期末复习Unit 5-8 语法高频考点、重难点讲义-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 5-8 语法高频考点、重难点讲义 ◇Part 01 过去进行时的用法 考点一、过去进行时的用法： · 过去进行时用于描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。 例：I was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night. （昨晚8点我正在看电视。） · 过去进行时也可用于描述过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作。 例：They were playing basketball from 3 to 5 yesterday afternoon. （他们昨天下午3点到5点一直在打篮球。） 【即讲即练】 1．At this time yesterday, I ________ for the bus. A．wait B．waited C．was waiting D．am waiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天的这个时候，我正在等公交车。 wait等待；waited等待(过去式)；was waiting正在等待(过去进行时)；am waiting正在等待(现在进行时)。根据时间状语“At this time yesterday”可知，句子表示过去某一特定时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为 was/were + doing。主语是I，be 动词用was。 2．—What did your father say to you just now? —He asked me what I ________ at that moment. A．am doing B．was doing C．will do D．do 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你父亲刚才对你说了什么？——他问我那一刻正在做什么。 主句He asked me是一般过去时，what引导的宾语从句需用过去的某种时态。根据时间状语at that moment可知动作在过去某一时刻正在进行，应用过去进行时，应填was doing。 考点二、过去进行时的各种句式结构： · 肯定句：主语+was/were+现在分词+其他. 当主语是第一人称单数（I）或第三人称单数（he/she/it 等）时，用 was；当主语是第二人称（you）或复数（we/they 等）时，用 were。 例：I was reading a novel at 9 p.m.我晚上9点正在读小说。 He was playing basketball when I saw him.我看见他时，他正在打篮球。 · 否定句：主语+was/were+not+现在分词+其他. was not 可缩写为 wasn't，were not 可缩写为 weren't。 例：I was not sleeping at midnight. 我午夜时分没在睡觉。 He wasn't watching TV when you called.你打电话时，他没在看电视。 · 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t. 例：Was he sleeping when you got home?你到家时他正在睡觉吗？ Were you studying at 10 last night?你昨晚10点在看书吗？ · 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 现在分词+其他? 例：What were you doing at 8 o'clock? 你8点的时候在做什么？ Where were they waiting for us?他们当时在哪里等我们？ 【即讲即练】 1．My father was reading a newspaper from four to five yesterday afternoon. (改为一般疑问句) ________ ________ father ________ a newspaper from four to five yesterday afternoon? 【答案】 Was your reading 【详解】句意：昨天下午四点到五点我的父亲正在看报纸。原句是过去进行时的肯定句，结构为“was/were+现在分词”。改为一般疑问句时，需将be动词（was）提前至句首，并将第一人称物主代词My改为第二人称your。 2．The boys were playing soccer on the playground. (改为否定句) The boys ________ ________ soccer on the playground. 【答案】 weren’t playing 【详解】句意：男孩们正在操场上踢足球。原句是过去进行时态，结构为“was/were+动词的现在分词”，过去进行时的否定形式是在“was/were”后直接加“not”，可以缩写为“wasn’t/weren’t”，现在分词playing不变。故填weren’t；playing。 3．Amy isn’t learning French. (用last year改写句子) _____________________________________________ 【答案】Amy wasn’t learning French last year. 【详解】句意：艾米现在没有在学法语。用last year改写句子，需将原句改为过去进行时，因此将“isn’t”改为“wasn’t”。故填Amy wasn’t learning French last year. 4．They watch a film. (用from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. yesterday改写) They ________________ a film from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. yesterday. 【答案】were watching 【详解】句意：他们看电影。根据“from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. yesterday”可知，此处表达的是过去某一段时间内一直在做的事情，应用过去进行时，主语是they，be动词用were，故填were watching。 5．She likes reading books very much. （改成过去进行时的句子） She ________ always ________ books last year. 【答案】 was reading 【详解】句意：她非常喜欢读书。根据过去进行时构成：主语+was/were+动词现在分词，主语是she，所以用was，read“阅读”现在分词是reading，故填was；reading。 6．—Was she walking home when the thunder came? (作肯定回答) —________, she ________. 【答案】 Yes was 【详解】句意：——打雷的时候，她正在走路回家吗？ ——是的，她是。过去进行时的一般疑问句，肯定回答结构为：“Yes, 主语+was/were.”，主语为she，be动词用was。故填Yes；was。 7．—Were you talking when the teacher came in? (作出回答) —Yes, I ________. /No, I ________. 【答案】 was wasn’t 【详解】句意：——老师进来的时候你正在说话吗？——是的，我在说话。/不是，我没有在说话。结合题干可知，时态是过去进行时，该句是以be动词位于句首的一般疑问句，肯定回答为“Yes, 主语+be动词”，否定回答为“No, 主语+be动词+not”。结合主语为“I”，第一空要填“was”，第二空要填“wasn’t”。故填was；wasn’t。 考点三、过去进行时的时间状语： · 和过去进行时连用的时间状语有： （1）表示过去的某个具体时间点，如at ten yesterday evening、at 8 o'clock last night、at noon yesterday、at that moment last week、this time yesterday。 例：I was doing my homework at 8 o'clock last night.昨晚8点，我正在做作业。 She was talking on the phone at that moment.她当时正在接电话。 （2）表示过去的某个时间段，如from eight to twelve yesterday、all day yesterday。 例：They were playing tennis from 2 to 4 yesterday.昨天2点到4点，他们一直在打网球。 We were traveling around Europe during the holiday.假期期间，我们环游了欧洲。 【即讲即练】 1．She ________ (not do) her homework at 7 p.m. yesterday. She was watching TV. 【答案】wasn’t doing 【详解】句意：昨晚七点她没在写作业，她正在看电视。句中at 7 p.m. yesterday是过去具体时刻，该时间点动作正在进行，要用过去进行时的否定形式，结构为was/were not+doing，主语She为单数，故填wasn’t doing。 2．They ________ (have) a meeting from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon. 【答案】were having 【详解】句意：昨天下午两点到四点他们正在开会。句中from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon是过去一段持续的时间段，动作在该时段正在进行，要用过去进行时，结构为was/were+doing，主语They为复数，故填were having。 3．I ________ (sleep) when you called me last night. 【答案】was sleeping 【详解】句意：昨晚你给我打电话时，我正在睡觉。句中when引导时间状语从句，从句called为一般过去时，短暂动作发生时主句动作正在进行，要用过去进行时，结构为was/were+doing，主语I搭配was，故填was sleeping。 · when, while引导的时间状语从句。 （1）while引导的从句中的动词多为延续性动词，强调两个动作同时进行，两个句子都可以用过去进行时。 例：While my mother was cooking, the doorbell rang. （我妈妈正在做饭时，门铃响了。） While I was reading, he was watching TV. （我在看书，他在看电视。） （2）when引导的从句中的动词多为短暂性动词，过去进行时通常用在主句中。 例：I was walking in the street when someone called my name. （我正在街上走，突然有人叫我的名字。） 【即讲即练】 1．The children ________ happily on the playground when it suddenly started to rain. A．play B．played C．were playing D．are playing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当突然开始下雨时，孩子们正在操场上快乐地玩耍。 根据“when it suddenly started to rain”可知，when引导的时间状语从句采用一般过去时，表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作被另一个动作打断，主句应用过去进行时，其谓语结构为：was/were+现在分词。主语The children为复数，be动词用were。应填were playing。 2．While she ________ TV, someone knocked on the door. A．watched B．was watching C．watches D．is watching 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当她正在看电视时，有人敲门。 watched观看（过去式）；was watching正在观看（过去进行时）；watches观看（第三人称单数）；is watching正在观看（现在进行时）。while引导的时间状语从句强调动作正在进行，根据主句的谓语动词“knocked”可知，此处表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作，从句应用过去进行时。 3．Tom was sleeping. Mary was reading.（用while合并句子） While Tom ________ ________, Mary was reading. 【答案】 was sleeping 【详解】句意：当汤姆正在睡觉的时候，玛丽正在阅读。原句中“Tom was sleeping”和“Mary was reading”均为过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。while意为“当……时候”，常用来连接两个同时发生的持续性动作，前后分句的时态通常保持一致。故填was；sleeping。 4．I was watching TV. My mother came in.（用when合并句子） I ________ ________ TV when my mother came in. 【答案】 was watching 【详解】句意：我正在看电视，这时我妈妈进来了。原句“watch TV”是过去正在进行的持续性动作，应用过去进行时was/were + doing；“came in”是瞬间发生的动作，应用一般过去时。固定结构was/were doing…when…表示“正在做某事，这时突然……”。题目后半部分已给出“when my mother came in”，主句主语为“I”，因此be动词用was，动词watch变为现在分词watching。 考点四、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 （1）过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 （2）表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want）不能用于过去进行时。 例：I was reading a book.（过去正在读） I read a book.（读完了） She was writing a letter.（正在写） She wrote a letter.（写完了） 【即讲即练】 1．—What did you do during the weekend? —I ________ a new novel about Anhui local stories the whole weekend. A．read B．am reading C．was reading D．have read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你周末做了什么？——我整个周末都在读一本关于安徽本土故事的小说。考查过去进行时。“the whole weekend”强调**过去一整段时间持续进行**的动作，用过去进行时。故选C。 ◇Part 02 从属连词so...that、unless和as soon as的用法 考点一、so...that引导结果状语从句的用法 so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。 · 基本结构：主语+谓语+ so +形容词/副词+ that从句（so 后面加形容词或副词） 例：The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it alone.这个箱子是如此重以至于我一个人抬不动。 This storybook is so interesting that I can’t put it down. 这本故事书如此有趣，以至于我放不下它。 【即讲即练】 1．The new culture was ________ different from her own ________ she felt a strong culture shock. A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to D．enough; to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这种新文化如此不同于她自己的文化，以至于她感到了强烈的文化冲击。 根据句意前后是因果关系，可排除too…to…、enough…to…；根据different是形容词，可知要用so+形容词+that从句；such后面要接名词短语，不能直接修饰形容词，因此选so；that。 2．The movie was ________ boring ________ I fell asleep. A．too; to B．so; that C．very; that D．such; that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部电影如此无聊，以至于我睡着了。 too...to...太……而不能……，后接动词原形，不能接句子；so...that...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句；very不能与that连用构成结果状语从句，such...that...如此……以至于……，但其结构为such+(a/an)+……(形容词)+名词+that从句。本题空格后直接是形容词boring，没有名词，应填so；that。 · 当that引导的结果状语从句是肯定句时，so...that...可以与be...enough to do进行转换；当that引导的结果状语从句是否定句时，so ...that...可与too...to...或be not ...enough to do进行转换。 例：The girl is so young that she can’t go to school. = The girl is too young to go to school. = The girl is not old enough togo to school.这个女孩太小了，不能去上学。 【即讲即练】 1．My son is too young to join the army. (改为同义句) My son is ________ young ________ he can’t join the army. 【答案】 so that 【详解】句意：我儿子年龄太小，不能参军。改为同义句，原句中的too young to join表示“太年轻而不能参军”，可替换为so young that...can’t...，即“如此年轻以至于不能……”。应填so；that。 2．The boy is so young that he can’t have the right to vote.（改为同义句） The boy isn’t ________ ________ ________ have the right to vote. The boy is ________ young ________ have the right to vote. 【答案】 old enough to too to 【详解】句意：这个男孩年纪太小以至于没有权利投票。第一句改写用到的结构是not+形容词+enough to do sth.，表示“不够……而不能做某事”，原句的“so young”可以替换成not old enough。第二句用到的结构是too+形容词+to do sth.，表示“太……而不能做某事”。 原句的“so young that he can’t”可以直接替换成too young to。 3．Because she studied hard, she passed the exam.（改为同义句） She studied ________ hard ________ she passed the exam. 【答案】 so that 【详解】句意：因为她学习努力，所以通过了考试。原句为因果关系，本题考查so...that...固定结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，符合两句逻辑。故填so；that。 4．He was so careless that he caused an accident. (改为同义句) He was careless ________ ________ cause an accident. 【答案】 enough to 【详解】句意：他如此粗心，以至于造成了一场事故。原句结构：so+形容词+that 从句（如此……以至于……） ；同义转换结构：形容词+enough to do sth.表示：足够…… 去做某事；so careless that…可以与careless enough to…互换。 5．Peter was very angry. He couldn’t control himself. （改为同义句，用so… that） Peter was ________ angry ________ he couldn’t control himself. 【答案】 so that 【详解】句意：彼得非常生气。他完全控制不住自己了。本句要求用so… that改为同义句，句子结构为so+形容词/副词+that+从句。故填so；that。 · so...that...和such...that 结构的区别： 两结构的区别在于so后接“形容词/副词”，such后接“名词短语”（形容词+名词）。 （1）such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that从句 例：Sun Yingsha is such a good ping-pong player that everyone likes her.孙颖莎是如此优秀的一名乒乓球运动员，以至于每个人都喜欢她。 （2）such +形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数 + that从句 例：They are such cute dogs that kids love playing with them.（这些狗太可爱了，孩子们都喜欢和它们玩） 【即讲即练】 1．Guangzhou is ________ many people enjoy travelling there. A．so a wonderful city that B．such a wonderful city that C．so wonderful city that D．such wonderful a city that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：广州是一座如此棒的城市，以至于很多人喜欢去那里旅游。 本句是so/such ... that引导的结果状语从句，结构为“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句”或者“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句”。A项中a和wonderful的顺序错误，C项city是可数名词单数，需加不定冠词a，D项wonderful与a的顺序错误，只有B选项符合语法规则。 2．Wuxi Huishan clay figurines are ________ cute works of art ________ they are famous all over China. A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to D．enough; to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：无锡惠山泥人是如此可爱的艺术品，以至于它们在全中国都很出名。 such...that...和 so...that...均表示“如此……以至于……”，such修饰名词或名词短语，so修饰形容词或副词；too...to...和 enough...to...后接动词原形，不接从句。根据“...cute works of art...they are famous...”可知，空后是名词短语“cute works of art”，且后接that引导的从句，应用such...that...结构。 考点二、unless引导的条件状语从句用法 unless意为“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句。 · 基本结构：主句 + unless + 从句。从句可前置或后置，从句前置时用逗号分隔。 例：The game won’t start unless everyone is ready.除非所有人都准备好，否则比赛不会开始。 In Brazil, people often hug friends when meeting unless they are strangers.在巴西，人们见面时通常会拥抱朋友，除非对方是陌生人。 【即讲即练】 1．Friendship won’t last long ________ we learn to understand and support each other from the heart. A．since B．though C．while D．unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：友谊不会长久，除非我们学会发自内心地理解和支持彼此。 since自从；though虽然；while当……时；unless除非。“友谊长久”的前提条件是“我们学会发自内心地理解和支持彼此”，此处表达“除非……”的含义，用unless引导条件状语从句。 2．You may not understand the true meaning of a poem ________ you read it again and again. A．unless B．when C．since D．before 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你可能无法理解一首诗的真正含义，除非你一遍又一遍地读它。 unless除非；when当……时候；since自从；因为；before在……之前。根据“You may not understand the true meaning of a poem.”及“you read it again and again”可知，前后句为条件关系，表示“除非”反复阅读否则无法理解，unless引导条件状语从句符合语境。 · 时态搭配：主句和从句的时态遵循“主将从现”（主句用将来时，从句用现在时表将来）。 例：She will feel tired unless she gets enough sleep.如果她没有得到足够的睡眠，她会感到疲惫。 【即讲即练】 1．Your uncle won’t be able to see the first half of the match unless he ________ (hurry). 【答案】hurries 【详解】句意：除非你叔叔快点，否则他将看不到比赛的上半场。根据“unless”引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。从句主语he为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式hurries。 2．We will go on a trip to the Huishan Ancient Town unless it ________ (rain) tomorrow. 【答案】rains 【详解】句意：除非明天下雨，否则我们将去惠山古镇旅行。本句为“unless”引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的时态规则，主句为一般将来时 (We will go...)，从句要用一般现在时表示将来；从句主语为“it”，谓语动词应用三单形式rains。 3．You won’t find out how much Wuxi people love music unless you really ________ (stand) here. 【答案】stand 【详解】句意：除非你真的站在这里，否则你不会发现无锡人有多热爱音乐。unless引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；从句主语是you，因此动词用原形stand。 · unless从句可转换为“if...not”结构，但语义略有差异，unless更强调“唯一排除条件”。 例：People can stay safe if they prepare for natural disasters.= People can’t stay safe unless they prepare for natural disasters.如果人们为自然灾害做好准备，他们就能保持安全。 【即讲即练】 1．If you don’t do your best, your dream won’t come true. (改为同义句) Your dream won’t come true________ you do your best. 【答案】unless 【详解】句意：除非你尽全力，否则你的梦想不会实现。原句为if引导的条件状语从句，if...not（如果不）等同于unless（除非）。故填unless。 2．We will go hiking if it is sunny tomorrow. (同义句转换) We won’t go hiking ________ it ________ sunny tomorrow. 【答案】 unless is 【详解】句意：如果明天天气晴朗，我们就去远足。原句中if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果……就……”。同义句可用unless转换，意为“除非……否则不……”，即“除非明天天气晴朗，否则我们不去远足”。unless引导的从句用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，be动词用is。 考点三、as soon as引导时间状语从句的用法 as soon as意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，强调“两个动作在时间上紧密衔接”，主句动作在从句动作完成后立即发生。 · 基本结构与时态规则 基本结构：主句 + as soon as + 从句（从句可前置或后置，前置时用逗号分隔）。 例：The clever boy called 120 as soon as his mother fell down in the kitchen.他的妈妈一在厨房摔倒，这个聪明的男孩就拨打了120。 The security guard rushed to warn people off the beach as soon as he heard about the tsunami.保安一听到海啸的消息就冲过去警告人们离开海滩。 【即讲即练】 1．The class meeting will begin ________ the head teacher arrives. A．as long as B．as soon as C．so that D．even if 【答案】B 【详解】句意：班主任一到，班会就开始。 as long as只要；as soon as一……就……；so that以便，为了；even if即使。分析句子逻辑，主句“班会开始”与从句“班主任到达”之间存在时间上的紧承关系；根据语境，班主任到达是班会开始的时间触发点，需选用表示时间的连词短语，即as soon as。 2．________ the mother walked into the classroom, her kids shouted “Happy Mother’s Day” to her. A．So that B．As soon as C．In order that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位母亲一走进教室，她的孩子们就对她大喊“母亲节快乐”。 So that以便；为了；As soon as一……就……；In order that为了。根据句意，前半句“母亲走进教室”和后半句“孩子们喊母亲节快乐”是紧接着发生的两个动作，存在时间上的先后承接关系，应用表示时间的连词。As soon as引导时间状语从句，符合逻辑。应填As soon as。 · 时态搭配：遵循“主将从现”。主句用将来时，从句用现在时表将来。 例：We will go out to fly a kite as soon as the rain stops.雨一停，我们就出去放风筝。 Helen is going to talk with you as soon as she finishes her work.海伦打算一完成工作就和你谈谈。 【即讲即练】 1．The owner will post the book to me as soon as she ________ (receive) my money. 【答案】receives 【详解】句意：书的主人一收到我的钱就会把书寄给我。句中as soon as引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主语she是第三人称单数，谓语动词receive用第三人称单数形式receives。 2．I ________ (call) you as soon as I finish my homework. 【答案】will call 【详解】句意：我一做完作业就给你打电话。as soon as引导时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”，从句用一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时。故填will call。 3．—Can you give Tim this book? —Sure, I _________ (give) it to him as soon as he _________ (come) to see me. 【答案】 will give comes 【详解】句意：——你能把这本书给蒂姆吗？——当然，他一来看我，我就给他。as soon as引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。第一空为主句，应用一般将来时will give；第二空为从句，主语he是第三人称单数，动词come应用第三人称单数形式comes。故填will give；comes。 4．A new smart wristband for the elderly can monitor their health conditions as soon as a certain vital sign of the wearer ________. (change) 【答案】changes 【详解】句意：一款新型老年人智能手环能在佩戴者的某个生命体征一发生变化时就监测他们的健康状况。“as soon as”引导时间状语从句，主句用情态动词“can+动词原形”表能力，从句描述客观情况，用一般现在时；从句主语“a certain vital sign”是第三人称单数，谓语动词需用三单形式。故填changes。 ◇Part 03 现在分词和过去分词的用法区别 考点一、现在分词和过去分词在句子中常作定语和表语。 · 作定语 现在分词，修饰名词时表主动或进行，可前置或后置；过去分词，修饰名词时表被动或完成，可前置或后置。 · 作表语 现在分词描述主语的特征或性质（常译作“令人……的”），主语多为事物，过去分词描述主语的状态或感受（常译作“感到……的”），主语多为人。 例：He was surprised to see his old friend at the airport.在机场见到老朋友，他感到很惊讶。 She felt embarrassed when she heard the embarrassing joke in public.当她在公共场合听到那个令人尴尬的笑话时，她感到尴尬。 His confusing explanation left the students feeling confused.他令人困惑的解释让学生们感到困惑。 The movie was so interesting that all the audience became interested in its story.这部电影如此有趣，以至于所有观众都对它的故事产生了兴趣。 【即讲即练】 1．—Why did you look so ________? —Because I made an ________ mistake. I used my left hand to pass food in India. A．embarrassed; embarrassing B．embarrassing; embarrassed C．embarrassed; embarrassed D．embarrassing; embarrassing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你为什么看起来这么尴尬？——因为我犯了一个令人尴尬的错误。我在印度用左手传递食物。 embarrassed意为“感到尴尬的”，常用来修饰人；embarrassing意为“令人尴尬的”，常用来修饰物。第一空主语是you，表示人的感受，应该用embarrassed；第二空修饰mistake，表示事物的性质，应该用embarrassing。 2．The ________ news made all of us feel ________. A．surprising; surprised B．surprised; surprising C．surprising; surprising D．surprised; surprised 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这则令人吃惊的消息让我们所有人都感到吃惊。 surprising令人吃惊的，常修饰物；surprised感到吃惊的，常修饰人。第一空修饰news（物），应用surprising；第二空形容us（人）的感受，应用surprised。 ◇Part 04 现在完成时的用法（already、yet、never、ever、just、since、for） 考点一、现在完成时的用法： · 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例：Have you had breakfast? 你吃早餐了吗？（关注“是否吃过了”） · 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 例：My father has worked in this factory since he graduated from university.我父亲自从大学毕业以来就一直在这家工厂工作。 Since last year, our school has offered free breakfasts to students in need.自从去年以来，我们学校一直为需要的学生提供免费早餐。 【即讲即练】 1．— How is your class’s play for the Red Drama Festival? — We ________ the whole play, and we’re ready for the show now. A．finished B．will finish C．have finished D．were finishing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你们班红色戏剧节的剧目怎么样了？——我们已经完成了整个剧目，我们现在准备好演出了。 根据“we’re ready for the show now”可知，完成剧目的动作发生在过去，但对现在造成了影响（现在已准备好），强调过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。 2．—Schools across China ________ from “scores first” to “health first” recently. —Yes, it’s taken under China’s 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) for high-quality education development. A．moved B．have moved C．are moving D．will move 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——最近，全国各地的学校已经从“分数第一”转向了“健康第一”。——是的，这是在中国“十五五”规划 (2026-30)下采取的高质量教育发展措施。 根据句中时间状语“recently”可知，动作发生在过去但对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时，其结构是“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语是复数，用助动词have，move的过去分词是moved。 3．—What do you think of the film Zootopia 2? —It’s wonderful. I ________ it twice already. A．see B．saw C．have seen D．will see 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得《疯狂动物城 2》这部电影怎么样？——它很棒。我已经看过它两次了。 see看见（动词原形）；saw看见（过去式）；have seen已经看过（现在完成时）；will see将要看见（一般将来时）。根据答语中的关键词“already”和“twice”可知，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或经历，应用现在完成时，结构是：主语+have/has+过去分词，应填have seen。 考点二、现在完成时的基本结构： · 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他。 当主语是第一人称（I、we）、第二人称（you）或复数（they 等）时，用 have；当主语是第三人称单数（he、she、it 等）时，用 has。 例：She has worked as a volunteer in the nature reserve for five years.她五年前开始在自然保护区从事志愿服务工作。 These natural wonders have existed for thousands of years.这些自然奇观已经存在了数千年。 · 否定句：主语 + have/has + not +动词过去分词 + 其他。 have not 可缩写为 haven't，has not 可缩写为 hasn't。 例：I haven’t heard from my pen pal since last month.自从上个月以来我就没有收到我笔友的来信。 My father hasn’t lived here for thirty years. 我父亲已经不住在这里30年了。 · 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ 回答：肯定 Yes, I have. /Yes, she has. ；否定 No, she hasn't. /No, I haven't. 例： —Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？ —Yes, twice. It’s amazing.去过，两次了。太壮观了。 Has Miss Gao taught in the school for 5 years?高老师在这所学校教了五年书吗？ · 特殊疑问句：①特殊疑问词 + have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？（疑问词不作主语） ②疑问词 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他成分？（疑问词作主语） 例：What have you done?（你做了什么？） How many English novels have you read since you entered middle school?自从你上中学以来，你读过多少本英文小说？ Who has broken the window? （谁打破了窗户？） What has happened? （发生了什么？） 【即讲即练】 1．We keep in touch with each other. We met 8 months ago. (for) (用现在完成时合并句子) _______________________________________________________ 【答案】We have kept in touch with each other for eight months. 【详解】句意：我们已经互相保持联系八个月了。用for引导时间段“eight months”，主句用现在完成时，keep in touch变为have kept in touch ； met 8 months ago转换为for eight months。 2．He has been a volunteer for the Red Cross for five years. （改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） — ________ he ________ a volunteer for the Red Cross for five years? — ________, he ________. 【答案】 Has been Yes has 【详解】句意：他已经当了五年红十字会志愿者。本句时态为现在完成时，主语He为第三人称单数，变一般疑问句将助动词“has”提至句首，句首字母大写；过去分词“been”不变，位于主语之后；肯定回答用“Yes, he has”。 3．She has finished reading the novel since last Wednesday.（改为否定句） She ________ ________ reading the novel since last Wednesday. 【答案】 hasn’t finished 【详解】句意：她从上周三开始就已经读完这本小说了。原句时态为现在完成时，助动词是has。现在完成时变否定句的核心规则是：在助动词has/have后加not，缩写为hasn’t，动词形式保持不变。 4．She has been working on her cross-cultural project since last week.（改为一般疑问句） ________ she ________ working on her cross-cultural project since last week? 【答案】 Has been 【详解】句意：自上周以来，她一直在做她的跨文化项目。(改为一般疑问句)。原句是现在完成进行时(结构为“has been + 现在分词”)，变一般疑问句时需将助动词“Has”提前至句首，“been”保持原形，即“Has she been working on her cross-cultural project since last week?”。故填①Has；②been。 5．He began to study English two years ago. (改为现在完成时) He ________ ________ English for two years. 【答案】 has studied 【详解】句意：他从两年前开始学英语。原句为一般过去时，需改为现在完成时。现在完成时的结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语“He”是第三人称单数，故助动词用has；“study”的过去分词为studied。故填has；studied。 6．—Has our history teacher shown the picture to us yet? (进行肯定回答) —Yes, our history teacher ________ ________ ________ the picture to us. 【答案】 has already shown 【详解】句意：我们的历史老师已经给我们看这张图片了吗？此处是Has引导的一般疑问句，问句是现在完成时，答句需保持时态不变；主语our history teacher是第三人称单数，助动词仍用has，show的过去分词为shown；问句中的yet，在肯定句中需替换为already“已经”，且通常放在助动词has和过去分词shown之间。 7．Has the Chinese Men’s National Football Team won the last match yet? (作否定回答) ______, ______ ______. 【答案】 No it hasn’t 【详解】句意：中国国家男子足球队已经赢得上一场比赛了吗？现在完成时的一般疑问句结构为“Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？”，否定回答用“No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t.”。主语是“Chinese Men’s National Football Team”，为第三人称单数，助动词用has，否定回答用No, it hasn’t。故填No；it；hasn’t。 考点三、动词原形变动词过去分词的规则 · 一般情况，在词尾直接加-ed，如：work → worked · 以e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d，如： live → lived · 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-ed，如：study → studied · 末尾为重读闭音节的动词，先双写末尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop → stopped · 以“辅音字母+元音+辅音”结尾且重读的动词，先双写末尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：plan → planned · 不规则的需要重点记忆，不仅仅限于所列的这些，注意积累： go→gone、 do→done、 get→got、 make→made、 cost→cost、 be→been、keep→kept 【即讲即练】 1．Have you ever _________ this famous novel? A．read B．reads C．reading D．to read 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你曾经读过这本著名的小说吗？ read读（原形/过去式/过去分词）；reads读（第三人称单数）；reading读（现在分词）；to read读（动词不定式）。根据“Have you ever...”可知，句子是现在完成时的一般疑问句，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，read的过去分词形式是read。 2．They have ________ in helping homeless people return to a normal life. A．successfully B．successful C．succeeded 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们已经成功帮助无家可归的人回归了正常生活。 success成功，名词；successful成功的，形容词；succeeded成功，动词过去式、过去分词。根据“They have...in helping homeless people return to a normal life”可知，句子为现在完成时，结构是“have + 过去分词”，succeed in doing sth.意为“成功做某事”，固定搭配。应填succeeded。 3．I have never ________ such a beautiful place before. A．seen B．see C．saw 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我以前从未见过这么美丽的地方。 根据句中助动词“have”及时间状语“before”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，see的过去分词形式为seen。 考点四、现在完成时态的标志词。 现在完成时的标志词常见的有： （1）already（已经，用于肯定句 ）、yet（已经，用于否定句和疑问句 ）、just（刚刚 ）、ever（曾经 ）、never（从不 ）。 例：I have already read "Robinson Crusoe".我已经读过《鲁滨逊漂流记》了。 I haven’t read Treasure Island yet.我还没有读过《金银岛》。 —Have you ever visited Miss Zhang? 你曾经拜访过张老师吗？ —No, never. I decide to visit her next weekend. 不，从来没有。我决定下周末去拜访她。 He has just got a new job.他刚找到一份新工作。 （2） “for + 时间段” 或 “since + 过去的时间点 / 从句（从句用一般过去时 ）” 。 例：We have been friends since we were children.自从我们还是孩子的时候，我们就一直是朋友。 It has rained for a week, so the air is very fresh.雨已经下了一周了，所以空气非常清新。 （3）与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, so far等。 例：Have you used it recently?你最近用过它吗？ He has collected hundreds of rock specimens in the past few years.在过去几年里，他收集了几百种岩石标本。 Her family has had an easier and easier time these last few years.这几年她家的日子越来越好过了 【即讲即练】 1．_______ he moved to this city, he has made many good friends. A．For B．When C．Since D．While 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从他搬到这座城市，他已经交了很多好朋友。 For因为；When当……时候；Since自从；While当……时候/然而。根据后句“he has made many good friends”使用了现在完成时（has made）可知，此处需要一个能与现在完成时搭配使用的连词，表示“自从……以来”。since意为“自从”，引导时间状语从句时，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时，符合本题的时态搭配。 2．He has lived in this city ________ 2010 and has seen many changes over the years. A．until B．after C．from D．since 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他自从2010年就住在这个城市，多年来看到了许多变化。 until直到……为止；after在……之后；from从……开始；since自从……以来。根据“He has lived in this city”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，since后接过去时间点2010，表示动作从过去持续到现在，应填since。 3．Have you ________ learned about the customs of Indian people? A．ever B．already C．just D．yet 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你曾经了解过印度人的风俗习惯吗？ ever曾经；already已经；just刚刚；yet还，已经。根据“Have you...learned about the customs of Indian people?”可知，句子是现在完成时的一般疑问句，询问是否曾经有过某种经历，且空位于助动词和过去分词之间，yet通常用于句末，故应用ever。 4．I have ________ seen such a beautiful place before. A．ever B．never C．already 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我以前从未见过这么美丽的地方。 ever曾经；never从未；already已经。根据句末“before”及语境可知，此处表示以前没有见过，强调从未有过这样的经历，never符合题意。 5．He has studied English ________ three years. A．since B．for C．ever D．in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他学习英语已经三年了。 since自从；for达、持续、长达；ever曾经；in在……里。根据“He has studied English”可知句子是现在完成时，空后“three years”是时间段，因此用for。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5-8 语法高频考点、重难点讲义 ◇Part 01 过去进行时的用法 考点一、过去进行时的用法： · 过去进行时用于描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。 例：I was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night. （昨晚8点我正在看电视。） · 过去进行时也可用于描述过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作。 例：They were playing basketball from 3 to 5 yesterday afternoon. （他们昨天下午3点到5点一直在打篮球。） 【即讲即练】 1．At this time yesterday, I ________ for the bus. A．wait B．waited C．was waiting D．am waiting 2．—What did your father say to you just now? —He asked me what I ________ at that moment. A．am doing B．was doing C．will do D．do 考点二、过去进行时的各种句式结构： · 肯定句：主语+was/were+现在分词+其他. 当主语是第一人称单数（I）或第三人称单数（he/she/it 等）时，用 was；当主语是第二人称（you）或复数（we/they 等）时，用 were。 例：I was reading a novel at 9 p.m.我晚上9点正在读小说。 He was playing basketball when I saw him.我看见他时，他正在打篮球。 · 否定句：主语+was/were+not+现在分词+其他. was not 可缩写为 wasn't，were not 可缩写为 weren't。 例：I was not sleeping at midnight. 我午夜时分没在睡觉。 He wasn't watching TV when you called.你打电话时，他没在看电视。 · 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t. 例：Was he sleeping when you got home?你到家时他正在睡觉吗？ Were you studying at 10 last night?你昨晚10点在看书吗？ · 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 现在分词+其他? 例：What were you doing at 8 o'clock? 你8点的时候在做什么？ Where were they waiting for us?他们当时在哪里等我们？ 【即讲即练】 1．My father was reading a newspaper from four to five yesterday afternoon. (改为一般疑问句) ________ ________ father ________ a newspaper from four to five yesterday afternoon? 2．The boys were playing soccer on the playground. (改为否定句) The boys ________ ________ soccer on the playground. 3．Amy isn’t learning French. (用last year改写句子) _____________________________________________ 4．They watch a film. (用from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. yesterday改写) They ________________ a film from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. yesterday. 5．She likes reading books very much. （改成过去进行时的句子） She ________ always ________ books last year. 6．—Was she walking home when the thunder came? (作肯定回答) —________, she ________. 7．—Were you talking when the teacher came in? (作出回答) —Yes, I ________. /No, I ________. 考点三、过去进行时的时间状语： · 和过去进行时连用的时间状语有： （1）表示过去的某个具体时间点，如at ten yesterday evening、at 8 o'clock last night、at noon yesterday、at that moment last week、this time yesterday。 例：I was doing my homework at 8 o'clock last night.昨晚8点，我正在做作业。 She was talking on the phone at that moment.她当时正在接电话。 （2）表示过去的某个时间段，如from eight to twelve yesterday、all day yesterday。 例：They were playing tennis from 2 to 4 yesterday.昨天2点到4点，他们一直在打网球。 We were traveling around Europe during the holiday.假期期间，我们环游了欧洲。 【即讲即练】 1．She ________ (not do) her homework at 7 p.m. yesterday. She was watching TV. 2．They ________ (have) a meeting from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon. 3．I ________ (sleep) when you called me last night. · when, while引导的时间状语从句。 （1）while引导的从句中的动词多为延续性动词，强调两个动作同时进行，两个句子都可以用过去进行时。 例：While my mother was cooking, the doorbell rang. （我妈妈正在做饭时，门铃响了。） While I was reading, he was watching TV. （我在看书，他在看电视。） （2）when引导的从句中的动词多为短暂性动词，过去进行时通常用在主句中。 例：I was walking in the street when someone called my name. （我正在街上走，突然有人叫我的名字。） 【即讲即练】 1．The children ________ happily on the playground when it suddenly started to rain. A．play B．played C．were playing D．are playing 2．While she ________ TV, someone knocked on the door. A．watched B．was watching C．watches D．is watching 3．Tom was sleeping. Mary was reading.（用while合并句子） While Tom ________ ________, Mary was reading. 4．I was watching TV. My mother came in.（用when合并句子） I ________ ________ TV when my mother came in. 考点四、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 （1）过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 （2）表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want）不能用于过去进行时。 例：I was reading a book.（过去正在读） I read a book.（读完了） She was writing a letter.（正在写） She wrote a letter.（写完了） 【即讲即练】 1．—What did you do during the weekend? —I ________ a new novel about Anhui local stories the whole weekend. A．read B．am reading C．was reading D．have read ◇Part 02 从属连词so...that、unless和as soon as的用法 考点一、so...that引导结果状语从句的用法 so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。 · 基本结构：主语+谓语+ so +形容词/副词+ that从句（so 后面加形容词或副词） 例：The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it alone.这个箱子是如此重以至于我一个人抬不动。 This storybook is so interesting that I can’t put it down. 这本故事书如此有趣，以至于我放不下它。 【即讲即练】 1．The new culture was ________ different from her own ________ she felt a strong culture shock. A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to D．enough; to 2．The movie was ________ boring ________ I fell asleep. A．too; to B．so; that C．very; that D．such; that · 当that引导的结果状语从句是肯定句时，so...that...可以与be...enough to do进行转换；当that引导的结果状语从句是否定句时，so ...that...可与too...to...或be not ...enough to do进行转换。 例：The girl is so young that she can’t go to school. = The girl is too young to go to school. = The girl is not old enough togo to school.这个女孩太小了，不能去上学。 【即讲即练】 1．My son is too young to join the army. (改为同义句) My son is ________ young ________ he can’t join the army. 2．The boy is so young that he can’t have the right to vote.（改为同义句） The boy isn’t ________ ________ ________ have the right to vote. The boy is ________ young ________ have the right to vote. 3．Because she studied hard, she passed the exam.（改为同义句） She studied ________ hard ________ she passed the exam. 4．He was so careless that he caused an accident. (改为同义句) He was careless ________ ________ cause an accident. 5．Peter was very angry. He couldn’t control himself. （改为同义句，用so… that） Peter was ________ angry ________ he couldn’t control himself. · so...that...和such...that 结构的区别： 两结构的区别在于so后接“形容词/副词”，such后接“名词短语”（形容词+名词）。 （1）such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that从句 例：Sun Yingsha is such a good ping-pong player that everyone likes her.孙颖莎是如此优秀的一名乒乓球运动员，以至于每个人都喜欢她。 （2）such +形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数 + that从句 例：They are such cute dogs that kids love playing with them.（这些狗太可爱了，孩子们都喜欢和它们玩） 【即讲即练】 1．Guangzhou is ________ many people enjoy travelling there. A．so a wonderful city that B．such a wonderful city that C．so wonderful city that D．such wonderful a city that 2．Wuxi Huishan clay figurines are ________ cute works of art ________ they are famous all over China. A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to D．enough; to 考点二、unless引导的条件状语从句用法 unless意为“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句。 · 基本结构：主句 + unless + 从句。从句可前置或后置，从句前置时用逗号分隔。 例：The game won’t start unless everyone is ready.除非所有人都准备好，否则比赛不会开始。 In Brazil, people often hug friends when meeting unless they are strangers.在巴西，人们见面时通常会拥抱朋友，除非对方是陌生人。 【即讲即练】 1．Friendship won’t last long ________ we learn to understand and support each other from the heart. A．since B．though C．while D．unless 2．You may not understand the true meaning of a poem ________ you read it again and again. A．unless B．when C．since D．before · 时态搭配：主句和从句的时态遵循“主将从现”（主句用将来时，从句用现在时表将来）。 例：She will feel tired unless she gets enough sleep.如果她没有得到足够的睡眠，她会感到疲惫。 【即讲即练】 1．Your uncle won’t be able to see the first half of the match unless he ________ (hurry). 2．We will go on a trip to the Huishan Ancient Town unless it ________ (rain) tomorrow. 3．You won’t find out how much Wuxi people love music unless you really ________ (stand) here. · unless从句可转换为“if...not”结构，但语义略有差异，unless更强调“唯一排除条件”。 例：People can stay safe if they prepare for natural disasters.= People can’t stay safe unless they prepare for natural disasters.如果人们为自然灾害做好准备，他们就能保持安全。 【即讲即练】 1．If you don’t do your best, your dream won’t come true. (改为同义句) Your dream won’t come true________ you do your best. 2．We will go hiking if it is sunny tomorrow. (同义句转换) We won’t go hiking ________ it ________ sunny tomorrow. 考点三、as soon as引导时间状语从句的用法 as soon as意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，强调“两个动作在时间上紧密衔接”，主句动作在从句动作完成后立即发生。 · 基本结构与时态规则 基本结构：主句 + as soon as + 从句（从句可前置或后置，前置时用逗号分隔）。 例：The clever boy called 120 as soon as his mother fell down in the kitchen.他的妈妈一在厨房摔倒，这个聪明的男孩就拨打了120。 The security guard rushed to warn people off the beach as soon as he heard about the tsunami.保安一听到海啸的消息就冲过去警告人们离开海滩。 【即讲即练】 1．The class meeting will begin ________ the head teacher arrives. A．as long as B．as soon as C．so that D．even if 2．________ the mother walked into the classroom, her kids shouted “Happy Mother’s Day” to her. A．So that B．As soon as C．In order that · 时态搭配：遵循“主将从现”。主句用将来时，从句用现在时表将来。 例：We will go out to fly a kite as soon as the rain stops.雨一停，我们就出去放风筝。 Helen is going to talk with you as soon as she finishes her work.海伦打算一完成工作就和你谈谈。 【即讲即练】 1．The owner will post the book to me as soon as she ________ (receive) my money. 2．I ________ (call) you as soon as I finish my homework. 3．—Can you give Tim this book? —Sure, I _________ (give) it to him as soon as he _________ (come) to see me. 4．A new smart wristband for the elderly can monitor their health conditions as soon as a certain vital sign of the wearer ________. (change) ◇Part 03 现在分词和过去分词的用法区别 考点一、现在分词和过去分词在句子中常作定语和表语。 · 作定语 现在分词，修饰名词时表主动或进行，可前置或后置；过去分词，修饰名词时表被动或完成，可前置或后置。 · 作表语 现在分词描述主语的特征或性质（常译作“令人……的”），主语多为事物，过去分词描述主语的状态或感受（常译作“感到……的”），主语多为人。 例：He was surprised to see his old friend at the airport.在机场见到老朋友，他感到很惊讶。 She felt embarrassed when she heard the embarrassing joke in public.当她在公共场合听到那个令人尴尬的笑话时，她感到尴尬。 His confusing explanation left the students feeling confused.他令人困惑的解释让学生们感到困惑。 The movie was so interesting that all the audience became interested in its story.这部电影如此有趣，以至于所有观众都对它的故事产生了兴趣。 【即讲即练】 1．—Why did you look so ________? —Because I made an ________ mistake. I used my left hand to pass food in India. A．embarrassed; embarrassing B．embarrassing; embarrassed C．embarrassed; embarrassed D．embarrassing; embarrassing 2．The ________ news made all of us feel ________. A．surprising; surprised B．surprised; surprising C．surprising; surprising D．surprised; surprised ◇Part 04 现在完成时的用法（already、yet、never、ever、just、since、for） 考点一、现在完成时的用法： · 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例：Have you had breakfast? 你吃早餐了吗？（关注“是否吃过了”） · 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 例：My father has worked in this factory since he graduated from university.我父亲自从大学毕业以来就一直在这家工厂工作。 Since last year, our school has offered free breakfasts to students in need.自从去年以来，我们学校一直为需要的学生提供免费早餐。 【即讲即练】 1．— How is your class’s play for the Red Drama Festival? — We ________ the whole play, and we’re ready for the show now. A．finished B．will finish C．have finished D．were finishing 2．—Schools across China ________ from “scores first” to “health first” recently. —Yes, it’s taken under China’s 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) for high-quality education development. A．moved B．have moved C．are moving D．will move 3．—What do you think of the film Zootopia 2? —It’s wonderful. I ________ it twice already. A．see B．saw C．have seen D．will see 考点二、现在完成时的基本结构： · 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他。 当主语是第一人称（I、we）、第二人称（you）或复数（they 等）时，用 have；当主语是第三人称单数（he、she、it 等）时，用 has。 例：She has worked as a volunteer in the nature reserve for five years.她五年前开始在自然保护区从事志愿服务工作。 These natural wonders have existed for thousands of years.这些自然奇观已经存在了数千年。 · 否定句：主语 + have/has + not +动词过去分词 + 其他。 have not 可缩写为 haven't，has not 可缩写为 hasn't。 例：I haven’t heard from my pen pal since last month.自从上个月以来我就没有收到我笔友的来信。 My father hasn’t lived here for thirty years. 我父亲已经不住在这里30年了。 · 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ 回答：肯定 Yes, I have. /Yes, she has. ；否定 No, she hasn't. /No, I haven't. 例： —Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？ —Yes, twice. It’s amazing.去过，两次了。太壮观了。 Has Miss Gao taught in the school for 5 years?高老师在这所学校教了五年书吗？ · 特殊疑问句：①特殊疑问词 + have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？（疑问词不作主语） ②疑问词 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他成分？（疑问词作主语） 例：What have you done?（你做了什么？） How many English novels have you read since you entered middle school?自从你上中学以来，你读过多少本英文小说？ Who has broken the window? （谁打破了窗户？） What has happened? （发生了什么？） 【即讲即练】 1．We keep in touch with each other. We met 8 months ago. (for) (用现在完成时合并句子) _______________________________________________________ 2．He has been a volunteer for the Red Cross for five years. （改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） — ________ he ________ a volunteer for the Red Cross for five years? — ________, he ________. 3．She has finished reading the novel since last Wednesday.（改为否定句） She ________ ________ reading the novel since last Wednesday. 4．She has been working on her cross-cultural project since last week.（改为一般疑问句） ________ she ________ working on her cross-cultural project since last week? 5．He began to study English two years ago. (改为现在完成时) He ________ ________ English for two years. 6．—Has our history teacher shown the picture to us yet? (进行肯定回答) —Yes, our history teacher ________ ________ ________ the picture to us. 7．Has the Chinese Men’s National Football Team won the last match yet? (作否定回答) ______, ______ ______. 考点三、动词原形变动词过去分词的规则 · 一般情况，在词尾直接加-ed，如：work → worked · 以e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d，如： live → lived · 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-ed，如：study → studied · 末尾为重读闭音节的动词，先双写末尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop → stopped · 以“辅音字母+元音+辅音”结尾且重读的动词，先双写末尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：plan → planned · 不规则的需要重点记忆，不仅仅限于所列的这些，注意积累： go→gone、 do→done、 get→got、 make→made、 cost→cost、 be→been、keep→kept 【即讲即练】 1．Have you ever _________ this famous novel? A．read B．reads C．reading D．to read 2．They have ________ in helping homeless people return to a normal life. A．successfully B．successful C．succeeded 3．I have never ________ such a beautiful place before. A．seen B．see C．saw 考点四、现在完成时态的标志词。 现在完成时的标志词常见的有： （1）already（已经，用于肯定句 ）、yet（已经，用于否定句和疑问句 ）、just（刚刚 ）、ever（曾经 ）、never（从不 ）。 例：I have already read "Robinson Crusoe".我已经读过《鲁滨逊漂流记》了。 I haven’t read Treasure Island yet.我还没有读过《金银岛》。 —Have you ever visited Miss Zhang? 你曾经拜访过张老师吗？ —No, never. I decide to visit her next weekend. 不，从来没有。我决定下周末去拜访她。 He has just got a new job.他刚找到一份新工作。 （2） “for + 时间段” 或 “since + 过去的时间点 / 从句（从句用一般过去时 ）” 。 例：We have been friends since we were children.自从我们还是孩子的时候，我们就一直是朋友。 It has rained for a week, so the air is very fresh.雨已经下了一周了，所以空气非常清新。 （3）与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, so far等。 例：Have you used it recently?你最近用过它吗？ He has collected hundreds of rock specimens in the past few years.在过去几年里，他收集了几百种岩石标本。 Her family has had an easier and easier time these last few years.这几年她家的日子越来越好过了 【即讲即练】 1．_______ he moved to this city, he has made many good friends. A．For B．When C．Since D．While 2．He has lived in this city ________ 2010 and has seen many changes over the years. A．until B．after C．from D．since 3．Have you ________ learned about the customs of Indian people? A．ever B．already C．just D．yet 4．I have ________ seen such a beautiful place before. A．ever B．never C．already 5．He has studied English ________ three years. A．since B．for C．ever D．in 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $