河北2025-2026学年度高一年级英语下学期阶段测试(人教版必修三第四单元测试)

**基本信息** 本卷为高一年级必修三第四单元太空探索主题单元检测，融合中国航天成就与国际前沿素材，通过词汇、阅读、语言运用等题型，提升学生语言能力与科学思维，适配单元复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇知识|50分|astronaut等太空主题词汇及介词、动词短语|四组选词填空聚焦航天术语，补全句子强化语境运用| |阅读|30分|中国天宫空间站、SpaceX火星计划等|A/B篇考查细节理解与主旨，七选五衔接神舟任务，素材具科技前沿性| |语言运用|30分|语法填空（非谓语、从句等）、完形填空|完形填空以天问一号着陆为情境，语法填空探讨火星居住，体现学科融合与思维层次|

2025-2026学年度高一年级必修三第四单元单元检测 考试时长：60分钟 满分：110分 基础知识部分 词汇知识（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 选词填空，从词汇框中选出合适的单词完成句子。（共四组，每组10小题；每小题1分，满分40分） 第一组 gravity astronaut mankind tissue vehicle procedures data frontier rocket analysis satellites agency 1. The ____________ spent six months on the International Space Station, conducting experiments that could change our understanding of human biology. 2. NASA has strict safety ____________ that every astronaut must follow before entering the spacecraft. 3. SpaceX’s Falcon 9 ____________ successfully landed back on Earth, marking a new era in reusable space technology. 4. Without ____________ , astronauts’ muscles weaken quickly, so they must exercise two hours daily in space. 5. Space remains the final ____________ for human exploration, offering endless possibilities for scientific discovery. 6. The Mars rover is an unmanned ____________ designed to travel across the red planet’s rocky surface. 7. Over 3,000 active ____________ currently orbit Earth, providing communication, weather data, and navigation services. 8. The moon landing in 1969 was one of the greatest achievements of ____________ in the 20th century. 9. The European Space ____________ collaborates with NASA on missions to explore distant planets. 10. Scientists analyze ____________ collected by telescopes to search for signs of life beyond our solar system. 第二组 lack spacecraft globe giant disappointment muscle pattern universe telescope resource mystery facility 11. The ____________ traveled more than 480 million miles before successfully entering Jupiter’s orbit. 12. The launch was cancelled due to bad weather, causing great ____________ among the watching crowd. 13. Astronomers estimate that the ____________ contains at least two trillion galaxies, each with billions of stars. 14. Long-term space travel can cause ____________ loss, so astronauts must perform special exercises daily. 15. The ____________ of oxygen on Mars makes it impossible for humans to survive without special equipment. 16. The James Webb Space ____________ can observe galaxies formed over 13 billion years ago. 17. China’s space ____________ in Hainan has become one of the most advanced rocket launch centers in the world. 18. Satellite images show how climate change is affecting every corner of the ____________ . 19. Researchers have discovered a clear ____________ linking solar activity to changes in Earth’s temperature. 20. Water on the moon could become a valuable ____________ for future space missions and lunar bases. 第三组 desire orbit recycle launch fatal argue attach leap signal monitor float determine 21. Further tests are needed to ____________ whether the newly discovered planet can support life. 22. SpaceX plans to ____________ its next mission to the moon before the end of this year. 23. The new satellite will ____________ Earth at an altitude of approximately 36,000 kilometers. 24. Landing on Mars represents a giant ____________ forward in our ability to explore deep space. 25. Her strong ____________ to become an astronaut drove her to study physics and engineering for ten years. 26. The probe began to ____________ its position as soon as it successfully touched down on the asteroid. 27. NASA is developing systems that can ____________ water and air for long-duration space missions. 28. Some scientists ____________ that we should focus on protecting Earth before exploring other planets. 29. Ground stations around the world ____________ the satellite’s health and position 24 hours a day. 30. Engineers ____________ special heat shields to spacecraft to protect them from extreme temperatures during re-entry. 第四组 limited current shallow independent otherwise mental sufficient intelligent regularly keen high-end beyond 31. Scientists are searching for signs of ____________ life beyond Earth using powerful radio telescopes. 32. The new space agency aims to make its country ____________ of foreign satellite technology. 33. What lies ____________ our solar system remains one of astronomy’s most fascinating questions. 34. The ____________ technology allows astronauts to stay in space for about six months at a time. 35. Solar panels on the space station provide ____________ electricity to power all its systems. 36. She has always been ____________ on astronomy and spends her weekends observing the night sky. 37. The ____________ understanding of space exploration among the public worries many scientists. 38. Astronauts must exercise ____________ to prevent bone and muscle loss during long space flights. 39. Due to ____________ fuel, the spacecraft had to change its course and return to Earth earlier than planned. 40. Long-term isolation in space can cause serious ____________ health problems for astronauts. 第二节：根据汉语补全句子，每空一词。 41. 宇宙飞船上所有机组人员在起飞前必须完成应急训练。 All crew members ________ board the spacecraft must complete emergency training before takeoff. 42. 中国发射该探测器，希望能从月球背面采集样本。 China launched the probe ________ the hope of collecting samples from the far side of the moon. 43. 科学家们仍在努力研究如何保护宇航员免受危险的太空辐射。 Scientists are still trying to figure ________ how to protect astronauts from dangerous space radiation. 44. 尽管遇到技术问题，任务控制中心团队决定继续进行发射。 Despite the technical problems, the mission control team decided to carry ________ with the launch. 45. 一个计算错误可能导致整个太空任务的彻底失败。 A single calculation error could result ________ the complete failure of a space mission. 46. 该空间站的设计能够为六名宇航员提供食物、水和氧气。 The space station is designed to provide ________ six astronauts with food, water, and oxygen. 47. 如果航天器在到达轨道之前燃料耗尽，整个任务将会失败。 If the spacecraft’s fuel runs ________ before reaching orbit, the entire mission will fail. 48. 火箭推迟了三天发射；结果，机组人员错过了最佳发射窗口。 The rocket was delayed by three days; ________ a result, the crew missed the optimal launch window. 49. 最后，我想感谢所有为这次成功的太空任务做出贡献的人。 ________ closing, I would like to thank everyone who contributed to this successful space mission. 50. 我们应该重视太空教育，因为它能激励下一代科学家。 We should attach importance ________ space education, as it inspires the next generation of scientists. 能力提升部分 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A China’s Space Program Reaches New Heights China’s space program has made remarkable progress in recent years. In 2025, the country conducted 92 space launch missions, a 35 percent increase compared with 2024. These missions covered everything from crewed spaceflights to deep-space exploration. One of the most significant achievements was the completion of the Tiangong space station. Since its first module was launched in 2021, nine astronaut crews have visited the station, conducting about 20 spacewalks and over 180 science experiments. The station serves as a national-level space laboratory, with nearly 2 tonnes of scientific materials sent up and over 300 TB of scientific data obtained. In May 2025, China launched Tianwen-2, its first asteroid exploration and sample-return mission. The probe is heading toward asteroid 2016HO3 to collect samples and will later explore a main-belt comet. This mission will help scientists understand the early solar system’s material composition and formation processes. Looking ahead, China has ambitious plans for the coming years. The Chang’e-7 mission, scheduled for 2026, will explore the lunar south pole to search for water ice. Chang’e-8 in 2028 will test technologies for building infrastructure on the Moon. Meanwhile, the crewed lunar exploration program is progressing steadily, with the goal of putting Chinese astronauts on the Moon by 2030. The Mengzhou spacecraft is expected to perform its first test flight in 2026, and a Pakistani astronaut is planned to visit Tiangong later that year — marking the station’s first international visitor. Through these efforts, China continues to push the frontiers of space exploration and make important contributions to humanity’s understanding of the universe. 1. What can we learn about the Tiangong space station from the passage? A. It was completed in less than one year after its first module launch. B. It has hosted nine astronaut crews and produced over 300 TB of data. C. It is the only space station currently operating in low Earth orbit. D. It will be replaced by a larger station before 2030. 2. What is the main purpose of the Tianwen-2 mission? A. To test reusable rocket technology for future lunar missions. B. To establish China’s first research base on an asteroid. C. To collect asteroid samples and study the early solar system. D. To compete with NASA’s Mars Sample Return program. 3. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The history of China’s space program from the 1970s to today. B. The competition between China and other countries in space exploration. C. China’s recent achievements and future plans in space exploration. D. The scientific discoveries made by Chinese astronauts in space. B SpaceX’s Mars Dream: A Giant Leap for Mankind SpaceX, the private aerospace company founded by Elon Musk, is preparing for an ambitious mission to Mars. The company plans to launch its first uncrewed Starship spacecraft to the Red Planet by the end of 2026, taking advantage of the next Earth-Mars transfer window, which opens every 26 months. This mission marks a significant milestone in humanity’s journey toward becoming a multi-planetary species. The initial mission will carry Tesla’s humanoid robot, Optimus, to test landing capabilities and perform essential tasks on Mars. Standing at about 5 feet 8 inches tall, Optimus is designed to handle dangerous and repetitive work, such as constructing habitats and setting up life support systems. If these uncrewed landings succeed, crewed missions could begin as early as 2029, though 2031 is considered more realistic. However, the path to Mars is filled with challenges. Starship, standing 123 meters tall, is the largest and most powerful rocket ever built. Yet it has experienced multiple test-flight failures in 2025, including explosions caused by propellant leaks and engine malfunctions. Additionally, orbital refueling remains a critical unsolved problem. A Mars-bound Starship would need to be refueled in Earth orbit by multiple tanker spacecraft, a process that has never been demonstrated successfully. Despite these obstacles, Musk remains optimistic. He estimates a 50% chance of meeting the 2026 deadline and emphasizes that rapidly reusable rockets are key to reducing the cost of space travel. Currently, sending payloads to Mars costs approximately 1 billion per tonne. Musk aims to bring this down to 100,000 per tonne, making Mars colonization economically viable. “Being multi-planetary will vastly increase the probable lifespan of consciousness,” he stated, highlighting the importance of spreading human civilization beyond Earth. The success of this mission would not only advance space exploration but also serve as a contingency plan for humanity. As Musk puts it, Mars could “potentially come to the rescue of Earth if something goes wrong,” ensuring the long-term survival of human consciousness. 4. What is the primary purpose of SpaceX’s first uncrewed Mars mission in 2026? A. To establish a permanent human settlement on Mars immediately. B. To test Starship’s landing capabilities and prepare for future crewed missions. C. To transport commercial payloads for private companies. D. To compete with NASA’s Artemis lunar program. 5. What does the underlined phrase “a multi-planetary species” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. A species that lives on multiple planets. B. A species that can travel between planets freely. C. A species that has discovered all planets in the solar system. D. A species that has built space stations in orbit. 6. According to the passage, which of the following is a major technical challenge facing SpaceX’s Mars mission? A. The lack of qualified astronauts for the mission. B. The inability to manufacture Starship rockets quickly enough. C. The difficulty of refueling Starship in Earth orbit. D. The absence of suitable landing sites on Mars. 7. What can we infer from Elon Musk’s statements in the passage? A. He is certain that the 2026 Mars mission will succeed. B. He believes reducing space travel costs is crucial for Mars colonization. C. He thinks Mars colonization should replace efforts to protect Earth. D. He considers the 2026 mission more important than NASA’s lunar projects. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 China’s Record-Breaking Space Mission On May 24, 2026, China launched its Shenzhou-23 crewed spaceship, sending three astronauts to the Tiangong space station. The crew consists of mission commander Zhu Yangzhu, pilot Zhang Zhiyuan, and payload specialist Li Jiaying, who has made history as the first astronaut from Hong Kong to travel to space. 8 . The launch marks another milestone in China’s rapidly advancing space program. The mission carries special significance beyond crew rotation. For the first time, one of the three astronauts is scheduled to stay in orbit for a full year. 9 . The extended stay aims to study how the human body adapts to long-duration spaceflight and to prepare for future lunar expeditions. China has set a goal of landing astronauts on the Moon by 2030, and understanding human limits in space is crucial to that ambition. During their time aboard Tiangong, the crew will conduct more than 100 scientific experiments. 10 . These studies will help scientists understand reproduction and development in microgravity environments. Additionally, the astronauts will carry out research in life sciences, materials science, and microgravity physics, contributing valuable data to the global scientific community. The Shenzhou-23 mission also highlights the growing international competition in space exploration. 11 . Meanwhile, NASA is preparing for its Artemis program, with plans to return astronauts to the lunar surface as early as 2028. The rivalry has pushed both nations to accelerate their technological development and expand human presence beyond Earth. 12 . The station, whose name means “Heavenly Palace,” has hosted multiple crews since 2021 and serves as a platform for cutting-edge research. With regular crew rotations and increasingly ambitious missions, China is steadily building the experience and technology needed for deep space exploration. The Shenzhou-23 mission, with its yearlong stay and groundbreaking experiments, represents another confident step toward the stars. A. These include experiments using zebrafish, mice, and even artificial embryos. B. Before being selected as an astronaut, Li worked in the Hong Kong Police Force. C. As China steps up its space program, the Tiangong space station has become a symbol of national pride. D. The spacecraft blasted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China. E. This would be among the longest single stays in space ever recorded by any nation. F. China developed its own space station after being effectively excluded from the International Space Station. G. The mission comes at a time when the global space race is heating up like never before. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 China’s space program reached a historic milestone when its Tianwen-1 probe successfully touched down on Mars. Early Saturday, the China National Space Administration announced that the lander had settled on Utopia Planitia, a vast plain on the red planet. This achievement 13 China as a major power in deep-space exploration, making it only the third nation to accomplish a Mars landing. The mission, 14 in July 2020, travelled nearly seven months before entering Martian orbit. Scientists had spent years 15 the spacecraft to survive the “seven minutes of terror” — the dangerous descent through the thin atmosphere. The rover, named Zhurong after the Chinese god of fire, is 16 to explore the surface for at least three months, searching 17 signs of ancient water and life. Space exploration has always involved enormous risks. The thin atmosphere makes landing extremely challenging, and dust storms can 18 solar panels. However, the potential rewards drive scientists forward. By studying Mars, researchers hope to understand 19 Earth formed and whether life ever existed beyond our planet. Such knowledge could even help 20 future challenges on Earth, such as climate change. China’s space ambitions extend far beyond Mars. The country has already built its own space station, Tiangong, and plans to send astronauts to the moon by 2030. These projects require not only advanced technology but also extraordinary 21 . Astronauts must undergo years of 22 training before they are allowed to fly. They learn to live in weightless conditions, repair equipment, and handle 23 situations calmly. The cost of space exploration has often been questioned. Critics argue that the money could be better spent solving problems on Earth. 24 , supporters believe that the scientific discoveries and technological breakthroughs justify the investment. Satellite technology developed for space missions, for example, has 25 improved weather forecasting and communication networks. As international competition in space intensifies, cooperation remains equally important. The International Space Station 26 scientists from different countries to work together. Similarly, shared data from Mars missions could 27 our understanding of the solar system. Whether through competition or collaboration, humanity’s journey into space has only just begun. 13. A. established B. reserved C. occupied D. decorated 14. A. operated B. launched C. explored D. discovered 15. A. designing B. pretending C. describing D. introducing 16. A. demanded B. encouraged C. allowed D. supposed 17. A. at B. over C. for D. into 18. A. replace B. protect C. charge D. cover 19. A. where B. how C. why D. when 20. A. create B. ignore C. address D. increase 21. A. fortune B. courage C. entertainment D. equipment 22. A. physical B. political C. commercial D. chemical 23. A. ordinary B. similar C. emergency D. familiar 24. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Otherwise 25. A. slightly B. temporarily C. secretly D. greatly 26. A. prevents B. reminds C. enables D. forbids 27. A. reduce B. test C. limit D. advance 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(注意：此处仅供打草稿使用，正式作答需在答题卡上完成) The Dream of Living on Mars For centuries, humans have looked up at the night sky, 28 (wonder) what lies beyond our planet. Today, that dream is 29 (close) to reality than ever before. In 2026, NASA is preparing for Artemis II, 30 will send four astronauts around the Moon for the first time since 1972. This mission is seen as essential preparation for future human exploration of Mars. The Red Planet has long fascinated scientists. Recent discoveries by the Perseverance rover 31 (reveal) organic molecules in Martian rocks, suggesting that Mars may once have had a habitable environment. 32 , turning Mars into a home for humans remains a huge challenge. The planet’s thin atmosphere offers little protection 33 harmful radiation, and temperatures can drop to minus 80 degrees Celsius. 34 (overcome) these difficulties, researchers are developing new technologies. SpaceX, for example, is working on Starship, a reusable rocket 35 (design) for deep-space travel. The company had planned to send uncrewed missions to Mars in 2026, but technical 36 (challenge) forced a delay. Instead, SpaceX is now focusing on lunar missions first. Despite setbacks, the spirit of exploration continues. As one scientist put it, “The Moon is faster, but Mars is where humanity’s future 37 (true) lies.” Whether we will set foot on the Red Planet in the 2030s or later, one thing is certain: our journey into space has only just begun. 28. ___________ 29. ___________ 30. ___________ 31. ___________ 32. ___________ 33. ___________ 34. ___________ 35. ___________ 36. ___________ 37. ___________ 参考答案及部分解析 基础知识部分 1. astronaut 2. procedures 3. rocket 4. gravity 5. frontier 6. vehicle 7. satellites 8. mankind 9. agency / Agency 10. data 11. spacecraft 12. disappointment 13. universe 14. muscle 15. lack 16. telescope 17. facility 18. globe 19. pattern 20. resource 21. determine 22. launch 23. orbit 24. leap 25. desire 26. signal 27. recycle 28. argue 29. monitor 30. attach 31. intelligent 32. independent 33. beyond 34. current 35. sufficient 36. keen 37. shallow 38. regularly 39. limited 40. mental 41. on 42. in 43. out 44. on 45. in 46. for 47. out 48. as 49. In 50. to 能力提升部分 1. B解析：本题考查细节理解。根据文章第二段 “Since its first module was launched in 2021, nine astronaut crews have visited the station”以及 “over 300 TB of scientific data obtained”可知，天宫空间站已接待了9批航天员，并获取了超过300TB的科学数据，B项正确。A项错误，原文说 “less than two years”完成组装，而非一年；C项错误，原文说 “one of two space stations”，并非唯一；D项未在文中提及。 2. C解析：本题考查细节理解。根据第三段 “This mission will help scientists understand the early solar system’s material composition and formation processes”以及前文 “its first asteroid exploration and sample-return mission”可知，天问二号的主要目的是采集小行星样本并研究早期太阳系，C项正确。A项说的是长征十号火箭的任务；B项“建立研究基地”文中未提及；D项“与NASA竞争”不是本文强调的内容。 3. C解析：本题考查主旨大意。通读全文，文章第一段总述中国2025年航天发射成就，第二段介绍天宫空间站，第三段介绍天问二号，第四段展望未来计划（嫦娥七号、八号、载人登月等）。因此文章主要讲述的是中国太空探索的近期成就和未来计划，C项正确。A项“从1970年代至今的历史”范围过大；B项“与其他国家的竞争”不是文章重点；D项“航天员的科学发现”仅为部分内容，不能概括全文。 4. B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 “The initial mission will carry Tesla’s humanoid robot, Optimus, to test landing capabilities and perform essential tasks on Mars.”（首次任务将搭载特斯拉的人形机器人Optimus，以测试着陆能力并在火星上执行必要任务）以及第二段最后一句 “If these uncrewed landings succeed, crewed missions could begin as early as 2029...”（如果这些无人着陆成功，载人任务最早可能在2029年开始……）可知，2026年首次无人火星任务的主要目的是测试着陆能力，为未来载人任务做准备。A项“立即在火星建立永久人类定居点”与原文不符；C项“为私营公司运输商业载荷”文中未提及；D项“与NASA的阿尔忒弥斯登月计划竞争”文中未提及。 5. A解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句 “This mission marks a significant milestone in humanity's journey toward becoming a multi-planetary species.”（这项任务标志着人类迈向成为multi-planetary species的重要里程碑），结合全文主题——SpaceX计划将人类送上火星并在火星建立定居点，以及最后一段中 “spreading human civilization beyond Earth”（将人类文明扩展到地球之外），可以推断 “multi-planetary species”指的是“能够在多个星球上生存的物种”，即生活在多个星球上的物种。B项“能够在星球间自由旅行的物种”侧重旅行能力而非生存；C项“发现太阳系所有行星的物种”；D项“在轨道上建造空间站的物种”均不符合文意。 6. C解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中 “Additionally, orbital refueling remains a critical unsolved problem. A Mars-bound Starship would need to be refueled in Earth orbit by multiple tanker spacecraft, a process that has never been demonstrated successfully.”（此外，轨道加油仍然是一个尚未解决的关键问题。一艘前往火星的星舰需要在地球轨道上由多艘加油飞船进行加油，这一过程从未成功展示过）可知，在地球轨道上为Starship加油是一个重大技术挑战。A项“缺乏合格的宇航员”文中未提及；B项“无法快速制造Starship火箭”与文中 “the company is now at a point where it can produce a spaceship approximately every two to three weeks”（公司现在大约每两到三周就能生产一艘飞船）矛盾；D项“火星上缺乏合适的着陆点”文中未提及。 7. B解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中 “rapidly reusable rockets are key to reducing the cost of space travel”（快速可重复使用的火箭是降低太空旅行成本的关键）以及 “Currently, sending payloads to Mars costs approximately 1 billion per tonne. Musk aims to bring this down to 100,000 per tonne, making Mars colonization economically viable.”（目前，将载荷送往火星的成本约为每吨10亿美元。马斯克的目标是将这一数字降低到每吨10万美元，使火星殖民在经济上可行）可以推断，马斯克认为降低太空旅行成本对于火星殖民至关重要。A项“他确信2026年火星任务会成功”与文中 “He estimates a 50% chance of meeting the 2026 deadline”（他估计有50%的机会赶上2026年的最后期限）矛盾；C项“他认为火星殖民应该取代保护地球的努力”与文中 “Mars could ‘potentially come to the rescue of Earth if something goes wrong’”（火星可能在“地球出问题”时提供救援）不符，火星殖民是作为地球的备选方案而非替代方案；D项“他认为2026年任务比NASA的登月项目更重要”文中未提及。 8. B 承上启下+细节补充。空前介绍了乘组三人，并特别提到黎家盈（Li Jiaying）是首位来自香港的航天员。B项补充了她入选前的背景信息（曾在香港警队工作），与前文形成细节上的呼应，使人物介绍更加完整。 9. E 指代衔接+递进关系。空前提到 “one of the three astronauts is scheduled to stay in orbit for a full year”（其中一人将在轨驻留一整年）。E项中的 “This”指代前文提到的“一年驻留”，并进一步说明“这将是各国记录中最长的单次太空驻留之一”，对空前信息进行补充和强调，形成递进。 10. A例证关系。空前提到 “conduct more than 100 scientific experiments”（开展100多项科学实验）。A项以 “These include...”开头，具体列举了斑马鱼、小鼠和人工胚胎等实验内容，是对前文 “experiments”的具体举例说明，逻辑衔接紧密。 11. F因果/背景说明。本段主题是“国际太空竞争”。空前讲中国航天发展，空后讲NASA的Artemis计划。F项说明中国自建空间站的历史背景（因被排除在国际空间站之外），既承接了中国航天发展的内容，又为后文国际竞争格局做了铺垫，形成合理的逻辑过渡。 12. C段落主旨+承上启下。空后介绍了天宫空间站的意义和成就。C项以 “As China steps up its space program”开头，引出 “Tiangong space station has become a symbol of national pride”，既总结了前文中国航天发展的态势，又自然过渡到对天宫空间站的具体介绍，适合作为段首主题句。 多余选项分析 D The spacecraft blasted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China. 本文首段已提到发射地点（“from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center”），若放在第8空则与首句信息重复，且无法与后文形成有效衔接。 G The mission comes at a time when the global space race is heating up like never before.虽然与第11空所在段落主题相关，但G项过于笼统，不如F项具体说明中国空间站建设的背景更能与后文NASA计划形成对比。且 “heating up like never before”表述过于夸张，与原文客观报道风格不符。 13---17 ABADC 18-22 DBCBA 23---27 CBDCD 13. A establish...as... 为固定搭配，意为“确立……为……”。此处指这一成就确立了中国在深空探索领域的大国地位。 14. B launch 意为“发射”，与 mission 搭配表示“发射任务”。operate（操作）、explore（探索）、discover（发现）均不符合语境。 15. A spend time (in) doing sth. 结构。design 意为“设计”，符合科学家设计航天器以应对危险着陆的语境。 16. D be supposed to 为固定搭配，意为“应该；被期望”，表示火星车预计将进行至少三个月的探测。 17. C search for 为固定短语，意为“寻找”。此处指寻找古代水和生命的迹象。 18. D cover 意为“覆盖”。火星沙尘暴会覆盖太阳能电池板，影响供电，符合航天常识。19. B此处需要表示方式的连接词，how Earth formed 意为“地球是如何形成的”。 20. C address 为熟词生义，意为“处理；应对”，相当于 deal with。此处指帮助应对未来挑战。 21. B 由上下文“不仅需要先进技术”可知，还需要“非凡的勇气（courage）”。fortune（财富）、entertainment（娱乐）不符合语境。 22. A physical training 意为“体能训练”。宇航员需要多年的体能训练，符合常识。 23. C emergency situations 意为“紧急情况”。宇航员需学习冷静处理紧急情况。 24. B 前文讲批评者观点，此处转折讲支持者观点，故用 However（然而）。 25. D greatly improved 意为“极大地改善”，强调太空技术对天气预报和通信网络的显著提升。 26. C enable sb. to do sth. 意为“使某人能够做某事”。国际空间站使各国科学家能够合 27. D advance 意为“推进；促进”。共享数据能够促进我们对太阳系的理解。 28. wondering 29. closer 30. which 31. have revealed 32. However 33. against / from 34. To overcome 35. designed 36. challenges 37. truly 28. wondering考查点：现在分词作伴随状语。句意：几个世纪以来，人类仰望夜空，想知道地球之外存在着什么。解析：主语humans与wonder之间是主动关系，用现在分词表示与谓语动作同时发生的伴随状态。 29. closer考查点：形容词比较级。句意：如今，那个梦想比以往任何时候都更接近现实。解析：句中有比较标志词 than，故用close的比较级closer。 30. which考查点：非限制性定语从句。句意：2026年，NASA正准备执行Artemis II任务，该任务将自1972年以来首次送四名宇航员绕月飞行。解析：先行词是Artemis II（指物），从句缺主语，且前面有逗号，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。注意：that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 31. have revealed考查点：现在完成时。句意：毅力号火星车的近期发现已经揭示了火星岩石中的有机分子，这表明火星可能曾经拥有适宜居住的环境。解析：Recent discoveries（近期发现）表示过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。主语discoveries是复数，助动词用have。 32. However考查点：副词/过渡词。句意：然而，将火星变成人类的家园仍然是一个巨大的挑战。解析：前文讲火星可能有宜居环境（积极），本句讲挑战巨大（转折），故用However表转折。注意首字母大写，后接逗号。 33. against / from考查点：介词搭配。句意：这颗星球稀薄的大气层几乎无法提供抵御有害辐射的保护。解析：protection against/from... 为固定搭配，意为“抵御……的保护”。 34. To overcome考查点：动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为了克服这些困难，研究人员正在研发新技术。解析：不定式置于句首，表示目的，意为“为了……”。注意首字母大写。 35. designed考查点：过去分词作后置定语。句意：例如，SpaceX正在研发Starship，一种专为深空旅行设计的可重复使用火箭。解析：rocket与design之间是被动关系（火箭被设计），用过去分词短语designed for...作后置定语，相当于定语从句which is designed for...。 36. challenges考查点：名词复数。句意：该公司曾计划在2026年向火星发射无人任务，但技术上的挑战迫使计划推迟。解析：technical是形容词，修饰名词；谓语动词forced是原形（非三单），说明主语是复数，故用challenges。 37. truly考查点：副词。句意：正如一位科学家所说：“月球更近，但火星才是人类未来真正所在之地。”解析：修饰动词lies（存在，位于），需用true的副词形式truly。 ( 第 9 页 共 10 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $