专题02 Units 3～4高频考点+语法被动语态（期末复习讲义）八年级英语下学期新教材沪教版

专题 Units 3~4（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 被动语态的基本结构：am/is/are + 过去分词；was/were + 过去分词；will be + 过去分词。 2. 规则动词与不规则动词的过去分词形式（如 draw→drawn, make→made, write→written）。 3. 常用短语搭配：combine...with...; come to life; be influenced by; be known as; make up one's mind; be made of; separate...from...; be damaged; on exhibition; It is no surprise that... 等。 复习难点：1. 不规则动词过去分词的准确记忆与拼写。 2. 主动语态中省略to的不定式（如 make sb do, see sb do）变为被动语态时还原to。 3. 感官动词（feel, sell等）主动形式表示被动含义的用法。 4. 根据时间状语和语境准确判断使用一般过去时还是一般将来时的被动语态。 考情规律 掌握下列核心短语在具体语境中的正确搭配：have a history of + 时间段； combine A with B； come to life； be influenced by； It is no surprise that...； be known as； make up one's mind to do sth.； be made of / from； be damaged / split into / go separate ways； separate...from...； on exhibition / be shown together； be considered as / to be 句型转换/翻译： • 主动语态 ↔ 被动语态（含双宾语、情态动词、感官动词） • 将汉语短句翻译成被动语态的英语句子 • 用所给动词的适当形式填空（被动语态） • 同义句转换（如 not...enough to ↔ too...to） • 合并句子或改写句子（强调动作承受者） Unit 3 知识点1 Chinese animation has a history of more than 100 years. 中国动画有100多年的历史。（教材p37） 1.animation 是其动词形式animate的名词形式，意为“动画”。 I like watching animation very much. 我非常喜欢看动画。 2. history 在此处作名词，意为“历史”。常用搭配为“have a history of...”，表示“有……的历史”。 This school has a history of 80 years. 这所学校有80年的历史。 3. more than是一个常用短语，意为“多于；超过”，后面可接数字、名词或形容词。 He has more than 100 books. 他有100多本书。 It’s more than interesting. 这非常有趣。 The story is ______ interesting; I strongly recommend it. A. more B. more than C. than D. much 解析：句意： 这个故事非常有趣，我强烈推荐它。more than + 形容词 意为“非常……”，相当于 very。句意为“这个故事非常有趣”。选项 A 缺少 than；C 不完整；D 语法不符。故选B。 知识点2 combine... with... This art form combines modern technology with traditional art techniques. 这种艺术形式将现代技术与传统艺术技法相结合。（教材p37） combine... with... 是一个固定短语，意为“将……与……相结合”。 We should combine work with pleasure. 我们应该劳逸结合。 combination是其名词形式，意为“结合；组合”。 The combination of colours is very beautiful. 颜色的组合非常美。 The new teaching method successfully ______ traditional classroom instruction ______ online learning. A. combines; with B. combines; to C. connects; with D. connects; to 解析：句意： 这种新教学方法成功地将传统课堂教学与在线学习结合了起来。固定短语 combine... with... 意为“将……与……相结合”。选项 A 符合结构；B 搭配错误（combine 不与 to 连用）；C 和 D 虽然 connect... with/to 也可表示“连接”，但此处强调“融合、结合”，用 combine 更准确，且题干考查的是 combine。故选A。 知识点3 In this groundbreaking film, Zhu Bajie and the other characters come to life on screen just like shadow puppets. 在这部开创性的电影中，猪八戒和其他角色像皮影戏一样在屏幕上栩栩如生。 groundbreaking形容词，意为“开创性的；突破性的；革新的”。 构词法：ground（地面）+ breaking（打破）→ 打破地面 → 比喻“破土动工” → 引申为“开创性的”。 This is a groundbreaking discovery in medicine.这是医学上的一项突破性发现。 come to life，动词短语，意为“变得生动；栩栩如生；苏醒；活跃起来”。 可以指：事物从静止/死板变得生动、有活力（如电影角色、画面、故事）。人或生物苏醒（从昏迷或沉睡中醒过来）。地方或活动变得热闹、充满生机。 The characters in the novel come to life on the screen.小说中的人物在屏幕上活了起来。 The scientist won an award for her ______ work in cancer research. A. groundbreak B. groundbreaking C. groundbroken D. groundbreakingly 解析：句意：这位科学家因其在癌症研究方面的开创性工作而获奖。 groundbreaking 是形容词，意为“开创性的”，修饰名词 work。A 不是正确单词；C 形式错误；D 是副词，不能修饰名词。故选B。 The story of the hero ______ when the actor began to speak. A. came to life B. came to alive C. came life D. came to living 解析：句意：当演员开始说话时，英雄的故事变得生动起来。 come to life 是固定短语，意为“变得生动；栩栩如生”。B 中的 alive 是形容词，不能接在 to 后；C 缺少 to；D 搭配错误。故选A。 知识点4 amaze The film amazed audiences across China. 这部电影惊艳了全中国的观众。（教材p37） amaze作动词，意为“使惊奇；使惊叹”。常用结构为：“主语 + amaze(s) + 宾语”。 His magic trick amazed all the children. 他的魔术让所有孩子惊叹不已。 形容词（令人惊奇的）：amazing 形容词（感到惊奇的）：amazed 名词（惊奇）：amazement The audience was ______ by the magician's wonderful performance. They had never seen anything so ______. A. amazing; amazed B. amazed; amazing C. amazed; amazed D. amazing; amazing 解析：句意：观众们被魔术师精彩的表演惊呆了。他们从未见过如此令人惊奇的事情。 第一空修饰人 The audience，表示“感到惊奇的”，用 amazed。第二空修饰事物 performance，表示“令人惊奇的”，用 amazing。故选B。 知识点5 be influenced by This short film was influenced by the famous artist Qi Baishi. 这部短片受到了著名艺术家齐白石的影响。（教材p37） be influenced by是一个固定短语，意为“受到……的影响”，常用于被动语态。 His writing style was influenced by his favourite author. 他的写作风格受他最喜欢的作家影响。 influence也可作名词，意为“影响”。 The teacher has a good influence on his students. 这位老师对他的学生有很好的影响。 Many young painters ______ by the traditional Chinese painting style and created their own masterpieces. A. Influenced B. were influenced C. had influence D. have been influencing 解析：句意： 许多年轻画家受到了中国传统绘画风格的影响，并创作出了自己的杰作。 主语 Many young painters 与动词 influence 之间存在被动关系，意为“被……影响”，因此用被动语态 were influenced。后文 created 为一般过去时，故前面也用一般过去时被动语态。选项 A 缺少 be 动词；C 中 had influence 是主动形式，且 influence 作名词时需搭配 on；D 是现在完成进行时主动语态，不符合句意和语法。故选B。 知识点6 It is no surprise that the much-loved characters often appear in animation. 这些深受喜爱的角色经常出现在动画中，这并不奇怪。（教材p37） 1. It is no surprise that... 是一个常用句型，意为“……并不奇怪”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 It is no surprise that he won the game. 他赢了比赛，这并不奇怪。 2. much-loved 是复合形容词，意为“深受喜爱的”。 He is a much-loved teacher in our school. 他是我们学校一位深受爱戴的老师。 3. appear 作动词，意为“出现”，反义词是disappear（消失）。 The sun appeared from behind the clouds. 太阳从云层后出现了。 ______ no surprise that he passed the exam after studying so hard. A. It is B. There is C. That is D. This is 解析：句意：他那么努力学习，通过了考试并不奇怪。 固定句型 It is no surprise that... 中， it 作形式主语，真正主语是 that 从句。其他选项不能构成此结构。故选A。 As soon as the sun ______ from behind the clouds, the whole room became bright. A. appeared B. disappeared C. was appeared D. appearing 解析： appear 作不及物动词，意为“出现”，符合句意“太阳从云层后出现”。B 意为“消失”， 与句意相反；C 被动形式错误（appear 无被动）；D 非谓语动词，不能作谓语。句意：太 阳一从云层后出现，整个房间就亮了。故选A。 知识点7 continue Chinese animators continue to explore new methods. 中国动画师继续探索新方法。（教材p37） continue 作动词，意为“继续”。 结构1：continue to do sth. 继续做……（不同的事） 结构2：continue doing sth. 继续做……（相同的事） Stop talking. Please continue to read the story. 别说话了。请继续读故事。 After a short break, the teacher asked the students to continue ______ the experiment from where they left off. A. to do B. doing C. do D. done 解析：句意： 短暂休息后，老师让学生们从他们停下的地方继续做实验。continue doing sth. 意为“继续做同一件事”。句中“from where they left off”（从他们停下的地方继续）表明是接着做原来未完成的同一项实验，因此用 doing。若用 continue to do，则暗示做另一件不同的事，与语境不符。选项 C 和 D 语法错误。故选B。 Unit 4 知识点1 master It was painted by Huang Gongwang, one of the Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty. 它是元代四大家之一的黄公望画的。（教材p52） master在此处作名词，意为“大师；名家”，特指在某领域技艺精湛的人。常用搭配为“a master of...”，表示“……方面的大师”。 He is a master of paper-cutting. 他是剪纸艺术的大师。 master 也可作动词，意为“精通；掌握”。其名词形式masterpiece意为“杰作；代表作”。 He spent years mastering the skills of oil painting. 他花了多年时间掌握油画技巧。 This painting is his masterpiece. 这幅画是他的杰作。 After years of hard work, he finally ______ the art of Chinese painting and became a true ______. His latest work is regarded as a ______. A. mastered; master; masterpiece B. master; mastered; masterpiece C. masterpiece; master; mastered D. mastered; masterpiece; master 解析：句意： 经过多年的努力，他终于掌握了中国绘画艺术，成为了一位真正的大师。他的最新作品被视为一件杰作。第一空：动词 mastered（精通/掌握），与 the art 构成动宾结构，用过去式与后文 became 时态一致。第二空：名词 master（大师），a true master 意为“一位真正的大师”。第三空：名词 masterpiece（杰作），a masterpiece 意为“一件杰作”。选项 B、C、D 的词序和词性搭配均不正确。故选A。 知识点2 whenever Over the following years, he then added parts to it whenever he was in the mood. 在接下来的几年里，每当他有心情的时候，他就会往画上添加一些部分。（教材p52） whenever是连接词，意为“每当；无论何时”，引导时间状语从句，表示一种习惯性或重复性的行为。它相当于 every time 或 no matter when。 Over the following years, he added parts to it whenever he was in the mood. 在接下来的几年里，每当他有心情的时候，他就会往画上添加一些部分。 Whenever I see this painting, I think of my hometown. 每当我看到这幅画，我就会想起我的家乡。 类似用法的词：wherever 无论哪里、whatever 无论什么、whoever无论谁、however无论怎样 ______ he meets difficulties, he never gives up and always tries to find a solution. A. Whenever B. Wherever C. Whatever D. However 解析：句意： 每当他遇到困难，他从不放弃，总是试图找到解决办法。Whenever 意为“每当；无论何时”，引导时间状语从句，表示每次遇到困难时，符合句意。Wherever（无论哪里）表地点；Whatever（无论什么）表事物；However（无论怎样）表情态。均不符合本句的时间逻辑。故选A。 知识点3 alone On the river, there is a man sitting alone on a boat. 在河边，有一个人独自坐在船上。（教材p53） alone 在此处作副词，意为“独自地”，修饰动词，表示没有同伴。它也可以作形容词，意为“单独的”，但只能作表语，不能放在名词前。 On the river, there is a man sitting alone on a boat. 在河边，有一个人独自坐在船上。 lonely意为“孤独的”，带有感情色彩，表示感到孤单。而 alone 只是客观描述“独自一人”，不一定感到孤单。 He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely. 他独自一人生活，但并不感到孤独。 The old man lives ______ in a small village, but he never feels ______ because he has many friends nearby. A. lonely; alone B. alone; alone C. alone; lonely D. lonely; lonely 解析：句意： 这位老人独自一人住在一个小村庄里，但他从不感到孤独，因为他附近有很多朋友。第一空修饰动词 lives，表示“独自一人居住”，用副词 alone。第二空在系动词 feels 后，表示主观感受“孤独的”，用形容词 lonely。alone 强调客观状态（无同伴），lonely 强调内心感受（孤单）。故选C。 知识点4 damage The famous painting was damaged by fire, and it was split into two pieces. 这幅著名的画作被大火损坏，并被分裂成两段。（教材p 53） damage在此处作动词，意为“损坏；毁坏”，指部分地破坏某物，使其价值或功能降低。它也可作名词，意为“损害；损失”。 The famous painting was damaged by fire. 这幅著名的画作被大火损坏。 The flood caused serious damage to the museum. 洪水对博物馆造成了严重的损害。 damage的形容词形式是damaged，意为“受损的”。 The damaged sculpture was sent to the museum for repair. 受损的雕像被送到博物馆进行修复。 The heavy storm ______ the old bridge, and the ______ bridge has been closed to traffic. A. damaged; damaged B. damaged; damaging C. was damaged; damaged D. was damaged; damaging 解析：句意： 暴风雨损坏了那座旧桥，受损的桥梁已经禁止通行。第一空：主语 The heavy storm 与 damage 是主动关系，用主动语态一般过去时 damaged，意为“损坏了”。第二空：修饰名词 bridge，表示“受损的”，用过去分词转化的形容词 damaged（已经损坏的）。选项 B 中 damaging 意为“造成损害的”，不符合被修饰的桥的状态；选项 C 和 D 中 was damaged 为被动语态，但主语是 storm（主动损坏），且句子结构需保持主动形式。故选A。 知识点5 separate The two parts went their separate ways. 这两部分各自走上了不同的道路。（教材p53） separate既可作形容词，也可作动词。作形容词时读作，意为“不同的；分开的”；作动词时读作，意为“分离；分开”。常用搭配为“separate...into...”（把……分成……）和“separate...from...”（把……与……分开）。 The painting was split into two pieces and they went their separate ways. 这幅画被分裂成两段，它们各自走上了不同的道路。 It's hard to separate the artist's life from his work. 很难将艺术家的生活与他的作品分开。 The teacher separated the class into four groups. 老师把全班分成四个小组。 separate的名词形式是seperation，意为“分离；分开”。 After more than 300 years of seperation, the two parts were finally reunited. 经过三百多年的分离，这两部分终于重聚了。 After the earthquake, the rescue team had to ______ the village ______ the outside world, and the villagers lived in ______ places for weeks. A. separate; from; separate B. separate; into; separated C. separate; from; separated D. separate; into; separate 解析：句意： 地震后，救援队不得不把村庄与外界隔开，村民们数周内都住在不同的地方。第一、二空：固定搭配 separate... from... 意为“把……与……分开”。句意为“救援队不得不把村庄与外界隔开”，用 separate... from。第三空：修饰名词 places，表示“不同的、分开的地方”，用形容词 separate（注意读音 /ˈsepərət/）。选项 B、D 中的 into 表示“分成……部分”，不符合“与外界分开”的语境；选项 C 中 separated 是过去分词，可作形容词表示“分离的”，但更强调状态，而此处用原形形容词 separate 更常见（如 separate rooms / separate ways）。故选A。 知识点5 exhibition After more than 300 years of separation, the two parts of the legendary painting were at last shown together in one exhibition. 经过三百多年的分离，这幅传奇画作的两部分终于在一次展览中一起展出了。（教材p53） exhibition是名词，意为“展览；展出”，指公开展示艺术作品、文物等的活动。常用搭配为“hold an exhibition”（举办展览）、“put...on exhibition”（把……展出）。 The two parts of the painting were at last shown together in one exhibition. 这幅画的两部分终于在一次展览中一起展出了。 The museum will hold an exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings next month. 博物馆下个月将举办一场中国传统绘画展览。 exhibition的动词形式是exhibit，意为“展出；展示”。 She will exhibit her latest paintings at the art fair. 她将在艺术博览会上展出她的最新画作。 The art gallery will ______ a large ______ of modern sculptures next month, and many famous works will be ______ for the first time. A. exhibit; exhibition; exhibited B. hold; exhibition; on exhibition C. show; exhibit; exhibiting D. display; exhibiting; exhibition 解析：句意： 美术馆下个月将举办一场大型现代雕塑展览，许多著名作品将首次对外展出。第一空：与 a large exhibition 搭配，常用动词为 hold（举办），也可用 have 或 put on，但 hold 最正式。第二空：名词 exhibition（展览），构成 hold an exhibition。第三空：固定短语 on exhibition 意为“被展出”，相当于 on display。选项 A 中 exhibited 虽可，但 on exhibition 更符合常见搭配；C 和 D 搭配错误。故选B。 知识点7 priceless The caves are full of priceless wall paintings and sculptures. 洞穴里满是无价的壁画和雕塑。（教材p62） priceless是由 price（价格）+ less（没有）构成的形容词，字面意思是“无法标价的”，引申为“无价的；极其珍贵的”。强调某物价值极高，无法用金钱衡量。 The necklace is priceless because of its historical value. 这条项链因其历史价值而无价。 To her, those memories are priceless. 对她来说，那些回忆是无价的。 priceless（无价的；极其珍贵的）vs worthless（一文不值的；毫无价值的）vs expensive（昂贵的；价格高的）。 This ancient sculpture is priceless. 这座古代雕塑是无价的。 The fake painting is completely worthless. 这幅假画一文不值。 The diamond ring is very expensive. 这枚钻戒非常昂贵。 Grandma gave me her old watch. It may not be ______, but to me it is ______ because it holds so many precious memories. A. expensive; priceless B. priceless; worthless C. worthless; expensive D. expensive; worthless 解析：句意： 奶奶把她旧手表给了我。它可能并不昂贵，但对我来说它是无价的，因为它承载着那么多珍贵的回忆。第一空：手表可能不“昂贵”（expensive），但价值不一定低。第二空：因为有珍贵的回忆，所以对“我”来说是“无价的”（priceless），无法用金钱衡量。worthless（一文不值的）与语境矛盾。故选A。 知识点8 make up one’s mind Fan made up her mind: she had to save these cultural treasures. 樊下定决心，她必须拯救这些文化瑰宝。（教材p62） make up one’s mind是一个动词短语，意为“下定决心；拿定主意”，后接to do sth。one’s 需要根据主语变化（my, your, his, her, our, their等）。 I can't make up my mind which painting to buy. 我拿不定主意该买哪幅画。 He finally made up his mind to learn this traditional skill. 他终于下定决心学习这门传统技艺。 同义词：decide 决定，decide to do sth. 决定做某事 After seeing the damaged ancient wall, the young archaeologist finally ______ to spend her life protecting cultural relics. A. made up her mind B. made up his mind C. made up their mind D. made up mind 解析：句意： 看到受损的古城墙后，这位年轻的考古学家终于下定决心用一生来保护文物。 主语 the young archaeologist 为女性（her life 提示），因此使用 made up her mind。固定短语 make up one’s mind 中的 one’s 必须与主语保持一致。后接 to do 是常见搭配，句中 to spend 符合。选项 B 是 his，性别错误；C 是 their，但主语是单数；D 缺少物主代词。故选A。 语法总结 Unit 3 被动语态 1. 定义：主动语态：强调动作的执行者,而被动语态：强调动作的承受者，或不知道/不需要说明执行者，对比以下两个句子： 主动态：The artist draws the character. 艺术家画角色。 被动态：The character is drawn by the artist. 角色被艺术家画。 2.结构 基本公式：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者) 主语 be 动词 过去分词 执行者 I am invited to the party. He/She/It is made in China. You/We/They are taught by Vicky. 3.使用场景 1) 不知道动作执行者时 The backgrounds are often painted with watercolours. 背景通常用水彩绘制。 2)不需要强调或知道执行者时 In traditional animation, each character is drawn by hand. 在传统动画中，每个角色都是手绘的。 3) 强调动作承受者时 The story is often written before the artist starts to draw. 故事通常是在艺术家开始绘画之前就写好的。 过去分词变化，有规则的变形也有不规则的变形， 规则： use → used→used , watch → watched→watched 不规则：draw →drew→ drawn, make → made→made, write → wrote→written 4.拓展练习 1. Most modern animations are made (make) with computers, not by hand. 2. The voices for the characters in cartoons are recorded (record) in a sound studio. 3. Chinese shadow puppets usually are made (make) of leather. 4. English is spoken (speak) in many animation studios around the world. 5. Comics are read (read) from left to right in most countries. 6. The story for an animation is written (write) before the drawings begin. 7. New episodes of this cartoon are shown (show) on TV every Saturday morning. 8. Traditional ink-wash animation is considered (consider) a form of Chinese art. 解析： 1.句意：大多数现代动画是用电脑制作的，而不是手工制作的。 本句为一般现在时被动语态，主语复数，结构为 are made；主动形式为“人们制作动画”，被动形式强调“动画被制作”；介词 with computers 表示使用电脑工具，by hand 表示用手工方式。 2.句意：卡通片中角色的声音是在录音室里录制的。 本句为一般现在时被动语态，主语复数，结构为 are recorded；主动形式为“工作人员录制声音”，被动形式强调“声音被录制”；in a sound studio 表示录制的地点。 3.句意：中国皮影戏通常是用皮革制成的。 本句为一般现在时被动语态，主语复数，结构为 are made；固定搭配 be made of 表示能看出原材料（皮革制成皮影），若用 be made from 则看不出原材料（如纸由木头制成）；usually 表示频率。 4.句意：世界上许多动画工作室都说英语。 本句为一般现在时被动语态，主语单数，结构为 is spoken；主动形式为“人们说英语”，被动形式强调“英语被说”；around the world 表示地点范围。 5.在大多数国家，漫画是从左到右阅读的。 本句为一般现在时被动语态，主语复数，结构为 are read；注意 read 的过去分词与原形同形但读音变化，原形读 /riːd/，过去式及过去分词读 /red/；from left to right 表示阅读方向。 6.句意：动画的故事是在绘画开始之前写好的。 本句为一般现在时被动语态，主语单数，结构为 is written；主动形式为“编剧写故事”，被动形式强调“故事被写”；before the drawings begin 表示时间顺序。 7.这部动画片的新剧集每周六早上在电视上播出。 本句为一般现在时被动语态，主语复数，结构为 are shown；show 的过去分词可用 shown 或 showed，shown 更常见；every Saturday morning 表示重复的时间。 8. 句意：传统水墨动画被认为是中国艺术的一种形式。 本句为一般现在时被动语态，主语单数，结构为 is considered；consider 的句型为“consider + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”，变为被动时宾补保留：主动 People consider it a form of Chinese art，被动 It is considered a form of Chinese art。 Unit 4 一般过去时 & 一般将来时的被动语态 1.一般过去时的被动语态 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was / were + 过去分词 The painting was damaged by fire. 这幅画被大火烧毁了。 否定句 主语 + was / were + not + 过去分词 The painting was not damaged by fire. 这幅画没有被大火烧毁了。 疑问句 Was / Were + 主语 + 过去分词？ Was the painting damaged by fire? 这幅画被大火烧毁了吗？ 注意主语的人称和数： 单数主语（I / he / she / it / 单数名词）→ was 复数主语（you / we / they / 复数名词）→ were （1）结构： （2）具体用法 1.表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作；动作发生在过去，且主语是动作的承受者； The famous painting was damaged by fire in 1650. 这幅著名的画作在1650年被大火损坏。 2.强调过去动作的承受者 关心“谁/什么被怎么样了” These sculptures were created in the 18th century. 这些雕像是18世纪创作的。 3.常与表示过去的时间状语连用 yesterday, last week, in 1650, two days ago, just now 等 The two parts were shown together at last in 2011. 这两部分终于在2011年被一起展出。 2. 一般将来时的被动语态 （1） 结构： 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + will be + 过去分词 The paintings will be displayed in the library. 这些画作将在图书馆展出。 否定句 主语 + will not be (won’t be) + 过去分词 The paintings will not be displayed in the library. 这些画作将不会在图书馆展出。 疑问句 Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ Will the paintings be displayed in the library? 这些画作将在图书馆展出吗？ 注意： will be 中的 be 是固定形式，不能省略或改为其他形式。 （2） 用法说明： 1.表示将来某个时间发生的被动动作 动作尚未发生，且主语是动作的承受者 A new museum will be built in our city next year. 我们城市明年将建一座新博物馆。 2.强调将来动作的承受者 关心“将来什么会被怎么样” The artist will be invited to give a talk. 这位艺术家将被邀请作讲座。 3.常与表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow, next week, soon, in the future, later 等 The paintings will be displayed next week. 这些画作下周将展出。 两种时态被动语态对比表 一般过去时的被动语态 一般将来时的被动语态 结构 was / were + 过去分词 will be + 过去分词 时间 过去 将来 常见时间状语 yesterday, last week, in 1990, two days ago, just now tomorrow, next week, soon, in the future, later 例句 The book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。 The book will be written by AI. 这本书将由人工智能（AI）编写。 翻译提示 “被……了” “将被……” · 过去分词用错：❌ The painting was damage. → ✅ The painting was damaged. · be 动词主谓不一致：❌ The sculptures was created. → ✅ The sculptures were created. · 将来时漏掉 be：❌ The paintings will displayed. → ✅ The paintings will be displayed. · 时间状语与时态不匹配：❌ The museum will be built yesterday. → ✅ The museum will be built tomorrow. 3.拓展练习 1. In 2011, they finally were shown (show) together in an exhibition. 2. Huang Gongwang was known (know) as one of the Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty. 3. A special exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings will be held (hold) next month. 4. Many famous artists were invited (invite) to give talks during the exhibition last week. 5. His last years were spent (spend) near the Fuchun River in Zhejiang. 6. Many of his best paintings were painted (paint) after his 70th birthday. 7. More traditional skills will be taught (teach) to young people in the future. 8. The original painting was kept (keep) by several different owners over the centuries. 解析： 1. 句意：2011年，它们终于被一起展出了一个展览中。 本句为一般过去时被动语态，主语复数，结构为 were shown；主动形式为“某人终于把它们一起展出”，被动形式强调“它们被展出”；in 2011 和 finally 分别表示时间和语气。 2. 句意：黄公望被誉为元代四大家之一。 本句为一般过去时被动语态，主语单数，结构为 was known；固定搭配 be known as 意为“作为……而出名/被誉为”；主动形式为“人们认为黄公望是……”，被动形式强调“黄公望被公认”。 3. 句意：一场中国传统绘画特展将于下个月举办。 本句为一般将来时被动语态，主语单数，结构为 will be held；主动形式为“人们将举办一场特展”，被动形式强调“特展将被举办”；next month 表示将来时间。 4. 句意：上周展览期间，许多著名艺术家被邀请来作讲座。 本句为一般过去时被动语态，主语复数，结构为 were invited；主动形式为“主办方邀请了许多著名艺术家”，被动形式强调“艺术家们被邀请”；to give talks 为不定式作主语补足语；last week 和 during the exhibition 表示时间。 5. 句意：他的晚年是在浙江富春江附近度过的。 本句为一般过去时被动语态，主语复数（his last years 指多年），结构为 were spent；主动形式为“他度过了晚年”，被动形式强调“晚年被度过”；spend 的过去分词为 spent；near the Fuchun River in Zhejiang 表示地点。 6. 句意：他的许多最佳画作是在70岁生日之后创作的。 本句为一般过去时被动语态，主语复数，结构为 were painted；主动形式为“他画了这些画”，被动形式强调“画作被创作”；after his 70th birthday 表示时间。 7. 句意：未来将有更多传统技能传授给年轻人。 本句为一般将来时被动语态，主语复数（more traditional skills），结构为 will be taught；主动形式为“人们将把更多传统技能教给年轻人”，被动形式强调“技能被传授”；to young people 是保留的间接宾语；in the future 表示将来时间。 8. 句意：这幅原作在几个世纪中被几位不同的收藏家收藏。 本句为一般过去时被动语态，主语单数，结构为 was kept；主动形式为“几位不同的主人收藏了这幅画”，被动形式强调“画被收藏”；by several different owners 引出施动者；over the centuries 表示跨越的时间段。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．A new bridge ________ in our town at the moment. A．is built B．was built C．is being built D．has been built 2．The 2022 Winter Olympics ________ successfully in Beijing. A．held B．were held C．was held D．hold 3．So far, most of the work ________ by the robot. A．is done B．was done C．has been done D．will be done 4．—When ________ this magazine ________? —Last month. A．did; come out B．was; come out C．has; come out D．will; come out 5．—I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered. —Oh, I ________ a shower at that time. A．was taking B．took C．am taking D．was taken 解析： 题号 1 2 3 4 5 答案 C B C A A 1．C 【详解】句意：此刻我们镇上正在建造一座新桥。 is built一般现在时的被动语态；was built一般过去时的被动语态；is being built现在进行时的被动语态；has been built现在完成时的被动语态。根据时间状语at the moment可知，句子应用现在进行时，主语bridge和动词build之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态。 2．B 【详解】句意：2022年冬奥会在北京成功举办了。 held举办（一般过去时）；were held（一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数）；was held（一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数）；hold举办（一般现在时）。主语The 2022 Winter Olympics与动词hold之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；根据2022可知时态为一般过去时；Olympics指奥运会，通常视作复数名词，be动词应用were。故选B。 3．C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，大部分工作已经被机器人完成了。 根据时间状语“So far”（到目前为止）可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语“work”与动词“do”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，因此使用现在完成时的被动语态结构“have/has been+过去分词”，结合主语可知应填has been done。 4．A 【详解】句意：——这本杂志是什么时候出版的？——上个月。 根据答语“Last month”可知动作发生在过去，时态为一般过去时，特殊疑问句结构为“When + did + 主语 + 动词原形”。come out出版，是不及物动词短语，无被动语态。B项was构成被动语态错误，C项是现在完成时，D项是一般将来时，均不符合语境。故选A。 5．A 【详解】句意：——我昨天晚上给你打电话了，但是没人接。——哦，那时我正在洗淋浴。 “take a shower”是动词短语，意为“淋浴”。根据时间状语“yesterday evening”和“at that time”可知，此处表示过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+doing”。主语是I，be动词用was，应填was taking。 二、单词拼写 6．The 31st Olympic Games ________ (hold) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2016. 7．The classroom must _____(keep) clean every day. 8．So far, many cartoons ________ (make) in Shanghai. 9．Don’t worry. Your lost watch ________ (find) soon. 10．At 8 o’clock yesterday, the new machine ________ (test) by the engineers. 11．This kind of cloth ________ (feel) very soft. 12．The book ________ (sell) well and has been reprinted many times. 13．I tried to avoid ________ (see) by my teacher. 14．The little girl was made ________ (cry) by her brother. 15．People saw him ________ (enter) the building at midnight. (强调看到全过程) 解析：6．were held 【详解】句意：第31届奥运会于2016年在巴西里约热内卢举行。hold“举行”，动词，再结合时间状语“in 2016”可知，该事件发生在过去，时态为一般过去时，主语“The 31st Olympic Games”为复数形式，且与谓语动词之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”，be动词应用were；hold的过去分词形式为held，故填were held。 7．be kept 【详解】句意：教室必须每天保持清洁。the classroom是动词keep的受动者，需用被动语态“be+过去分词”结构；情态动词must后接动词原形，根据句意语境和英文提示，可知填be kept。 8．have been made 【详解】句意：到目前为止，许多卡通片已经在上海制作。make“制作”，动词，根据“So far”可知，句子是现在完成时，且主语“many cartoons”和动词之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态have/has been done，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have been made。 9．will be found 【详解】句意：别担心，你丢失的手表很快就会被找到。句中“soon”表示“不久之后”，提示动作发生在将来，应用一般将来时；主语“your lost watch”与动词“find”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be + 过去分词”，find的过去分词是found。 10．was being tested 【详解】句意：昨天八点的时候，这个新机器正在被工程师们测试。句中“At 8 o’clock yesterday”为过去的具体时间点，提示动作在昨天八点这个过去时间点正在发生，应用过去进行时；主语“the new machine”作为动作的承受者，语态应该为被动语态。过去进行时的被动语态结构为“was/were + being + 动词的过去分词”。主语“the new machine”为单数，be动词用was，test的过去分词为tested，所以填was being tested。 11．feels 【详解】句意：这种布料摸起来很柔软。主语“This kind of cloth”和“feel”是被动关系，此处是感官动词用主动表被动的用法。应填feels。 12．sells 【详解】句意：这本书卖得很好并且被印刷了很多次。主语“The book”和谓语动词“sell”是被动关系，但是此处需用主动表被动，一般现在时。应填sells。 13．being seen 【详解】句意：我尽量避免被老师看到。avoid doing“避免做某事”，而且根据句意“避免被看到”，此处表示被动用be+done，应填being seen。 14．to cry 【详解】句意：这个小女孩被她的哥哥弄哭了。结合“was made”，此句为一般过去时的被动语态，而且为make sb do sth“让某人做某事”的被动结构“sb be made to do sth”，主动结构中省略的to，在被动结构中必须还原，故填to cry。 15．enter 【详解】句意：午夜时分，人们看见他进入大楼。see sb. do sth.表示“看到某人做某事的全过程”，所以这里用enter的原形。 三、完成句子 16．My aunt bought me a new computer on my birthday.  (改为被动语态，保留双宾语) → A new computer ________ ________ ________ me by my aunt on my birthday. → I ________ ________ a new computer by my aunt on my birthday. 17．We must finish the work before Friday. (改为被动语态) → The work ________ ________ finished before Friday. 18．Someone stole my bike yesterday. (改为被动语态) → My bike ________ ________ yesterday. 19．He made me wait for two hours. (改为被动语态，注意还原to) → I ________ ________ ________ wait for two hours. 20．I saw her dance in the room.  (改为被动语态，注意还原to) → She ________ ________ ________ dance in the room. 解析：16. was bought for was bought 【详解】句意：我的阿姨在我生日那天给我买了一台新电脑。原句中“bought me a new computer”为双宾语结构，间接宾语是“me”，直接宾语是“a new computer”。改为被动语态且保留双宾语时有两种形式：以直接宾语为主语，间接宾语前加介词“for”： A new computer was bought for me by my aunt on my birthday.；以间接宾语为主语，直接宾语保持不变： I was bought a new computer by my aunt on my birthday. 本句为一般过去时，被动结构用“was/were+过去分词”，主语“A new computer”为单数，故用“was”；主语“I”对应be动词是“was”。 17．must be 【详解】句意：我们必须在周五前完成这项工作。改为被动语态，结合“must finish”，此处为含有情态动词的被动语态，结构为：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词，本句情态动词为must。故填must；be。 18．was stolen 【详解】句意：昨天有人偷了我的自行车。本句是一般过去时，改为被动语态时，结构为“主语+was/were+动词的过去分词”。主语My bike是单数，be动词用was；动词steal的过去分词是stolen。 19．was made to 【详解】句意：他让我等了两个小时。改为被动语态，原句时态为一般过去时，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+动词的过去分词，主语为“I”，be动词用was，made既是make的过去式也是过去分词，因此was made作新句的谓语，原句为make sb do sth固定搭配，意为“让某人做某事”，在变为被动语态时，原来省略的to必须还原，所以被动句中要用to wait。故填was；made；to。 20．was seen to 【详解】句意：我看见她在房间里跳舞。句子为一般过去时，要用一般过去时的被动语态。“saw”的原形是see，被动语态中还原to，过去分词为seen，be seen to do sth.表示“被看到做某事”。应填was seen to。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、语法选择 （25-26八年级下·广东广州·期中） You are talking with a person who is very important to you. He keeps on talking 1 things that bore you. It makes you 2 like running away from that place. However, you can’t just get angry with him. To hold your anger, you may use gestures and smiles 3 that you are listening to the person. 4 , it may make him happy. We call it “body language”. You say nothing. 5 your body language says what you want to say. Gestures may have different types. 6 a person who is playing a game. When there is a sign of victory on his side, he gets 7 than before and rubs (摩擦) his hands fast. 8 salesman knows whether his customer is responsive (反应积极的) to the products. Hand-to-cheek gestures from the customer show he has no 9 . The salesman knows that the customer is not interested in his words after 10 the gesture. A speaker 11 feel his audience better by watching 12 facial expressions. Touching one’s own forehead (前额) 13 that a person often forgets things. In our daily life, gestures such as opening arms and smiling can make it easy for others not only 14 staying with you, but also to support your opinion. Learn body language and you will 15 by others! 1．A．about B．to C．with D．of 2．A．felt B．feeling C．feels D．feel 3．A．pretend B．pretends C．pretending D．to pretend 4．A．Certain B．Certainly C．More certain D．More certainly 5．A．or B．so C．but D．and 6．A．Notice B．To notice C．Noticing D．Noticed 7．A．more exciting B．most exciting C．more excited D．most excited 8．A．A B．The C．An D．/ 9．A．interesting B．interested C．interest D．interestedly 10．A．watch B．watches C．watching D．watched 11．A．must B．need C．should D．can 12．A．its B．his C．their D．her 13．A．show B．shows C．showed D．showing 14．A．enjoy B．enjoying C．enjoys D．to enjoy 15．A．be respected B．respects C．respect D．respecting 解析：1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文介绍了肢体语言在日常交流中的重要作用，包括手势、面部表情等，并指出学习和运用肢体语言能让你更受人尊重。 【详解】1．句意：他不停地谈论让你感到无聊的事情。 talk about意为“谈论”，应用about。to、with、of均不正确。 2．句意：这让你感觉想要逃离那个地方。 make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，使役动词make后接省略to的不定式，应用feel。felt为过去式，feeling为动名词，feels为第三人称单数。 3．句意：为了控制你的愤怒，你可以使用手势和微笑来假装你在听对方说话。 use sth. to do sth.表示“使用某物做某事”，应用不定式to pretend。pretend为原形，pretends为第三人称单数，pretending为动名词。 4．句意：这当然会让他高兴。 修饰整个句子应用副词certainly“当然地”。certain为形容词，more certain和more certainly是比较级形式，此处无比较含义。 5．句意：你什么也没说，但你的肢体语言说出了你想说的话。 前后句为转折关系，应用but“但是”。or“或者”、so“所以”、and“和”均不符合。 6．句意：注意一个正在玩游戏的人。 此处为祈使句，应用动词原形Notice“注意”。To notice为不定式，Noticing为动名词，Noticed为过去式。 7．句意：当他这边出现胜利的迹象时，他变得比以前更兴奋，快速摩擦双手。 get后接形容词作表语，excited“兴奋的”修饰人，exciting“令人兴奋的”修饰物。than before提示用比较级，应用more excited。 8．句意：一个销售员知道他的顾客是否对产品有积极反应。 泛指“一个销售员”，用不定冠词A。The表特指，An用于元音音素开头的词，此处salesman以辅音音素开头。 9．句意：顾客的手贴脸手势表明他没有兴趣。 have no interest意为“没有兴趣”，interest为名词。interesting“有趣的”（形容词）、interested“感兴趣的”（形容词）、interestedly“感兴趣地”（副词）均不符合。 10．句意：销售员在观察到这个手势后知道顾客对他的话不感兴趣。 after为介词，后接动名词watching。watch为原形，watches为第三人称单数，watched为过去式。 11．句意：演讲者可以通过观察听众的面部表情更好地感受他的听众。 can表示“能够”，符合语境。must“必须”、need“需要”、should“应该”均不准确。 12．句意：演讲者可以通过观察听众的面部表情更好地感受他的听众。 指代前文的audience（听众，集合名词），应用their“他们的”。its“它的”、his“他的”、her“她的”均指代错误。 13．句意：摸自己的前额表明一个人经常忘记事情。 主语Touching one’s own forehead为动名词短语，谓语动词用第三人称单数shows。show为原形，showed为过去式，showing为动名词。 14．句意：张开双臂和微笑等手势不仅能让别人乐于和你在一起，还能支持你的观点。 make it easy for sb. to do sth.表示“使某人做某事变得容易”，not only...but also连接两个并列的不定式，to enjoy与to support并列，应用to enjoy。enjoy为原形，enjoying为动名词，enjoys为第三人称单数。 15．句意：学习肢体语言，你会受到别人的尊重！ you与respect之间为被动关系，应用will be respected。respects为第三人称单数主动形式，respect为原形主动形式，respecting为动名词。 二、完型填空 （25-26八年级下·广东深圳·期中） Do you know the lovely elephant Dumbo with big ears in the Disney film? Now, the elephant is on the red list of animals in danger, 16 the Asian elephants in the wild. Jinghong, a city in Southwest China, has 17 a food source base (食物资源基地) to help them. The government 18 to build the base last year. Because of the hard work of the 19 , the number of wild Asian elephants has grown from 170 in the 1940s to 300 today. The base covers three towns across 670 km2. More than 38,000 banana trees grow well in the base. Workers also built salty ponds (盐池) for the elephants. In the base, the elephants can enjoy delicious food, and they can also have a 20 . Scientists did lots of 21 in the base before it was open. Chai, one of the scientists said, “We want to offer many kinds of food to them. After finishing the project, elephants will be able to 22 in the food source base. This can stop them from 23 food in villages and destroying the farmers’ fields.” The elephant family is one of the most 24 animal groups on the earth. They are very useful to us and the environment. However, there are few groups of elephants left. “We hope to share our 25 with other countries and cities. Let’s protect the Asian elephants together.” Chai added. 16．A．finally B．especially C．unluckily D．suddenly 17．A．asked for B．thought of C．set up D．taken away 18．A．offered B．asked C．advised D．started 19．A．villagers B．government C．volunteers D．locals 20．A．party B．talk C．bath D．trip 21．A．homework B．experiments C．research D．reading 22．A．eat B．walk C．sleep D．run 23．A．looking at B．looking for C．looking up D．looking after 24．A．interesting B．beautiful C．exciting D．important 25．A．happiness B．result C．experience D．findings 解析：16．B 17．C 18．D 19．B 20．C 21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国景洪建立食物资源基地保护野生亚洲象的具体措施及显著成效，并呼吁各国共同保护大象。 【详解】16．句意：现在，大象在危险动物的红色名单上，尤其是野生亚洲象。 根据“Now, the elephant is on the red list of animals in danger…the Asian elephants in the wild.”可知，此处强调大象中处境更危险的特定群体，especially“特别是”表示强调。finally“最后”；unluckily“不幸的是”；suddenly“突然”。不符合逻辑。 17．句意：景洪，中国西南部的一个城市，建立了一个食物来源基地帮助它们。 根据“has…a food source base to help them”可知，是为了帮助大象而建立了基地，“set up”符合建立基地的动作。asked for“要求”；thought of“考虑”；taken away“带走”语意不通。 18．句意：政府去年开始建造基地。 根据“The government…to build the base last year.”可知，政府启动了建造基地的项目，started“开始”表示动作的起始。offered“提供”；asked“询问”；advised“建议”不符合句意。 19．句意：由于政府的努力，野生亚洲象的数量从20世纪40年代的170头增加到今天的300头。 根据上一句主语“The government”可知，此处指代政府的努力工作，government“政府”与前文主语保持一致。villagers“村民”；volunteers“志愿者”；locals“当地人”与前文逻辑不符。 20．句意：在基地里，大象可以享用美味的食物，它们还可以洗澡。 根据“Workers also built salty ponds for the elephants.”可知，盐池供大象洗澡使用，“bath”与盐池功能对应。party“聚会”；talk“谈话”；trip“旅行”不符合语境。 21．句意：科学家们在基地开放前对其进行了大量的研究。 根据“Scientists did lots of…in the base before it was open”可知，科学家在开放前进行的是调查研究，research“研究”符合科学家的工作性质。homework“家庭作业”；experiments“实验”；reading“阅读”不符合场景。 22．句意：项目完成后，大象将能够在食物来源基地吃东西。 根据“We want to offer many kinds of food to them.”可知，提供食物是为了让大象吃，eat“吃”与食物对应。walk“走”；sleep“睡觉”；run“跑”不符合逻辑。 23．句意：这可以阻止它们在村庄觅食和破坏农民的田地。 根据“stop them…food in villages”可知，大象在基地有食物，就不需去村庄寻找食物。looking for“寻找”表示觅食动作。looking at“看着”；looking up“仰望”；looking after“照顾”语意不通。 24．句意：大象家族是地球上最重要的动物群体之一。 根据“They are very useful to us and the environment.”可知，大象对环境有用，所以很重要，important符合有用性描述。interesting“有趣的”；beautiful“美丽的”；exciting“令人兴奋的”不够准确。 25．句意：我们希望与其他国家和城市分享我们的经验。 根据“share our…with other countries”及保护大象的背景可知，此处指分享保护经验，experience“经验”符合分享的内容。happiness“幸福”；result“结果”；findings“研究成果”均不符合语境。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·广东深圳·期中） Puppets for Creative Young People Spend hours of fun playing with your magical puppets in Centre Store!   Glove puppets     These puppets, also known as hand puppets, are puppets that fit over the puppeteer’s hand like a glove. Use puppets to tell the stories you create. These cloth puppets from Fujian are cheap to make, easy to operate and light enough to carry around in your schoolbag.     Shadow puppets These flat cut﹣out puppets from Sichuan are sold with a book of famous ancient stories about people and events for you to act out. We have leather or plastic puppets stuck to sticks. You can move your puppets by standing behind a white cloth screen with a bright light. Only the shadow of your puppets can be seen by the audience in front of the screen. Marionettes It requires skills to use these small wooden figures from Fujian, but you will enjoy it. Marionettes have arms, legs, waists and necks. They are joined to a wooden cross by strings which are used to make the puppet move. However, you must try again and again to avoid tangling the strings. Want to try them out? Come down to our City Puppet Store at 303 Renmin Road, Yueqing. We have puppet experts on hand to work with you and give tips. For more information, click here! 1．Which material is not used to make puppets? ________ A．Plastic. B．Wood. C．Cloth. D．Paper. 2．What can we know about the puppets? ________ A．These puppets in the store are from the same place. B．Glove puppets are too simple for students to use. C．Shadows of puppets and players are shown on the screen. D．Playing Marionettes needs skills and practising. 3．Why does the writer write this passage? ________ A．To spread traditional cultures and skills. B．To call on people to have fun in the store. C．To compare puppets from different places. D．To explain different activities of the store. 解析：1．D 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中心商店里的三种木偶：手套木偶、皮影和牵线木偶。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据表格第一栏中“These cloth puppets from Fujian are cheap to make”可知有布做的木偶；由表格第二栏中“We have leather or plastic puppets stuck to sticks. ”可知有皮革和塑料的皮影；由表格第三栏中“It requires skills to use these small wooden figures from Fujian”可知有木头做的木偶，没有提到纸做的木偶。故选D。 2．细节理解题。由表格第一栏中“These cloth puppets from Fujian”和表格第二栏中“These flat cut-out puppets from Sichuan”可知这些木偶来自不同地方，A项错误；由表格第一栏中“These cloth puppets from Fujian are cheap to make, easy to operate...in your schoolbag.”可知，这些手套木偶易于操作，便于携带，刚好适合学生玩，B项错误；由表格第二栏中“Only the shadow...in front of the screen.”可知，观众只能在屏幕上看见皮影，C项错误；由表格第三栏中“It requires skills to use ...the strings.”可知，玩牵线木偶需要技巧和练习，D项正确。故选D。 3．推理判断题。由文章第一句“Spend hours of fun playing with your magical puppets in Centre Store!”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是号召大家去店里玩。故选B。 （25-26八年级下·广东广州·期中） Cantonese Opera, with a history of over 500 years, is one of China’s most important cultural treasures. It started in Guangdong during the Ming Dynasty. It mixes singing, acting, martial arts, and acrobatics into a lively performance art. Known as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2006, it not only shows the local culture of Guangzhou but also connects Cantonese communities around the world. In its early days, Cantonese Opera was performed in the Central Plains dialect (方言). To make it easier for local audiences to understand, artists began using Cantonese in the late Qing Dynasty. During the 1911 Revolution, artists spread patriotic ideas and encouraged people to fight against bad traditions in their shows. After 1949, Chinese government helped protect this art by building theatres like the Guangdong Cantonese Opera Theatre and training new artists. Cantonese Opera expresses cultural values through its stories and symbolic colours. Famous stories such as The Purple Hairpin teach values like loyalty, family love, and kindness, making it both interesting and educational. Over time, the art has developed unique features. Performers use coloured makeup and costumes—red for loyalty, black for honesty, and white for cleverness—though simpler “red-white face” makeup is more common today. Costumes have changed from Ming Dynasty styles to beautifully embroidered designs, helping actors show different roles through their clothing. Today, Cantonese Opera is still popular not only in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao but also in overseas Chinese communities. It shows the beauty of Chinese traditional art. Through TV and modern stages, this ancient art continues to share Chinese stories and values with young people. 1．What can we learn about Cantonese Opera? A．It has a history of nearly 500 years. B．It only shows the local culture of Guangzhou. C．It mixes different art forms together to create a new form of art. D．It became an international intangible cultural heritage in 2006. 2．Why did artists start using Cantonese instead of the Central Plains dialect? A．To follow the government rules. B．To make the performance simpler. C．To make it much more popular. D．To help audiences understand better. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about Cantonese Opera makeup and costumes? A．The color white in makeup stands for cleverness according to the passage. B．Performers today always use colorful makeup with red, black, and white. C．Costumes today remain the same as they were in the Ming Dynasty. D．Costumes have changed from embroidered designs to Ming Dynasty styles. 4．What is the correct order of the following events about Cantonese Opera? a. Guangdong Cantonese Opera Theatre was built. b. It spread patriotic ideas through the show. c. It was performed in the Central Plains dialect. d. It was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage. e. It first appeared in Guangdong. A．d-a-c-b-e B．e-b-a-c-d C．e-c-b-a-d D．d-e-c-b-a 5．According to the passage, how does Cantonese Opera stay popular with modern audiences? A．By using more languages such as English. B．By showing the traditions through modern stages. C．By making old costumes with simpler designs. D．By performing only in overseas Chinese communities. 解析：1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了粤剧的发展历程，艺术特色和文化价值。 1．根据第一段“Cantonese Opera, with a history of over 500 years,”可知，粤剧有超过500年的历史，排除A。根据第一段“it not only shows the local culture…around the world.”可知，粤剧不仅展现当地文化，排除B，选项C符合题意。根据第一段“Known as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2006”可知，粤剧是国家级非物质文化遗产，排除D。 2．根据第二段“To make it easier for local audiences…in the late Qing Dynasty.”可知，为了让当地观众更好的理解，开始使用粤语。 3．根据第三段“white for cleverness”可知，白色代表智慧。选项A符合题意。 4．根据第一段“It started in Guangdong during the Ming Dynasty.”和“Known as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2006”，第二段“In its early days, Cantonese Opera was performed in the Central Plains dialect”和“During the 1911 Revolution, artists spread patriotic ideas”以及“After 1949, Chinese government helped…the Guangdong Cantonese Opera Theatre”。可知，粤剧首次出现在广东是在明朝，出现在广东的早期用中原方言唱，2006年成为国家级非物质文化遗产，1911年辛亥革命时用来传播爱国思想，1949年后政府建设广东粤剧剧院。根据以上时间可知，选项C符合题意。 5．根据最后一段可知，粤剧通过电视和现代化舞台向人们传递中国故事和价值观，仍然受到人们的喜爱。选项B符合题意。 第 19 页 共 27 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题 Units 3~4（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 被动语态的基本结构：am/is/are + 过去分词；was/were + 过去分词；will be + 过去分词。 2. 规则动词与不规则动词的过去分词形式（如 draw→drawn, make→made, write→written）。 3. 常用短语搭配：combine...with...; come to life; be influenced by; be known as; make up one's mind; be made of; separate...from...; be damaged; on exhibition; It is no surprise that... 等。 复习难点：1. 不规则动词过去分词的准确记忆与拼写。 2. 主动语态中省略to的不定式（如 make sb do, see sb do）变为被动语态时还原to。 3. 感官动词（feel, sell等）主动形式表示被动含义的用法。 4. 根据时间状语和语境准确判断使用一般过去时还是一般将来时的被动语态。 考情规律 掌握下列核心短语在具体语境中的正确搭配：have a history of + 时间段； combine A with B； come to life； be influenced by； It is no surprise that...； be known as； make up one's mind to do sth.； be made of / from； be damaged / split into / go separate ways； separate...from...； on exhibition / be shown together； be considered as / to be 句型转换/翻译： • 主动语态 ↔ 被动语态（含双宾语、情态动词、感官动词） • 将汉语短句翻译成被动语态的英语句子 • 用所给动词的适当形式填空（被动语态） • 同义句转换（如 not...enough to ↔ too...to） • 合并句子或改写句子（强调动作承受者） Unit 3 知识点1 Chinese animation has a history of more than 100 years. 中国动画有100多年的历史。（教材p37） 1.animation 是其动词形式animate的名词形式，意为“动画”。 I like watching animation very much. 我非常喜欢看动画。 2. history 在此处作名词，意为“历史”。常用搭配为“have a history of...”，表示“有……的历史”。 This school has a history of 80 years. 这所学校有80年的历史。 3. more than是一个常用短语，意为“多于；超过”，后面可接数字、名词或形容词。 He has more than 100 books. 他有100多本书。 It’s more than interesting. 这非常有趣。 The story is ______ interesting; I strongly recommend it. A. more B. more than C. than D. much 知识点2 combine... with... This art form combines modern technology with traditional art techniques. 这种艺术形式将现代技术与传统艺术技法相结合。（教材p37） combine... with... 是一个固定短语，意为“将……与……相结合”。 We should combine work with pleasure. 我们应该劳逸结合。 combination是其名词形式，意为“结合；组合”。 The combination of colours is very beautiful. 颜色的组合非常美。 The new teaching method successfully ______ traditional classroom instruction ______ online learning. A. combines; with B. combines; to C. connects; with D. connects; to 知识点3 In this groundbreaking film, Zhu Bajie and the other characters come to life on screen just like shadow puppets. 在这部开创性的电影中，猪八戒和其他角色像皮影戏一样在屏幕上栩栩如生。 groundbreaking形容词，意为“开创性的；突破性的；革新的”。 构词法：ground（地面）+ breaking（打破）→ 打破地面 → 比喻“破土动工” → 引申为“开创性的”。 This is a groundbreaking discovery in medicine.这是医学上的一项突破性发现。 come to life，动词短语，意为“变得生动；栩栩如生；苏醒；活跃起来”。 可以指：事物从静止/死板变得生动、有活力（如电影角色、画面、故事）。人或生物苏醒（从昏迷或沉睡中醒过来）。地方或活动变得热闹、充满生机。 The characters in the novel come to life on the screen.小说中的人物在屏幕上活了起来。 The scientist won an award for her ______ work in cancer research. A. groundbreak B. groundbreaking C. groundbroken D. groundbreakingly The story of the hero ______ when the actor began to speak. A. came to life B. came to alive C. came life D. came to living 知识点4 amaze The film amazed audiences across China. 这部电影惊艳了全中国的观众。（教材p37） amaze作动词，意为“使惊奇；使惊叹”。常用结构为：“主语 + amaze(s) + 宾语”。 His magic trick amazed all the children. 他的魔术让所有孩子惊叹不已。 形容词（令人惊奇的）：amazing 形容词（感到惊奇的）：amazed 名词（惊奇）：amazement The audience was ______ by the magician's wonderful performance. They had never seen anything so ______. A. amazing; amazed B. amazed; amazing C. amazed; amazed D. amazing; amazing 知识点5 be influenced by This short film was influenced by the famous artist Qi Baishi. 这部短片受到了著名艺术家齐白石的影响。（教材p37） be influenced by是一个固定短语，意为“受到……的影响”，常用于被动语态。 His writing style was influenced by his favourite author. 他的写作风格受他最喜欢的作家影响。 influence也可作名词，意为“影响”。 The teacher has a good influence on his students. 这位老师对他的学生有很好的影响。 Many young painters ______ by the traditional Chinese painting style and created their own masterpieces. A. Influenced B. were influenced C. had influence D. have been influencing 知识点6 It is no surprise that the much-loved characters often appear in animation. 这些深受喜爱的角色经常出现在动画中，这并不奇怪。（教材p37） 1. It is no surprise that... 是一个常用句型，意为“……并不奇怪”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 It is no surprise that he won the game. 他赢了比赛，这并不奇怪。 2. much-loved 是复合形容词，意为“深受喜爱的”。 He is a much-loved teacher in our school. 他是我们学校一位深受爱戴的老师。 3. appear 作动词，意为“出现”，反义词是disappear（消失）。 The sun appeared from behind the clouds. 太阳从云层后出现了。 ______ no surprise that he passed the exam after studying so hard. A. It is B. There is C. That is D. This is As soon as the sun ______ from behind the clouds, the whole room became bright. A. appeared B. disappeared C. was appeared D. appearing 知识点7 continue Chinese animators continue to explore new methods. 中国动画师继续探索新方法。（教材p37） continue 作动词，意为“继续”。 结构1：continue to do sth. 继续做……（不同的事） 结构2：continue doing sth. 继续做……（相同的事） Stop talking. Please continue to read the story. 别说话了。请继续读故事。 After a short break, the teacher asked the students to continue ______ the experiment from where they left off. A. to do B. doing C. do D. done Unit 4 知识点1 master It was painted by Huang Gongwang, one of the Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty. 它是元代四大家之一的黄公望画的。（教材p52） master在此处作名词，意为“大师；名家”，特指在某领域技艺精湛的人。常用搭配为“a master of...”，表示“……方面的大师”。 He is a master of paper-cutting. 他是剪纸艺术的大师。 master 也可作动词，意为“精通；掌握”。其名词形式masterpiece意为“杰作；代表作”。 He spent years mastering the skills of oil painting. 他花了多年时间掌握油画技巧。 This painting is his masterpiece. 这幅画是他的杰作。 After years of hard work, he finally ______ the art of Chinese painting and became a true ______. His latest work is regarded as a ______. A. mastered; master; masterpiece B. master; mastered; masterpiece C. masterpiece; master; mastered D. mastered; masterpiece; master 知识点2 whenever Over the following years, he then added parts to it whenever he was in the mood. 在接下来的几年里，每当他有心情的时候，他就会往画上添加一些部分。（教材p52） whenever是连接词，意为“每当；无论何时”，引导时间状语从句，表示一种习惯性或重复性的行为。它相当于 every time 或 no matter when。 Over the following years, he added parts to it whenever he was in the mood. 在接下来的几年里，每当他有心情的时候，他就会往画上添加一些部分。 Whenever I see this painting, I think of my hometown. 每当我看到这幅画，我就会想起我的家乡。 类似用法的词：wherever 无论哪里、whatever 无论什么、whoever无论谁、however无论怎样 ______ he meets difficulties, he never gives up and always tries to find a solution. A. Whenever B. Wherever C. Whatever D. However 知识点3 alone On the river, there is a man sitting alone on a boat. 在河边，有一个人独自坐在船上。（教材p53） alone 在此处作副词，意为“独自地”，修饰动词，表示没有同伴。它也可以作形容词，意为“单独的”，但只能作表语，不能放在名词前。 On the river, there is a man sitting alone on a boat. 在河边，有一个人独自坐在船上。 lonely意为“孤独的”，带有感情色彩，表示感到孤单。而 alone 只是客观描述“独自一人”，不一定感到孤单。 He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely. 他独自一人生活，但并不感到孤独。 The old man lives ______ in a small village, but he never feels ______ because he has many friends nearby. A. lonely; alone B. alone; alone C. alone; lonely D. lonely; lonely 知识点4 damage The famous painting was damaged by fire, and it was split into two pieces. 这幅著名的画作被大火损坏，并被分裂成两段。（教材p 53） damage在此处作动词，意为“损坏；毁坏”，指部分地破坏某物，使其价值或功能降低。它也可作名词，意为“损害；损失”。 The famous painting was damaged by fire. 这幅著名的画作被大火损坏。 The flood caused serious damage to the museum. 洪水对博物馆造成了严重的损害。 damage的形容词形式是damaged，意为“受损的”。 The damaged sculpture was sent to the museum for repair. 受损的雕像被送到博物馆进行修复。 The heavy storm ______ the old bridge, and the ______ bridge has been closed to traffic. A. damaged; damaged B. damaged; damaging C. was damaged; damaged D. was damaged; damaging 知识点5 separate The two parts went their separate ways. 这两部分各自走上了不同的道路。（教材p53） separate既可作形容词，也可作动词。作形容词时读作，意为“不同的；分开的”；作动词时读作，意为“分离；分开”。常用搭配为“separate...into...”（把……分成……）和“separate...from...”（把……与……分开）。 The painting was split into two pieces and they went their separate ways. 这幅画被分裂成两段，它们各自走上了不同的道路。 It's hard to separate the artist's life from his work. 很难将艺术家的生活与他的作品分开。 The teacher separated the class into four groups. 老师把全班分成四个小组。 separate的名词形式是seperation，意为“分离；分开”。 After more than 300 years of seperation, the two parts were finally reunited. 经过三百多年的分离，这两部分终于重聚了。 After the earthquake, the rescue team had to ______ the village ______ the outside world, and the villagers lived in ______ places for weeks. A. separate; from; separate B. separate; into; separated C. separate; from; separated D. separate; into; separate 知识点5 exhibition After more than 300 years of separation, the two parts of the legendary painting were at last shown together in one exhibition. 经过三百多年的分离，这幅传奇画作的两部分终于在一次展览中一起展出了。（教材p53） exhibition是名词，意为“展览；展出”，指公开展示艺术作品、文物等的活动。常用搭配为“hold an exhibition”（举办展览）、“put...on exhibition”（把……展出）。 The two parts of the painting were at last shown together in one exhibition. 这幅画的两部分终于在一次展览中一起展出了。 The museum will hold an exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings next month. 博物馆下个月将举办一场中国传统绘画展览。 exhibition的动词形式是exhibit，意为“展出；展示”。 She will exhibit her latest paintings at the art fair. 她将在艺术博览会上展出她的最新画作。 The art gallery will ______ a large ______ of modern sculptures next month, and many famous works will be ______ for the first time. A. exhibit; exhibition; exhibited B. hold; exhibition; on exhibition C. show; exhibit; exhibiting D. display; exhibiting; exhibition 知识点7 priceless The caves are full of priceless wall paintings and sculptures. 洞穴里满是无价的壁画和雕塑。（教材p62） priceless是由 price（价格）+ less（没有）构成的形容词，字面意思是“无法标价的”，引申为“无价的；极其珍贵的”。强调某物价值极高，无法用金钱衡量。 The necklace is priceless because of its historical value. 这条项链因其历史价值而无价。 To her, those memories are priceless. 对她来说，那些回忆是无价的。 priceless（无价的；极其珍贵的）vs worthless（一文不值的；毫无价值的）vs expensive（昂贵的；价格高的）。 This ancient sculpture is priceless. 这座古代雕塑是无价的。 The fake painting is completely worthless. 这幅假画一文不值。 The diamond ring is very expensive. 这枚钻戒非常昂贵。 Grandma gave me her old watch. It may not be ______, but to me it is ______ because it holds so many precious memories. A. expensive; priceless B. priceless; worthless C. worthless; expensive D. expensive; worthless 知识点8 make up one’s mind Fan made up her mind: she had to save these cultural treasures. 樊下定决心，她必须拯救这些文化瑰宝。（教材p62） make up one’s mind是一个动词短语，意为“下定决心；拿定主意”，后接to do sth。one’s 需要根据主语变化（my, your, his, her, our, their等）。 I can't make up my mind which painting to buy. 我拿不定主意该买哪幅画。 He finally made up his mind to learn this traditional skill. 他终于下定决心学习这门传统技艺。 同义词：decide 决定，decide to do sth. 决定做某事 After seeing the damaged ancient wall, the young archaeologist finally ______ to spend her life protecting cultural relics. A. made up her mind B. made up his mind C. made up their mind D. made up mind 语法总结 Unit 3 被动语态 1. 定义：主动语态：强调动作的执行者,而被动语态：强调动作的承受者，或不知道/不需要说明执行者，对比以下两个句子： 主动态：The artist draws the character. 艺术家画角色。 被动态：The character is drawn by the artist. 角色被艺术家画。 2.结构 基本公式：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者) 主语 be 动词 过去分词 执行者 I am invited to the party. He/She/It is made in China. You/We/They are taught by Vicky. 3.使用场景 1) 不知道动作执行者时 The backgrounds are often painted with watercolours. 背景通常用水彩绘制。 2)不需要强调或知道执行者时 In traditional animation, each character is drawn by hand. 在传统动画中，每个角色都是手绘的。 3) 强调动作承受者时 The story is often written before the artist starts to draw. 故事通常是在艺术家开始绘画之前就写好的。 过去分词变化，有规则的变形也有不规则的变形， 规则： use → used→used , watch → watched→watched 不规则：draw →drew→ drawn, make → made→made, write → wrote→written 4.拓展练习 1. Most modern animations (make) with computers, not by hand. 2. The voices for the characters in cartoons (record) in a sound studio. 3. Chinese shadow puppets usually (make) of leather. 4. English (speak) in many animation studios around the world. 5. Comics (read) from left to right in most countries. 6. The story for an animation (write) before the drawings begin. 7. New episodes of this cartoon (show) on TV every Saturday morning. 8. Traditional ink-wash animation (consider) a form of Chinese art. Unit 4 一般过去时 & 一般将来时的被动语态 1.一般过去时的被动语态 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was / were + 过去分词 The painting was damaged by fire. 这幅画被大火烧毁了。 否定句 主语 + was / were + not + 过去分词 The painting was not damaged by fire. 这幅画没有被大火烧毁了。 疑问句 Was / Were + 主语 + 过去分词？ Was the painting damaged by fire? 这幅画被大火烧毁了吗？ 注意主语的人称和数： 单数主语（I / he / she / it / 单数名词）→ was 复数主语（you / we / they / 复数名词）→ were （1）结构： （2）具体用法 1.表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作；动作发生在过去，且主语是动作的承受者； The famous painting was damaged by fire in 1650. 这幅著名的画作在1650年被大火损坏。 2.强调过去动作的承受者 关心“谁/什么被怎么样了” These sculptures were created in the 18th century. 这些雕像是18世纪创作的。 3.常与表示过去的时间状语连用 yesterday, last week, in 1650, two days ago, just now 等 The two parts were shown together at last in 2011. 这两部分终于在2011年被一起展出。 2. 一般将来时的被动语态 （1） 结构： 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + will be + 过去分词 The paintings will be displayed in the library. 这些画作将在图书馆展出。 否定句 主语 + will not be (won’t be) + 过去分词 The paintings will not be displayed in the library. 这些画作将不会在图书馆展出。 疑问句 Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ Will the paintings be displayed in the library? 这些画作将在图书馆展出吗？ 注意： will be 中的 be 是固定形式，不能省略或改为其他形式。 （2） 用法说明： 1.表示将来某个时间发生的被动动作 动作尚未发生，且主语是动作的承受者 A new museum will be built in our city next year. 我们城市明年将建一座新博物馆。 2.强调将来动作的承受者 关心“将来什么会被怎么样” The artist will be invited to give a talk. 这位艺术家将被邀请作讲座。 常与表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow, next week, soon, in the future, later 等 The paintings will be displayed next week. 这些画作下周将展出。 两种时态被动语态对比表 一般过去时的被动语态 一般将来时的被动语态 结构 was / were + 过去分词 will be + 过去分词 时间 过去 将来 常见时间状语 yesterday, last week, in 1990, two days ago, just now tomorrow, next week, soon, in the future, later 例句 The book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。 The book will be written by AI. 这本书将由人工智能（AI）编写。 翻译提示 “被……了” “将被……” · 过去分词用错：❌ The painting was damage. → ✅ The painting was damaged. · be 动词主谓不一致：❌ The sculptures was created. → ✅ The sculptures were created. · 将来时漏掉 be：❌ The paintings will displayed. → ✅ The paintings will be displayed. · 时间状语与时态不匹配：❌ The museum will be built yesterday. → ✅ The museum will be built tomorrow. 拓展练习 1. In 2011, they finally (show) together in an exhibition. 2. Huang Gongwang (know) as one of the Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty. 3. A special exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings (hold) next month. 4. Many famous artists (invite) to give talks during the exhibition last week. 5. His last years (spend) near the Fuchun River in Zhejiang. 6. Many of his best paintings (paint) after his 70th birthday. 7. More traditional skills (teach) to young people in the future. 8. The original painting (keep) by several different owners over the centuries. 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．A new bridge ________ in our town at the moment. A．is built B．was built C．is being built D．has been built 2．The 2022 Winter Olympics ________ successfully in Beijing. A．held B．were held C．was held D．hold 3．So far, most of the work ________ by the robot. A．is done B．was done C．has been done D．will be done 4．—When ________ this magazine ________? —Last month. A．did; come out B．was; come out C．has; come out D．will; come out 5．—I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered. —Oh, I ________ a shower at that time. A．was taking B．took C．am taking D．was taken 解析： 题号 1 2 3 4 5 答案 C B C A A 1．C 【详解】句意：此刻我们镇上正在建造一座新桥。 is built一般现在时的被动语态；was built一般过去时的被动语态；is being built现在进行时的被动语态；has been built现在完成时的被动语态。根据时间状语at the moment可知，句子应用现在进行时，主语bridge和动词build之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态。 2．B 【详解】句意：2022年冬奥会在北京成功举办了。 held举办（一般过去时）；were held（一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数）；was held（一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数）；hold举办（一般现在时）。主语The 2022 Winter Olympics与动词hold之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；根据2022可知时态为一般过去时；Olympics指奥运会，通常视作复数名词，be动词应用were。故选B。 3．C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，大部分工作已经被机器人完成了。 根据时间状语“So far”（到目前为止）可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语“work”与动词“do”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，因此使用现在完成时的被动语态结构“have/has been+过去分词”，结合主语可知应填has been done。 4．A 【详解】句意：——这本杂志是什么时候出版的？——上个月。 根据答语“Last month”可知动作发生在过去，时态为一般过去时，特殊疑问句结构为“When + did + 主语 + 动词原形”。come out出版，是不及物动词短语，无被动语态。B项was构成被动语态错误，C项是现在完成时，D项是一般将来时，均不符合语境。故选A。 5．A 【详解】句意：——我昨天晚上给你打电话了，但是没人接。——哦，那时我正在洗淋浴。 “take a shower”是动词短语，意为“淋浴”。根据时间状语“yesterday evening”和“at that time”可知，此处表示过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+doing”。主语是I，be动词用was，应填was taking。 二、单词拼写 6．The 31st Olympic Games ________ (hold) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2016. 7．The classroom must _____(keep) clean every day. 8．So far, many cartoons ________ (make) in Shanghai. 9．Don’t worry. Your lost watch ________ (find) soon. 10．At 8 o’clock yesterday, the new machine ________ (test) by the engineers. 11．This kind of cloth ________ (feel) very soft. 12．The book ________ (sell) well and has been reprinted many times. 13．I tried to avoid ________ (see) by my teacher. 14．The little girl was made ________ (cry) by her brother. 15．People saw him ________ (enter) the building at midnight. (强调看到全过程) 解析：6．were held 【详解】句意：第31届奥运会于2016年在巴西里约热内卢举行。hold“举行”，动词，再结合时间状语“in 2016”可知，该事件发生在过去，时态为一般过去时，主语“The 31st Olympic Games”为复数形式，且与谓语动词之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”，be动词应用were；hold的过去分词形式为held，故填were held。 7．be kept 【详解】句意：教室必须每天保持清洁。the classroom是动词keep的受动者，需用被动语态“be+过去分词”结构；情态动词must后接动词原形，根据句意语境和英文提示，可知填be kept。 8．have been made 【详解】句意：到目前为止，许多卡通片已经在上海制作。make“制作”，动词，根据“So far”可知，句子是现在完成时，且主语“many cartoons”和动词之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态have/has been done，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have been made。 9．will be found 【详解】句意：别担心，你丢失的手表很快就会被找到。句中“soon”表示“不久之后”，提示动作发生在将来，应用一般将来时；主语“your lost watch”与动词“find”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be + 过去分词”，find的过去分词是found。 10．was being tested 【详解】句意：昨天八点的时候，这个新机器正在被工程师们测试。句中“At 8 o’clock yesterday”为过去的具体时间点，提示动作在昨天八点这个过去时间点正在发生，应用过去进行时；主语“the new machine”作为动作的承受者，语态应该为被动语态。过去进行时的被动语态结构为“was/were + being + 动词的过去分词”。主语“the new machine”为单数，be动词用was，test的过去分词为tested，所以填was being tested。 11．feels 【详解】句意：这种布料摸起来很柔软。主语“This kind of cloth”和“feel”是被动关系，此处是感官动词用主动表被动的用法。应填feels。 12．sells 【详解】句意：这本书卖得很好并且被印刷了很多次。主语“The book”和谓语动词“sell”是被动关系，但是此处需用主动表被动，一般现在时。应填sells。 13．being seen 【详解】句意：我尽量避免被老师看到。avoid doing“避免做某事”，而且根据句意“避免被看到”，此处表示被动用be+done，应填being seen。 14．to cry 【详解】句意：这个小女孩被她的哥哥弄哭了。结合“was made”，此句为一般过去时的被动语态，而且为make sb do sth“让某人做某事”的被动结构“sb be made to do sth”，主动结构中省略的to，在被动结构中必须还原，故填to cry。 15．enter 【详解】句意：午夜时分，人们看见他进入大楼。see sb. do sth.表示“看到某人做某事的全过程”，所以这里用enter的原形。 三、完成句子 16．My aunt bought me a new computer on my birthday.  (改为被动语态，保留双宾语) → A new computer ________ ________ ________ me by my aunt on my birthday. → I ________ ________ a new computer by my aunt on my birthday. 17．We must finish the work before Friday. (改为被动语态) → The work ________ ________ finished before Friday. 18．Someone stole my bike yesterday. (改为被动语态) → My bike ________ ________ yesterday. 19．He made me wait for two hours. (改为被动语态，注意还原to) → I ________ ________ ________ wait for two hours. 20．I saw her dance in the room.  (改为被动语态，注意还原to) → She ________ ________ ________ dance in the room. 解析：16. was bought for was bought 【详解】句意：我的阿姨在我生日那天给我买了一台新电脑。原句中“bought me a new computer”为双宾语结构，间接宾语是“me”，直接宾语是“a new computer”。改为被动语态且保留双宾语时有两种形式：以直接宾语为主语，间接宾语前加介词“for”： A new computer was bought for me by my aunt on my birthday.；以间接宾语为主语，直接宾语保持不变： I was bought a new computer by my aunt on my birthday. 本句为一般过去时，被动结构用“was/were+过去分词”，主语“A new computer”为单数，故用“was”；主语“I”对应be动词是“was”。 17．must be 【详解】句意：我们必须在周五前完成这项工作。改为被动语态，结合“must finish”，此处为含有情态动词的被动语态，结构为：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词，本句情态动词为must。故填must；be。 18．was stolen 【详解】句意：昨天有人偷了我的自行车。本句是一般过去时，改为被动语态时，结构为“主语+was/were+动词的过去分词”。主语My bike是单数，be动词用was；动词steal的过去分词是stolen。 19．was made to 【详解】句意：他让我等了两个小时。改为被动语态，原句时态为一般过去时，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+动词的过去分词，主语为“I”，be动词用was，made既是make的过去式也是过去分词，因此was made作新句的谓语，原句为make sb do sth固定搭配，意为“让某人做某事”，在变为被动语态时，原来省略的to必须还原，所以被动句中要用to wait。故填was；made；to。 20．was seen to 【详解】句意：我看见她在房间里跳舞。句子为一般过去时，要用一般过去时的被动语态。“saw”的原形是see，被动语态中还原to，过去分词为seen，be seen to do sth.表示“被看到做某事”。应填was seen to。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、语法选择 （25-26八年级下·广东广州·期中） You are talking with a person who is very important to you. He keeps on talking 1 things that bore you. It makes you 2 like running away from that place. However, you can’t just get angry with him. To hold your anger, you may use gestures and smiles 3 that you are listening to the person. 4 , it may make him happy. We call it “body language”. You say nothing. 5 your body language says what you want to say. Gestures may have different types. 6 a person who is playing a game. When there is a sign of victory on his side, he gets 7 than before and rubs (摩擦) his hands fast. 8 salesman knows whether his customer is responsive (反应积极的) to the products. Hand-to-cheek gestures from the customer show he has no 9 . The salesman knows that the customer is not interested in his words after 10 the gesture. A speaker 11 feel his audience better by watching 12 facial expressions. Touching one’s own forehead (前额) 13 that a person often forgets things. In our daily life, gestures such as opening arms and smiling can make it easy for others not only 14 staying with you, but also to support your opinion. Learn body language and you will 15 by others! 1．A．about B．to C．with D．of 2．A．felt B．feeling C．feels D．feel 3．A．pretend B．pretends C．pretending D．to pretend 4．A．Certain B．Certainly C．More certain D．More certainly 5．A．or B．so C．but D．and 6．A．Notice B．To notice C．Noticing D．Noticed 7．A．more exciting B．most exciting C．more excited D．most excited 8．A．A B．The C．An D．/ 9．A．interesting B．interested C．interest D．interestedly 10．A．watch B．watches C．watching D．watched 11．A．must B．need C．should D．can 12．A．its B．his C．their D．her 13．A．show B．shows C．showed D．showing 14．A．enjoy B．enjoying C．enjoys D．to enjoy 15．A．be respected B．respects C．respect D．respecting 解析：1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文介绍了肢体语言在日常交流中的重要作用，包括手势、面部表情等，并指出学习和运用肢体语言能让你更受人尊重。 【详解】1．句意：他不停地谈论让你感到无聊的事情。 talk about意为“谈论”，应用about。to、with、of均不正确。 2．句意：这让你感觉想要逃离那个地方。 make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，使役动词make后接省略to的不定式，应用feel。felt为过去式，feeling为动名词，feels为第三人称单数。 3．句意：为了控制你的愤怒，你可以使用手势和微笑来假装你在听对方说话。 use sth. to do sth.表示“使用某物做某事”，应用不定式to pretend。pretend为原形，pretends为第三人称单数，pretending为动名词。 4．句意：这当然会让他高兴。 修饰整个句子应用副词certainly“当然地”。certain为形容词，more certain和more certainly是比较级形式，此处无比较含义。 5．句意：你什么也没说，但你的肢体语言说出了你想说的话。 前后句为转折关系，应用but“但是”。or“或者”、so“所以”、and“和”均不符合。 6．句意：注意一个正在玩游戏的人。 此处为祈使句，应用动词原形Notice“注意”。To notice为不定式，Noticing为动名词，Noticed为过去式。 7．句意：当他这边出现胜利的迹象时，他变得比以前更兴奋，快速摩擦双手。 get后接形容词作表语，excited“兴奋的”修饰人，exciting“令人兴奋的”修饰物。than before提示用比较级，应用more excited。 8．句意：一个销售员知道他的顾客是否对产品有积极反应。 泛指“一个销售员”，用不定冠词A。The表特指，An用于元音音素开头的词，此处salesman以辅音音素开头。 9．句意：顾客的手贴脸手势表明他没有兴趣。 have no interest意为“没有兴趣”，interest为名词。interesting“有趣的”（形容词）、interested“感兴趣的”（形容词）、interestedly“感兴趣地”（副词）均不符合。 10．句意：销售员在观察到这个手势后知道顾客对他的话不感兴趣。 after为介词，后接动名词watching。watch为原形，watches为第三人称单数，watched为过去式。 11．句意：演讲者可以通过观察听众的面部表情更好地感受他的听众。 can表示“能够”，符合语境。must“必须”、need“需要”、should“应该”均不准确。 12．句意：演讲者可以通过观察听众的面部表情更好地感受他的听众。 指代前文的audience（听众，集合名词），应用their“他们的”。its“它的”、his“他的”、her“她的”均指代错误。 13．句意：摸自己的前额表明一个人经常忘记事情。 主语Touching one’s own forehead为动名词短语，谓语动词用第三人称单数shows。show为原形，showed为过去式，showing为动名词。 14．句意：张开双臂和微笑等手势不仅能让别人乐于和你在一起，还能支持你的观点。 make it easy for sb. to do sth.表示“使某人做某事变得容易”，not only...but also连接两个并列的不定式，to enjoy与to support并列，应用to enjoy。enjoy为原形，enjoying为动名词，enjoys为第三人称单数。 15．句意：学习肢体语言，你会受到别人的尊重！ you与respect之间为被动关系，应用will be respected。respects为第三人称单数主动形式，respect为原形主动形式，respecting为动名词。 二、完型填空 （25-26八年级下·广东深圳·期中） Do you know the lovely elephant Dumbo with big ears in the Disney film? Now, the elephant is on the red list of animals in danger, 16 the Asian elephants in the wild. Jinghong, a city in Southwest China, has 17 a food source base (食物资源基地) to help them. The government 18 to build the base last year. Because of the hard work of the 19 , the number of wild Asian elephants has grown from 170 in the 1940s to 300 today. The base covers three towns across 670 km2. More than 38,000 banana trees grow well in the base. Workers also built salty ponds (盐池) for the elephants. In the base, the elephants can enjoy delicious food, and they can also have a 20 . Scientists did lots of 21 in the base before it was open. Chai, one of the scientists said, “We want to offer many kinds of food to them. After finishing the project, elephants will be able to 22 in the food source base. This can stop them from 23 food in villages and destroying the farmers’ fields.” The elephant family is one of the most 24 animal groups on the earth. They are very useful to us and the environment. However, there are few groups of elephants left. “We hope to share our 25 with other countries and cities. Let’s protect the Asian elephants together.” Chai added. 16．A．finally B．especially C．unluckily D．suddenly 17．A．asked for B．thought of C．set up D．taken away 18．A．offered B．asked C．advised D．started 19．A．villagers B．government C．volunteers D．locals 20．A．party B．talk C．bath D．trip 21．A．homework B．experiments C．research D．reading 22．A．eat B．walk C．sleep D．run 23．A．looking at B．looking for C．looking up D．looking after 24．A．interesting B．beautiful C．exciting D．important 25．A．happiness B．result C．experience D．findings 解析：16．B 17．C 18．D 19．B 20．C 21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国景洪建立食物资源基地保护野生亚洲象的具体措施及显著成效，并呼吁各国共同保护大象。 【详解】16．句意：现在，大象在危险动物的红色名单上，尤其是野生亚洲象。 根据“Now, the elephant is on the red list of animals in danger…the Asian elephants in the wild.”可知，此处强调大象中处境更危险的特定群体，especially“特别是”表示强调。finally“最后”；unluckily“不幸的是”；suddenly“突然”。不符合逻辑。 17．句意：景洪，中国西南部的一个城市，建立了一个食物来源基地帮助它们。 根据“has…a food source base to help them”可知，是为了帮助大象而建立了基地，“set up”符合建立基地的动作。asked for“要求”；thought of“考虑”；taken away“带走”语意不通。 18．句意：政府去年开始建造基地。 根据“The government…to build the base last year.”可知，政府启动了建造基地的项目，started“开始”表示动作的起始。offered“提供”；asked“询问”；advised“建议”不符合句意。 19．句意：由于政府的努力，野生亚洲象的数量从20世纪40年代的170头增加到今天的300头。 根据上一句主语“The government”可知，此处指代政府的努力工作，government“政府”与前文主语保持一致。villagers“村民”；volunteers“志愿者”；locals“当地人”与前文逻辑不符。 20．句意：在基地里，大象可以享用美味的食物，它们还可以洗澡。 根据“Workers also built salty ponds for the elephants.”可知，盐池供大象洗澡使用，“bath”与盐池功能对应。party“聚会”；talk“谈话”；trip“旅行”不符合语境。 21．句意：科学家们在基地开放前对其进行了大量的研究。 根据“Scientists did lots of…in the base before it was open”可知，科学家在开放前进行的是调查研究，research“研究”符合科学家的工作性质。homework“家庭作业”；experiments“实验”；reading“阅读”不符合场景。 22．句意：项目完成后，大象将能够在食物来源基地吃东西。 根据“We want to offer many kinds of food to them.”可知，提供食物是为了让大象吃，eat“吃”与食物对应。walk“走”；sleep“睡觉”；run“跑”不符合逻辑。 23．句意：这可以阻止它们在村庄觅食和破坏农民的田地。 根据“stop them…food in villages”可知，大象在基地有食物，就不需去村庄寻找食物。looking for“寻找”表示觅食动作。looking at“看着”；looking up“仰望”；looking after“照顾”语意不通。 24．句意：大象家族是地球上最重要的动物群体之一。 根据“They are very useful to us and the environment.”可知，大象对环境有用，所以很重要，important符合有用性描述。interesting“有趣的”；beautiful“美丽的”；exciting“令人兴奋的”不够准确。 25．句意：我们希望与其他国家和城市分享我们的经验。 根据“share our…with other countries”及保护大象的背景可知，此处指分享保护经验，experience“经验”符合分享的内容。happiness“幸福”；result“结果”；findings“研究成果”均不符合语境。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·广东深圳·期中） Puppets for Creative Young People Spend hours of fun playing with your magical puppets in Centre Store!   Glove puppets     These puppets, also known as hand puppets, are puppets that fit over the puppeteer’s hand like a glove. Use puppets to tell the stories you create. These cloth puppets from Fujian are cheap to make, easy to operate and light enough to carry around in your schoolbag.     Shadow puppets These flat cut﹣out puppets from Sichuan are sold with a book of famous ancient stories about people and events for you to act out. We have leather or plastic puppets stuck to sticks. You can move your puppets by standing behind a white cloth screen with a bright light. Only the shadow of your puppets can be seen by the audience in front of the screen. Marionettes It requires skills to use these small wooden figures from Fujian, but you will enjoy it. Marionettes have arms, legs, waists and necks. They are joined to a wooden cross by strings which are used to make the puppet move. However, you must try again and again to avoid tangling the strings. Want to try them out? Come down to our City Puppet Store at 303 Renmin Road, Yueqing. We have puppet experts on hand to work with you and give tips. For more information, click here! 1．Which material is not used to make puppets? ________ A．Plastic. B．Wood. C．Cloth. D．Paper. 2．What can we know about the puppets? ________ A．These puppets in the store are from the same place. B．Glove puppets are too simple for students to use. C．Shadows of puppets and players are shown on the screen. D．Playing Marionettes needs skills and practising. 3．Why does the writer write this passage? ________ A．To spread traditional cultures and skills. B．To call on people to have fun in the store. C．To compare puppets from different places. D．To explain different activities of the store. 解析：1．D 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中心商店里的三种木偶：手套木偶、皮影和牵线木偶。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据表格第一栏中“These cloth puppets from Fujian are cheap to make”可知有布做的木偶；由表格第二栏中“We have leather or plastic puppets stuck to sticks. ”可知有皮革和塑料的皮影；由表格第三栏中“It requires skills to use these small wooden figures from Fujian”可知有木头做的木偶，没有提到纸做的木偶。故选D。 2．细节理解题。由表格第一栏中“These cloth puppets from Fujian”和表格第二栏中“These flat cut-out puppets from Sichuan”可知这些木偶来自不同地方，A项错误；由表格第一栏中“These cloth puppets from Fujian are cheap to make, easy to operate...in your schoolbag.”可知，这些手套木偶易于操作，便于携带，刚好适合学生玩，B项错误；由表格第二栏中“Only the shadow...in front of the screen.”可知，观众只能在屏幕上看见皮影，C项错误；由表格第三栏中“It requires skills to use ...the strings.”可知，玩牵线木偶需要技巧和练习，D项正确。故选D。 3．推理判断题。由文章第一句“Spend hours of fun playing with your magical puppets in Centre Store!”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是号召大家去店里玩。故选B。 （25-26八年级下·广东广州·期中） Cantonese Opera, with a history of over 500 years, is one of China’s most important cultural treasures. It started in Guangdong during the Ming Dynasty. It mixes singing, acting, martial arts, and acrobatics into a lively performance art. Known as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2006, it not only shows the local culture of Guangzhou but also connects Cantonese communities around the world. In its early days, Cantonese Opera was performed in the Central Plains dialect (方言). To make it easier for local audiences to understand, artists began using Cantonese in the late Qing Dynasty. During the 1911 Revolution, artists spread patriotic ideas and encouraged people to fight against bad traditions in their shows. After 1949, Chinese government helped protect this art by building theatres like the Guangdong Cantonese Opera Theatre and training new artists. Cantonese Opera expresses cultural values through its stories and symbolic colours. Famous stories such as The Purple Hairpin teach values like loyalty, family love, and kindness, making it both interesting and educational. Over time, the art has developed unique features. Performers use coloured makeup and costumes—red for loyalty, black for honesty, and white for cleverness—though simpler “red-white face” makeup is more common today. Costumes have changed from Ming Dynasty styles to beautifully embroidered designs, helping actors show different roles through their clothing. Today, Cantonese Opera is still popular not only in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao but also in overseas Chinese communities. It shows the beauty of Chinese traditional art. Through TV and modern stages, this ancient art continues to share Chinese stories and values with young people. 1．What can we learn about Cantonese Opera? A．It has a history of nearly 500 years. B．It only shows the local culture of Guangzhou. C．It mixes different art forms together to create a new form of art. D．It became an international intangible cultural heritage in 2006. 2．Why did artists start using Cantonese instead of the Central Plains dialect? A．To follow the government rules. B．To make the performance simpler. C．To make it much more popular. D．To help audiences understand better. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about Cantonese Opera makeup and costumes? A．The color white in makeup stands for cleverness according to the passage. B．Performers today always use colorful makeup with red, black, and white. C．Costumes today remain the same as they were in the Ming Dynasty. D．Costumes have changed from embroidered designs to Ming Dynasty styles. 4．What is the correct order of the following events about Cantonese Opera? a. Guangdong Cantonese Opera Theatre was built. b. It spread patriotic ideas through the show. c. It was performed in the Central Plains dialect. d. It was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage. e. It first appeared in Guangdong. A．d-a-c-b-e B．e-b-a-c-d C．e-c-b-a-d D．d-e-c-b-a 5．According to the passage, how does Cantonese Opera stay popular with modern audiences? A．By using more languages such as English. B．By showing the traditions through modern stages. C．By making old costumes with simpler designs. D．By performing only in overseas Chinese communities. 解析：1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了粤剧的发展历程，艺术特色和文化价值。 1．根据第一段“Cantonese Opera, with a history of over 500 years,”可知，粤剧有超过500年的历史，排除A。根据第一段“it not only shows the local culture…around the world.”可知，粤剧不仅展现当地文化，排除B，选项C符合题意。根据第一段“Known as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2006”可知，粤剧是国家级非物质文化遗产，排除D。 2．根据第二段“To make it easier for local audiences…in the late Qing Dynasty.”可知，为了让当地观众更好的理解，开始使用粤语。 3．根据第三段“white for cleverness”可知，白色代表智慧。选项A符合题意。 4．根据第一段“It started in Guangdong during the Ming Dynasty.”和“Known as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2006”，第二段“In its early days, Cantonese Opera was performed in the Central Plains dialect”和“During the 1911 Revolution, artists spread patriotic ideas”以及“After 1949, Chinese government helped…the Guangdong Cantonese Opera Theatre”。可知，粤剧首次出现在广东是在明朝，出现在广东的早期用中原方言唱，2006年成为国家级非物质文化遗产，1911年辛亥革命时用来传播爱国思想，1949年后政府建设广东粤剧剧院。根据以上时间可知，选项C符合题意。 5．根据最后一段可知，粤剧通过电视和现代化舞台向人们传递中国故事和价值观，仍然受到人们的喜爱。选项B符合题意。 第 19 页 共 27 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $