精品解析：贵州遵义市凤冈县2025—2026学年度第二学期高二年级英语学科期中核心素养监测试题

2025—2026学年度第二学期高二年级英语学科期中核心素养监测试题 （试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. When is the next bus to Leeds? A. At 4:30. B. At 5:30. C. At 6:30. 2. What are the speakers going to do in the town? A. Watch something. B. Buy something. C. Eat something. 3. Why is the woman upset? A. The man got better grades than her. B. Her grades weren’t good enough. C. She didn’t win the maths prize. 4. Why is the man’s bike hard to sell? A. It isn’t new. B. It has a dark colour. C. It costs too much money. 5. Where are the speakers going? A. To the mountains. B. To the beach. C. To the countryside. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What are the speakers discussing? A. Attending a lecture. B. Applying for a job opening. C. Participating in an exhibition. 7. What problem does the man mention? A. He will be attending another event. B. He cannot take any time off to travel. C. He does not have enough experience. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Why does the man want to stay at the Point Hotel? A. It has a good view. B. It has high floors. C. It is near the ocean. 9. What has the man done? A. He has booked a room. B. He has checked into the hotel. C. He has spoken with some co-workers. 10. What does the woman invite the man to do? A. Go sightseeing. B. Attend a conference. C. Tour around the ocean. 听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。 11. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Environment protection. B. A new energy resource. C. The development of oceans. 12. What is the main attraction of producing energy from oceans? A. It will be cost-effective. B. Energy resource won’t run out. C. Countries can create their own energy. 13. What does the woman think of producing energy from the oceans? A. It’s beneficial. B. It’s worth developing. C. It’s harmful to the sea life. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What advantage of kitesurfing does the woman point out? A. It’s easy to find a place to do it. B. Its equipment is easy to carry. C. It’s cheap at the beginning. 15. What surprised the woman about kitesurfing at first? A. It didn’t require too much strength. B. It didn’t seem as tiring as she knew. C. It was difficult to hold onto the kite. 16. What is the woman currently preparing to do? A. Take part in some competitions. B. Go abroad on a kitesurfing holiday. C. Train to teach others how to kitesurf. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What transportation does the speaker suggest taking in Glasgow’s center? A. The bus. B. The car. C. The motorbike. 18. Why should people go to the Welcome Centre on St Vincent Place first? A. It is near the city centre. B. It is open at a early time. C. It offers tourist information. 19. What can people do in the Merchant City area? A. Do some shopping. B. Enjoy beautiful windows. C. See various plants and flowers. 20. Where can people have a picnic? A. In the Botanic Gardens. B. In the Merchant City area. C. In the fifteenth century cathedral. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Enjoy a guided walk around Machu Picchu, hike the Km 104 Trail through the Andes, or explore the market and Inca ruins in Písac. Whatever your interests, our specialists will suggest experiences designed to enhance your trip to Peru. Tour of Machu Picchu Your guide will explain the many theories that exist for the positioning and function of Machu Picchu, including astronomical, defense and trade ideas. Your route around the site takes around 3 hours and should be discussed with your guide, who will advise on the best way to explore and keep away from some of the crowds. Ride the Andean Explorer Puno is the place to board the Andean Explorer train to Cuzco. This rail journey takes about 10 hours. The track extends by the side of the Urubamba River as you pass adobe (土坯) villages and waving schoolchildren before arriving in Cuzco. You can choose to take the journey by road instead. Traveling by bus or car allows you to make a couple of stops, at the ruins of Raqchi and the village of Andahuaylillas. Chinchero Market & Ruins Chinchero Market is one of the most traditional markets in South America. At 8 a. m., you will be surrounded by locals in their traditional dress all buying and selling their produce. After two hours’ walk, you will visit the Maras salt pans, a system of platforms used since the Inca times to extract (提取) salt from a natural mountain spring. There are beautiful views of the snow-capped mountains of Chicon, Veronica and Salcantay. 1. Why are tourists to Machu Picchu advised to consult the guide? A. To avoid peak times. B. To explore historical theories. C. To confirm tour plans. D. To gain astronomical knowledge. 2. What do we know about Ride the Andean Explorer? A. It is friendly to schoolchildren. B. It heads for the adobe villages. C. It operates over a famous river. D. It offers another mode of travel. 3. What can tourists do in the last trip? A. Try on traditional clothes. B. Have fun in a mountain spring. C. Learn about salt harvesting. D. Climb snow-capped mountains. B Working in behavioral science, I’ve been asked how adults, especially educators, help students who like to stick with easy work. My answer is to take action based on the science behind desirable difficulties, which reveals the root of the question, and to do that, knowing what it is exactly is necessary. When my daughter Amanda was young and still taking piano lessons, I’d half-listen upstairs while she practiced down below. Typically, she’d get pretty good at the opening measures of a new piece. But eventually she’d get to those she didn’t know as well. At that point, music became noise, and Amanda was struggling along the way. Very soon, there would be silence. Then Amanda would begin again at the beginning - where the touch of her fingers generated music instead of noise. In the part Amanda felt uncomfortable about, she met difficulty desirable for her. If Amanda spent too much time repeating the simple measures and not enough on what was obviously difficult for her, I’d encourage her to get back to the hard part. Why do kids need grown-ups to encourage them through what scientists call “desirable difficulties”? Students often misinterpret the feeling of “This is hard!” to mean “I must not be learning much!” However, the truth is that strategies taking more effort, like testing yourself rather than just rereading notes, produce greater long-term learning gains. Difficulty is desirable… but it’s not always desired. Don’t assume that kids avoid effort because they’re lazy. Instead, they may be misreading the sensation of effort as a signal that they’re failing to make progress. Teach students to look at struggle in a sensible way by sharing stories of times you, too, felt confused and how insisting through difficulty helped you improve more than sticking to what you already knew. And, when their practice sounds and looks truly awful, tell them the sound of struggle is music to your ears. 4. Why does the author mention the story about Amanda? A. To prove a theory. B. To illustrate a concept. C. To provide a solution. D. To introduce a phenomenon. 5. What would Amanda do when facing difficult sections of music? A. Turn to her mother for help. B. Practice them repeatedly. C. Stop to return to the easy part. D. Struggle to complete them. 6. What is students’ common misunderstanding? A. It is hard to make long-term gains. B. Adults don’t understand their struggle. C. Effortful strategies are ineffective. D. Making progress is a must in learning. 7. How can educators help students deal with difficulty? A. By simplifying the tasks for them. B. By sharing stories of sticking to goals. C. By accepting their poor performance. D. By leading them to adopt a right attitude. C Researchers found that they could accurately predict how close two people were based only on their brain activity in response to a series of unfamiliar video clips. Simply put: You and your best friends really do think alike. According to a Dartmouth study finding, friends have similar neural (神经的) responses to real-world stimuli (刺激) and these similarities can be used to predict who your friends are. The study reveals that friends have the most similar neural activity patterns, followed by friends-of-friends who, in turn, have more similar neural activity than people three degrees removed (friends-of-friends-of-friends). Published in Nature Communications, the study is the first of its kind to examine the connections between the neural reaction of people within a real-world social network. “Neural responses to dynamic, naturalistic stimuli, like videos, can give us a window into people’s unlimited, unplanned thought processes as they unfold. Our results suggest that friends process the world around them in exceptionally similar ways,” says lead author Carolyn Parkinson. The study analyzed the friendships or social ties within a group of 280 graduate students. The researchers estimated the social distance between pairs of individuals based on mutually (相互地) reported social ties. Forty-two of the students were asked to watch a range of videos while their neural activity was recorded in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. The videos covered a range of topics and genres, including politics, science, comedy and music videos, for which a range of responses was expected. Each participant watched the same videos in the same order, with the same instructions. The researchers then compared the neural responses pairwise across the set of students to determine if pairs of students who were friends had more similar brain activity than pairs further removed from each other in their social network. The findings revealed that neural response similarity was strongest among friends, and this pattern appeared across brain regions involved in emotional responding and high-level reasoning. Even when the researchers controlled variables, including left-handedness or right-handedness, age, gender, race, and nationality, the analogy in neural activity among friends was still evident. The team also found that fMRI response similarities could be used to predict not only if a pair were friends but also the social distance between the two. 8. How did the researchers judge the relationship between two people? A. By asking them to complete a questionnaire. B. By observing their interactions on casual occasions. C. By analyzing their brains’ reaction to videos. D. By comparing their valuations of the same visual material. 9. What can we know about the study mentioned in the text? A. It has yet to win recognition from the academic world. B. It involved more than 200 students watching various videos. C. It required a professional device to analyze participants’ conversation. D. It is original and checks people’s neural responses. 10. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The conclusion of the study. B. The process of the study. C. The working principle of an fMRI. D. The challenges of the researchers. 11. What does the underlined word “analogy” in the last paragraph mean? A. Similarity. B. Intensity. C. Abnormality. D. Benefit. D With fundamental developments in the field of technology, some experts foresee serious risks to jobs and employability in the coming years due to the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). Approximately 27% of jobs are at high risk of automation during the artificial intelligence era. Low and middle-skilled jobs are most at risk, including construction, farming, fishing, forestry and, to a lesser extent, production and transportation. High-skilled occupations, despite being more exposed to recent progress in AI, face the least risk of automation. While the adoption of AI is still relatively low, rapid progress, falling technology costs and the increasing availability of workers with AI skills suggest that the world may be on the edge of an AI revolution (革命) . So far there is little evidence of a negative employment impact on firms that adopt AI. Workers and employers say that AI can reduce boring and dangerous tasks, leading to greater employee engagement and physical safety. Nevertheless, a recent survey showed that three in five workers are worried about losing their job to AI within the next decade. Additionally, a similar number of workers worry that wages would decrease due to AI. More than half of workers are concerned about privacy and three in four say that AI has increased work pace. In my opinion, for the better protection of the labour market and workers in the coming years, governments should encourage employers to provide more training, integrate AI skills into education and support diversity in the AI workforce. There is an urgent need for policy action to address AI risks in the workplace and to ensure accountability for and openness to employment-related decisions supported by AI. The recent speedup of generative AI-related developments and tools marks a technological watershed (转折点) with material implications in many workplaces. Longer-term policy frameworks for the use of AI in the workplace should be considered and closer international cooperation should be seen to maximize the benefits while appropriately managing the risks. 12. Who may be most affected by automation? A. A tour guide. B. A building worker. C. A coffee producer. D. A farming professional. 13. What is the author’s attitude towards the adoption of AI in the workplace? A. Deeply concerned. B. Strongly opposed. C. Carefully optimistic. D. Relatively conservative. 14. What do the figures in paragraph 4 imply? A. Harmed personal privacy. B. Decreased job satisfaction. C. AI-related positions’ popularity. D. Workers’ broad concern over AI. 15. What is the author’s advice in the last paragraph? A. Adopting policies to regulate AI’s impact. B. Limiting AI’s application in the workplace. C. Promoting cooperation between AI firms. D. Investing more in AI education in colleges. 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Are all the emails and social media notifications making you anxious or getting you down? Is having to learn yet another new piece of software stressing you out? Are the boundaries between family life and work life unclear because of technology? ___16___ The term is used to describe the negative psychological effect that using new technologies can have. Though many people may not be familiar with technostress, they probably are familiar with the feelings of having too much technology in their lives. Technostress can be broken down into a few subcategories including techno-overload, techno-complexity and techno-invasion. ___17___ Technostress may make people feel down or burned-out and even suffer from depression. Some may feel tension in the body, which can lead to headaches and back pain. ___18___ That is why dealing with technostress is vital to overall health. ___19___ Acknowledge that it’s a sign of strength and courage to recognize a mental health challenge and take steps to manage it. Experts encourage people struggling with technostress to take steps in the workplace to get involved in how technology may be used. Taking time each day to get outside is also a great way. By all accounts, there’s almost nothing that aids in stress management so much as a few hours spent in the park, the woods or the mountains. ___20___ Hours spent on the computer may be perceived as stressful but the stressors can be seen as more bearable if on this day one can look forward to a walk in nature. Just go outside and nature never disappoints. A. All of them can have significant effects on health. B. It’s not a medical problem but can lead to diseases. C. Such time is one ready resource available to most people. D. In the connected world, most people continuously multitask. E. You may be experiencing a phenomenon known as technostress. F. Engaging in activities that are grounding and centering is helpful. G. The first thing to do is to accept that it’s normal to have stress from technology. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Every family goes through a shift in responsibilities, as I did recently when my wife and I stayed with our elder son Nathaniel at his house in Los Angeles for the first time. A whole week under his ___21___! “Dad, stop leaving the water running when you wash your hands,” Nathaniel ___22___ on our first night. “All right,” I responded. “This is California, where ___23___ water is particularly important.” But I was also caught pulling extra paper towels to wipe the kitchen counter and was ___24___ to use the dishcloth. More ___25___ followed. Not to leave my walking shoes sitting out. Don’t wear a neck ___26___ for the morning dog walk — the temperature will rise when we get to the park. Initially, I questioned how I’d ___27___ such a “bossy” son. Then I remembered how often I threw the golden rule of fatherhood at Nathaniel when he was young. So I ___28___ acted upon Nathaniel’s household rules, but with a touch of ___29___, like hiding a separate roll of paper towels, or ____30____ one of his favorite photographs a few inches. There were added ____31____ of following Nathaniel’s lead. He cleaned dishes after dinner, ____32____ he would do a better job than my wife and me. He also set our daily outings and willingly drove everywhere, which ____33____ me the pain of Los Angeles traffic. Our role ____34____ revealed another side of my elder boy, giving me hope for his future ____35____ ability. I was confident that my son is rising to fatherhood. 21. A. guidance B. influence C. roof D. protection 22. A. explained B. warned C. whispered D. shouted 23. A. conserving B. drinking C. delivering D. purifying 24. A. motivated B. allowed C. instructed D. promised 25. A. orders B. members C. conflicts D. tasks 26. A. collar B. support C. pillow D. warmer 27. A. brought up B. turned to C. come back at D. got rid of 28. A. hesitantly B. bravely C. cheerfully D. intentionally 29. A. humor B. playfulness C. bitterness D. offence 30. A. moving B. shooting C. deleting D. sticking 31. A. feelings B. benefits C. differences D. challenges 32. A. pretending B. agreeing C. forecasting D. assuming 33. A. showed B. spared C. denied D. passed 34. A. adaptation B. definition C. model D. switch 35. A. problem-solving B. decision-making C. parenting D. teaching 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The beautiful Li River is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It attracts millions of visitors each year. However, its reputation as a top destination has had negative effects ____36____ the river’s water quality. Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of ____37____ frequently threw garbage into the river. The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose ____38____ (rapid), as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises. In order to feed more people, more chemicals ____39____ (use) to increase crop production. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, ____40____ (cause) an ongoing decrease in the number of fish species. Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment ____41____ felt that urgent steps should be taken ____42____ (restore) the river’s original beauty. A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that ____43____ (address) the issues. Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved. The local government set up strict regulations regarding ____44____ (far) industrial development. In addition, the local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental ____45____ (aware) and encourage greater use of clean energy. With the measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你校将举行一次中国传统手工艺品展。请给你的美国朋友Chris写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1．介绍活动情况； 2．邀请他参加活动。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 Dear Chris, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Fifteen-year-old Cameron and twelve-year-old Barton lived in a town in Taxco. Their parents worked tirelessly day in and day out, yet still struggled to make ends meet. Cameron and Barton, both in middle school, witnessed their parents’ hard work and anxiety and decided to take action and offer their assistance. As summer vacation began, while other children were enjoying their carefree time, Cameron and Barton had a different plan. They started the challenging journey of seeking part-time jobs. Their first attempt was at a local restaurant. Filled with hope, they stood before the manager with an eager expression. However, the manager looked at them critically and said, “You two are too young!” Their hearts sank instantly. Cameron felt a sense of deep disappointment, thinking, “How can we prove ourselves if no one gives us a chance?” Barton’s face fell as he asked his brother, “Will we ever find a job?” Not discouraged by the rejection, they then went to a store named Thompson’s Grocery, hoping to become assistants. “Hello, you must be Mr. Thompson. We’re here to apply for the job,” Cameron said. Barton stood on tiptoe and handed a card from their school’s help-wanted board to Mr. Thompson behind the counter, who was the owner and seemed to be a kind person. However, before they could say more, he shook his head. “This job is too hard for you kids,” he said. “I need someone big and strong.” “Let us give it a try, and if you don’t like our work, don’t pay us,” Cameron begged. He stared at the brothers, who were so sincere, then nodding. Next, he led them to the warehouse (仓库) of the store. The floor was piled with boxes of different sizes and all kinds of objects at random, filling every corner. The various items were mixed up chaotically (杂乱地). It seemed as if they had never been sorted or cleaned. Cameron and Barton were required to clear away the items. 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （1）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 “It’s a tough job. Just do as much as you can,” Mr. Thompson said. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cameron and Barton asked Mr. Thompson to come after they finished. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025—2026学年度第二学期高二年级英语学科期中核心素养监测试题 （试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. When is the next bus to Leeds? A. At 4:30. B. At 5:30. C. At 6:30. 2. What are the speakers going to do in the town? A. Watch something. B. Buy something. C. Eat something. 3. Why is the woman upset? A. The man got better grades than her. B. Her grades weren’t good enough. C. She didn’t win the maths prize. 4. Why is the man’s bike hard to sell? A. It isn’t new. B. It has a dark colour. C. It costs too much money. 5. Where are the speakers going? A. To the mountains. B. To the beach. C. To the countryside. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What are the speakers discussing? A. Attending a lecture. B. Applying for a job opening. C. Participating in an exhibition. 7. What problem does the man mention? A. He will be attending another event. B. He cannot take any time off to travel. C. He does not have enough experience. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Why does the man want to stay at the Point Hotel? A. It has a good view. B. It has high floors. C. It is near the ocean. 9. What has the man done? A. He has booked a room. B. He has checked into the hotel. C. He has spoken with some co-workers. 10. What does the woman invite the man to do? A. Go sightseeing. B. Attend a conference. C. Tour around the ocean. 听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。 11. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Environment protection. B. A new energy resource. C. The development of oceans. 12. What is the main attraction of producing energy from oceans? A. It will be cost-effective. B. Energy resource won’t run out. C. Countries can create their own energy. 13. What does the woman think of producing energy from the oceans? A. It’s beneficial. B. It’s worth developing. C. It’s harmful to the sea life. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What advantage of kitesurfing does the woman point out? A. It’s easy to find a place to do it. B. Its equipment is easy to carry. C. It’s cheap at the beginning. 15. What surprised the woman about kitesurfing at first? A. It didn’t require too much strength. B. It didn’t seem as tiring as she knew. C. It was difficult to hold onto the kite. 16. What is the woman currently preparing to do? A. Take part in some competitions. B. Go abroad on a kitesurfing holiday. C. Train to teach others how to kitesurf. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What transportation does the speaker suggest taking in Glasgow’s center? A. The bus. B. The car. C. The motorbike. 18. Why should people go to the Welcome Centre on St Vincent Place first? A. It is near the city centre. B. It is open at a early time. C. It offers tourist information. 19. What can people do in the Merchant City area? A. Do some shopping. B. Enjoy beautiful windows. C. See various plants and flowers. 20. Where can people have a picnic? A. In the Botanic Gardens. B. In the Merchant City area. C. In the fifteenth century cathedral. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Enjoy a guided walk around Machu Picchu, hike the Km 104 Trail through the Andes, or explore the market and Inca ruins in Písac. Whatever your interests, our specialists will suggest experiences designed to enhance your trip to Peru. Tour of Machu Picchu Your guide will explain the many theories that exist for the positioning and function of Machu Picchu, including astronomical, defense and trade ideas. Your route around the site takes around 3 hours and should be discussed with your guide, who will advise on the best way to explore and keep away from some of the crowds. Ride the Andean Explorer Puno is the place to board the Andean Explorer train to Cuzco. This rail journey takes about 10 hours. The track extends by the side of the Urubamba River as you pass adobe (土坯) villages and waving schoolchildren before arriving in Cuzco. You can choose to take the journey by road instead. Traveling by bus or car allows you to make a couple of stops, at the ruins of Raqchi and the village of Andahuaylillas. Chinchero Market & Ruins Chinchero Market is one of the most traditional markets in South America. At 8 a. m., you will be surrounded by locals in their traditional dress all buying and selling their produce. After two hours’ walk, you will visit the Maras salt pans, a system of platforms used since the Inca times to extract (提取) salt from a natural mountain spring. There are beautiful views of the snow-capped mountains of Chicon, Veronica and Salcantay. 1. Why are tourists to Machu Picchu advised to consult the guide? A. To avoid peak times. B. To explore historical theories. C. To confirm tour plans. D. To gain astronomical knowledge. 2. What do we know about Ride the Andean Explorer? A. It is friendly to schoolchildren. B. It heads for the adobe villages. C. It operates over a famous river. D. It offers another mode of travel. 3. What can tourists do in the last trip? A. Try on traditional clothes. B. Have fun in a mountain spring. C. Learn about salt harvesting. D. Climb snow-capped mountains. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了秘鲁的文化旅游活动。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Tour of Machu Picchu中关键句“Your route around the site takes around 3 hours and should be discussed with your guide, who will advise on the best way to explore and keep away from some of the crowds.(参观这个遗址的路线大约需要3小时，应该与导游讨论一下，他们会为您提供最佳的游览路线，并帮助您避开一些拥挤的人群。)”可知，建议游客与导游进行商量沟通，是为了确定好游览路线，避开游览高峰期。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Ride the Andean Explorer中关键句“Puno is the place to board the Andean Explorer train to Cuzco.(普诺是登上安第斯探险者列车前往库斯科的地方。)”及“You can choose to take the journey by road instead. Traveling by bus or car allows you to make a couple of stops, at the ruins of Raqchi and the village of Andahuaylillas.(你也可以选择通过公路旅行。乘坐巴士或汽车旅行可以让你在路上停几次，参观拉奇奇的废墟和安达维利亚斯村。)”可知，Ride the Andean Explorer的特别之处在于它提供了另外一种旅行方式——乘坐巴士或汽车旅行公路旅行。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Chinchero Market & Ruins中关键句“After two hours’ walk, you will visit the Maras salt pans, a system of platforms used since the Inca times to extract (提取) salt from a natural mountain spring.(步行两个小时后，您将参观马拉斯盐田，这是一个自印加时代起就用于从天然山泉中提取盐的系统。)”可知，最后一个旅行中，人们可以了解采盐工艺。故选C。 B Working in behavioral science, I’ve been asked how adults, especially educators, help students who like to stick with easy work. My answer is to take action based on the science behind desirable difficulties, which reveals the root of the question, and to do that, knowing what it is exactly is necessary. When my daughter Amanda was young and still taking piano lessons, I’d half-listen upstairs while she practiced down below. Typically, she’d get pretty good at the opening measures of a new piece. But eventually she’d get to those she didn’t know as well. At that point, music became noise, and Amanda was struggling along the way. Very soon, there would be silence. Then Amanda would begin again at the beginning - where the touch of her fingers generated music instead of noise. In the part Amanda felt uncomfortable about, she met difficulty desirable for her. If Amanda spent too much time repeating the simple measures and not enough on what was obviously difficult for her, I’d encourage her to get back to the hard part. Why do kids need grown-ups to encourage them through what scientists call “desirable difficulties”? Students often misinterpret the feeling of “This is hard!” to mean “I must not be learning much!” However, the truth is that strategies taking more effort, like testing yourself rather than just rereading notes, produce greater long-term learning gains. Difficulty is desirable… but it’s not always desired. Don’t assume that kids avoid effort because they’re lazy. Instead, they may be misreading the sensation of effort as a signal that they’re failing to make progress. Teach students to look at struggle in a sensible way by sharing stories of times you, too, felt confused and how insisting through difficulty helped you improve more than sticking to what you already knew. And, when their practice sounds and looks truly awful, tell them the sound of struggle is music to your ears. 4. Why does the author mention the story about Amanda? A. To prove a theory. B. To illustrate a concept. C. To provide a solution. D. To introduce a phenomenon. 5. What would Amanda do when facing difficult sections of music? A. Turn to her mother for help. B. Practice them repeatedly. C. Stop to return to the easy part. D. Struggle to complete them. 6. What is students’ common misunderstanding? A. It is hard to make long-term gains. B. Adults don’t understand their struggle. C. Effortful strategies are ineffective. D. Making progress is a must in learning. 7. How can educators help students deal with difficulty? A. By simplifying the tasks for them. B. By sharing stories of sticking to goals. C. By accepting their poor performance. D. By leading them to adopt a right attitude. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过女儿 Amanda的钢琴练习经历，探讨了“必要难度”这一科学概念，并解释了为什么成年人需要鼓励孩子面对困难。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“My answer is to take action based on the science behind desirable difficulties, which reveals the root of the question, and to do that, knowing what it is exactly is necessary. (我的回答是，要根据令人满意的困难背后的科学来采取行动，这揭示了问题的根源，要做到这一点，知道它到底是什么是必要的。)”可知，第一段引出“必要难度”这一概念，且作者提到了解“必要难度”是什么是必要的。再结合对Amanda的钢琴练习经历的描述及第二段的“In the part Amanda felt uncomfortable about, she met difficulty desirable for her. (在Amanda感到不舒服的部分，她遇到了她想要的困难。)”可知，作者通过这个故事来解释什么是“必要难度”。故选B项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But eventually she’d get to those she didn’t know as well. At that point, music became noise, and Amanda was struggling along the way. Very soon, there would be silence. Then Amanda would begin again at the beginning (但最终，她会接触到那些她不太了解的地方。在那一刻，音乐变成了噪音，Amanda一路挣扎。很快，就会一片寂静。然后Amanda又从头开始)”可知，当 Amanda 遇到她不熟悉的音节时，音乐变成了噪声……很快，房间里会变得安静，然后她会重新从开头开始，即Amanda会停止弹奏困难的部分，再次回到她熟悉的简单部分。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Students often misinterpret the feeling of “This is hard!” to mean “I must not be learning much!” However, the truth is that strategies taking more effort, like testing yourself rather than just rereading notes, produce greater long-term learning gains. Difficulty is desirable… but it’s not always desired. Don’t assume that kids avoid effort because they’re lazy. Instead, they may be misreading the sensation of effort as a signal that they’re failing to make progress. (学生们常常误解“这太难了！”的意思是“我一定学得不多！”然而，事实是，需要付出更多努力的策略，比如测试自己，而不仅仅是重读笔记，会产生更大的长期学习效果。难度是可取的，但并不总是可取的。不要以为孩子不努力是因为他们懒惰。相反，他们可能误解了努力的感觉，认为这是他们未能取得进展的信号。)”可知，学生常常把“很难”误解为“我学不到多少东西”，他们可能误解了努力的感觉，将其视为他们没有进步的信号。由此可推断，学生们会把费功夫的策略视为无效的。故选C。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Teach students to look at struggle in a sensible way by sharing stories of times you, too, felt confused and how insisting through difficulty helped you improve more than sticking to what you already knew. (通过分享你也感到困惑的时候的故事，教学生以一种明智的方式看待挣扎，以及坚持克服困难比坚持你已经知道的东西更能帮助你进步。)”可知，教育者可以通过分享自己克服困难的经历，帮助学生以正确的态度看待困难。故选D。 C Researchers found that they could accurately predict how close two people were based only on their brain activity in response to a series of unfamiliar video clips. Simply put: You and your best friends really do think alike. According to a Dartmouth study finding, friends have similar neural (神经的) responses to real-world stimuli (刺激) and these similarities can be used to predict who your friends are. The study reveals that friends have the most similar neural activity patterns, followed by friends-of-friends who, in turn, have more similar neural activity than people three degrees removed (friends-of-friends-of-friends). Published in Nature Communications, the study is the first of its kind to examine the connections between the neural reaction of people within a real-world social network. “Neural responses to dynamic, naturalistic stimuli, like videos, can give us a window into people’s unlimited, unplanned thought processes as they unfold. Our results suggest that friends process the world around them in exceptionally similar ways,” says lead author Carolyn Parkinson. The study analyzed the friendships or social ties within a group of 280 graduate students. The researchers estimated the social distance between pairs of individuals based on mutually (相互地) reported social ties. Forty-two of the students were asked to watch a range of videos while their neural activity was recorded in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. The videos covered a range of topics and genres, including politics, science, comedy and music videos, for which a range of responses was expected. Each participant watched the same videos in the same order, with the same instructions. The researchers then compared the neural responses pairwise across the set of students to determine if pairs of students who were friends had more similar brain activity than pairs further removed from each other in their social network. The findings revealed that neural response similarity was strongest among friends, and this pattern appeared across brain regions involved in emotional responding and high-level reasoning. Even when the researchers controlled variables, including left-handedness or right-handedness, age, gender, race, and nationality, the analogy in neural activity among friends was still evident. The team also found that fMRI response similarities could be used to predict not only if a pair were friends but also the social distance between the two. 8. How did the researchers judge the relationship between two people? A. By asking them to complete a questionnaire. B. By observing their interactions on casual occasions. C. By analyzing their brains’ reaction to videos. D. By comparing their valuations of the same visual material. 9. What can we know about the study mentioned in the text? A. It has yet to win recognition from the academic world. B. It involved more than 200 students watching various videos. C. It required a professional device to analyze participants’ conversation. D. It is original and checks people’s neural responses. 10. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The conclusion of the study. B. The process of the study. C. The working principle of an fMRI. D. The challenges of the researchers. 11. What does the underlined word “analogy” in the last paragraph mean? A. Similarity. B. Intensity. C. Abnormality. D. Benefit. 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项实验表明两个人大脑神经反应的相似度可以反映出他们关系的亲密度。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers found that they could accurately predict how close two people were based only on their brain activity in response to a series of unfamiliar video clips. Simply put: You and your best friends really do think alike.(研究人员发现，仅根据两个人在观看一系列不熟悉的视频片段时的大脑活动，他们就能准确预测两个人的亲密程度。简单地说：你和你最好的朋友确实想法相似)”可知，研究人员判断两个人关系的方式是通过让他们观看视频片段。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Published in Nature Communications, the study is the first of its kind to examine the connections between the neural reaction of people within a real-world social network.(该研究发表在《自然通讯》杂志上，是同类研究中首次研究现实社会网络中人们神经反应之间的联系)”可知，该研究是原创的，检查人们的神经反应。故选D。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The study analyzed the friendships or social ties within a group of 280 graduate students. The researchers estimated the social distance between pairs of individuals based on mutually (相互地) reported social ties. Forty-two of the students were asked to watch a range of videos while their neural activity was recorded in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. The videos covered a range of topics and genres, including politics, science, comedy and music videos, for which a range of responses was expected. Each participant watched the same videos in the same order, with the same instructions. The researchers then compared the neural responses pairwise across the set of students to determine if pairs of students who were friends had more similar brain activity than pairs further removed from each other in their social network.(这项研究分析了280名研究生的友谊或社会关系。研究人员根据彼此报告的社会关系来估计成对个体之间的社会距离。42名学生被要求观看一系列视频，同时他们的神经活动被功能磁共振成像（fMRI）扫描仪记录下来。这些视频涵盖了一系列主题和类型，包括政治、科学、喜剧和音乐视频，预计会有一系列回应。每个参与者都按照同样的顺序，按照同样的指示观看同样的视频。然后，研究人员对这组学生的神经反应进行了两两比较，以确定朋友之间的大脑活动是否比在社交网络中疏远的学生更相似)”可知，该段是按照时间与逻辑顺序展开，讲述了该项研究的过程。故选B。 【11题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“The findings revealed that neural response similarity was strongest among friends, and this pattern appeared across brain regions involved in emotional responding and high-level reasoning.(研究结果显示，朋友之间的神经反应相似性最强，这种模式出现在涉及情绪反应和高级推理的大脑区域)”以及划线词上文“Even when the researchers controlled variables, including left-handedness or right-handedness, age, gender, race, and nationality, the”可知，研究结果表明朋友之间的神经反应相似性最强，且即使研究人员控制了一系列变量，朋友之间神经活动在analogy方面仍然很明显。Even表递进关系，由此可知，画线词应该指的就是朋友之间神经反应的“相似性”。故选A。 D With fundamental developments in the field of technology, some experts foresee serious risks to jobs and employability in the coming years due to the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). Approximately 27% of jobs are at high risk of automation during the artificial intelligence era. Low and middle-skilled jobs are most at risk, including construction, farming, fishing, forestry and, to a lesser extent, production and transportation. High-skilled occupations, despite being more exposed to recent progress in AI, face the least risk of automation. While the adoption of AI is still relatively low, rapid progress, falling technology costs and the increasing availability of workers with AI skills suggest that the world may be on the edge of an AI revolution (革命) . So far there is little evidence of a negative employment impact on firms that adopt AI. Workers and employers say that AI can reduce boring and dangerous tasks, leading to greater employee engagement and physical safety. Nevertheless, a recent survey showed that three in five workers are worried about losing their job to AI within the next decade. Additionally, a similar number of workers worry that wages would decrease due to AI. More than half of workers are concerned about privacy and three in four say that AI has increased work pace. In my opinion, for the better protection of the labour market and workers in the coming years, governments should encourage employers to provide more training, integrate AI skills into education and support diversity in the AI workforce. There is an urgent need for policy action to address AI risks in the workplace and to ensure accountability for and openness to employment-related decisions supported by AI. The recent speedup of generative AI-related developments and tools marks a technological watershed (转折点) with material implications in many workplaces. Longer-term policy frameworks for the use of AI in the workplace should be considered and closer international cooperation should be seen to maximize the benefits while appropriately managing the risks. 12. Who may be most affected by automation? A. A tour guide. B. A building worker. C. A coffee producer. D. A farming professional. 13. What is the author’s attitude towards the adoption of AI in the workplace? A. Deeply concerned. B. Strongly opposed. C. Carefully optimistic. D. Relatively conservative. 14. What do the figures in paragraph 4 imply? A. Harmed personal privacy. B. Decreased job satisfaction. C. AI-related positions’ popularity. D. Workers’ broad concern over AI. 15. What is the author’s advice in the last paragraph? A. Adopting policies to regulate AI’s impact. B. Limiting AI’s application in the workplace. C. Promoting cooperation between AI firms. D. Investing more in AI education in colleges. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讨论了人工智能（AI）对就业的影响及应对措施。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第二段“Low and middle-skilled jobs are most at risk, including construction, farming, fishing, forestry and, to a lesser extent, production and transportation. High-skilled occupations, despite being more exposed to recent progress in AI, face the least risk of automation. (低技能和中等技能的工作面临的风险最大，包括建筑、农业、渔业、林业，以及较小程度上的生产和运输。尽管高技能职业更容易接触到人工智能的最新进展，但它们面临的自动化风险最小。)”可知，低到中等技能的工作面临的风险最大，包括建筑、农业、渔业和林业。由此可判断建筑工人受自动化的影响最大。故选B项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“So far there is little evidence of a negative employment impact on firms that adopt AI. Workers and employers say that AI can reduce boring and dangerous tasks, leading to greater employee engagement and physical safety. (到目前为止，几乎没有证据表明采用人工智能的公司会对就业产生负面影响。员工和雇主表示，人工智能可以减少无聊和危险的任务，从而提高员工的敬业度和人身安全。)”及最后一段中“In my opinion, for the better protection of the labour market and workers in the coming years, governments should encourage employers to provide more training, integrate AI skills into education and support diversity in the AI workforce. There is an urgent need for policy action to address AI risks in the workplace and to ensure accountability for and openness to employment-related decisions supported by AI. (在我看来，为了在未来几年更好地保护劳动力市场和工人，政府应该鼓励雇主提供更多的培训，将人工智能技能融入教育，并支持人工智能劳动力的多样性。迫切需要采取政策行动，解决工作场所的人工智能风险，并确保对人工智能支持的就业相关决策的问责制和开放性。)”可知，作者对人工智能持谨慎乐观的态度，既看到了其优势，也意识到需要采取措施来应对其带来的挑战。故选C项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Nevertheless, a recent survey showed that three in five workers are worried about losing their job to AI within the next decade. Additionally, a similar number of workers worry that wages would decrease due to AI. More than half of workers are concerned about privacy and three in four say that AI has increased work pace. (然而，最近的一项调查显示，五分之三的工人担心在未来十年内会被人工智能抢走工作。与此同时，也有相当比例的人担心人工智能会导致工资下降。超过一半的员工担心隐私问题，四分之三的人表示人工智能加快了工作节奏。)”可知，本段中的数据主要展示了工人们对人工智能影响的广泛担忧，包括失业、工资下降、隐私问题和工作节奏加快等。故选D项。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In my opinion, for the better protection of the labour market and workers in the coming years, governments should encourage employers to provide more training, integrate AI skills into education and support diversity in the AI workforce. There is an urgent need for policy action to address AI risks in the workplace and to ensure accountability for and openness to employment-related decisions supported by AI. The recent speedup of generative AI-related developments and tools marks a technological watershed (转折点) with material implications in many workplaces. Longer-term policy frameworks for the use of AI in the workplace should be considered and closer international cooperation should be seen to maximize the benefits while appropriately managing the risks. (在我看来，为了在未来几年更好地保护劳动力市场和工人，政府应该鼓励雇主提供更多的培训，将人工智能技能融入教育，并支持人工智能劳动力的多样性。迫切需要采取政策行动，解决工作场所的人工智能风险，并确保对人工智能支持的就业相关决策的问责制和开放性。最近，与生成式人工智能相关的开发和工具的加速标志着一个技术分水岭，在许多工作场所具有重大影响。应考虑在工作场所使用人工智能的长期政策框架，并应开展更密切的国际合作，以在适当管理风险的同时实现利益最大化。)”可知，作者建议制定政策来调控人工智能对就业的影响，包括把人工智能技能纳入教育体系、采取政策行动应对工作场所中的人工智能风险、考虑人工智能在工作场所使用的长期政策框架等。故选A项。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Are all the emails and social media notifications making you anxious or getting you down? Is having to learn yet another new piece of software stressing you out? Are the boundaries between family life and work life unclear because of technology? ___16___ The term is used to describe the negative psychological effect that using new technologies can have. Though many people may not be familiar with technostress, they probably are familiar with the feelings of having too much technology in their lives. Technostress can be broken down into a few subcategories including techno-overload, techno-complexity and techno-invasion. ___17___ Technostress may make people feel down or burned-out and even suffer from depression. Some may feel tension in the body, which can lead to headaches and back pain. ___18___ That is why dealing with technostress is vital to overall health. ___19___ Acknowledge that it’s a sign of strength and courage to recognize a mental health challenge and take steps to manage it. Experts encourage people struggling with technostress to take steps in the workplace to get involved in how technology may be used. Taking time each day to get outside is also a great way. By all accounts, there’s almost nothing that aids in stress management so much as a few hours spent in the park, the woods or the mountains. ___20___ Hours spent on the computer may be perceived as stressful but the stressors can be seen as more bearable if on this day one can look forward to a walk in nature. Just go outside and nature never disappoints. A. All of them can have significant effects on health. B. It’s not a medical problem but can lead to diseases. C. Such time is one ready resource available to most people. D. In the connected world, most people continuously multitask. E. You may be experiencing a phenomenon known as technostress. F. Engaging in activities that are grounding and centering is helpful. G. The first thing to do is to accept that it’s normal to have stress from technology. 【答案】16. E 17. A 18. B 19. G 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了技术压力这一现象，以及如何通过一些策略来应对技术压力。语篇鼓励考生正确处理生活中的问题，关注身心健康。 【16题详解】 空前“Are all the emails and social media notifications making you anxious or getting you down? Is having to learn yet another new piece of software stressing you out? Are the boundaries between family life and work life unclear because of technology?(所有的电子邮件和社交媒体通知是否让你感到焦虑或沮丧？不得不学习另一款新软件会让你感到压力吗？由于科技的发展，家庭生活和工作生活之间的界限变得模糊了吗？)”通过三个并列问句描述技术影响人们的场景；空后“The term is used to describe the negative psychological effect that using new technologies can have.(这个词用来描述使用新技术可能产生的负面心理影响。)”提到这个术语的影响。所以空处内容应是对三个场景的解释或拓展，且涉及一个术语，使The term有所指，E项“你可能正在经历一种被称为技术压 力的现象”能概括上述问题，且technostress与The term呼应。故选E项。 【17题详解】 空前“Technostress can be broken down into a few subcategories including techno-overload, techno-complexity and techno-invasion.(技术压力可以分为几个子类，包括技术超载、技术复杂性和技术入侵。)”提到了技术压力的几种子类别，故空处内容应涉及这些子类别。对比选项可知，A项中的“All of them”可承接上文，指代“techno-overload, techno-complexity and techno-invasion”，所以A选项“所有这些都会对健康产生重大影响。”起到承上启下作用。故选A项。 【18题详解】 空前“Some may feel tension in the body, which can lead to headaches and back pain.(有些人可能会感到身体紧张，这会导致头痛和背痛。)”提到了技术压力可能产生的一些问题。空后“That is why dealing with technostress is vital to overall health.(这就是为什么应对技术压力对整体健康至关重要。)”提到了应对技术压力的重要性。前后内容都与技术压力对健康的影响有关，所以空处也应围绕这一内容展开。B项“这不是一个医学问题，但可能导致疾病”总结了空前的描述，并引出空后处理技术压力的重要性。故选B项。 【19题详解】 空后“Acknowledge that it’s a sign of strength and courage to recognize a mental health challenge and take steps to manage it. Experts encourage people struggling with technostress to take steps in the workplace to get involved in how technology may be used.(承认这是一种力量和勇气的标志，认识到心理健康的挑战，并采取措施来管理它。专家们鼓励那些与技术压力作斗争的人在工作场所采取措施，了解如何使用技术。)”提到了对待技术压力的态度，是所有G项“首先要做的是接受有技术压力是正常的”能概括下文内容，符合语境。故选G项。 【20题详解】 空前“Taking time each day to get outside is also a great way. By all accounts, there’s almost nothing that aids in stress management so much as a few hours spent in the park, the woods or the mountains.(每天花点时间出去走走也是一个很好的方法。大家都说，几乎没有什么比在公园、树林或山上呆上几个小时更能帮助管理压力了。)”提到了花点时间出去走走，所以C项“对大多数人来说，这样的时间是现成的资源。”能承接上文，且Such time与空前的a few hours spent in the park，the woods or the mountains呼应。故选C项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Every family goes through a shift in responsibilities, as I did recently when my wife and I stayed with our elder son Nathaniel at his house in Los Angeles for the first time. A whole week under his ___21___! “Dad, stop leaving the water running when you wash your hands,” Nathaniel ___22___ on our first night. “All right,” I responded. “This is California, where ___23___ water is particularly important.” But I was also caught pulling extra paper towels to wipe the kitchen counter and was ___24___ to use the dishcloth. More ___25___ followed. Not to leave my walking shoes sitting out. Don’t wear a neck ___26___ for the morning dog walk — the temperature will rise when we get to the park. Initially, I questioned how I’d ___27___ such a “bossy” son. Then I remembered how often I threw the golden rule of fatherhood at Nathaniel when he was young. So I ___28___ acted upon Nathaniel’s household rules, but with a touch of ___29___, like hiding a separate roll of paper towels, or ____30____ one of his favorite photographs a few inches. There were added ____31____ of following Nathaniel’s lead. He cleaned dishes after dinner, ____32____ he would do a better job than my wife and me. He also set our daily outings and willingly drove everywhere, which ____33____ me the pain of Los Angeles traffic. Our role ____34____ revealed another side of my elder boy, giving me hope for his future ____35____ ability. I was confident that my son is rising to fatherhood. 21. A. guidance B. influence C. roof D. protection 22. A. explained B. warned C. whispered D. shouted 23. A. conserving B. drinking C. delivering D. purifying 24. A. motivated B. allowed C. instructed D. promised 25. A. orders B. members C. conflicts D. tasks 26. A. collar B. support C. pillow D. warmer 27. A. brought up B. turned to C. come back at D. got rid of 28. A. hesitantly B. bravely C. cheerfully D. intentionally 29. A. humor B. playfulness C. bitterness D. offence 30. A. moving B. shooting C. deleting D. sticking 31. A. feelings B. benefits C. differences D. challenges 32. A. pretending B. agreeing C. forecasting D. assuming 33. A. showed B. spared C. denied D. passed 34. A. adaptation B. definition C. model D. switch 35. A. problem-solving B. decision-making C. parenting D. teaching 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】主要讲述了作者在儿子家住了一周的时间，期间儿子对自己发布各种命令，但作者却很开心，因为他从这个过程中看到了儿子的成长和成熟，看到了儿子胜任父亲角色的可能。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：在他的屋檐下度过了整整一个星期。A. guidance指导；B. influence影响；C. roof屋顶；D. protection保护。根据上文的“as I did recently when my wife and I stayed with our elder son Nathaniel at his house in Los Angeles for the first time.”可知，作者和妻子是住在儿子家中的，under one’s roof表示“在某人家里”。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：“爸爸，洗手时不要让水流着，”Nathaniel在我们的第一个晚上警告说。A. explained解释；B. warned警告；C. whispered耳语；D. shouted喊叫。根据上文的“Dad, stop leaving the water running when you wash your hands”可知，Nathaniel是在警告父亲别浪费水。 【23题详解】 考查动词析。句意：“这是加州，节约用水尤为重要。”A. conserving节约；B. drinking饮用；C. delivering输送；D. purifying净化。根据上文的“stop leaving the water running when you wash your hands”和下文的“water is particularly important”可知，此处强调的是在加利福尼亚节约用水的重要性。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：但我在拿额外的纸巾擦厨房柜台时也被发现了，并且被指示使用洗碗布。A. motivated激励；B. allowed允许；C. instructed指示；D. promised承诺。根据上文的“caught pulling extra paper towels”和下文的“use the dishcloth”可知，作者被指示使用抹布而不是纸巾来擦拭厨房操作台。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：更多的命令接踵而至。A. orders命令；B. members成员；C. conflicts冲突；D. tasks任务。根据上文“stop leaving the water running when you wash your hands”及下文“Not to leave my walking shoes sitting out.”可知，Nathaniel给作者发布了很多命令。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：早上遛狗时不要戴保暖物，因为当我们到达公园时气温会升高。A. collar衣领；B. support支撑；C. pillow枕头；D. warmer保暖物。根据下文“for the morning dog walk — the temperature will rise when we get to the park”可知，这里指不要戴保暖物品。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：最初，我质疑我是怎么养育出这样一个“爱发号施令的”的儿子的。A. brought up养育；B. turned to转向；C. come back at回击；反驳；D. got rid of摆脱。根据下文的“how often I threw the golden rule of fatherhood at Nathaniel when he was young”可知，作者回忆起自己教育儿子时的“金科玉律”，这也暗示了此处指起初，作者疑惑自己是如何养育出这样一个“爱发号施令的”儿子的。 【28题详解】 考查副词。句意：所以我愉快地按照Nathaniel的家规行事，但带有一点俏皮，比如藏一卷单独的纸巾，或者将他最喜欢的照片之一移动几英寸。A. hesitantly犹豫；B. bravely勇敢；C. cheerfully高兴；D. intentionally故意。根据上文“how often I threw the golden rule of fatherhood at Nathaniel when he was young”作者意识到自己曾经对Nathaniel也很严格，此处作者看到了儿子的成长，所以作者决定愉快地遵守儿子的家庭规则。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：所以我愉快地按照Nathaniel的家规行事，但带有一点俏皮，比如藏一卷单独的纸巾，或者将他最喜欢的照片之一移动几英寸。A. humor幽默；B. playfulness俏皮；C. bitterness苦涩；D. offence冒犯。根据下文“like hiding a separate roll of paper towels”及“one of his favorite photographs a few inches”可知，作者带着些许玩心来遵守这些规定。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：所以我愉快地按照Nathaniel的家规行事，但带有一点俏皮，比如藏一卷单独的纸巾，或者将他最喜欢的照片之一移动几英寸。A. moving移动；B. shooting拍摄；C. deleting删除；D. sticking粘贴。根据上文的“hiding a separate roll of paper towels”及下文的“one of his favorite photographs a few inches”可知，此处指作者还把儿子最喜欢的照片挪动一点距离。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：遵从Nathaniel的领导还有额外的好处。A. feelings感受；B. benefits好处；C. differences差异；D. challenges挑战。根据下文的“He cleaned dishes after dinner”及“He also set our daily outings and willingly drove everywhere”可知，遵守儿子的规定还有额外的好处。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：他晚饭后洗碗，认为他会比我和我的妻子做得更好。A. pretending假装；B. agreeing同意；C. forecasting预测；D. assuming认为。根据下文中的“he would do a better job than my wife and me”可知，Nathaniel认为自己比父母做得更好，因此他负责洗碗。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：他还安排了我们每天的郊游，并愿意开车到处走，这让我免于洛杉矶交通的痛苦。A. showed显示；B. spared使……免于；C. denied否认；D. passed通过。根据上文“He also set our daily outings and willingly drove everywhere”及下文“the pain of Los Angeles traffic”可知，Nathaniel开车使得作者免于遭受交通带来的痛苦。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们的角色转换揭示了我大儿子的另一面，让我对他未来的育儿能力充满希望。A. adaptation适应；B. definition定义；C. model型号；D. switch交换。根据上文“Every family goes through a shift in responsibilities”可知，这里指的是作者和孩子交换角色。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们的角色转换揭示了我大儿子的另一面，让我对他未来的育儿能力充满希望。A. problem-solving解决问题；B. decision-making决策；C. parenting育儿；D. teaching教学。根据上文的“giving me hope”和最后一句“I was confident that my son is rising to fatherhood”可知，作者对儿子未来的育儿能力充满希望。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The beautiful Li River is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It attracts millions of visitors each year. However, its reputation as a top destination has had negative effects ____36____ the river’s water quality. Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of ____37____ frequently threw garbage into the river. The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose ____38____ (rapid), as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises. In order to feed more people, more chemicals ____39____ (use) to increase crop production. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, ____40____ (cause) an ongoing decrease in the number of fish species. Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment ____41____ felt that urgent steps should be taken ____42____ (restore) the river’s original beauty. A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that ____43____ (address) the issues. Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved. The local government set up strict regulations regarding ____44____ (far) industrial development. In addition, the local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental ____45____ (aware) and encourage greater use of clean energy. With the measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. 【答案】36. on##ipon 37. whom 38. rapidly 39. were used 40. causing 41. and 42. to restore 43. addressed 44. further 45. awareness 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了漓江由于旅游业的发展导致水质恶化，以及当地政府采取措施改善水质、保护自然环境的努力。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意：然而，它作为顶级旅游目的地的声誉对漓江的水质产生了负面影响。此处表示“对……产生负面影响”，应用固定短语have negative effects on/upon。故填on/upon。 【37题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：此前，漓江的水质因游客数量的增加而受到严重影响，其中许多人经常向江中扔垃圾。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是tourists，指人，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：旅游业的增长也意味着当地人口迅速增长，商业和工业企业数量也在增加。空处修饰动词rose，应用副词rapidly作状语。故填rapidly。 【39题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：为了养活更多的人，人们使用了更多的化学物质来增加农作物产量。空处作句子的谓语，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语chemicals和动词use之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，be动词应用were。故填were used。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些化学物质导致了严重的水质问题，导致鱼类物种数量持续减少。空处作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式。故填causing。 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境，并认为应该采取紧急措施来恢复河流原有的美丽。“were concerned”和“felt”为并列谓语动词，应用连词and连接。故填and。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式。故填to restore。 【43题详解】 考查时态。句意：启动了一项全面的倡议，采取了一系列措施来解决这些问题。空处作定语从句的谓语，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填addressed。 【44题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：当地政府制定了严格的法规，限制工业的进一步发展。此处表示“进一步的”，应用far的比较级further。故填further。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：此外，当地政府开始利用媒体传播环保意识，鼓励更多地使用清洁能源。空处作动词spread的宾语，应用名词awareness，意为“意识”，是不可数名词。故填awareness。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你校将举行一次中国传统手工艺品展。请给你的美国朋友Chris写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1．介绍活动情况； 2．邀请他参加活动。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 Dear Chris, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Chris, How is everything going? I’m writing to invite you to a Chinese traditional handicrafts exhibition to be held in our school. It will take place in the school hall next Friday afternoon. Various amazing traditional handicrafts will be on display, such as paper cuttings, clay figures, and Chinese knots. Not only can you appreciate these beautiful works, but you can also learn how to make them from skilled craftsmen. You will get a deep insight into the splendid Chinese traditional culture. I’m sure you will have a wonderful time. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给美国朋友Chris写邮件，介绍学校即将举办的中国传统手工艺品展，并诚挚邀请对方前来参加。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 传统的：traditional → conventional 展出：display → exhibit 技艺精湛的：skilled → proficient 壮丽的：splendid → magnificent 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Various amazing traditional handicrafts will be on display, such as paper cuttings, clay figures, and Chinese knots. 拓展句：Various traditional handicrafts, which are amazing, will be on display, such as paper cuttings, clay figures, and Chinese knots. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】I’m writing to invite you to a Chinese traditional handicrafts exhibition to be held in our school.(运用不定式作目的状语) 【高分句型 2】I’m sure you will have a wonderful time. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Fifteen-year-old Cameron and twelve-year-old Barton lived in a town in Taxco. Their parents worked tirelessly day in and day out, yet still struggled to make ends meet. Cameron and Barton, both in middle school, witnessed their parents’ hard work and anxiety and decided to take action and offer their assistance. As summer vacation began, while other children were enjoying their carefree time, Cameron and Barton had a different plan. They started the challenging journey of seeking part-time jobs. Their first attempt was at a local restaurant. Filled with hope, they stood before the manager with an eager expression. However, the manager looked at them critically and said, “You two are too young!” Their hearts sank instantly. Cameron felt a sense of deep disappointment, thinking, “How can we prove ourselves if no one gives us a chance?” Barton’s face fell as he asked his brother, “Will we ever find a job?” Not discouraged by the rejection, they then went to a store named Thompson’s Grocery, hoping to become assistants. “Hello, you must be Mr. Thompson. We’re here to apply for the job,” Cameron said. Barton stood on tiptoe and handed a card from their school’s help-wanted board to Mr. Thompson behind the counter, who was the owner and seemed to be a kind person. However, before they could say more, he shook his head. “This job is too hard for you kids,” he said. “I need someone big and strong.” “Let us give it a try, and if you don’t like our work, don’t pay us,” Cameron begged. He stared at the brothers, who were so sincere, then nodding. Next, he led them to the warehouse (仓库) of the store. The floor was piled with boxes of different sizes and all kinds of objects at random, filling every corner. The various items were mixed up chaotically (杂乱地). It seemed as if they had never been sorted or cleaned. Cameron and Barton were required to clear away the items. 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （1）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 “It’s a tough job. Just do as much as you can,” Mr. Thompson said. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cameron and Barton asked Mr. Thompson to come after they finished. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 “It’s a tough job. Just do as much as you can,” Mr. Thompson said. Indeed, the task seemed so demanding. Not long after they started working, the heat and dust made them uncomfortable. Cameron’s arms ached from moving heavy boxes, and Barton’s back was sore from bending over. When they had to stop for a break, only a small part was finished. Although the thought of giving up crossed their minds, the brothers pushed it aside thinking about how hard their parents had been working. The task took them over three hours, but they finally made the warehouse clean and tidy. Cameron and Barton asked Mr. Thompson to come after they finished. Mr. Thompson’s eyes widened seeing the once chaotic space took on a completely new look, where everything was in order. He had not expected the brothers to do this job so well. Mr. Thompson handed them their wages, paying extra, and said, “You’ve earned this. By the way, I could use some help over the summer. I wonder if you’re interested.”“We’d love to!” Barton replied happily. Then the brothers went home excitedly, eager to share their success with their parents. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了十五岁的Cameron和十二岁的Barton来自Taxco的一个小镇，父母辛勤工作仍入不敷出，兄弟俩决定在暑假寻找兼职帮助家庭。尽管初次求职被餐馆经理拒绝，他们并未气馁，随后向Thompson杂货店申请工作。店主起初认为他们太小，但在兄弟俩的真诚请求下同意让他们试一试。最终，Cameron和Barton被安排清理仓库的杂物。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容““这活儿可不轻松。你们尽力而为就行，”Thompson先生说道。”可知，第一段可描写兄弟二人的辛苦工作的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“Cameron和Barton完成后请Thompson先生过来看看。”可知，第二段可描写Thompson先生看到二人的成果后的反应和最后的结果。 2.续写线索：安排任务——努力完成——请Thompson先生来——得到钱——再次被邀请——兴奋地回家 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①开始：start/begin ②完成：finish/complete ③放弃：give up/abandon 情绪类 ①高兴地：happily/delightedly ②兴奋地：excitedly/feverishly 【点睛】[高分句型1] When they had to stop for a break, only a small part was finished. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型2] Mr. Thompson’s eyes widened seeing the once chaotic space took on a completely new look, where everything was in order. (运用了现在分词作状语和where引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $