专题05 六选四 （期末复习专项训练）高一英语下学期

**基本信息** 聚焦应用文六选四题型，通过14篇不同主题语篇系统训练语篇连贯与逻辑衔接能力，提升语言理解与思维分析素养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |应用文六选四|14篇（含社会科学、自然科学等主题）|考查上下文语义连贯与逻辑关系（因果、转折、例证等）|以不同主题语篇为载体，通过信息匹配与逻辑推理训练，构建语篇衔接知识体系，培养语言能力与思维品质|

专题05 六选四（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 应用文（14篇） Passage 1 1．C 2．A 3．E 4．F Passage 2 5．E 6．A 7．D 8．C Passage 3 9．F 10．B 11．E 12．D Passage 4 13．E 14．A 15．F 16．C Passage 5 17．C 18．A 19．F 20．D Passage 6 21．E 22．A 23．C 24．B Passage 7 25．F 26．A 27．B 28．D Passage 8 29．F 30．C 31．A 32．E Passage 9 33．B 34．A 35．D 36．C Passage 10 37．B 38．E 39．F 40．D Passage 11 41．A 42．C 43．F 44．B Passage 12 45．A 46．D 47．C 48．E Passage 13 49．E 50．F 51．B 52．A Passage 14 53．C 54．D 55．A 56．F Passage 1 1．D 2．F 3．C 4．A Passage 2 5．E 6．A 7．D 8．B Passage 3 9．A 10．D 11．E 12．B Passage 4 13．C 14．A 15．F 16．E Passage 5 17．E 18．A 19．D 20．F Passage 6 21．D 22．F 23．A 24．C 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 六选四（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 应用文（14篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海市甘泉外国语中学·高一下·期中） Comfort Foods Aren’t Magic — but Memory Might Be Sometimes when we eat, what we’re hungry for isn’t food — it’s the taste of memory. Studies show that foods we think of as comfort foods don’t contain any magical properties. What might be comforting is the feeling of proximity (亲近) to other people that they can evoke. 1 But what we don’t think about is that comfort foods also provide something social for us, according to Shira Gabriel, an associate professor of psychology at the State University of New York, Buffalo, who co-authored a study. It found that people like comfort foods because of their ability to make them feel that they belong. When French writer Marcel Proust bit into a cake (or perhaps a piece of toast) at his mother’s house, he was overwhelmed by a feeling of nostalgia (怀旧). Where had this “all-powerful joy” come from? 2 But it infinitely transcended (超出) those flavors, he said. In Proust’s case, the taste he experienced took him back to childhood experiences with a beloved aunt. Proust had evidently formed strong attachments to his experiences with this aunt. Gabrie’s study found that people who have strong bonds with others are more likely to use comfort foods after an argument or other emotionally stressful occasions. It probably goes back to classical conditioning (经典性条件反射), Gabriel said 3 If they’re less positive, the food might not. Comfort foods are often thought of as being rich in calories or full of sugar. Nevertheless, other studies have also shown that the line between comfort and food isn’t as clear as “junk food= happiness.” Eating so-called “junk foods” does activate the brain’s reward system, but that high is short-lived. It’s not the deep reward of real comfort. 4 The study was intended to look at how food might help keep astronauts mentally healthy on a long journey. It later found that participants’ ability to recover from watching negative movie scenes wasn’t affected by the kind of food they received afterward. The point here is probably that there’s no reason to eat comfort foods for their own sake. In other words, if you feel bad, you might as well have a salad. But there is something in the ability of comfort foods to evoke belonging and memory. Taste and smell, Proust wrote, stay fresh a long time. A．He sensed that it was connected to the taste of tea and cake. B．Comfort foods have been around as long as there have been people around to eat them. C．Thoughts about comfort foods are often linked to calories, warmth, or a sense of well-being. D．Using this knowledge can help smooth out the complicated relationship some people tend to have with food. E．If your childhood associations with comfort foods are being taken care of, your food will make you feel better. F．Regardless of whether you comfort yourself with food, one study found that “your mood will probably bounce back on its own.” Passage 2 （2026 上海市杨浦区中原中学·高一下·期中） Fun Facts about Pigeons, the Most Misunderstood of All Creatures Upon seeing a flock of pigeons, many people want nothing more than to run a mile in the other direction. 5 People may be surprised to learn that these creatures have a number of fascinating characteristics that should not be overlooked. First, pigeons are highly skilled navigators (领航员). 6 Because of this ability, humans have used pigeons to their advantage for centuries. Another interesting yet not so admirable quality of pigeons is that they appear to be master procrastinators (拖延大师). Scientific studies have shown that pigeons often delay the completion of a boring or troublesome task when an immediately more convenient alternative is available. 7 Next, we come to the unpleasant topic of pigeon droppings. People in the city are used to seeing streets littered with these droppings. Although pigeon poo is seen as a problem in modern times, several centuries ago, it was actually considered a valuable resource because it helped crops grow. 8 . In addition to their navigation skills and excellent sense of hearing, they can distinguish between the letters of the Roman alphabet and tell apart human faces in photographs. So, the next time you feel disgusted upon encountering a pigeon, remember that besides carrying little disease risk, these birds are smart creatures with many wonderful abilities. A．A pigeon can find its way back to its nest after being transported more than a thousand miles away from it! B．With exceptional eyesight, pigeons can distinguish between different paintings by artists like Monet and Picasso. C．Finally, it cannot be denied that pigeons are highly intelligent creatures. D．When it comes to putting off work, maybe pigeons are just as good as humans. E．Pigeons are commonly viewed as carriers and spreaders of disease, but that’s actually not true. F．They have impressive long-term memory, able to remember complex visual patterns for years. Passage 3 （2025 上海市杨浦区中原中学·高一下·期中） Bunny Power: White Rabbit’s Reinvention When it comes to images of rabbits, many Chinese people would think of White Rabbit, a well-known brand of sweets. As one of the few old brands still thriving, White Rabbit has a thing or two to teach other companies about how to stay popular among consumers. China’s first domestic toffees (太妃糖) were produced in 1943 with Mickey Mouse on the wrapper. 9 The stylized blue-and-white cartoon bunny became an icon. In 1972, Zhou Enlai, then China’s premier, presented White Rabbits to Richard Nixon on his first visit to China. The fortunes of the sweet soured in the 1970s. As foreign goods flooded in, White Rabbits lost their popularity. Guan Sheng Yuan, the state-owned company that makes them, used the treat’s nutritional property as its selling point. It said seven sweets equals a glass of milk in terms of protein content. The strategy, however, didn’t work well. 10 The brand was even affected by the food safety scandals of a brand of powdered milk in 2008. However, the bunnies fought back. In 2018, the first batches of White Rabbit lip balm (润唇膏) sold out within hours. The following year, the producer teamed up with Godiva, a chocolate company, to make White Rabbit ice cream, and people queued for hours to buy the newly launched White Rabbit milk tea at a shop in Shanghai. 11 In 2021, Guan Sheng Yuan opened a shop in Shanghai selling a wide range of branded products. The rabbit has reinvented itself many times. Most recently, it has taken advantage of the trend of guo chao, which has been applied to trendy consumer goods with traditional Chinese cultural elements. It also teamed up with the American fashion company Coach, helping it to produce giant bunnies on handbags as well as dresses, denim jackets and a gold White-Rabbit necklace. Tapping into a sense of nostalgia (怀旧), the collaboration gave Coach a boost in the Chinese market. 12 Looking to the future, SK-II, a Japanese skincare brand, launched a limited-edition White Rabbit face serum. Foreign markets provide an additional carrot. The candies have diversified into a whole range of flavors, including peanut, red bean, mustard and durian, and are exported to more than 50 countries. That’s a whole different rabbit hole. A．The sweets quickly gained popularity across the country. B．For a time, the sweets had trouble finding favor with customers. C．The sweet maker took the opportunity to open more shops in other cities. D．At the same time, it enabled White Rabbits to gain new followers across the Pacific. E．The company has since launched perfumes, a shower gel and hand cream. F．When this American image fell out of favor in the 1950s, da baitu, a big white rabbit, took its place. Passage 4 （2025 上海第四中学·高一下·期末） For the rest of March, a disease will sweep across the US. It will keep kids home from school. College students will ignore piles of homework. Employees will suddenly lose their ability to concentrate. The disease, known as “March Madness”, refers to the yearly 65-team US men’s college basketball tournament. 13 Teams compete against each other in a single-elimination (单局淘汰) tournament that eventually crowns a national champion. 14 The fun comes partly from guessing the winner for every game. Friends compete against bosses. Big-name schools are usually favored to advance into the tournament. But each year there are dark horses from little-known universities. This adds to the madness. Watching a team from a school with 3,000 students beat a team from a school with 30,000, for many Americans, is an exciting experience. Two years ago, the little-known George Mason University was one of the final teams. 15 College basketball players are not paid, so the game is more about making a name for their university and themselves. 16 About $4 billion will be spent gambling on the event. According to Media Life magazine, the event will bring in $500 million in advertising income this year, topping the post-season income of every US professional league, including that of the NBA． A．Nearly 20 million Americans will find themselves prisoners of basketball festival madness. B．The players will go all out for the games. C．But that doesn’t mean money isn’t involved. D．People are willing to spend more money on watching it. E．It begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April. F．Many people had never even heard of the university before the tournament. Passage 5 （2019上海二模） An opinion poll was conducted in the early 1990s to find out the cultural attitudes of residents of five countries in Western Europe (Britain, France, Italy, Spain and Germany). One thousand people, forming a representative sample of the adult population, from each of the five participating countries were interviewed. The poll assumed that literature, history, science, arts, law, economics and so on would be regarded as significant elements of culture by all participants, but it set out to examine the areas which they considered the most important forms of cultural expression. In addition, the poll required interviewees to indicate in a questionnaire the type of education they considered most appropriate for the modern world, the best channels of knowledge and arts they most valued. 17 The results of the poll show interesting differences between the participating nations in terms of which components of culture they regard as most important forms of cultural expression. For the French and Italians, literature comes well at the top of the list. 18 History occupies second place for the French, the Italians and Germans but is given very low priority by the British. For the Spanish these four areas are more or less equal, with mathematics having a slight edge. It seems that members of each country in the survey have a common definition of culture but that definition varies from country to country. 19 The French and Italians are literary peoples, the British scientific and the Germans practical and hard-working. France has the distinction, according to the results of the poll, of being the country which provokes most interest from its British. Italian and German neighbors. 20 The French also placed Italy first. Italy occupies second place for both the British and the Germans. It would seem, then, that the “literary” nations of France and Italy are more culturally exciting than the scientific British or the practical Germans! A．In contrast, mathematics is given priority by the British and economics,/politics by the  Germans. B．There are clear differences in the views of various European nations. C．The interviewees were also asked which European country they found most attractive from a cultural point of view. D．Spanish interviewees indicated more interest in Italy than in France. E．The residents of the five countries of the survey share the view that books are the best way of broadening knowledge. F．The variations tend to support the national stereotypes we have of one another. Passage 6 （2025上海交通大学附属中学） Research from Gloria Mark, a professor of informatics at the University of California, indicates that our attention spans are about one-third as long as they were in 2004, with the biggest drops happening around 2012. Long-running surveys reveal that the percentage of 18-year-olds who report difficulty thinking and concentrating has jumped markedly over the past decade. Many of these declines in cognitive skills became notable starting in the mid-2010s, exactly the period when smartphones took over the world and the digital attention economy exploded in size. An increasing amount of research implies that this timing is no coincidence. 21 . The growth of A．I. has brought new cognitive concerns. 22 . Another recent study, which tracked the brain activity of research subjects who were writing with the help of large language models, found that “brain connectivity systematically scaled down with the amount of external support.” The loss of our ability to think is a big deal. Close to 40 percent of the U.S. GDP comes from so-called knowledge and technology-intensive industries, from aerospace manufacturing to financial and information services. Companies in these fields transform advanced human thought into revenue. 23 . It is notable that productivity growth in the private business sector stagnated (停滞) during the 2010s, when technology became measurably more distracting. 24 . Thinking is what lets us make sense of information in a complicated world. As president, Abraham Lincoln used to regularly retreat to his cottage to find the solitude needed to think intensively about the decisions facing him as commander in chief. A contemporary letter from a Treasury (财政部) employee visiting Lincoln at the cottage during these years describes finding the president “reposed in a broad chair, one leg hanging over its arm. He seemed to be in deep thought.” A．A study revealed a “significant negative correlation between frequent A．I. tool usage and critical thinking abilities.” B．A reduced ability to use our brains also has worrying personal effects. C．As we weaken our brains, we also threaten to weaken our economy. D．The rise of social media platforms has led to a global decline in literacy rates. E．A meta-analysis released last fall showed that consuming short-form video content is associated with poorer cognition and reduced attention. F．A recent study in neuroscience suggests that human brains are naturally evolving to adapt to the advance of AI. Passage 7 （2025上海市新中高级中学·高一下·期末） Biological Clock When the sun rises on a warm and sunny day, you can see some flowers open up. When they close late in the afternoon, other flowers open. Biological rhythms, like the opening and closing of flowers, happen all over nature. But not all of them are daily rhythms. Some, like the beating of our hearts, happen every second. 25 Scientists use the term biological clock to describe the timing that controls biological rhythms. 26 In some animals it is probably controlled by the brain. In plants and other living things that have no brain, it must be something else. The migration of animals happens when a signal is sent out. For example, when days become shorter, birds leave the northern parts of the world and fly south where it is warm. In the summer they fly back to have babies. Humans also have biological clocks that control their daily rhythms. When people travel by plane from one continent to another, they often cross many time zones. Their internal clocks don’t seem to work correctly. We call this jet lag.   27 People who work night shifts also have problems with their biological clocks. They may not be as active as people who work during the day time. Biological clocks control many rhythms of life. 28 Doctors are looking for new ways to make traveling more comfortable and medical treatment more effective. A．But where can you find it? B．This makes them feel tired. C．Animals have a biological clock in their brains as well. D．We are learning more and more about them. E．Biological clocks can be adjusted. F．Other rhythms are based on months, seasons or years. Passage 8 （2025上海市闵行中学·高一下·期末） The professionals When it comes to fighting crime, it is science which is king. Sherlock Holmes was right to spend his time examining every footprint and strand of hair in his search for the criminal. Today, though, things have moved on and scientists have a wider range of techniques they can use. 29 If these traces of evidence can be found, they may provide the proof needed to bring the criminal to justice — that is, to take them to court. They may take the form of fingerprints, hairs, fibers (纤维) from clothing, tiny traces of chemicals, documents, bullets or parts of glass. Science is applied to crime-fighting now more than ever before. As people find new ways to cover their tracks, scientists develop new techniques for linking suspects with their crimes and proving if they are guilty or innocent. In addition, old techniques are constantly being improved so that they can be applied to smaller and smaller traces of materials. 30 A fingerprint offers definite identification of a person’s presence at the scene of a crime. However, a footprint may only suggest that someone was there. But even if an item does not offer enough proof to be used in a court of law, it can still assist the police in focusing their inquiries in a certain direction. Fingerprints have been used to help identify criminals for almost 100 years. 31 In most cases it works very well, but sometimes different methods are needed. An even more recent technique is called DNA profiling. The human body is composed of millions of microscopic cells. Each contains a unique code, the genetic code that determines what we look like and how we develop. The code takes the form of long strings of molecules called DNA, and no two people have identical DNA unless they are identical twins. 32 DNA profiling, or genetic fingerprinting, was seen as an excellent way of linking suspected criminals with their crimes. A．In that time, many new scientific research methods have been developed, although the traditional way of dusting surfaces for fingerprints is still used most of the time. B．The process of making a DNA profile may begin with a piece of clothing found at the scene of the crime. C．Not all evidence is equal in law. D．Does these evidence work well? E．A technique for reading genetic codes was developed in the 1980s. F．Modern scientists believe that it is impossible for someone to commit a crime without leaving Passage 9 （2025上海市宝山区上海交通大学附属中学·高一下·期末） Multivitamins (复合维生素) are the most common dietary supplement in the U.S. People take these pills for a variety of health reasons, but the science on what multivitamins may do for your health is mixed, and none of them are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 33 . In a randomized clinical trial involving 958 adults aged 60 or older, researchers found that taking a multivitamin-multimineral supplement for two years modestly slowed two molecular signals for aging in the body known as “epigenetic clocks.” In the people who took the supplement, the clocks’ rate of increase slowed by around 1.5 to two months per year, compared with the clocks of those who took a placebo. The findings were published on Monday in Nature Medicine. 34 . While the researchers saw an effect with two epigenetic clocks called PCPhenoAge and PCGrimAge, three other epigenetic clocks included in the study showed no statistically significant change to their speed. One of the study’s strengths is that the researchers carefully matched the characteristics of people in the vitamin group to those in the placebo group, says Zachary Clayton, an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Colorado Anschutz, who was also not involved with the research. “ 35 ,” he says. The study doesn’t take a person’s exact diet or physical activity during the two-year period into account. 36 . Still, in nutrition science, randomized clinical trials of this kind are rare. They aren’t generally required to sell supplements like multivitamins, even if the makers claim specific health benefits. A．Experts who were not involved in the new study urged caution. B．But interestingly, a new study suggests that taking a daily multivitamin could slow biological aging. C．Those factors can’t be ruled out as having an effect on biological aging, he adds. D．However, the magnitude of the observed differences was modest, and their clinical significance remains uncertain. E．In fact, recent surveys show that the popularity of multivitamins has been declining among health-conscious consumers. F．Nevertheless, the magnitude of the observed differences was negligible, and their clinical significance is completely meaningless. Passage 10 （2025上海市洋泾中学·高一下·期末） Making a Backup Plan Weakens Performance There are certainly important benefits to making backup plans. One is the psychological comfort it brings: People think, “I’m going to be Okay, even if I fail because I can then do X or Y.” Another benefit is that if you fail, you won’t keep thinking about it; you can quickly implement your backup plan. 37 . Jihae Shin of Wisconsin School of Business believes that acknowledging the costs and benefits can lead to better and more informed decision making. She gave 160 university students a sentence-unscrambling (理清句子) task and promised an energy bar to those who performed it well. Before receiving the text, half the participants were asked to think about the different ways they could obtain free food, should they fail to earn the snack. 38 . In the follow-up experiment, Shin took the same approach but offered people different rewards — an extra dollar. “We think that when achieving a goal requires work, not luck, making a backup plan can hurt performance by reducing the desire for the goal.” said professor Shin. “In the third studying which participants were asked about how much they wanted the promised reward of one dollar, those who had been asked to think through backup plans reported that they wanted the cash less than others. 39 . So they put in less effort which hurt their results. The participants in the lab studies spent less than 10 minutes, thinking about their backup plans — a tiny investment of their attention — yet it significantly affected their motivation and performance on goal pursuit. In real life when the stakes are higher, people would be expected to devote more time and energy to mapping out the detailed backup plans. As that reduces effort over a sustained period, it could result in even more significant negative effects. The practical advice from the researchers is: 40 . A．But participants asked to brainstorm other things before unscrambling sentences did just fine. B．However, the costs of making backup plans haven’t previously been examined. C．If one readily prepares for failure, he or she may be more likely to secure a better future. D．One should hold off on making back up plans until you’ve put as much effort as possible into your primary goal. E．People encouraged to think about those backup plans unscrambled significantly fewer sentences on average than people who hadn’t been asked to formulate a plan B． F．They might not have been aware of this shift in their mindset while working, but they were less motivated. Passage 11 （2026上海市浦东新区进才中学·高一下） Why Book-to-film Adaptations So Often Disappoint As Hamnet arrives on the big screen, many fans of the book may feel a familiar mix of excitement and anxiety. They may wonder how the film will bring to life Maggie O’Farrell’s personal presentation of Shakespeare’s wife, Agnes, and the loss of their son. 41 But there is also a quieter fear that the film will not look like the version already playing in our heads. For many of us, novels are not just read. They are seen. We carry their worlds in our “mind’s eye”, which is a phrase borrowed, fittingly, from Shakespeare’s Hamlet itself. When a film adaptation fails to match those private images, disappointment often follows. This is the moment when a viewer may find themselves thinking, or saying aloud, “that’s not how I pictured it”. 42 For most readers, this involves the creation of images in the mind’s eye. We picture scenes, events and characters, however vague (模糊的) or vivid these mental impressions might be. Mental visualization can form part of the pleasure of reading, immersing the reader in the novel. We rarely stop to examine these inner images or even notice that we are forming them. Often, we become aware of them only when they are disturbed and when the images on screen fail to fit with what we had imagined. 43 For those of us who do visualize as we read, however, disappointment at a film adaptation doesn’t necessarily mean failure, either of the film or of the imagination. In effect, it offers a rare chance to see how the mind’s eye works. 44 Rather than protesting “that’s not how I pictured it”, we might pause to ask why it isn’t, and what that difference reveals about what we see, and what we don’t see, when we read. A．There is the thrill of seeing a beloved story imagined on screen. B．It reminds us just how personal our connection to novels really is. C．The source of this reaction lies in how our minds work when we read. D．Such response is increasingly viewed as a threat to readers’ mental imagery. E．Readers had already mentally visualized the characters and scenes for themselves. F．It is precisely this gap that may lead to feelings of confusion and even dissatisfaction. Passage 12 （2026上海市格致中学·高一下） Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was born on May 22, 1859, in Edinburgh, as Arthur Doyle (he later used his middle name, Conan, as part of his surname) . His father, a civil servant and frustrated artist, became an alcoholic, and Arthur was sent to boarding school in England. He went on to study medicine at Edinburgh University, where one teacher, Dr. Joseph Bell, made a big impression on him. A weird character in his long coat and deerstalker hat, Bell had an unusual ability to diagnose patients purely by reasoning logically from their appearance. 45 . While waiting for patients, he wrote fiction. It was many years before his first novel was published, introducing the detective Sherlock Holmes, who was clearly based on Dr. Bell. A series of Sherlock Holmes stories followed. Doyle grew tired of writing them. 46 . So, Doyle had to bring him back to life. Doyle combined writing with a keen interest in sport; he played first class cricket and was goalkeeper for Portsmouth AFC． More surprising, given the ultra-rational character of Sherlock Holmes, was Doyle’s fascination with the supernatural. In 1893, Doyle’s father died, and his wife Louisa was given months to live. 47 . Later, during World War I, he lost several family members, and he became especially desperate to make contact with his dead son. Doyle remarried after his first wife Louisa’s death. His second wife, Jean, became a medium, and Doyle devoted all the time to giving lectures and writing about supernatural phenomena. 48 . He returned in pain and was bedridden until his death on July 7, 1930 (though shortly before he died he was found lying in the garden, clutching his heart with one hand and holding a flower in the other) . A．Conan Doyle’s first medical practice was slow to take off. B．The poor man was trying to comfort himself in these things. C．His resulting depression led Doyle to investigate spiritualism. D．But when he killed Sherlock off in one story, there was a huge public outcry. E．Despite heart problems, Conan Doyle went on a lecture tour of Europe in 1929. F．In his book, The Coming of the Fairies, he insisted that the photographs taken by two young girls, could not have been faked. Passage 13 （2026上海市建平中学·高一下） Climate Change Is the Victim of “Tragedy of the Commons” Our “commons” are those resources such as air, water, land, high-ways, fisheries, energy, and minerals upon which we all depend and for which we are all responsible. 49 In 1968 the ecologist Garrett Hardin popularized a phrase for this strange behavior. He called it “the tragedy of the commons”. For example, a group of farmers share a common piece of land on which they are each entitled to let their cows eat grass. In the example, it is in each farmer’s interest to put more cows onto the land, even if the quality of the land is temporarily or permanently damaged for overeating. 50 If all farmers make this seemingly reasonable economic decision, the common land will be damaged or even destroyed to the harm of all. Similar to Hardin’s theory is global warming crisis. One reason why it is so hard to reduce carbon emissions is that climate change occurs globally. The countries that produce the most greenhouse gas all need to take action to fix the problem. 51 According to a UN report out last month, the gap between the rising temperature and government action to cut greenhouse emissions remains large. The destructive effects of recent extreme events and extreme weather disasters also prove that our ability to adapt to a changing climate is now low, according to the report. If left unchecked, the report finds climate change will pose risks including:      52     Widespread hunger due to warming, drought and severe rains.     Damage to big cities because of inland flooding.     Extreme weather and storms, damaging some of the things we take for granted, like electricity, running water and emergency services. “We all live in an era of long-lasting climate change,” said Vicente Barros, co-chair of the group that prepared the report. “In many cases, we are not prepared for the climate-related risks that we already face.” A．Coastal flooding, which will destroy areas near the shore. B．Unfortunately, every nation wants to act in its own interest but that may not contribute to the global welfare. C．Farmers then agree to avoid hurting the balance of the grassland. D．Fewer trees, caused by deforestation and the wide use of wood as a kind of raw material. E．When it comes to our commons, we may find ourselves acting in surprisingly selfish ways. F．The farmer receives all of the benefits from every additional cow, while the damage to the land is taken by the entire group. Passage 14 （2026上海市普陀区上海市曹杨第二中学·高一下） Age Reversal Technology Our life spans (时间段) used to be relatively short. 53 Within the next 150 years, this was raised by medical advances. And fast forward to 2020 and global life expectancy is 72.6 years — higher than that in any country in 1950. As people live longer, population aging becomes a greater economic problem. It has both placed a burden on public health spending and decreased productivity of workforce. And aging is the fundamental driver behind many diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, to name just a few. One expert in population aging at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Halldór Stefánsson, explains that some serious diseases related to aging — that very few people lived long enough to experience in the past — have replaced infectious diseases as the main cause of death. 54 The amazing news is that age reversal technology will soon be a reality. On the bright side, the process of reversing aging is already possible for cells in scientific experiments. 55 In the foreseeable future, we will be able to enjoy a longer life as well. The goal is to preventively target aging — the major risk factor for a wide variety of diseases and disabilities — instead of treating one disease at a time, which is very costly. One future model projected an increase in NHS expense of £42 million year-on-year until 2031 due to the aging population. 56 That means the technology will restore our vitality and bodily function by removing the damage inevitably caused by the processes of life. A．And science has moved on to extend life spans of some animals, though not yet of humans. B．Human aging timeline is also driven by other factors. C．In the 1800s, life expectancy across the world was less than 40 years of age. D．So, the question on all our mind is — can science stop aging? E．Initially restricted to developed countries, population aging has also become a trend in the developing world. F．Age reversal technology will also increase health span — the length of time during which one is healthy. Passage 1 （2024 上海市建平中学） Why can’t we stop longing for the good old days? Why are human beings always so nostalgic (怀旧的) for past eras that seemed difficult and dangerous to those who lived through them? One possibility is that we know we survived past dangers, so they seem smaller now. 1 . Radio didn’t ruin the younger generation, but maybe the smartphone will. 2 . When were the good old days? Was it, by chance, the incredibly short period when you happened to be young? A U.S. poll found that people born in the 1930s and 1940s thought the 1950s was America’s best decade, while those born in the 1960s and 1970s preferred the 1980s. This kind of nostalgia has neurological roots. Researchers have found that we encode more memories during adolescence and early adulthood than any other period of our lives, and when we think about the past, this is the period we most often return to. Moreover, as we grow more distant from past events, we tend to remember them more positively. Obviously, some things really were better in the past. But our instinctive nostalgia for the good old days can easily deceive us, with dangerous consequences. 3 . Vaccination, steam engines, railroads and electricity all met with strong resistance when they were first introduced. The same kinds of anxieties have been expressed in our own time about innovations like the internet, video games and stem-cell research. And not all fears about the future are unfounded. New technologies do result in accidents, they disturb traditional cultures and habits, and they destroy old jobs while creating new ones. But the only way to learn how to make the best use of new technologies and reduce risks is by trial and error. 4 . A．The future won’t be perfect, but neither were the good old days. B．When a new invention is first made, its inventor has to test it through trial and error. C．Longing for the past and fear of the future discourage the experiments and innovations that drive progress. D．But we can never be certain we will solve the problems we are facing today. E．Psychologists say this kind of feeling is natural and sometimes even useful. F．Another reason is that historical nostalgia is often colored by personal nostalgia. Passage 2 （2025上海市建平中学） BMI Is Not Enough to Describe Obesity Body mass index (BMI), a rough measure of weight relative to height, is commonly used to diagnose obesity. But many experts believe it’s not the best tool. BMI tells very little about someone’s health. 5 Moreover, it was not designed to assess a diverse range of body types. It’s time for a better method. In January, a proposal by an international group of 58 health experts was published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. The experts say that doctors should either supplement or replace BMI readings with other body measurements, such as waistline, or tests that can objectively measure body fat, when diagnosing obesity. They also want to divide obesity into two categories: clinical (临床的) and preclinical. Clinical obesity is accompanied by health problems tied to excess body fat. People with preclinical obesity, however, do not have immediate weight-related health concerns. In other words, the former is an illness, while the latter is a health risk that needs to be monitored. 6 The proposal has received support from 76 medical organizations around the world. Still, it won’t be easy to put it into practice. For example, machines that can accurately measure body composition aren’t available in every doctor’s office. Besides, insurance policies are often several steps behind evolving medical practices. 7 The classification of obesity, for example, could help determine which patients would benefit from treatments like drugs and surgery. For preclinical patients, monitoring alone might be enough. The proposal could help doctors decide whether, when and how to treat patients. The medical community has debated for a long time whether obesity should be considered as a disease. While many studies have shown that obesity is associated with chronic health problems, including Type 2 diabetes (2型糖尿病) and heart disease, there is less research that concretely proves obesity to be the cause. 8 These debates prove that we need accurate methods of assessing obesity and its health impacts. A．This distinction could change how people understand obesity. B．Some obese people show no signs of chronic conditions. C．In fact, obesity has a major impact on a person’s physical, social and emotional well-being. D．Nevertheless the approach suggested in the proposal offers new hope for more effective care. E．Among other faults, the index does not distinguish between weight from fat versus muscle. F．Whichever BMI category a person falls into, it’s important to look beyond that number to get a whole picture of his health. Passage 3 （2025上海市大同中学） AI-Generated Art Is Already Transforming Creative Work For years, the conventional wisdom among Silicon Valley futurists was that artificial intelligence and automation spelled doom for blue-collar workers whose jobs involved repetitive manual labor. Truck drivers, retail cashiers and warehouse workers would all lose their jobs to robots, they said, while workers in creative fields like art, entertainment and media would be safe. Well, an unexpected thing has happened recently: 9 In the past few months, AI-based image generators like DALL-E 2, Midjourney and Stable Diffusion have made it possible for anyone to create unique, super-realistic images just by typing a few words into a text box. 10 DALL-E2, for example, has more than 1.5 million users generating more than two million images every day, while Midjourney’s official Discord server has more than three million members. It’s still too early to tell whether this new wave of apps will end up costing artists and illustrators their jobs. 11 Collin Waldoch, 29, a Brooklyn game designer, recently started using generative AI to create custom art for his online game, Tw ofer Glo ofer, which works a bit like a rhyming version of Wordle. Every day, players are given a clue, like “a set of rhythmic movements in a half-conscious state”, and are tasked with coming up with a pair of rhyming words that matches the clue. Initially, Mr. Waldoch planned to hire human artists through the gig-work platform Upwork to illustrate each day’s rhyming word pair. But when he saw the cost — between $50 and $60 per image, plus time for rounds of feedback and edits — he decided to try using AI instead. 12 Mr. Waldoch said he didn’t feel guilty about using AI instead of hiring human artists, because human artists were too expensive to make the game worthwhile. “I typed in ‘carrot parrot’, and it spit back a perfect image of a parrot made of carrots,” he said. “That was the immediate ‘aha’ moment.” A．AI has entered the creative class. B．He plugged word pairs into Midjourney and DreamStudio, an app based on Stable Diffusion, and altered the results until they looked right. C．He acknowledged that A．I. image generators had limitations. D．These apps, though new, are already popular. E．What seems clear, though, is that these tools are already being put to use in creative industries. F．These programs use what’s known as “generative AI”, a type of AI that was popularized several years ago but has since expanded into images, audio and video. Passage 4 （2025上海市育才中学） Do you have braces (牙箍)? If not, chances are that you know someone who does. Even if you don’t have braces right now, you might need them one day. Different kids feel different ways about braces. Some can’t wait to get them because they think they’re neat and know that they’ll improve their smile. 13 Many are also concerned they may be uncomfortable. It’s okay to have these worries, but kids who get braces often find they had no reason to be concerned. Braces are just tools that special dentists — called orthodontists — use to correct the arrangement and position of your teeth. 14 But braces can help straighten teeth so that they can do their job as well as possible. 15 Today, though, they’re much more advanced. The metal used to make braces nowadays is much thinner, resulting in smaller braces. Sometimes you can get braces that are clear or the same color as your teeth. They even make braces that go on the back of your teeth. With these advances, braces aren’t nearly as noticeable today as they used to be. While you have braces, it’s especially important to make sure that you take good care of your teeth. All the metal and rubber in your mouth can make it easy for food to hide in places you`d normally be able to clean easily. 16 There are special tools available that you can use to make sure your pearly whites stay pearly white! A．Not all teeth grow straight, and this is natural. B．Many kids enjoy making a fashion statement with their braces. C．Other kids worry about how braces will change how they look. D．Makes sure your teeth don’t go back to their original places. E．If you have trouble cleaning your teeth, talk to the dental specialists. F．Years ago, braces were made of thick metal that was very noticeable. Passage 5 （2026上海市曹杨第二中学） The Troubling Decline in the Global Fertility Rate By the end of this century, nearly every country may face a shrinking population. The global fertility rate has halved over the past 50 years to 2.3, falling below the replacement rate of 2.1 in most developed economies. This decline is driven by positive socio-economic trends, including increased female labor participation and education, as well as lower childhood mortality and better welfare systems. These factors have led to fewer children or delayed childbirth. 17 The impact of falling birth rates is significant. A shrinking workforce will struggle to support the healthcare and pension costs of an aging population, potentially leading to higher taxes and strained public finances. Fewer young workers may also limit innovation and productivity growth. Some propose pronatalist policies, such as tax breaks, but these often fail to address the root causes and may distort women’s choices. 18 However, even family-friendly policies in Nordic countries have not reversed the trend. Studies suggest that environmental factors may also be affecting fertility. Immigration could be a short-term solution, but it is not sustainable as developing countries also face aging populations. Ultimately, developed economies must adapt to having fewer young people. This means relying more on older workers, AI, and automation to fill the gap. 19 Traditional family structures may evolve, and communities may need to redefine their support systems for both the elderly and the young. Education systems may need to adapt to smaller student populations, while businesses may need to rethink their strategies to accommodate an aging workforce. The shift towards an older society also means that there will be increased demand for services and products tailored to the needs of older adults, potentially driving new economic opportunities in sectors such as healthcare, technology, and leisure. In conclusion, the decline in global fertility rates presents a complex challenge that requires a multifaceted approach. 20 Societies must be prepared to adapt to a new demographic reality, where older workers, technological advancements, and innovative social structures play a more significant role in sustaining economic and social development. A．While policies aimed at supporting families and reducing the costs of raising children are essential, they may not be sufficient to reverse the trend entirely. B．Instead, governments should focus on reducing barriers to parenthood, such as improving childcare support, removing tax disincentives, and enhancing parental leave entitlements. C．The economic and social forces behind declining births are unlikely to be reversed in the long term, and societies will need to adjust to an older workforce and slower population growth. D．Moreover, the decline in birth rates also has cultural and social implications. E．In developing nations, fertility rates remain above the “wanted rate,” but in advanced economics, couples often have fewer children than desired due to rising parenting costs and limited disposable income. F．Rather, developed economies need to be better prepared for a drop in younger workers. Passage 6 （2026上海市浦东区实验中学） eMedicine is here Tired of feeling "like the walking dead," Amber Young sat on her bed with tears one recent Friday night in Woodbury, Minnesota. Then she logged onto an Internet site run by an online health care company and "met" with a doctor hundreds of miles away in Texas. After talking with the physician via instant messaging and then by telephone, Young was diagnosed with an upper respiratory illness (上呼吸道疾病), "I was as suspicious as anyone about getting treated over the computer," said Young. "But I could not have been happier with the service." Experts say Internet-and telephone-based medical services are transforming health care, giving consumers access to inexpensive, round-the-clock care for routine problem — often without having to leave home or work. 21 When Arizona resident Kris Taylor, 32, was admitted to a nearby hospital's intensive-care unit (ICU), he was diagnosed with a potentially life-threatening diabetic (糖尿病的) reaction. In the "eICU," Taylor was treated by a doctor in a different city, via a two-way camera in the Patient's room. From far away, the doctor evaluated Taylor's condition and regularly communicated with him and his nurses. Taylor received medications to treat his diabetes and was out of thehospital's ICU within 48 hours. 22 Another, more extreme, case of eMedicine took place when doctors in Boston helped a physician at a South Pole Station surgically repair a patient's damaged knee. Using a "telemedicine" connection, two specialists helped South Pole physician Dr. Timothy Pollard repair the left knee of Dar Gibson, a meteorologist (气象学家) who had injured his knee in a fall. 23 That has changed in recent years thanks to the development of high-speed communications networks and the push to lower health costs. Nonetheless, some doctors and patients resist eMedicine, despite so many positive reviews from consumers who have actually used it. 24 A．The field of eMedicine developed in the 1970s as a way to deliver health care to patients in remote areas, though its growth was slow. B．Yet "eMedicine" isn't limited to non-emergency problems. C．However, not all people think eMedicine is trustworthy. · D．Those patients often say it is more convenient and less costly than traditional health care. E．Most people don't know anything about eMedicine until they encounter it. F．As a patient, Taylor was satisfied that the doctor, located miles away, checked him several times during the day and night. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 六选四（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 应用文（14篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海市甘泉外国语中学·高一下·期中） Comfort Foods Aren’t Magic — but Memory Might Be Sometimes when we eat, what we’re hungry for isn’t food — it’s the taste of memory. Studies show that foods we think of as comfort foods don’t contain any magical properties. What might be comforting is the feeling of proximity (亲近) to other people that they can evoke. 1 But what we don’t think about is that comfort foods also provide something social for us, according to Shira Gabriel, an associate professor of psychology at the State University of New York, Buffalo, who co-authored a study. It found that people like comfort foods because of their ability to make them feel that they belong. When French writer Marcel Proust bit into a cake (or perhaps a piece of toast) at his mother’s house, he was overwhelmed by a feeling of nostalgia (怀旧). Where had this “all-powerful joy” come from? 2 But it infinitely transcended (超出) those flavors, he said. In Proust’s case, the taste he experienced took him back to childhood experiences with a beloved aunt. Proust had evidently formed strong attachments to his experiences with this aunt. Gabrie’s study found that people who have strong bonds with others are more likely to use comfort foods after an argument or other emotionally stressful occasions. It probably goes back to classical conditioning (经典性条件反射), Gabriel said 3 If they’re less positive, the food might not. Comfort foods are often thought of as being rich in calories or full of sugar. Nevertheless, other studies have also shown that the line between comfort and food isn’t as clear as “junk food= happiness.” Eating so-called “junk foods” does activate the brain’s reward system, but that high is short-lived. It’s not the deep reward of real comfort. 4 The study was intended to look at how food might help keep astronauts mentally healthy on a long journey. It later found that participants’ ability to recover from watching negative movie scenes wasn’t affected by the kind of food they received afterward. The point here is probably that there’s no reason to eat comfort foods for their own sake. In other words, if you feel bad, you might as well have a salad. But there is something in the ability of comfort foods to evoke belonging and memory. Taste and smell, Proust wrote, stay fresh a long time. A．He sensed that it was connected to the taste of tea and cake. B．Comfort foods have been around as long as there have been people around to eat them. C．Thoughts about comfort foods are often linked to calories, warmth, or a sense of well-being. D．Using this knowledge can help smooth out the complicated relationship some people tend to have with food. E．If your childhood associations with comfort foods are being taken care of, your food will make you feel better. F．Regardless of whether you comfort yourself with food, one study found that “your mood will probably bounce back on its own.” 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．E 4．F 【导语】主要介绍慰藉食物并无神奇功效，其治愈力量来源于怀旧记忆与情感归属感，并结合多项研究展开论证。 1．根据空前“What might be comforting is the feeling of proximity (亲近) to other people that they can evoke.(真正带来慰藉的，是这类食物所能唤起的人与人之间的亲近感。)”以及空后“But what we don’t think about is that comfort foods also provide something social for us, according to Shira Gabriel, an associate professor of psychology at the State University of New York, Buffalo, who co-authored a study. (纽约州立大学布法罗分校心理学副教授希拉·加布里埃尔是一项研究的合著者，她认为，我们未曾想到的是，慰藉食物也能为我们带来社交层面的价值。)”可知，空后But表示转折，说明空格处应为人们对慰藉食物的常规固有认知。C选项“Thoughts about comfort foods are often linked to calories, warmth, or a sense of well-being.(人们对慰藉食物的印象，往往只和热量、温暖以及舒适感联系在一起。)”承接上文慰藉食物的安抚作用，与后文不为人知的社交意义形成转折对比，符合语境。 2．根据空前“Where had this “all-powerful joy” come from?(这种强烈的愉悦感究竟源自何处？)”以及空后“But it infinitely transcended (超出) those flavors, he said.(他表示，这种美好感受远远超越了食物本身的味道。)”可知，前文提出疑问，后文进行转折补充，空格处需要回答愉悦感与食物味道的关联。A选项“He sensed that it was connected to the taste of tea and cake.(他察觉到这份快乐与茶和蛋糕的味道息息相关。)”回应上文问题，衔接下文中those flavors的指代内容，逻辑紧密，符合语境。 3．根据空前“It probably goes back to classical conditioning (经典性条件反射), Gabriel said.(加布里埃尔称，这一切可以追溯到经典性条件反射原理。)”以及空后“If they’re less positive, the food might not.(如果这些联想不够积极，食物便无法起到安抚作用。)”可知，前后为正反并列结构，空后是消极假设，空格处应为积极条件的对应表述。E选项“If your childhood associations with comfort foods are being taken care of, your food will make you feel better.(如若童年与慰藉食物的回忆美好温暖，食物就会改善人的心情。)”贴合条件反射理论，与后文消极情况形成对照，符合语境。 4．根据空后“The study was intended to look at how food might help keep astronauts mentally healthy on a long journey.(这项研究旨在探究食物如何帮助宇航员在长途航行中维持心理健康。)”可知，后文详细介绍一项具体实验研究，空格处需要引出该研究。F选项“Regardless of whether you comfort yourself with food, one study found that “your mood will probably bounce back on its own.”(无论是否借助食物自我安抚，一项研究表明情绪大多会自行恢复。)”引出下文实验案例，总领本段内容，过渡自然，符合语境。 Passage 2 （2026 上海市杨浦区中原中学·高一下·期中） Fun Facts about Pigeons, the Most Misunderstood of All Creatures Upon seeing a flock of pigeons, many people want nothing more than to run a mile in the other direction. 5 People may be surprised to learn that these creatures have a number of fascinating characteristics that should not be overlooked. First, pigeons are highly skilled navigators (领航员). 6 Because of this ability, humans have used pigeons to their advantage for centuries. Another interesting yet not so admirable quality of pigeons is that they appear to be master procrastinators (拖延大师). Scientific studies have shown that pigeons often delay the completion of a boring or troublesome task when an immediately more convenient alternative is available. 7 Next, we come to the unpleasant topic of pigeon droppings. People in the city are used to seeing streets littered with these droppings. Although pigeon poo is seen as a problem in modern times, several centuries ago, it was actually considered a valuable resource because it helped crops grow. 8 . In addition to their navigation skills and excellent sense of hearing, they can distinguish between the letters of the Roman alphabet and tell apart human faces in photographs. So, the next time you feel disgusted upon encountering a pigeon, remember that besides carrying little disease risk, these birds are smart creatures with many wonderful abilities. A．A pigeon can find its way back to its nest after being transported more than a thousand miles away from it! B．With exceptional eyesight, pigeons can distinguish between different paintings by artists like Monet and Picasso. C．Finally, it cannot be denied that pigeons are highly intelligent creatures. D．When it comes to putting off work, maybe pigeons are just as good as humans. E．Pigeons are commonly viewed as carriers and spreaders of disease, but that’s actually not true. F．They have impressive long-term memory, able to remember complex visual patterns for years. 【答案】5．E 6．A 7．D 8．C 【导语】文章主要介绍鸽子被大众误解，列举其多种独特本领与有趣特点，纠正人们的偏见。 5．上文“Upon seeing a flock of pigeons, many people want nothing more than to run a mile in the other direction.(看到一群鸽子时，很多人只想立刻转身跑开)”说明人们对鸽子的反感态度。空后“People may be surprised to learn that these creatures have a number of fascinating characteristics that should not be overlooked.(人们可能会惊讶地发现，这些生物有许多迷人的特质不应被忽视)”说明鸽子有未被发现的优点，与前文形成转折。空处需承接大众对鸽子的负面印象，引出下文转折。选项E“Pigeons are commonly viewed as carriers and spreaders of disease, but that’s actually not true.(鸽子常被视作疾病传播者，但事实并非如此)”既呼应了前文人们对鸽子的反感，又用转折引出鸽子的真实情况，符合语境。 6．上文“First, pigeons are highly skilled navigators (领航员).(首先，鸽子是技艺高超的领航员)”点明本段核心是介绍鸽子的导航能力。空后“Because of this ability, humans have used pigeons to their advantage for centuries.(正因为这种能力，人类几个世纪以来都在利用鸽子为自己服务)”说明鸽子的导航能力对人类有用，进一步强调其导航能力出色。空处需具体举例体现鸽子的导航能力，选项A“A pigeon can find its way back to its nest after being transported more than a thousand miles away from it!(鸽子被带到千里之外也能找回巢穴)”用具体事例展现鸽子的导航本领，承接前文主旨，符合语境。 7．上文“Scientific studies have shown that pigeons often delay the completion of a boring or troublesome task when an immediately more convenient alternative is available.(科学研究表明，当有更便捷的即时选择时，鸽子通常会拖延完成枯燥或麻烦的任务)”说明鸽子有拖延的特点。空处需承接前文，进一步体现鸽子的拖延特质，与本段“鸽子是拖延大师”的核心一致。选项D“When it comes to putting off work, maybe pigeons are just as good as humans.(在拖延这件事上，鸽子或许和人类一样擅长)”直接呼应前文的拖延内容，总结鸽子的拖延特点，与前文逻辑连贯，符合语境。 8．上文介绍了鸽子的导航能力、拖延特质和粪便的历史价值，此处需开启新的段落核心。空后“In addition to their navigation skills and excellent sense of hearing, they can distinguish between the letters of the Roman alphabet and tell apart human faces in photographs.(除了导航能力和敏锐的听觉外，它们还能区分罗马字母，辨别照片中的人脸)”集中介绍鸽子的聪明才智。空处需作为本段总起句，引出鸽子高智商的特点。选项C“Finally, it cannot be denied that pigeons are highly intelligent creatures.(最后，不可否认鸽子是高智商生物)”点明本段核心是鸽子的高智商，引出下文具体能力介绍，符合语境。 Passage 3 （2025 上海市杨浦区中原中学·高一下·期中） Bunny Power: White Rabbit’s Reinvention When it comes to images of rabbits, many Chinese people would think of White Rabbit, a well-known brand of sweets. As one of the few old brands still thriving, White Rabbit has a thing or two to teach other companies about how to stay popular among consumers. China’s first domestic toffees (太妃糖) were produced in 1943 with Mickey Mouse on the wrapper. 9 The stylized blue-and-white cartoon bunny became an icon. In 1972, Zhou Enlai, then China’s premier, presented White Rabbits to Richard Nixon on his first visit to China. The fortunes of the sweet soured in the 1970s. As foreign goods flooded in, White Rabbits lost their popularity. Guan Sheng Yuan, the state-owned company that makes them, used the treat’s nutritional property as its selling point. It said seven sweets equals a glass of milk in terms of protein content. The strategy, however, didn’t work well. 10 The brand was even affected by the food safety scandals of a brand of powdered milk in 2008. However, the bunnies fought back. In 2018, the first batches of White Rabbit lip balm (润唇膏) sold out within hours. The following year, the producer teamed up with Godiva, a chocolate company, to make White Rabbit ice cream, and people queued for hours to buy the newly launched White Rabbit milk tea at a shop in Shanghai. 11 In 2021, Guan Sheng Yuan opened a shop in Shanghai selling a wide range of branded products. The rabbit has reinvented itself many times. Most recently, it has taken advantage of the trend of guo chao, which has been applied to trendy consumer goods with traditional Chinese cultural elements. It also teamed up with the American fashion company Coach, helping it to produce giant bunnies on handbags as well as dresses, denim jackets and a gold White-Rabbit necklace. Tapping into a sense of nostalgia (怀旧), the collaboration gave Coach a boost in the Chinese market. 12 Looking to the future, SK-II, a Japanese skincare brand, launched a limited-edition White Rabbit face serum. Foreign markets provide an additional carrot. The candies have diversified into a whole range of flavors, including peanut, red bean, mustard and durian, and are exported to more than 50 countries. That’s a whole different rabbit hole. A．The sweets quickly gained popularity across the country. B．For a time, the sweets had trouble finding favor with customers. C．The sweet maker took the opportunity to open more shops in other cities. D．At the same time, it enabled White Rabbits to gain new followers across the Pacific. E．The company has since launched perfumes, a shower gel and hand cream. F．When this American image fell out of favor in the 1950s, da baitu, a big white rabbit, took its place. 【答案】9．F 10．B 11．E 12．D 【导语】文章主要介绍了大白兔奶糖从诞生、兴衰到通过跨界合作与国潮趋势重塑品牌，走向国际市场的发展历程。 9．根据前文“China’s first domestic toffees were produced in 1943 with Mickey Mouse on the wrapper.(中国第一批国产太妃糖于1943年生产，包装上印有米老鼠。)” 及后文“The stylized blue-and-white cartoon bunny became an icon.(这个风格化的蓝白相间的卡通兔子成为了一个标志。)”可知，空处需衔接“米老鼠图案”到“大白兔图案”的转变；选项F“When this American image fell out of favor in the 1950s, da baitu, a big white rabbit, took its place.(20世纪50年代，当这个美国形象不再受欢迎时，大白兔取而代之。)” 符合上下文逻辑。 10．根据前文“The strategy, however, didn’t work well.(然而，这个策略效果并不好。)”及后文“The brand was even affected by the food safety scandals of a brand of powdered milk in 2008.(该品牌甚至在2008年受到某奶粉品牌食品安全丑闻的影响。)” 可知，空处需承接“策略失效”，说明品牌面临的困境；选项B“For a time, the sweets had trouble finding favor with customers.(一时间，这种糖果难以获得顾客的青睐。)”符合语境。 11．根据前文“In 2018, the first batches of White Rabbit lip balm sold out within hours. The following year, the producer teamed up with Godiva, a chocolate company, to make White Rabbit ice cream, and people queued for hours to buy the newly launched White Rabbit milk tea at a shop in Shanghai.(2018年，首批大白兔润唇膏在数小时内便销售一空。次年，品牌生产商与巧克力品牌歌帝梵合作，推出了大白兔冰淇淋；上海一家门店上新大白兔奶茶后，人们排队数小时争相购买。)” 及后文“In 2021, Guan Sheng Yuan opened a shop in Shanghai selling a wide range of branded products.(2021年，冠生园在上海开了一家店，销售各类品牌产品。)”可知，空处需衔接“跨界产品热销”，说明品牌拓展的具体表现；选项E“The company has since launched perfumes, a shower gel and hand cream.(此后，该公司推出了香水、沐浴露和护手霜。)”符合上下文逻辑。 12．根据前文“It also teamed up with the American fashion company Coach, helping it to produce giant bunnies on handbags as well as dresses, denim jackets and a gold White-Rabbit necklace. Tapping into a sense of nostalgia, the collaboration gave Coach a boost in the Chinese market.(它还与美国时尚公司蔻驰合作，在手提包、连衣裙、牛仔夹克和大白兔金项链上制作巨型兔子图案。利用怀旧情结，这次合作推动了蔻驰在中国市场的发展。)”可知，空处需承接“与美国品牌合作的影响”，说明对大白兔品牌的反向作用；选项D“At the same time, it enabled White Rabbits to gain new followers across the Pacific.(同时，它让大白兔在太平洋彼岸获得了新的追随者。)” 符合语境。 Passage 4 （2025 上海第四中学·高一下·期末） For the rest of March, a disease will sweep across the US. It will keep kids home from school. College students will ignore piles of homework. Employees will suddenly lose their ability to concentrate. The disease, known as “March Madness”, refers to the yearly 65-team US men’s college basketball tournament. 13 Teams compete against each other in a single-elimination (单局淘汰) tournament that eventually crowns a national champion. 14 The fun comes partly from guessing the winner for every game. Friends compete against bosses. Big-name schools are usually favored to advance into the tournament. But each year there are dark horses from little-known universities. This adds to the madness. Watching a team from a school with 3,000 students beat a team from a school with 30,000, for many Americans, is an exciting experience. Two years ago, the little-known George Mason University was one of the final teams. 15 College basketball players are not paid, so the game is more about making a name for their university and themselves. 16 About $4 billion will be spent gambling on the event. According to Media Life magazine, the event will bring in $500 million in advertising income this year, topping the post-season income of every US professional league, including that of the NBA． A．Nearly 20 million Americans will find themselves prisoners of basketball festival madness. B．The players will go all out for the games. C．But that doesn’t mean money isn’t involved. D．People are willing to spend more money on watching it. E．It begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April. F．Many people had never even heard of the university before the tournament. 【答案】13．E 14．A 15．F 16．C 【导语】文章介绍了美国“疯狂三月”大学篮球锦标赛的狂热现象，包括其赛制、民众参与度、黑马球队的戏剧性以及赛事背后庞大的经济利益。 13．上文“The disease, known as “March Madness”, refers to the yearly 65-team US men’s college basketball tournament. (这种疾病被称为“疯狂三月”，指的是每年65支球队参加的美国男子大学篮球锦标赛。)”介绍“疯狂三月”实际上是一场篮球赛事，下文“Teams compete against each other in a single-elimination (单局淘汰) tournament that eventually crowns a national champion. (各队在一场单淘汰式的比赛中相互竞争，最终决出全国冠军。)”说明赛事采用单败淘汰制决出冠军。因此E项“It begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April. (它从3月15日开始，一直持续到4月初。)”符合语境，补充赛事的时间信息，与上下文同属赛事的基本信息，其中的It指代上文的March Madness。 14．上文“Teams compete against each other in a single-elimination (单局淘汰) tournament that eventually crowns a national champion. (各队在一场单淘汰式的比赛中相互竞争，最终决出全国冠军。)”说明赛事机制，下文“The fun comes partly from guessing the winner for every game. Friends compete against bosses. (乐趣的一部分来自猜测每场比赛的获胜者。朋友们与老板们展开竞争。)”解释观众的乐趣来源，此处宜转入对人们参与情况的描述。因此A项“Nearly 20 million Americans will find themselves prisoners of basketball festival madness. (将近2000万美国人将会陷入篮球赛事的狂热之中而无法自拔。)”符合语境，是对人们沉浸其中的具体描述，引出下文。 15．上文“But each year there are dark horses from little-known universities. This adds to the madness. (但每年总会有一些来自不知名大学的黑马脱颖而出。这就更加疯狂了。)”和“Two years ago, the little-known George Mason University was one of the final teams. (两年前，鲜为人知的乔治梅森大学是决赛队伍之一。)”以乔治梅森大学为例，说明不知名学校成为黑马，此处宜进一步强调该校的“不知名”以呼应“黑马”的意外性。因此F项“Many people had never even heard of the university before the tournament. (在比赛开始之前，很多人根本都没听说过这所大学。)”符合语境，与上文的little-known对应，加强黑马队伍的戏剧效果。 16．上文“College basketball players are not paid, so the game is more about making a name for their university and themselves. (大学篮球运动员是没有报酬的，所以比赛更多的是为了让他们的大学和他们自己出名。)”指出大学生球员不为金钱比赛，下文“About $4 billion will be spent gambling on the event. According to Media Life magazine, the event will bring in $500 million in advertising income this year (大约40亿美元将用于赌球。据《媒体生活》杂志报道，该活动今年将带来5亿美元的广告收入)”提到赌球金额和广告收入巨大，此处需要转折，引出赛事涉及巨额资金。因此C项“But that doesn’t mean money isn’t involved. (但这并不意味着不涉及金钱。)”符合语境，衔接前后语义转折，且引出下文金钱数据。 Passage 5 （2019上海二模） An opinion poll was conducted in the early 1990s to find out the cultural attitudes of residents of five countries in Western Europe (Britain, France, Italy, Spain and Germany). One thousand people, forming a representative sample of the adult population, from each of the five participating countries were interviewed. The poll assumed that literature, history, science, arts, law, economics and so on would be regarded as significant elements of culture by all participants, but it set out to examine the areas which they considered the most important forms of cultural expression. In addition, the poll required interviewees to indicate in a questionnaire the type of education they considered most appropriate for the modern world, the best channels of knowledge and arts they most valued. 17 The results of the poll show interesting differences between the participating nations in terms of which components of culture they regard as most important forms of cultural expression. For the French and Italians, literature comes well at the top of the list. 18 History occupies second place for the French, the Italians and Germans but is given very low priority by the British. For the Spanish these four areas are more or less equal, with mathematics having a slight edge. It seems that members of each country in the survey have a common definition of culture but that definition varies from country to country. 19 The French and Italians are literary peoples, the British scientific and the Germans practical and hard-working. France has the distinction, according to the results of the poll, of being the country which provokes most interest from its British. Italian and German neighbors. 20 The French also placed Italy first. Italy occupies second place for both the British and the Germans. It would seem, then, that the “literary” nations of France and Italy are more culturally exciting than the scientific British or the practical Germans! A．In contrast, mathematics is given priority by the British and economics,/politics by the  Germans. B．There are clear differences in the views of various European nations. C．The interviewees were also asked which European country they found most attractive from a cultural point of view. D．Spanish interviewees indicated more interest in Italy than in France. E．The residents of the five countries of the survey share the view that books are the best way of broadening knowledge. F．The variations tend to support the national stereotypes we have of one another. 【答案】17．C 18．A 19．F 20．D 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个关于西欧五个国家(英国、法国、意大利、西班牙和德国)居民的文化态度的民意调查。 【详解】17．根据空前的“In addition, the poll required interviewees to indicate in a questionnaire the type of education they considered most appropriate for the modern world, the best channels of knowledge and arts they most valued.”可知，此外，调查要求受访者在问卷中指出他们认为最适合现代世界的教育类型、他们最重视的知识和艺术的最佳渠道，此处承接上文，讲的还是受访者被要求回答的问题，故C项（受访者还被问及，从文化角度看，他们认为哪个欧洲国家最具吸引力）符合语境。 18．本空前说对于法国人和意大利人来说，文学是最好的选择，空后又说法国人、意大利人和德国人把历史排在第二位，但英国人对历史的重视程度很低，此处应该介绍其他学科的情况，故A项（相比之下，数学被英国人优先考虑，经济学/政治学被德国人优先考虑）符合语境。 19．根据本空前的“It seems that members of each country in the survey have a common definition of culture but that definition varies from country to country.”可知，调查中每个国家的人似乎对文化都有一个共同的定义，但这个定义因国家而异，此处承接上文，讲的是这种文化差异带来的影响，故F项（这些差异往往支持我们对彼此的国家刻板印象）符合语境。 20．根据空后的“The French also placed Italy first.”可知，法国也把意大利排在第一位，此处应该提到一种对意大利更感兴趣的情况，故D项（西班牙受访者对意大利的兴趣高于法国）符合语境。 【点睛】在六选四的解题过程中，一定要注意选项和上下文中出现的表示转折、并列或递进关系的词语，这些关联词往往是重要线索，例如本篇第4题，根据空后的“The French also placed Italy first.”可知，法国也把意大利排在第一位，“also”一词表明此处应该提到一种与后面并列的情况，即：对意大利更感兴趣，故D项（西班牙受访者对意大利的兴趣高于法国）符合语境。 Passage 6 （2025上海交通大学附属中学） Research from Gloria Mark, a professor of informatics at the University of California, indicates that our attention spans are about one-third as long as they were in 2004, with the biggest drops happening around 2012. Long-running surveys reveal that the percentage of 18-year-olds who report difficulty thinking and concentrating has jumped markedly over the past decade. Many of these declines in cognitive skills became notable starting in the mid-2010s, exactly the period when smartphones took over the world and the digital attention economy exploded in size. An increasing amount of research implies that this timing is no coincidence. 21 . The growth of A．I. has brought new cognitive concerns. 22 . Another recent study, which tracked the brain activity of research subjects who were writing with the help of large language models, found that “brain connectivity systematically scaled down with the amount of external support.” The loss of our ability to think is a big deal. Close to 40 percent of the U.S. GDP comes from so-called knowledge and technology-intensive industries, from aerospace manufacturing to financial and information services. Companies in these fields transform advanced human thought into revenue. 23 . It is notable that productivity growth in the private business sector stagnated (停滞) during the 2010s, when technology became measurably more distracting. 24 . Thinking is what lets us make sense of information in a complicated world. As president, Abraham Lincoln used to regularly retreat to his cottage to find the solitude needed to think intensively about the decisions facing him as commander in chief. A contemporary letter from a Treasury (财政部) employee visiting Lincoln at the cottage during these years describes finding the president “reposed in a broad chair, one leg hanging over its arm. He seemed to be in deep thought.” A．A study revealed a “significant negative correlation between frequent A．I. tool usage and critical thinking abilities.” B．A reduced ability to use our brains also has worrying personal effects. C．As we weaken our brains, we also threaten to weaken our economy. D．The rise of social media platforms has led to a global decline in literacy rates. E．A meta-analysis released last fall showed that consuming short-form video content is associated with poorer cognition and reduced attention. F．A recent study in neuroscience suggests that human brains are naturally evolving to adapt to the advance of AI. 【答案】21．E 22．A 23．C 24．B 【导语】本文讲述智能手机、短视频、人工智能的普及导致人类注意力、认知能力下降，并从经济、个人影响方面阐述这一问题的严重性，强调深度思考的重要性。 【详解】21．前文“Many of these declines in cognitive skills became notable starting in the mid-2010s, exactly the period when smartphones took over the world and the digital attention economy exploded in size.(认知能力下降在 2010 年代中期开始显著，恰逢智能手机普及、数字注意力经济爆发)”指出认知下降与数字时代到来有关。后文无直接衔接，空处需给出相关研究佐证。E项 “去年秋天一项元分析显示，观看短视频内容与认知能力变差、注意力下降相关”符合。 22．前文“The growth of A.I. has brought new cognitive concerns.(人工智能发展带来新的认知担忧)”引出 AI 与认知的关联。后文“Another recent study, which tracked the brain activity of research subjects who were writing with the help of large language models, found that “brain connectivity systematically scaled down with the amount of external support.”(另一项近期研究跟踪了借助大型语言模型写作的受试者的大脑活动，发现：“外部辅助越多，大脑连通性就会系统性地减弱。”)”列举一项研究来说明 AI 影响。空处需填 AI 影响认知的研究。A项“一项研究表明，频繁使用 AI 工具与批判性思维能力呈显著负相关”符合，与“Another”形成顺承关系。 23．前文“Close to 40 percent of the U.S. GDP comes from so-called knowledge and technology-intensive industries, from aerospace manufacturing to financial and information services. Companies in these fields transform advanced human thought into revenue.(美国近 40% 的国内生产总值（GDP）来自所谓的知识与技术密集型产业，涵盖航空航天制造、金融及信息服务等领域。这些行业的企业将人类的高端思维能力转化为经济效益。)”讲思维能力对经济的重要性。后文“It is notable that productivity growth in the private business sector stagnated during the 2010s...(2010 年代私营部门生产率增长停滞)”讲经济受影响。空处需衔接思维弱化与经济的关系。C项“大脑能力弱化，经济也会受威胁”符合。 24．后文“Thinking is what lets us make sense of information in a complicated world.(思考让我们在复杂世界理解信息)”及林肯的个人事例，强调思考对个人的意义。空处需引出个人层面影响。B项“大脑使用能力下降也会带来令人担忧的个人影响”符合。 Passage 7 （2025上海市新中高级中学·高一下·期末） Biological Clock When the sun rises on a warm and sunny day, you can see some flowers open up. When they close late in the afternoon, other flowers open. Biological rhythms, like the opening and closing of flowers, happen all over nature. But not all of them are daily rhythms. Some, like the beating of our hearts, happen every second. 25 Scientists use the term biological clock to describe the timing that controls biological rhythms. 26 In some animals it is probably controlled by the brain. In plants and other living things that have no brain, it must be something else. The migration of animals happens when a signal is sent out. For example, when days become shorter, birds leave the northern parts of the world and fly south where it is warm. In the summer they fly back to have babies. Humans also have biological clocks that control their daily rhythms. When people travel by plane from one continent to another, they often cross many time zones. Their internal clocks don’t seem to work correctly. We call this jet lag.   27 People who work night shifts also have problems with their biological clocks. They may not be as active as people who work during the day time. Biological clocks control many rhythms of life. 28 Doctors are looking for new ways to make traveling more comfortable and medical treatment more effective. A．But where can you find it? B．This makes them feel tired. C．Animals have a biological clock in their brains as well. D．We are learning more and more about them. E．Biological clocks can be adjusted. F．Other rhythms are based on months, seasons or years. 【答案】25．F 26．A 27．B 28．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了生物钟如何控制自然界和生物体的各种生物节律，以及科学家对其的研究和探索。 25．由上文“But not all of them are daily rhythms. Some, like the beating of our hearts, happen every second.(但并非所有这些都是日常节律。有些，比如我们的心跳，每秒都在跳动。)”可知，本空需列举其他类型的生物节律以形成对比，F选项“Other rhythms are based on months, seasons or years.(其他的节律是基于月份、季节或年份的。)”介绍了其他类型的生物节律，符合语境，故选F。 26．由上文“Scientists use the term biological clock to describe the timing that controls biological rhythms.(科学家们用生物钟一词来描述控制生物节律的时间。)”和下文“In some animals it is probably controlled by the brain. In plants and other living things that have no brain, it must be something else.(在一些动物中，它可能由大脑控制。在植物和其他没有大脑的生物中，它一定是其他的东西。)”可知，空格处应提出与生物钟位置相关的疑问，以引出下文对其位置的探讨，A选项“But where can you find it?(但是你在哪里能找到它呢?)”能引出下文，符合语境，故选A。 27．由上文“When people travel by plane from one continent to another, they often cross many time zones. Their internal clocks don’t seem to work correctly. We call this jet lag.(当人们乘飞机从一个大陆到另一个大陆时，他们经常会穿越多个时区。他们的生物钟似乎不正常了。我们称之为时差反应。)”可知，本空需说明时差反应带来的结果，B选项“This makes them feel tired.(这让他们感到很累。)”解释了时差带来的具体影响，符合语境，故选B。 28．由下文“Doctors are looking for new ways to make traveling more comfortable and medical treatment more effective.(医生们正在寻找新的方法，让旅行更舒适，让医疗更有效。)”可知，空格处应体现人类对生物钟的认知和研究进程，D选项“We are learning more and more about them.(我们对它们的了解越来越多。)”引出下文对生物钟研究的讨论，符合语境，故选D。 Passage 8 （2025上海市闵行中学·高一下·期末） The professionals When it comes to fighting crime, it is science which is king. Sherlock Holmes was right to spend his time examining every footprint and strand of hair in his search for the criminal. Today, though, things have moved on and scientists have a wider range of techniques they can use. 29 If these traces of evidence can be found, they may provide the proof needed to bring the criminal to justice — that is, to take them to court. They may take the form of fingerprints, hairs, fibers (纤维) from clothing, tiny traces of chemicals, documents, bullets or parts of glass. Science is applied to crime-fighting now more than ever before. As people find new ways to cover their tracks, scientists develop new techniques for linking suspects with their crimes and proving if they are guilty or innocent. In addition, old techniques are constantly being improved so that they can be applied to smaller and smaller traces of materials. 30 A fingerprint offers definite identification of a person’s presence at the scene of a crime. However, a footprint may only suggest that someone was there. But even if an item does not offer enough proof to be used in a court of law, it can still assist the police in focusing their inquiries in a certain direction. Fingerprints have been used to help identify criminals for almost 100 years. 31 In most cases it works very well, but sometimes different methods are needed. An even more recent technique is called DNA profiling. The human body is composed of millions of microscopic cells. Each contains a unique code, the genetic code that determines what we look like and how we develop. The code takes the form of long strings of molecules called DNA, and no two people have identical DNA unless they are identical twins. 32 DNA profiling, or genetic fingerprinting, was seen as an excellent way of linking suspected criminals with their crimes. A．In that time, many new scientific research methods have been developed, although the traditional way of dusting surfaces for fingerprints is still used most of the time. B．The process of making a DNA profile may begin with a piece of clothing found at the scene of the crime. C．Not all evidence is equal in law. D．Does these evidence work well? E．A technique for reading genetic codes was developed in the 1980s. F．Modern scientists believe that it is impossible for someone to commit a crime without leaving 【答案】29．F 30．C 31．A 32．E 【导语】文章主要讲述了现代科学技术在打击犯罪中的关键作用，以及指纹和DNA等技术手段的应用。 【详解】29．由上文“Today, though, things have moved on and scientists have a wider range of techniques they can use.(然而如今时代进步了，科学家拥有更多可使用的技术手段。)”及下文“If these traces of evidence can be found, they may provide the proof needed to bring the criminal to justice — that is, to take them to court.(如果能找到这些痕迹证据，就可以为惩治罪犯、将其送上法庭提供依据。)”可知，上文引出现代刑侦科学技术，下文介绍犯罪痕迹证据，本空需要衔接“犯罪必留痕迹”这一核心观点，引出后文各类物证。F选项“现代科学家认为，没有人犯罪可以不留下任何痕迹。”可承上启下，符合语境。 30．由下文“A fingerprint offers definite identification of a person’s presence at the scene of a crime. However, a footprint may only suggest that someone was there.(指纹可以确凿证明某人出现在犯罪现场，但脚印仅能表明有人来过此处。)”可知，下文对比了不同证据的法律效力强弱，本空总起说明所有证据在法律上的效力并不相同。C选项“并非所有证据在法律上都具有同等效力。”可总领本段，符合语境。 31．由上文“Fingerprints have been used to help identify criminals for almost 100 years.(指纹用于识别罪犯已有近百年历史。)”可知，上文介绍指纹技术历史悠久，本空承接上文百年发展，介绍新旧技术并存的现状。A选项“In that time, many new scientific research methods have been developed, although the traditional way of dusting surfaces for fingerprints is still used most of the time.(在这段时间里，许多新的科研技术应运而生，但传统的指纹采集方式仍被广泛使用。)”可承接上文，符合语境。 32．由上文“no two people have identical DNA unless they are identical twins.(除同卵双胞胎外，没有人的DNA完全相同。)”及下文“DNA profiling, or genetic fingerprinting, was seen as an excellent way of linking suspected criminals with their crimes.(DNA图谱技术是关联罪犯与犯罪行为的绝佳方式。)”可知，上文介绍了DNA的独特性，下文直接讲DNA图谱的应用，本空应说明DNA读取技术的出现。E选项“一项读取基因密码的技术在20世纪80年代被研发出来。”可承上启下，符合语境。 Passage 9 （2025上海市宝山区上海交通大学附属中学·高一下·期末） Multivitamins (复合维生素) are the most common dietary supplement in the U.S. People take these pills for a variety of health reasons, but the science on what multivitamins may do for your health is mixed, and none of them are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 33 . In a randomized clinical trial involving 958 adults aged 60 or older, researchers found that taking a multivitamin-multimineral supplement for two years modestly slowed two molecular signals for aging in the body known as “epigenetic clocks.” In the people who took the supplement, the clocks’ rate of increase slowed by around 1.5 to two months per year, compared with the clocks of those who took a placebo. The findings were published on Monday in Nature Medicine. 34 . While the researchers saw an effect with two epigenetic clocks called PCPhenoAge and PCGrimAge, three other epigenetic clocks included in the study showed no statistically significant change to their speed. One of the study’s strengths is that the researchers carefully matched the characteristics of people in the vitamin group to those in the placebo group, says Zachary Clayton, an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Colorado Anschutz, who was also not involved with the research. “ 35 ,” he says. The study doesn’t take a person’s exact diet or physical activity during the two-year period into account. 36 . Still, in nutrition science, randomized clinical trials of this kind are rare. They aren’t generally required to sell supplements like multivitamins, even if the makers claim specific health benefits. A．Experts who were not involved in the new study urged caution. B．But interestingly, a new study suggests that taking a daily multivitamin could slow biological aging. C．Those factors can’t be ruled out as having an effect on biological aging, he adds. D．However, the magnitude of the observed differences was modest, and their clinical significance remains uncertain. E．In fact, recent surveys show that the popularity of multivitamins has been declining among health-conscious consumers. F．Nevertheless, the magnitude of the observed differences was negligible, and their clinical significance is completely meaningless. 【答案】33．B 34．A 35．D 36．C 【导语】文章主要介绍了美国常见的复合维生素功效尚无定论，一项新研究发现它或可延缓生物衰老，但多位专家指出研究存在局限，呼吁谨慎看待该结论。 33．上文“Multivitamins (复合维生素) are the most common dietary supplement in the U.S. People take these pills for a variety of health reasons, but the science on what multivitamins may do for your health is mixed, and none of them are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (复合维生素是美国最常见的膳食补充剂。人们服用这些药片是为了各种健康原因，但关于复合维生素对健康可能产生的作用的科学研究结果并不一致，而且它们均未获得美国食品药品监督管理局的批准。)”铺垫“复合维生素功效缺乏统一科学定论，也未获官方批准”的负面背景，后文“In a randomized clinical trial involving 958 adults aged 60 or older (在一项涉及 958 名 60 岁及以上成年人的随机临床试验中)”直接展开一项关于复合维生素的新临床试验。B选项“But interestingly, a new study suggests that taking a daily multivitamin could slow biological aging. (但有趣的是，一项新的研究表明，每天服用复合维生素可能会减缓生物衰老。)”以But转折，精准引出“每日服用复合维生素或可减缓生物衰老”的核心研究结论，完美衔接背景与下文实验内容。 34．下文“While the researchers saw an effect with two epigenetic clocks called PCPhenoAge and PCGrimAge, three other epigenetic clocks included in the study showed no statistically significant change to their speed. (虽然研究人员在名为 PCPhenoAge 和 PCGrimAge 的两个表观遗传时钟上看到了效果，但研究中包含的另外三个表观遗传时钟在速度上并未显示出统计学上的显著变化。)”讲的是仅两项衰老指标有改善，其余三项均无明显变化，说明研究结果存在局限。A选项“Experts who were not involved in the new study urged caution. (未参与此次新研究的专家们呼吁谨慎对待。)”作为总起观点，先宏观提示理性看待结论，再用后文具体数据佐证“效果有限”，逻辑层级合理。 35．上文“One of the study’s strengths is that the researchers carefully matched the characteristics of people in the vitamin group to those in the placebo group, says Zachary Clayton, an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Colorado Anschutz, who was also not involved with the research. (研究的一个优势在于，研究人员仔细地将服用维生素组人员的特征与服用安慰剂组人员的特征进行了匹配，科罗拉多大学安肖特分校的医学助理教授扎卡里·克莱顿如是说道，他本人并未参与此项研究。)”专家先客观肯定研究的优点（两组受试者特征匹配严谨）；空格处在专家的直接引语（引号内）中，需要用However转折，说出专家“呼吁谨慎”的具体理由：观测到的效果幅度很小，其临床意义尚不明确。D选项“However, the magnitude of the observed differences was modest, and their clinical significance remains uncertain. (然而，观察到的差异的幅度不大，其临床意义仍不确定。)”语气客观辩证，承接专家评价，先扬后抑，符合科普文严谨表达。 36．上文“The study doesn’t take a person’s exact diet or physical activity during the two-year period into account. (该研究并未考虑参与者在两年期间的具体饮食或身体活动情况。)”指出研究的缺陷“未考虑研究期间的饮食和运动情况”。C选项“Those factors can’t be ruled out as having an effect on biological aging, he adds. (他补充道，这些因素不能被排除，认为它们会对生物衰老产生影响。)”中Those factors精准指代前文的“饮食和身体活动”，he adds与前文he says形成连贯的专家发言，逻辑闭环。 Passage 10 （2025上海市洋泾中学·高一下·期末） Making a Backup Plan Weakens Performance There are certainly important benefits to making backup plans. One is the psychological comfort it brings: People think, “I’m going to be Okay, even if I fail because I can then do X or Y.” Another benefit is that if you fail, you won’t keep thinking about it; you can quickly implement your backup plan. 37 . Jihae Shin of Wisconsin School of Business believes that acknowledging the costs and benefits can lead to better and more informed decision making. She gave 160 university students a sentence-unscrambling (理清句子) task and promised an energy bar to those who performed it well. Before receiving the text, half the participants were asked to think about the different ways they could obtain free food, should they fail to earn the snack. 38 . In the follow-up experiment, Shin took the same approach but offered people different rewards — an extra dollar. “We think that when achieving a goal requires work, not luck, making a backup plan can hurt performance by reducing the desire for the goal.” said professor Shin. “In the third studying which participants were asked about how much they wanted the promised reward of one dollar, those who had been asked to think through backup plans reported that they wanted the cash less than others. 39 . So they put in less effort which hurt their results. The participants in the lab studies spent less than 10 minutes, thinking about their backup plans — a tiny investment of their attention — yet it significantly affected their motivation and performance on goal pursuit. In real life when the stakes are higher, people would be expected to devote more time and energy to mapping out the detailed backup plans. As that reduces effort over a sustained period, it could result in even more significant negative effects. The practical advice from the researchers is: 40 . A．But participants asked to brainstorm other things before unscrambling sentences did just fine. B．However, the costs of making backup plans haven’t previously been examined. C．If one readily prepares for failure, he or she may be more likely to secure a better future. D．One should hold off on making back up plans until you’ve put as much effort as possible into your primary goal. E．People encouraged to think about those backup plans unscrambled significantly fewer sentences on average than people who hadn’t been asked to formulate a plan B． F．They might not have been aware of this shift in their mindset while working, but they were less motivated. 【答案】37．B 38．E 39．F 40．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍制定备用计划会降低行动动力与表现，并解释其原因，同时给出相关实践建议。 37．根据前文“There are certainly important benefits to making backup plans. One is the psychological comfort it brings: People think, “I’m going to be Okay, even if I fail because I can then do X or Y.” Another benefit is that if you fail, you won’t keep thinking about it; you can quickly implement your backup plan. (制定备用计划当然有重要的好处。一是它带来的心理安慰：人们会想，“即使我失败了也没关系，因为我还可以做X或Y。”另一个好处是，如果你失败了，你不会一直纠结于此，而是可以迅速执行你的备用计划。)”以及后文“Jihae Shin of Wisconsin School of Business believes that acknowledging the costs and benefits can lead to better and more informed decision making. (威斯康星商学院的申智惠认为，认清成本和收益有助于做出更明智、更有依据的决策。)”可知，前文只讲述了制定备用计划的好处，后文提出要认清其成本与收益，B选项“However, the costs of making backup plans haven’t previously been examined. (然而，制定备用计划的代价此前并未被研究过。)”与前文形成转折，同时引出后文对成本的探讨，符合语境。故选B项。 38．根据前文“She gave 160 university students a sentence-unscrambling (理清句子) task and promised an energy bar to those who performed it well. Before receiving the text, half the participants were asked to think about the different ways they could obtain free food, should they fail to earn the snack.  (她让160名大学生完成一项句子整理任务，并承诺表现出色的人可以获得一根能量棒。在拿到文本之前，一半参与者被要求思考，如果没能赢得零食，他们可以通过哪些不同方式获得免费食物。)”可知，前文介绍了实验的设计，E选项“People encouraged to think about those backup plans unscrambled significantly fewer sentences on average than people who hadn’t been asked to formulate a plan B. (被鼓励思考备用计划的人，平均整理出的句子数量明显少于没有被要求制定备选方案的人。)”呈现了该实验的结果，与前文内容衔接，符合语境。故选E项。 39．根据前文“In the third studying which participants were asked about how much they wanted the promised reward of one dollar, those who had been asked to think through backup plans reported that they wanted the cash less than others. (在第三项研究中，参与者被问及他们有多想要承诺的一美元奖励，那些被要求思考备用计划的人表示，他们对这笔钱的渴望程度低于其他人。)”以及后文“So they put in less effort which hurt their results. (所以他们付出的努力更少，进而影响了最终结果。)”可知，前文说明有备用计划的人对奖励渴望更低，后文说明其带来的结果，F选项“They might not have been aware of this shift in their mindset while working, but they were less motivated. (他们在执行任务时可能没有意识到自己心态的这种变化，但他们的积极性确实降低了。)”解释了实验现象背后的原因，衔接前后文，符合语境。故选F项。 40．根据前文“The practical advice from the researchers is: (研究人员给出的实用建议是：)”可知，此空需要填入具体的建议内容，D选项“One should hold off on making back up plans until you’ve put as much effort as possible into your primary goal. (在为主要目标付出尽可能多的努力之前，不要急于制定备用计划。)”给出了明确的行动建议，符合语境。故选D项。 Passage 11 （2026上海市浦东新区进才中学·高一下） Why Book-to-film Adaptations So Often Disappoint As Hamnet arrives on the big screen, many fans of the book may feel a familiar mix of excitement and anxiety. They may wonder how the film will bring to life Maggie O’Farrell’s personal presentation of Shakespeare’s wife, Agnes, and the loss of their son. 41 But there is also a quieter fear that the film will not look like the version already playing in our heads. For many of us, novels are not just read. They are seen. We carry their worlds in our “mind’s eye”, which is a phrase borrowed, fittingly, from Shakespeare’s Hamlet itself. When a film adaptation fails to match those private images, disappointment often follows. This is the moment when a viewer may find themselves thinking, or saying aloud, “that’s not how I pictured it”. 42 For most readers, this involves the creation of images in the mind’s eye. We picture scenes, events and characters, however vague (模糊的) or vivid these mental impressions might be. Mental visualization can form part of the pleasure of reading, immersing the reader in the novel. We rarely stop to examine these inner images or even notice that we are forming them. Often, we become aware of them only when they are disturbed and when the images on screen fail to fit with what we had imagined. 43 For those of us who do visualize as we read, however, disappointment at a film adaptation doesn’t necessarily mean failure, either of the film or of the imagination. In effect, it offers a rare chance to see how the mind’s eye works. 44 Rather than protesting “that’s not how I pictured it”, we might pause to ask why it isn’t, and what that difference reveals about what we see, and what we don’t see, when we read. A．There is the thrill of seeing a beloved story imagined on screen. B．It reminds us just how personal our connection to novels really is. C．The source of this reaction lies in how our minds work when we read. D．Such response is increasingly viewed as a threat to readers’ mental imagery. E．Readers had already mentally visualized the characters and scenes for themselves. F．It is precisely this gap that may lead to feelings of confusion and even dissatisfaction. 【答案】41．A 42．C 43．F 44．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了书改电影让人失望的原因，与读者的心理意象有关。 41．上文“As Hamnet arrives on the big screen, many fans of the book may feel a familiar mix of excitement and anxiety.(当《哈姆内特》被搬上大银幕时，很多书迷都有种熟悉的兴奋与焦虑交织的感受)”说明粉丝的复杂情绪。空后“But there is also a quieter fear that the film will not look like the version already playing in our heads.(但也有一种更隐秘的担忧，担心电影和我们脑海里的版本不一样)”说明粉丝的担忧。空处和后文为转折关系，说明粉丝的兴奋的部分。选项A“There is the thrill of seeing a beloved story imagined on screen.(看到自己喜爱的故事被搬上银幕，会有种兴奋感)”对应前文的excitement，也和后文的fear形成转折。故选A。 42．上文“When a film adaptation fails to match those private images, disappointment often follows. This is the moment when a viewer may find themselves thinking, or saying aloud, “that’s not how I pictured it”.(当电影改编和我们的私人意象不符时，失望就来了，我们会说“这不是我想象的样子”)”说明读者的反应。空后“For most readers, this involves the creation of images in the mind’s eye.(对大多数读者来说，这涉及到在脑海里创造意象)”解释了大脑的工作方式。空处承上启下，解释这个反应的原因。选项C“The source of this reaction lies in how our minds work when we read.(这种反应的根源在于我们阅读时大脑的工作方式)”承接前文的读者的反应，引出后文的大脑工作的解释。故选C。 43．上文“Often, we become aware of them only when they are disturbed and when the images on screen fail to fit with what we had imagined.(我们通常只有当这些意象被打扰，也就是屏幕上的意象和我们的想象不符的时候，才会注意到它们)”说明想象和屏幕的差距。空处应该说明这个差距带来的结果。选项F“It is precisely this gap that may lead to feelings of confusion and even dissatisfaction.(正是这个差距，可能导致了困惑甚至不满的感受)”中的“this gap”指代前文的想象与屏幕意象的差距，说明这个差距带来的失望情绪。故选F。 44．上文“In effect, it offers a rare chance to see how the mind’s eye works.(实际上，它给了我们一个难得的机会，去看到我们的心灵之眼是如何工作的)”说明这个失望带来的意义。空后“Rather than protesting “that’s not how I pictured it”, we might pause to ask why it isn’t, and what that difference reveals about what we see, and what we don’t see, when we read.(与其抗议“这不是我想象的样子”，我们可以停下来问为什么，以及这个差异揭示了我们阅读时看到了什么，没看到什么)”说明我们可以从中了解到阅读的个人性。空处承接前文，说明这个发现的意义。选项B“It reminds us just how personal our connection to novels really is.(它提醒我们，我们和小说的联系是多么的个人)”承接前文的了解心灵之眼的工作，引出后文的差异带来的对个人阅读的理解。故选B。 Passage 12 （2026上海市格致中学·高一下） Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was born on May 22, 1859, in Edinburgh, as Arthur Doyle (he later used his middle name, Conan, as part of his surname) . His father, a civil servant and frustrated artist, became an alcoholic, and Arthur was sent to boarding school in England. He went on to study medicine at Edinburgh University, where one teacher, Dr. Joseph Bell, made a big impression on him. A weird character in his long coat and deerstalker hat, Bell had an unusual ability to diagnose patients purely by reasoning logically from their appearance. 45 . While waiting for patients, he wrote fiction. It was many years before his first novel was published, introducing the detective Sherlock Holmes, who was clearly based on Dr. Bell. A series of Sherlock Holmes stories followed. Doyle grew tired of writing them. 46 . So, Doyle had to bring him back to life. Doyle combined writing with a keen interest in sport; he played first class cricket and was goalkeeper for Portsmouth AFC． More surprising, given the ultra-rational character of Sherlock Holmes, was Doyle’s fascination with the supernatural. In 1893, Doyle’s father died, and his wife Louisa was given months to live. 47 . Later, during World War I, he lost several family members, and he became especially desperate to make contact with his dead son. Doyle remarried after his first wife Louisa’s death. His second wife, Jean, became a medium, and Doyle devoted all the time to giving lectures and writing about supernatural phenomena. 48 . He returned in pain and was bedridden until his death on July 7, 1930 (though shortly before he died he was found lying in the garden, clutching his heart with one hand and holding a flower in the other) . A．Conan Doyle’s first medical practice was slow to take off. B．The poor man was trying to comfort himself in these things. C．His resulting depression led Doyle to investigate spiritualism. D．But when he killed Sherlock off in one story, there was a huge public outcry. E．Despite heart problems, Conan Doyle went on a lecture tour of Europe in 1929. F．In his book, The Coming of the Fairies, he insisted that the photographs taken by two young girls, could not have been faked. 【答案】45．A 46．D 47．C 48．E 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了柯南·道尔的生平、职业、创作及晚年经历。 45．上文“He went on to study medicine at Edinburgh University, where one teacher, Dr. Joseph Bell, made a big impression on him. A weird character in his long coat and deerstalker hat, Bell had an unusual ability to diagnose patients purely by reasoning logically from their appearance.(他继续在爱丁堡大学学习医学，在那里，一位名叫约瑟夫·贝尔博士的老师给他留下了深刻的印象。贝尔穿着长外套、戴着猎鹿帽，性格古怪，他有一种非凡的能力，仅凭从病人外表进行逻辑推理就能诊断病情)”介绍了柯南·道尔的学医经历及受影响的老师。空后“While waiting for patients, he wrote fiction.(在等待病人的时候，他开始写小说)”说明他有等待病人的场景，空处需衔接学医与写小说的过渡。选项A“Conan Doyle’s first medical practice was slow to take off.(柯南·道尔的第一次医疗实践进展缓慢)”解释了他有时间等待病人、进而写小说的原因，与上下文相呼应，符合语境。故选A。 46．上文“Doyle grew tired of writing them.(道尔厌倦了写这些故事)”说明道尔不想再写福尔摩斯故事。空后“So, Doyle had to bring him back to life.(所以，道尔不得不让他复活)”说明道尔被迫让福尔摩斯回归，空处需说明他让福尔摩斯“消失”后引发的反应。选项D“But when he killed Sherlock off in one story, there was a huge public outcry.(但当他在一个故事中让福尔摩斯死去时，引起了公众的强烈抗议)”既承接前文“厌倦写作”，又解释了后文“让福尔摩斯复活”的原因，符合语境。故选D。 47．上文“In 1893, Doyle’s father died, and his wife Louisa was given months to live.(1893年，道尔的父亲去世，他的妻子路易莎被诊断只有几个月的生命)”说明道尔遭遇家庭变故。空后“Later, during World War I, he lost several family members, and he became especially desperate to make contact with his dead son.(后来，在第一次世界大战期间，他失去了几个家庭成员，他变得特别渴望与死去的儿子取得联系)”说明他后续对超自然现象感兴趣的原因，空处需衔接家庭变故与后续行为。选项C“His resulting depression led Doyle to investigate spiritualism.(由此产生的抑郁让道尔开始研究唯灵论)”既承接前文家庭变故带来的影响，又为后文研究超自然现象做铺垫，符合语境。故选C。 48．上文“His second wife, Jean, became a medium, and Doyle devoted all the time to giving lectures and writing about supernatural phenomena.(他的第二任妻子琼成为了一名灵媒，道尔则全身心地投入到演讲和撰写关于超自然现象的文章中)”介绍了道尔晚年的活动。空后“He returned in pain and was bedridden until his death on July 7, 1930(他痛苦地归来，一直卧床不起，直到1930年7月7日去世)”说明他去世前的状态，空处需说明他卧床前的活动。选项E“Despite heart problems, Conan Doyle went on a lecture tour of Europe in 1929.(尽管有心脏问题，柯南·道尔还是在1929年进行了一次欧洲巡回演讲)”既承接前文“演讲”的活动，又解释了后文“痛苦归来、卧床”的原因，符合语境。故选E。 Passage 13 （2026上海市建平中学·高一下） Climate Change Is the Victim of “Tragedy of the Commons” Our “commons” are those resources such as air, water, land, high-ways, fisheries, energy, and minerals upon which we all depend and for which we are all responsible. 49 In 1968 the ecologist Garrett Hardin popularized a phrase for this strange behavior. He called it “the tragedy of the commons”. For example, a group of farmers share a common piece of land on which they are each entitled to let their cows eat grass. In the example, it is in each farmer’s interest to put more cows onto the land, even if the quality of the land is temporarily or permanently damaged for overeating. 50 If all farmers make this seemingly reasonable economic decision, the common land will be damaged or even destroyed to the harm of all. Similar to Hardin’s theory is global warming crisis. One reason why it is so hard to reduce carbon emissions is that climate change occurs globally. The countries that produce the most greenhouse gas all need to take action to fix the problem. 51 According to a UN report out last month, the gap between the rising temperature and government action to cut greenhouse emissions remains large. The destructive effects of recent extreme events and extreme weather disasters also prove that our ability to adapt to a changing climate is now low, according to the report. If left unchecked, the report finds climate change will pose risks including:      52     Widespread hunger due to warming, drought and severe rains.     Damage to big cities because of inland flooding.     Extreme weather and storms, damaging some of the things we take for granted, like electricity, running water and emergency services. “We all live in an era of long-lasting climate change,” said Vicente Barros, co-chair of the group that prepared the report. “In many cases, we are not prepared for the climate-related risks that we already face.” A．Coastal flooding, which will destroy areas near the shore. B．Unfortunately, every nation wants to act in its own interest but that may not contribute to the global welfare. C．Farmers then agree to avoid hurting the balance of the grassland. D．Fewer trees, caused by deforestation and the wide use of wood as a kind of raw material. E．When it comes to our commons, we may find ourselves acting in surprisingly selfish ways. F．The farmer receives all of the benefits from every additional cow, while the damage to the land is taken by the entire group. 【答案】49．E 50．F 51．B 52．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以“公地悲剧”理论为切入点，指出气候变化本质是该悲剧的体现 —— 各国追求自身利益导致减排困难。联合国报告警示，若不采取有效行动，气候变化将引发饥饿、洪水等多重全球风险。 49．根据上文“Our “commons” are those resources such as air, water, land, high-ways, fisheries, energy, and minerals upon which we all depend and for which we are all responsible.(我们的“公共资源”指的是诸如空气、水、土地、公路、渔业资源、能源以及矿产等各类资源，这些资源是我们共同依赖的，同时也需要我们共同去保护和管理)”以及后文“In 1968 the ecologist Garrett Hardin popularized a phrase for this strange behavior. He called it “the tragedy of the commons”.(1968 年，生态学家加勒特·哈丁为这种奇特的行为创造了一个形象的表述。他将其称为“公地悲剧”)”可知，前文定义“公地”是人类共同依赖且需负责的资源，后文提到哈丁提出“公地悲剧”这一术语，用于描述“奇怪的行为”。选项E“谈及公地时，我们可能会表现出惊人的自私行为”既承接“公地”的定义，又点出“公地悲剧”的核心 —— 人类自私行为，为后文术语解释铺垫，逻辑连贯。故选E。 50．根据上文“For example, a group of farmers share a common piece of land on which they are each entitled to let their cows eat grass. In the example, it is in each farmer’s interest to put more cows onto the land, even if the quality of the land is temporarily or permanently damaged for overeating.(例如，一群农民共用一块公共土地，他们各自都有权让自己的奶牛在这一片土地上吃草。在这一例子中，每个农民都有意让更多的奶牛在这片土地上吃草，即便过度放牧会导致土地质量暂时或永久受损)”以及后文“If all farmers make this seemingly reasonable economic decision, the common land will be damaged or even destroyed to the harm of all.(如果所有农民都做出这种看似合理的经济决策，那么公共土地将会遭到破坏甚至被毁坏，从而给所有人带来损害)”可知，前文举例“农民共用牧场，倾向于多放奶牛”，后文转折“若所有农民都如此，牧场会被毁”。选项 F“农民能从额外的奶牛中获得全部收益，而土地的破坏却由整个群体承担”，精准解释了农民“多放奶牛”的自私动机（个人获益、集体担责），使举例逻辑完整，衔接前后文的因果关系。故选F。 51．根据上文“Similar to Hardin’s theory is global warming crisis. One reason why it is so hard to reduce carbon emissions is that climate change occurs globally. The countries that produce the most greenhouse gas all need to take action to fix the problem.(与哈丁的理论类似的是全球变暖危机。之所以很难减少碳排放，其中一个原因在于气候变化是全球性的。那些排放温室气体最多的国家都需要采取行动来解决这个问题)”可知，前文指出“全球变暖与公地悲剧类似，需排放大国共同行动”，选项B“不幸的是，每个国家都想为自身利益行事，却可能不利于全球福祉”，直接点出全球减排的核心困境——国家利益与全球利益的冲突，与“公地悲剧”中 个人自私损害集体”的本质一致，完成类比衔接。故选B。 52．根据后文“Widespread hunger due to warming, drought and severe rains.   Damage to big cities because of inland flooding.    Extreme weather and storms, damaging some of the things we take for granted, like electricity, running water and emergency services.(由于气候变暖、干旱和暴雨，出现了广泛的饥荒现象。  内陆洪水对大城市造成了破坏。 极端天气和风暴破坏了我们习以为常的一些事物，比如电力、自来水和应急服务。)”可知，后文列举了“普遍饥饿、内陆洪水破坏大城市、极端天气影响基础设施”等风险，选项A“海岸洪水将摧毁沿海地区”属于气候变化引发的典型灾害，与后文列举的风险类型（洪水、饥饿、极端天气）一致，且句式简洁，符合分点列举的结构，故选 A。 Passage 14 （2026上海市普陀区上海市曹杨第二中学·高一下） Age Reversal Technology Our life spans (时间段) used to be relatively short. 53 Within the next 150 years, this was raised by medical advances. And fast forward to 2020 and global life expectancy is 72.6 years — higher than that in any country in 1950. As people live longer, population aging becomes a greater economic problem. It has both placed a burden on public health spending and decreased productivity of workforce. And aging is the fundamental driver behind many diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, to name just a few. One expert in population aging at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Halldór Stefánsson, explains that some serious diseases related to aging — that very few people lived long enough to experience in the past — have replaced infectious diseases as the main cause of death. 54 The amazing news is that age reversal technology will soon be a reality. On the bright side, the process of reversing aging is already possible for cells in scientific experiments. 55 In the foreseeable future, we will be able to enjoy a longer life as well. The goal is to preventively target aging — the major risk factor for a wide variety of diseases and disabilities — instead of treating one disease at a time, which is very costly. One future model projected an increase in NHS expense of £42 million year-on-year until 2031 due to the aging population. 56 That means the technology will restore our vitality and bodily function by removing the damage inevitably caused by the processes of life. A．And science has moved on to extend life spans of some animals, though not yet of humans. B．Human aging timeline is also driven by other factors. C．In the 1800s, life expectancy across the world was less than 40 years of age. D．So, the question on all our mind is — can science stop aging? E．Initially restricted to developed countries, population aging has also become a trend in the developing world. F．Age reversal technology will also increase health span — the length of time during which one is healthy. 【答案】53．C 54．D 55．A 56．F 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着人们寿命的延长，人口老龄化成为一个更大的经济问题。它既给公共卫生支出带来负担，又降低了劳动力的生产力。衰老是许多疾病背后的根本驱动因素，如癌症、心脏病等。年龄逆转技术将增加健康跨度，延长健康的时间长度。 53．由上文“Our life spans (时间段) used to be relatively short.（我们的寿命曾经是相对较短）”说明接下来是举例证明这一观点，C. In the 1800s, life expectancy across the world was less than 40 years of age.（在19世纪，世界各地的预期寿命不到40岁），符合语境。故选C项。 54．由上文“One expert in population aging at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Halldór Stefánsson, explains that some serious diseases related to aging — that very few people lived long enough to experience in the past — have replaced infectious diseases as the main cause of death.（欧洲分子生物学实验室(Halldór Stefánsson)的一位人口老龄化专家解释说，一些与老龄化有关的严重疾病已经取代传染病成为死亡的主要原因——过去很少有人活得足够长）”以及下段首句“The amazing news is that age reversal technology will soon be a reality.（令人惊讶的消息是，年龄逆转技术将很快成为现实）”可知此处应该是提出疑问，所以，我们脑子里的问题是：科学能阻止衰老吗? 符合题意。故选D项。 55．由下文“In the foreseeable future, we will be able to enjoy a longer life as well.（在可预见的未来，我们也将能够享受更长的寿命）”中as well可知，设空句中应提到有谁已经能够享受更长的寿命，A .And science has moved on to extend life spans of some animals, though not yet of humans.（科学已经在延长一些动物的寿命，但还没有延长人类的寿命）中讲到科学已经延长了一些动物的寿命，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。 56．由下文“That means the technology will restore our vitality and bodily function by removing the damage inevitably caused by the processes of life.（这意味着这项技术将恢复我们的活力和身体机能，消除生活过程中不可避免造成的损害）”说明此处应该介绍Age reversal technology的好处，F. Age reversal technology will also increase health span—the length of time during which one is healthy.（年龄逆转技术也将增加健康跨度——一个人健康的时间长度）符合题意。故选F项。 Passage 1 （2024 上海市建平中学） Why can’t we stop longing for the good old days? Why are human beings always so nostalgic (怀旧的) for past eras that seemed difficult and dangerous to those who lived through them? One possibility is that we know we survived past dangers, so they seem smaller now. 1 . Radio didn’t ruin the younger generation, but maybe the smartphone will. 2 . When were the good old days? Was it, by chance, the incredibly short period when you happened to be young? A U.S. poll found that people born in the 1930s and 1940s thought the 1950s was America’s best decade, while those born in the 1960s and 1970s preferred the 1980s. This kind of nostalgia has neurological roots. Researchers have found that we encode more memories during adolescence and early adulthood than any other period of our lives, and when we think about the past, this is the period we most often return to. Moreover, as we grow more distant from past events, we tend to remember them more positively. Obviously, some things really were better in the past. But our instinctive nostalgia for the good old days can easily deceive us, with dangerous consequences. 3 . Vaccination, steam engines, railroads and electricity all met with strong resistance when they were first introduced. The same kinds of anxieties have been expressed in our own time about innovations like the internet, video games and stem-cell research. And not all fears about the future are unfounded. New technologies do result in accidents, they disturb traditional cultures and habits, and they destroy old jobs while creating new ones. But the only way to learn how to make the best use of new technologies and reduce risks is by trial and error. 4 . A．The future won’t be perfect, but neither were the good old days. B．When a new invention is first made, its inventor has to test it through trial and error. C．Longing for the past and fear of the future discourage the experiments and innovations that drive progress. D．But we can never be certain we will solve the problems we are facing today. E．Psychologists say this kind of feeling is natural and sometimes even useful. F．Another reason is that historical nostalgia is often colored by personal nostalgia. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是议论文。文章通过分析人类对过去美好时光的怀旧情绪，探讨了怀旧的根源、影响以及对现实和未来的影响。 1．下文提到“Obviously, some things really were better in the past. But our instinctive nostalgia for the good old days can easily deceive us, with dangerous consequences. (显然，有些事情过去确实更好。但我们对美好旧日的本能怀旧情绪很容易欺骗我们，带来危险的后果。)”说明过去确实有比现在好的地方，但我们对过去的怀旧情绪可能会误导我们，带来危险的后果。D项中的“we can never be certain we will solve the problems we are facing today (我们永远无法确定我们将解决我们今天面临的问题。)”与上文相呼应，表达了我们不能确定是否能解决当前面临的问题，符合题意，故选D。 2．下文提到“Was it, by chance, the incredibly short period when you happened to be young? (这是否仅仅是偶然，那个你碰巧年轻过的难以置信的短暂时期？)”说明人们常常认为他们年轻时的时期是最好的时光。F项中的“Another reason is that historical nostalgia is often colored by personal nostalgia (另一个原因是，对历史的怀旧往往被个人的怀旧情绪所渲染。)”与上文一致，指出历史怀旧常常被个人怀旧所影响，符合题意，故选F。 3．上文提到“our instinctive nostalgia for the good old days can easily deceive us, with dangerous consequences. (我们对美好旧日的本能怀旧情绪很容易欺骗我们，带来危险的后果。)”说明对过去的怀旧情绪可能会误导我们。C项中的“Longing for the past and fear of the future discourage the experiments and innovations that drive progress (对过去的渴望和对未来的恐惧会阻碍推动进步的实验和创新。)”与上文相呼应，表达了对过去的怀旧和对未来的恐惧会阻碍推动进步的实验和创新，符合题意，故选C。 4．上文提到“the only way to learn how to make the best use of new technologies and reduce risks is by trial and error. (学习如何最好地利用新技术并降低风险的唯一方法是通过试错。)”说明学习如何最好地利用新技术和减少风险的唯一方法是通过试错。A项中的“The future won’t be perfect, but neither were the good old days (未来不会完美，但那些所谓的好旧时光同样也不完美。)”与上文相呼应，表达了未来不会完美，过去的日子也不是，符合题意，故选A。 Passage 2 （2025上海市建平中学） BMI Is Not Enough to Describe Obesity Body mass index (BMI), a rough measure of weight relative to height, is commonly used to diagnose obesity. But many experts believe it’s not the best tool. BMI tells very little about someone’s health. 5 Moreover, it was not designed to assess a diverse range of body types. It’s time for a better method. In January, a proposal by an international group of 58 health experts was published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. The experts say that doctors should either supplement or replace BMI readings with other body measurements, such as waistline, or tests that can objectively measure body fat, when diagnosing obesity. They also want to divide obesity into two categories: clinical (临床的) and preclinical. Clinical obesity is accompanied by health problems tied to excess body fat. People with preclinical obesity, however, do not have immediate weight-related health concerns. In other words, the former is an illness, while the latter is a health risk that needs to be monitored. 6 The proposal has received support from 76 medical organizations around the world. Still, it won’t be easy to put it into practice. For example, machines that can accurately measure body composition aren’t available in every doctor’s office. Besides, insurance policies are often several steps behind evolving medical practices. 7 The classification of obesity, for example, could help determine which patients would benefit from treatments like drugs and surgery. For preclinical patients, monitoring alone might be enough. The proposal could help doctors decide whether, when and how to treat patients. The medical community has debated for a long time whether obesity should be considered as a disease. While many studies have shown that obesity is associated with chronic health problems, including Type 2 diabetes (2型糖尿病) and heart disease, there is less research that concretely proves obesity to be the cause. 8 These debates prove that we need accurate methods of assessing obesity and its health impacts. A．This distinction could change how people understand obesity. B．Some obese people show no signs of chronic conditions. C．In fact, obesity has a major impact on a person’s physical, social and emotional well-being. D．Nevertheless the approach suggested in the proposal offers new hope for more effective care. E．Among other faults, the index does not distinguish between weight from fat versus muscle. F．Whichever BMI category a person falls into, it’s important to look beyond that number to get a whole picture of his health. 【答案】5．E 6．A 7．D 8．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要探讨了身体质量指数（BMI）在诊断肥胖方面的局限性，以及国际健康专家提出的改进建议。 5．根据前文“Body mass index (BMI), a rough measure of weight relative to height, is commonly used to diagnose obesity. But many experts believe it’s not the best tool. BMI tells very little about someone’s health.( 身体质量指数是一种粗略的体重与身高的比值，通常用于诊断肥胖。但许多专家认为，这并不是最好的工具。BMI并不能说明一个人的健康状况。)”提到BMI 是衡量肥胖的常用指标，但很多专家认为它不是最好的工具，BMI 几乎不能说明一个人的健康状况，以及后文“Moreover, it was not designed to assess a diverse range of body types.( 此外，它的设计并不是为了评估各种不同的体型。)”提到它不是为评估不同类型的身体而设计的。E选项“Among other faults, the index does not distinguish between weight from fat versus muscle.( 该指数的缺点之一是，它无法区分脂肪和肌肉带来的体重。)”进一步说明了 BMI 的缺陷，与上下文衔接紧密。故选E项。 6．根据前文“People with preclinical obesity, however, do not have immediate weight-related health concerns. In other words, the former is an illness, while the latter is a health risk that needs to be monitored.( 然而，患有临床前肥胖的人不会立即出现与体重相关的健康问题。换句话说，前者是一种疾病，而后者是一种需要监测的健康风险。)”提到专家想把肥胖分为临床肥胖和临床前肥胖两类，并对这两类肥胖进行了具体解释，A 选项“This distinction could change how people understand obesity.( 这种区分可能会改变人们对肥胖的理解。)”中的 “This distinction”指代前文对两种肥胖类型的区分，符合语境。故选A项。 7．根据前文“The proposal has received support from 76 medical organizations around the world.  Still, it won’t be easy to put it into practice.( 该提案得到了全球76家医疗机构的支持。不过，要把它付诸实践并不容易。)”提到该提议实施起来不容易，以及后文“For preclinical patients, monitoring alone might be enough. The proposal could help doctors decide whether, when and how to treat patients.( 对于临床前患者，单独监测可能就足够了。这项提议可以帮助医生决定是否、何时以及如何治疗病人。)”提到肥胖的分类有助于确定哪些患者能从药物和手术等治疗中受益等，说明该提议有积极的作用。D选项“Nevertheless the approach suggested in the proposal offers new hope for more effective care.( 然而，提案中建议的方法为更有效的治疗提供了新的希望。)”起到了承上启下的作用。故选D项。 8．根据前文“While many studies have shown that obesity is associated with chronic health problems, including Type 2 diabetes and heart disease, there is less research that concretely proves obesity to be the cause.( 虽然许多研究表明肥胖与慢性健康问题有关，包括2型糖尿病和心脏病，但具体证明肥胖是病因的研究较少。)”提到医学界长期以来一直在争论肥胖是否应被视为一种疾病，虽然很多研究表明肥胖与慢性健康问题有关，但很少有研究具体证明肥胖是病因。B 选项“Some obese people show no signs of chronic conditions.( 一些肥胖的人没有显示出慢性疾病的迹象。)”进一步说明了肥胖与慢性疾病之间关系的不确定性，与前文内容相呼应。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2025上海市大同中学） AI-Generated Art Is Already Transforming Creative Work For years, the conventional wisdom among Silicon Valley futurists was that artificial intelligence and automation spelled doom for blue-collar workers whose jobs involved repetitive manual labor. Truck drivers, retail cashiers and warehouse workers would all lose their jobs to robots, they said, while workers in creative fields like art, entertainment and media would be safe. Well, an unexpected thing has happened recently: 9 In the past few months, AI-based image generators like DALL-E 2, Midjourney and Stable Diffusion have made it possible for anyone to create unique, super-realistic images just by typing a few words into a text box. 10 DALL-E2, for example, has more than 1.5 million users generating more than two million images every day, while Midjourney’s official Discord server has more than three million members. It’s still too early to tell whether this new wave of apps will end up costing artists and illustrators their jobs. 11 Collin Waldoch, 29, a Brooklyn game designer, recently started using generative AI to create custom art for his online game, Tw ofer Glo ofer, which works a bit like a rhyming version of Wordle. Every day, players are given a clue, like “a set of rhythmic movements in a half-conscious state”, and are tasked with coming up with a pair of rhyming words that matches the clue. Initially, Mr. Waldoch planned to hire human artists through the gig-work platform Upwork to illustrate each day’s rhyming word pair. But when he saw the cost — between $50 and $60 per image, plus time for rounds of feedback and edits — he decided to try using AI instead. 12 Mr. Waldoch said he didn’t feel guilty about using AI instead of hiring human artists, because human artists were too expensive to make the game worthwhile. “I typed in ‘carrot parrot’, and it spit back a perfect image of a parrot made of carrots,” he said. “That was the immediate ‘aha’ moment.” A．AI has entered the creative class. B．He plugged word pairs into Midjourney and DreamStudio, an app based on Stable Diffusion, and altered the results until they looked right. C．He acknowledged that A．I. image generators had limitations. D．These apps, though new, are already popular. E．What seems clear, though, is that these tools are already being put to use in creative industries. F．These programs use what’s known as “generative AI”, a type of AI that was popularized several years ago but has since expanded into images, audio and video. 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．E 12．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人工智能生成艺术对创意工作的影响，指出AI技术已经进入创意领域，并正在改变艺术、娱乐等行业的传统工作方式。 9．前文“Truck drivers, retail cashiers and warehouse workers would all lose their jobs to robots, they said, while workers in creative fields like art, entertainment and media would be safe. (他们预测，卡车司机、零售收银员和仓库工人终将被机器人取代，而艺术、娱乐和媒体等创意领域的从业者则能安枕无忧。)”提到，重复性劳动的蓝领工作人的工作会被AI取代，创意类从业者不会被取代。后文“In the past few months, AI-based image generators like DALL-E 2, Midjourney and Stable Diffusion have made it possible for anyone to create unique, super-realistic images just by typing a few words into a text box. (过去几个月，基于AI的图像生成器如DALL-E 2、Midjourney和Stable Diffusion使得任何人都能通过输入几个词来创作独特、超现实的图像。)”表明，AI技术已进入创意领域。A选项“AI已经进入创意领域。”与前后文形成转折关系，故选A。 10．后文“DALL-E2, for example, has more than 1.5 million users generating more than two million images every day, while Midjourney’s official Discord server has more than three million members. (例如，DALL-E2拥有超过150万用户，每天生成超过200万张图像，而Midjourney的官方Discord服务器有超过300万成员。)”通过数据说明这些应用程序的流行程度。D选项“这些应用程序虽然新，但已经很受欢迎。”能引起后文，后文是对它进行的举例。故选D。 11．前文“It’s still too early to tell whether this new wave of apps will end up costing artists and illustrators their jobs. (现在判断这波新应用程序是否会最终导致艺术家和插画师失业还为时过早。)”表明AI对创意工作的影响尚不明确。后文“Collin Waldoch, 29, a Brooklyn game designer, recently started using generative AI to create custom art for his online game, Tw ofer Glo ofer, which works a bit like a rhyming version of Wordle. (29岁的布鲁克林游戏设计师科林·瓦洛奇近期开始运用生成式AI为其在线游戏Tw ofer Glo ofer创作定制美术素材，这款游戏在玩法上近似押韵版的Wordle猜词游戏，玩家需根据每日线索猜出押韵词对。)”明确给出运用AI制作美术素材的例子，这说明空处应是一句表示转折，衔接前后，表明情况与之前不同的句子。E选项“但可以确定的是，这些工具已然在创意产业中投入实际应用。”能起到这样的作用。故选E。 12．前文“But when he saw the cost — between $50 and $60 per image, plus time for rounds of feedback and edits — he decided to try using AI instead. (但当他看到每张图像需要50到60美元的成本，外加多轮反馈和修改的时间后，他决定尝试使用AI。)”提到Mr. Waldoch因成本问题选择AI。B选项“他将词语对输入Midjourney 和 DreamStudio（基于Stable Diffusion的应用程序），并调整结果直到看起来合适。”具体描述了他如何使用AI工具，与前文形成逻辑衔接。故选B。 Passage 4 （2025上海市育才中学） Do you have braces (牙箍)? If not, chances are that you know someone who does. Even if you don’t have braces right now, you might need them one day. Different kids feel different ways about braces. Some can’t wait to get them because they think they’re neat and know that they’ll improve their smile. 13 Many are also concerned they may be uncomfortable. It’s okay to have these worries, but kids who get braces often find they had no reason to be concerned. Braces are just tools that special dentists — called orthodontists — use to correct the arrangement and position of your teeth. 14 But braces can help straighten teeth so that they can do their job as well as possible. 15 Today, though, they’re much more advanced. The metal used to make braces nowadays is much thinner, resulting in smaller braces. Sometimes you can get braces that are clear or the same color as your teeth. They even make braces that go on the back of your teeth. With these advances, braces aren’t nearly as noticeable today as they used to be. While you have braces, it’s especially important to make sure that you take good care of your teeth. All the metal and rubber in your mouth can make it easy for food to hide in places you`d normally be able to clean easily. 16 There are special tools available that you can use to make sure your pearly whites stay pearly white! A．Not all teeth grow straight, and this is natural. B．Many kids enjoy making a fashion statement with their braces. C．Other kids worry about how braces will change how they look. D．Makes sure your teeth don’t go back to their original places. E．If you have trouble cleaning your teeth, talk to the dental specialists. F．Years ago, braces were made of thick metal that was very noticeable. 【答案】13．C 14．A 15．F 16．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了不同孩子对牙套看法不一，如今牙箍更先进，戴牙套时要注意牙齿护理，有清洁问题可咨询专家。 13．根据上文“Different kids feel different ways about braces. Some can’t wait to get them because they think they’re neat and know that they’ll improve their smile.(不同孩子对牙套的感受各不相同。有些孩子迫不及待地想要戴上牙套，因为他们觉得牙套很美观，并且深知它能改善自己的笑容)”可知，上文提到了一些孩子对带牙套的看法，本句则是说明另一些孩子，构成句型some…other…。故C选项“另一些孩子则担心牙套会改变他们的外貌”符合语境，故选C。 14．根据后文“But braces can help straighten teeth so that they can do their job as well as possible.(但牙套可以帮助矫正牙齿，使它们能够发挥出最佳的正常功能)”可知，后文与本句构成转折，本句解释了戴牙套的原因，故A选项“并非所有牙齿都能整齐生长，这是正常的现象”符合语境，故选A。 15．根据后文“Today, though, they’re much more advanced. The metal used to make braces nowadays is much thinner, resulting in smaller braces. Sometimes you can get braces that are clear or the same color as your teeth. They even make braces that go on the back of your teeth. With these advances, braces aren’t nearly as noticeable today as they used to be.(不过如今，它们已经变得更加先进了。如今制作牙套所用的金属比过去要薄得多，因此牙套也变得更小了。有时你可以得到透明的或者与牙齿颜色相同的牙套。他们甚至还生产出可以贴在牙齿背面的牙套。由于这些技术的进步，如今的牙套不像过去那样显眼了)”可知，后文提到了如今的改变，推测本句是在说明以前的牙套特点。故F选项“多年前，牙套由厚金属制成，非常显眼”符合语境，故选F。 16．根据上文“While you have braces, it’s especially important to make sure that you take good care of your teeth. All the metal and rubber in your mouth can make it easy for food to hide in places you`d normally be able to clean easily.(既然你戴了牙套，那么就更要确保好好呵护自己的牙齿了。口腔内的金属和橡胶材质会使得食物更容易藏匿在那些原本容易清洁的地方)”以及后文“There are special tools available that you can use to make sure your pearly whites stay pearly white!(有一些专门的工具可供您使用，以确保您的牙齿始终保持洁白如玉！)”可知，前句提到牙套易使食物残留，E 选项 “如果清洁牙齿有困难，咨询牙科专家” 给出解决方案，且与后句“专门工具”呼应。故E选项“如果你难以清洁牙齿，要与牙科专家沟通”符合语境，故选E。 Passage 5 （2026上海市曹杨第二中学） The Troubling Decline in the Global Fertility Rate By the end of this century, nearly every country may face a shrinking population. The global fertility rate has halved over the past 50 years to 2.3, falling below the replacement rate of 2.1 in most developed economies. This decline is driven by positive socio-economic trends, including increased female labor participation and education, as well as lower childhood mortality and better welfare systems. These factors have led to fewer children or delayed childbirth. 17 The impact of falling birth rates is significant. A shrinking workforce will struggle to support the healthcare and pension costs of an aging population, potentially leading to higher taxes and strained public finances. Fewer young workers may also limit innovation and productivity growth. Some propose pronatalist policies, such as tax breaks, but these often fail to address the root causes and may distort women’s choices. 18 However, even family-friendly policies in Nordic countries have not reversed the trend. Studies suggest that environmental factors may also be affecting fertility. Immigration could be a short-term solution, but it is not sustainable as developing countries also face aging populations. Ultimately, developed economies must adapt to having fewer young people. This means relying more on older workers, AI, and automation to fill the gap. 19 Traditional family structures may evolve, and communities may need to redefine their support systems for both the elderly and the young. Education systems may need to adapt to smaller student populations, while businesses may need to rethink their strategies to accommodate an aging workforce. The shift towards an older society also means that there will be increased demand for services and products tailored to the needs of older adults, potentially driving new economic opportunities in sectors such as healthcare, technology, and leisure. In conclusion, the decline in global fertility rates presents a complex challenge that requires a multifaceted approach. 20 Societies must be prepared to adapt to a new demographic reality, where older workers, technological advancements, and innovative social structures play a more significant role in sustaining economic and social development. A．While policies aimed at supporting families and reducing the costs of raising children are essential, they may not be sufficient to reverse the trend entirely. B．Instead, governments should focus on reducing barriers to parenthood, such as improving childcare support, removing tax disincentives, and enhancing parental leave entitlements. C．The economic and social forces behind declining births are unlikely to be reversed in the long term, and societies will need to adjust to an older workforce and slower population growth. D．Moreover, the decline in birth rates also has cultural and social implications. E．In developing nations, fertility rates remain above the “wanted rate,” but in advanced economics, couples often have fewer children than desired due to rising parenting costs and limited disposable income. F．Rather, developed economies need to be better prepared for a drop in younger workers. 【答案】17．E 18．A 19．D 20．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球生育率的下降及其原因和影响。 17．根据前文“The global fertility rate has halved over the past 50 years to 2.3, falling below the replacement rate of 2.1 in most developed economies. This decline is driven by positive socio-economic trends, including increased female labor participation and education, as well as lower childhood mortality and better welfare systems. These factors have led to fewer children or delayed childbirth.(过去50年，全球生育率减半至2.3，在大多数发达经济体低于2.1的更替率。这种下降是由积极的社会经济趋势推动的，包括女性劳动力参与率和教育程度的提高、儿童死亡率的降低以及更好的福利制度。这些因素导致生育子女数量减少或生育推迟)”可知，空前提到了全球生育率下降的情况及原因，故E项“在发展中国家，生育率仍高于“预期生育率”，但在发达经济体，由于抚养子女的成本不断上升和可支配收入有限，夫妇往往比预期生育的孩子少。”进一步对比了发展中国家和发达经济体在生育率方面的不同情况，与上文内容紧密相关，承接上文对生育率话题的阐述，故选E项。 18．根据空前“Some propose pronatalist policies, such as tax breaks, but these often fail to address the root causes and may distort women’s choices.(一些人提出鼓励生育的政策，如税收减免，但这些政策往往未能解决根本原因，还可能扭曲女性的选择)”可知，空前提到了这些政策根本无法解决根本原因，会扭曲女性的选择，故A项“虽然旨在支持家庭和降低养育子女成本的政策至关重要，但它们可能不足以完全扭转这一趋势”承接上文，继续探讨政策在应对生育率下降问题上的局限性，与上文逻辑连贯，故选A项。 19．根据空后“Traditional family structures may evolve, and communities may need to redefine their support systems for both the elderly and the young. Education systems may need to adapt to smaller student populations, while businesses may need to rethink their strategies to accommodate an aging workforce.(传统的家庭结构可能会发生变化，社区可能需要重新定义对老年人和年轻人的支持系统。教育系统可能需要适应学生人数的减少，而企业可能需要重新思考其战略，以适应老龄化的劳动力)”可知，空后提到了生育率下降对文化和社会方面的影响，如家庭结构演变、教育系统和商业策略需调整等，故D项“而且，出生率的下降也有文化和社会影响”符合语境，提出出生率下降也有文化和社会的影响，引出后文解释具体是怎样影响的。故选D项。 20．根据空前“In conclusion, the decline in global fertility rates presents a complex challenge that requires a multifaceted approach.(总的来说，全球生育率下降是一项复杂的挑战，需要采取多方面的办法)”以及空后“Societies must be prepared to adapt to a new demographic reality, where older workers, technological advancements, and innovative social structures play a more significant role in sustaining economic and social development.(社会必须准备好适应新的人口现实，即老年工人、技术进步和创新的社会结构在维持经济和社会发展方面发挥更重要的作用)”可知，空前提到需要采取多方面的办法，空后提出了具体的方法，故F项“相反，发达经济体需要更好地为年轻劳动力的减少做好准备。”符合语境，承接前文的需要采取多方面的办法，引出后文的具体方法。故选F项。 Passage 6 （2026上海市浦东区实验中学） eMedicine is here Tired of feeling "like the walking dead," Amber Young sat on her bed with tears one recent Friday night in Woodbury, Minnesota. Then she logged onto an Internet site run by an online health care company and "met" with a doctor hundreds of miles away in Texas. After talking with the physician via instant messaging and then by telephone, Young was diagnosed with an upper respiratory illness (上呼吸道疾病), "I was as suspicious as anyone about getting treated over the computer," said Young. "But I could not have been happier with the service." Experts say Internet-and telephone-based medical services are transforming health care, giving consumers access to inexpensive, round-the-clock care for routine problem — often without having to leave home or work. 21 When Arizona resident Kris Taylor, 32, was admitted to a nearby hospital's intensive-care unit (ICU), he was diagnosed with a potentially life-threatening diabetic (糖尿病的) reaction. In the "eICU," Taylor was treated by a doctor in a different city, via a two-way camera in the Patient's room. From far away, the doctor evaluated Taylor's condition and regularly communicated with him and his nurses. Taylor received medications to treat his diabetes and was out of thehospital's ICU within 48 hours. 22 Another, more extreme, case of eMedicine took place when doctors in Boston helped a physician at a South Pole Station surgically repair a patient's damaged knee. Using a "telemedicine" connection, two specialists helped South Pole physician Dr. Timothy Pollard repair the left knee of Dar Gibson, a meteorologist (气象学家) who had injured his knee in a fall. 23 That has changed in recent years thanks to the development of high-speed communications networks and the push to lower health costs. Nonetheless, some doctors and patients resist eMedicine, despite so many positive reviews from consumers who have actually used it. 24 A．The field of eMedicine developed in the 1970s as a way to deliver health care to patients in remote areas, though its growth was slow. B．Yet "eMedicine" isn't limited to non-emergency problems. C．However, not all people think eMedicine is trustworthy. · D．Those patients often say it is more convenient and less costly than traditional health care. E．Most people don't know anything about eMedicine until they encounter it. F．As a patient, Taylor was satisfied that the doctor, located miles away, checked him several times during the day and night. 【答案】21．D 22．F 23．A 24．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电子医疗（eMedicine）的发展、应用及其优势和挑战。   21．根据上文“Experts say Internet-and telephone-based medical services are transforming health care, giving consumers access to inexpensive, round-the-clock care for routine problem--often without having to leave home or work.(专家表示，基于互联网和电话的医疗服务正在改变医疗保健，使消费者能够获得廉价、全天候的常规问题护理，通常无需离开家或工作。)”可知，电子医疗有很多好处，D选项(这些患者经常说，这比传统的医疗保健更方便，成本也更低)进一步阐述其好处，并引出后文例子。故选D。 22．根据上文“In the 'eICU,' Taylor was treated by a doctor in a different city, via a two-way camera in the Patient's room. From far away, the doctor evaluated Taylor's condition and regularly communicated with him and his nurses. Taylor received medications to treat his diabetes and was out of the hospital's ICU within 48 hours.(在“电子重症监护室”里，Taylor通过病房里的双向摄像头，接受了另一个城市的医生的治疗。从远处，医生评估了Taylor的病情，并定期与他和他的护士沟通。Taylor接受了治疗糖尿病的药物，并在48小时内离开了医院的重症监护室。)”可知，上文讲述了Taylor通过电子医疗获得远程的及时救治并很快康复出院的例子，F选项(作为一名患者，Taylor对远在数英里之外的医生在白天和晚上多次检查他感到满意。)”衔接上文，描述了患者的体验，F选项中“checked him”与上文中“evaluated Taylor’s condition”相呼应，承接上文内容。故选F。 23．根据下文“That has changed in recent years thanks to the development of high-speed communications networks and the push to lower health costs.(近年来，由于高速通信网络的发展和降低医疗成本的推动，这种情况已经发生了变化。)”可知，下文提到近年来电子医疗有所发展，空处需要一个句子来补充背景信息，说明eMedicine的历史和发展。选项A（eMedicine领域在20世纪70年代发展起来，目的是为偏远地区的患者提供医疗服务，尽管其发展较为缓慢）提供了历史背景，与下文内容衔接紧密。故选A。 24．根据上文“Nonetheless, some doctors and patients resist eMedicine, despite so many positive reviews from consumers who have actually used it.(尽管如此，尽管有许多实际使用过的消费者的正面评价，但仍有一些医生和患者抵制电子医疗。)”可知，上文提到仍有一些医生和患者抵制电子医疗，C选项(然而，并不是所有人都认为电子医疗是可信的。)直接呼应了上文的内容符合语境，并且C选项中“eMedicine”与上文相呼应，C选项中“not all people think”与上文“some doctors and patients resist”相呼应。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $