她，到现在也不想回复她网上发过来的任何消息。 I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day, I still don’t feel like any of her online messages. 【答案】 and responding to 【详解】考查连词和短语。“我气坏了，一整天我在学校都躲着她”和“到现在也不想回复她网上发过来的任何消息”为顺承关系，用and连接；表示“回复……”用respond to，feel like doing“想做某事”是固定搭配，因此respond用动名词形式。故填and；responding to。 ( 第 1 页 共 6 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $