精品解析：上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题(含听力）

2024学年高一第二学期期末考试英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension（25’） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. In a library. B. In a laundry. C. In a lift. D. In a bakery. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Boss and employee. B. Hotel receptionist and guest. C. Doctor and patient. D. Travel agent and customer. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Check the cafeteria later. B. Go to another place to eat. C. Go to the cafeteria of the bank. D. Cook something for themselves. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He didn’t go to the club. B. He forgot meeting the woman. C. He slipped and got injured. D. He couldn’t keep his mind off the club. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Extend her project time. B. Finish the project as soon as possible. C. Reconsider her decision. D. Interview people except those in town. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Look for another style. B. Give the sweater away as a gift. C. Try on a smaller sweater. D. Change the sweater for a bigger one. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He cancelled his interview. B. He’s disappointed with his interview. C. He shouldn’t have applied for the job. D. He doesn’t want to discuss the interview now. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Ways to make money. B. Bob’s plan to open a coffee shop. C. The cow Bob is raising. D. The operation of Bob’s coffee shop. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. What the man is reading is too difficult. B. The man misjudges Mary’s expression. C. Mary’s habit caused her trouble in work. D. Mary dislikes reading books after work. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She plans to read more than the required books. B. The books are all required for the history course. C. Some of the books are for courses other than history. D. She’s worried she may not finish the required reading. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. To distract the employer’s attention. B. To explain the features of the job applied for. C. To help you become the best candidate. D. To enable you to be noticed among applicants. 12. A. It should be at least one page long. B. It should be handed in during the interview. C. It should be customized to suit the job. D. It should emphasize the value of the company. 13. A. Your interest and hobbies. B. The details of your relevant skills. C. All your working experiences. D. A polite request for a proper salary. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. To provide a place for students to relax while studying. B. To provide a place for students to enjoy the city landscape. C To provide a place for students to inspire more confidence. D. To provide a place for students to rest and enhance creativity. 15. A. To make it both traditional and modern. B. To enlarge it to accommodate more students. C. To upgrade it with more trendy facilities. D. To make it attract both students and teachers. 16. A. It contributes to peace in society. B. It helps people handle stress. C. It’s common in workplaces as well. D. It is good for the environment. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. The consequences of losing a job. B. The significance of having an interest. C. The right attitude to unemployment. D. The possible reasons for getting fired. 18. A. A result of being less competent. B. A valuable time to develop an interest. C. A shock that might depress a person. D. An opportunity to reconsider one’s career. 19. A To reflect on her life and show the benefits of starting a company. B. To comfort the man and help him respond actively to the situation. C. To teach the man tips on how to make opportunities come one’s way. D. To illustrate that gardening is a promising field for the man to get into. 20. A. Hopeful. B. Excited. C. Depressed. D. Concerned. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (42’) Section A (12’) Directions: After reading the sentence or the passage, fill in the blanks by using the given word in the bracket to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. Napping during the day is an ancient custom that is practiced worldwide. While some people view napping as a luxurious indulgence, ____21____ see it as a way to maintain alertness and well-being. But napping can come with drawbacks ____22____ benefits. As an orofacial pain specialist, I have extensive education in sleep medicine and ____23____ sleep impacts wellness, due mostly to the relationship between sleep and painful conditions such as headaches and facial pain. My training involved all aspects of sleep, especially sleep breathing disorders, insomnia and sleep-related movement disorders. As such, I’m aware of ____24____ complex nature of napping, and why a short nap – that is, a nap during the daytime that lasts from 20 to 30 minutes – may be beneficial in myriad ways. Research shows that there are many benefits to napping. Short naps can boost mental functioning and memory, and improve alertness, attention and reaction time. Besides, short naps ____25____(link) to increased productivity and creativity. Because napping seems to improve creative thinking, some companies have attempted to harness (利用)  this ____26____ introducing napping rooms into the workplace. What’s more, it appears that the brain uses nap time to process information ____27____(gather) throughout the day, which appears to enhance problem-solving abilities. One small study revealed that people who took short naps were ____28____(frustrated) and impulsive, which resulted in better focus and efficiency when performing work-related tasks. Napping may even lead to an ____29____(improve) ability to learn new motor skills, such as a golf swing or the playing of a musical instrument. This is because these memories or skills become consolidated in the brain during sleep, _____30_____ at night or while napping. While usually, the longer the nap, the more sleep inertia there is to overcome. This _____31_____ impair (损害) cognitive function from several minutes up to half an hour. In many cases, these effects can be minimized by consuming caffeine directly after the nap. But it is important to note that caffeine is not a substitute for sleep. Caffeine acts to temporarily block the action of a chemical known as adenosine (腺苷), a sleep-promoting agent that builds up during waking hours. If you are habitually dependent on caffeine consumption to keep you awake and alert, it may suggest that there is an underlying sleep disorder such as insomnia or sleep apnea, _____32_____ a person temporarily stops breathing during sleep. Section B (30’) A Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the boxes. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.ease B.self-conscious C.navigate D.composition AB.irrationality AC.barely AD.regular BC.master BD.initially CD.pursuits ABC. criticisms Teens need real jobs, not elite internships The vogue for teenagers doing prestigious internships or having “enrichment experiences” may have gone too far in the narrow swath of society that can afford this dubious (微不足道的) luxury. Well-meaning parents believe that they’re offering their kids something better than a/an ____33____, traditional summer job. But are they? When I was in college, I worked at Bartley’s Burger Cottage. My hair and clothes smelled like grease, and I had to learn the precise ____34____ of the “Kennedy Burger” and maybe 47 other burgers, but it was a great job. There was something relaxing or liberating about doing work completely unrelated to our futures or career goals or creative ____35____. Would we have been happier if we were interning at publishing houses or consulting firms? I am not so sure. While it can seem like kids in fancy internships with carefully curated resumes are better prepared for life, that may not be entirely true. One of my daughter’s friends told me about missing a flight for a very important presentation at her internship that Monday. She ended up spending money she had been saving up for the school year to buy a very expensive ticket to make it back in time, and getting ____36____ any sleep. When she arrived, it turned out no one was around to hear her very important presentation. In that internship, she felt anxious, a little ____37____, and was fairly quiet. But in her restaurant job she was more relaxed. She found herself opening up to strangers, learning to banter (打趣), to talk to anyone, to put people at ____38____. Working in a restaurant or store is a/an ____39____ class in human interaction. You learn how to respond to ____40____, to pettiness (吹毛求疵), to demanding or fickle desires, to unruly or unfair ____41____, which are highly useful skills to master when you are young. You are exposed to a variety of colorful strangers. You figure out how to manage all kinds of situations. And, of course, learning to ____42____ people is something you need in every profession, in every walk of life. B Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the boxes. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. motivation B. exposure C. typically D. identify AB. underlying AC. clinical AD. conserve BC. body BD. unique CD. oddly ABC. practices What comes to mind when you think about winter? Snowflakes? Mittens? Reindeer? In much of the Northern Hemisphere, winter means colder temperatures, shorter days and year-end holidays. Along with these changes, a growing ____43____ of research in psychology and related fields suggests that winter also brings some profound changes in how people think, feel and behave. While it’s one thing to ____44____ seasonal tendencies in the population, it’s much trickier to try to untangle why they exist. Some of winter’s effects have been tied to cultural norms and ____45____, while others likely reflect our bodies’ innate biological responses to changing meteorological (气象学的) and ecological conditions. The natural and cultural changes that come with winter often occur simultaneously, making it challenging to tease apart (仔细分离) the causes ____46____ these seasonal swings. With our colleagues Alexandra Wormley and Mark Schaller, we recently conducted an extensive survey of these findings. Do you find yourself feeling down in the winter months? You’re not alone. As the days grow shorter, the American Psychiatric Association estimates that about 5% of Americans will experience a form of depression known as seasonal affective disorder, or SAD. People experiencing SAD tend to have feelings of hopelessness, decreased ____47____ to take part in activities they generally enjoy, and lethargy. Even those who don’t meet the ____48____ threshold (门槛) for this disorder may see increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms; in fact, some estimates suggest more than 40% of Americans experience these symptoms to some degree in the winter months. Scientists link SAD and more general increases in depression in the winter to decreased ____49____ to sunlight, which leads to lower levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin (血清素). Consistent with the idea that sunlight plays a key role, SAD tends to be more common in more northern regions of the world, like Scandinavia and Alaska, where the days are shortest and the winters longest. Humans, special as we may be, are not ____50____ in showing some of these seasonally linked changes. For instance, our primate relative the Rhesus macaque shows seasonal declines in mood. Some scientists have noted that SAD shows many parallels to hibernation — the long snooze during which brown bears, ground squirrels and many other species turn down their metabolism and skip out on the worst of winter. Seasonal affective disorder may have its roots in adaptations that ____51____ energy at a time of year when food was _____52_____ scarce and when lower temperatures pose greater energetic demands on the body. III. Cloze (30’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A Since the start of the industrial revolution, there have been threats that new machines — from mechanised looms to microchips — would usurp (侵占) human jobs. For the most part, the humans have prevailed (获胜，盛行). Now, say some experts, with AI ubiquity on the horizon, the ____53____ is being realised: the robots really are coming for some jobs. A March 2023 report from Goldman Sachs estimated that AI capable of content generation could do a quarter of all the work ____54____ done by humans. Across the European Union and US, the report further notes, 300 million jobs could be lost to ____55____. And that could be dire, says Martin Ford, author of Rule of the Robots: How Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Everything. “It's not just that this would happen to ____56____, but it could be pretty systemic,” he says. “It could happen to a lot of people, potentially quite suddenly, potentially all at the same time. And that has ____57____ not just for those individuals, but for the whole economy.” Thankfully, it’s not all bad news. The experts ____58____ their warnings with a caveat: there are still things AI isn’t capable of — tasks that involve ____59____ human qualities, like emotional intelligence and outside-the-box thinking. And moving into roles that center those skills could help ____60____ the chances of being replaced. “I think there are generally three ____61____ that are going to be relatively insulated (绝缘的，隔热的) in the foreseeable future,” says Ford. “The first would be jobs that are genuinely _____62_____: you’re not doing formulaic work or just rearranging things, but you're genuinely coming up with new ideas and building something new.” The second safe zone, he continues, is jobs that require _____63_____ interpersonal relationships. He points to nurses, business consultants and investigative journalists. These are jobs, he says, “where you need a very deep _____64_____ of people. I think it’ll be a long time before AI has the ability to interact in the kinds of ways that really build relationships”. The third safe zone, says Ford, “are jobs that really require lots of mobility and dexterity and problem-solving ability in _____65_____ environments”. Many trade jobs – think electricians, plumbers, welders and the like – fall under this umbrella. “These are the kinds of jobs where you're dealing with a new situation all the time,” he adds. “They are probably the hardest of anything to automate. In order to automate jobs like this, you would need a science fiction robot. You’d need Star Wars’s C-3PO.” While humans will likely remain in jobs that fall within those categories, that doesn’t mean those professions are totally insulated from the ascent of AI. In fact, says Joanne Song McLaughlin, associate professor of labor economics at the University of Buffalo, US, most jobs, regardless of _____66_____, have aspects that are likely to be automated by the _____67_____. In short, seeking roles in dynamic, shifting environments that include unpredictable tasks is good way to stave off (挡开，避开 ) job loss to AI. At least, for a while. 53. A. issue B. threat C. ambition D. target 54. A. temporarily B. potentially C. currently D. probably 55. A. automation B. revolution C. imagination D. information 56. A. individuals B. white collars C. manual workers D. designers 57. A. benefits B. comments C. fascinations D. implications 58. A. receive B. propose C. issue D. cancel 59. A. indifferently B. distinctly C. deliberately D. collaboratively 60. A. increase B. lessen C. seize D. treasure 61. A. contents B. preferences C. factors D. categories 62. A. traditional B. physical C. creative D. mental 63. A. distant B. foreseeable C. simple D. sophisticated 64. A. administration B. development C. understanding D. misinterpretation 65. A. unpredictable B. dangerous C. controllable D. noisy 66. A. position B. occupation C. income D. industry 67. A. engineer B. technology C. potential D. tendency B For all the talk of dogs and humans being best friends, sometimes representatives of the two species just don’t click. Giving up an unsuitable family pet can be heartbreaking, but, if the animal is an expensive working dog, it can also be financially ruinous. Guide dogs, for example, can cost up to $50,000 to train, but about a third are returned because they don’t click with their allocated owner. To cut down on the number of ____68____, researchers in Germany are trying to develop more harmonious pooch-person relationships. Their work towards that goal has now confirmed what many dog-owners already suspect, and what some may be ____69____ to admit: dogs really do look like their humans. More relevant to the quest for lasting friendships, they have similar ____70____ too. “We are interested in understanding what makes a good dog-owner match and to find out how we can find the right dog for a person,” says Yana Bender, a PhD student at the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology in Jena. “To do that, we first need to establish the status quo(现状): are dogs and their owners ____71____ more similar or more different?” Writing in the journal Personality and Individual Differences, Ms Bender and her colleagues have reviewed the ____72____ evidence to show how the similarities show through. One domain concerns physical appearance. While it might sound barking, numerous studies in recent decades have shown that people really can match pictures of dogs to their owners more often and more ____73____ than would be possible with guesswork alone. Some sources of similarity are clear: women with short hair tend to own dogs with short ears, for example, while those with long hair tend to ____74____ long-eared breeds. People with higher body-mass-indices also tend to have more overweight dogs. Other connections are less ____75____, as shown by research revealing dogs and owners can be correctly ____76____ from pictures in which only their eyes are visible. A similar affinity bias may be at play for invisible characteristics as well, with owners’ personality traits _____77_____ in the way their dogs behave. ____78____ owners have dogs that are more nervous around strangers, neurotics are more likely to pair with aggressive pets and conscientious people own dogs that are more motivated and easier to train. Owners of breeds classed as dangerous, such as the _____79_____ XL Bully, rate themselves higher on traits like sensation-seeking and psychopathy. What is going on? Psychologists have known for decades that humans place more _____80_____ on relationships with people that look and behave like them, and the same seems to _____81_____ dogs. Women with short hair rate short-eared breeds such as the Siberian Husky and Basenji as friendlier and more intelligent. Long-haired women think the same about Beagles and Springer Spaniels. The phenomenon of matching personalities appears to be more complex than that of matching looks. _____82_____ people simply selecting a dog they believe matches their personality, the moods and behaviour of the owner could influence and shape the dog over time—and to a lesser extent, vice versa. Being around less confident people, for example, could make a dog more nervous, while having an anxious dog can exacerbate an owner’s worries. 68. A. mistakes B. mismatches C. misconceptions D. misfortunes 69. A. ready B. anxious C. confident D. reluctant 70. A. personalities B. appearances C. preferences D. tastes 71. A. especially B. coincidentally C. generally D. previously 72 A. adaptable B. acceptable C. available D. additional 73. A. randomly B. reliably C. regretfully D. respectively 74. A. introduce B. dislike C. improve D. favor 75. A. obvious B. complicated C. indirect D. vague 76. A. trained B. restricted C. paired D. navigated 77. A. recorded B. mirrored C. rewarded D. mastered 78. A. Extroverted B. Intelligent C. Careful D. Introverted 79. A. friendly B. notorious C. remarkable D. peculiar 80. A. value B. performance C. strength D. advantage 81. A. refer to B. react to C. subject to D. apply to 82. A. In particular B. Or rather C. Rather than D. In response IV. Reading Comprehension (38’) Section A (30’) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A From Marie Tussaud’s Chamber of Horrors to Disneyland’s Haunted Mansion (鬼屋) to horror-themed escape rooms, haunted house attractions have terrified and delighted audiences around the world for more than 200 years. These attractions turn out to be good places to study fear. They help scientists understand the body’s response to fright and how we perceive some situations as enjoyably thrilling and others as truly terrible. One surprising finding: having friends close at hand in a haunted house might make you more jumpy, not less so. Psychologist and study co-author Sarah Tashjian, who is now at the University of Melbourne, and her team conducted their research with 156 adults, who each wore a wireless wrist sensor during their visit. The sensor measured skin responses linked to the body’s reactions to stress and other situations. When the sensor picked up, for example, greater skin conductance — that is, the degree to which the skin can transmit an electric current — that was a sign that the body was more aroused and ready for fight or flight. In addition to this measure, people reported their expected fear (on a scale of 1 to 10) before entering the haunted house and their experienced fear (on the same scale) after completing the haunt. The scientists found that people who reported greater fear also showed heightened skin responses. Being with friends, Tashjian and her colleagues further found, increased physiological arousal during the experience, which was linked to stronger feelings of fright. In fact, the fear response was actually weaker when people went through the house in the presence of strangers. Other investigators have used haunted houses to understand how fear and enjoyment can coexist. In a 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen, a member of the Recreational Fear Lab at Aarhus University in Denmark, scientists joined forces with Dystopia Haunted House. The Danish attraction includes such terrifying experiences as being chased by “Mr. Piggy”, a large, chain-saw-wielding man wearing a bloody butcher’s apron and pig mask. People between the ages of 12 and 57 were video recorded at peak moments during the attraction, wore heart-rate monitors throughout and reported on their experience. People’s fright was tied to large-scale heart-rate fluctuations; their enjoyment was linked to small-scale ones. The results suggest that fear and enjoyment can happen together when physiological arousal is balanced “just right”. 83. Studying haunted house attractions helps scientists to learn about ________. A. the psychological effects of fear on individuals B. the history of horror-themed entertainment C. the body’s response to material rewards D. the impact of technology on people’s enjoyment 84. How did Sarah Tashjian and her team conduct their research on haunted house experiences? A. By surveying participants. B. By analyzing historical records. C. By employing wireless wrist sensors. D. By using virtual reality simulations. 85. What did Tashjian and her colleagues discover in their study? A. Being with friends elevated level of physiological arousal. B. The fear reaction was stronger in the company of strangers. C. Psychological effect was unrelated to intensified feelings of fright. D. Those reporting lightened fear showed increased skin responses. 86. It can be concluded from the 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen that ________. A. fear and enjoyment can not happen at the same time B. large-scale heart-rate fluctuations were linked to enjoyment C. the age of the participants was not related to the study’s findings D. fear and enjoyment can coexist under certain conditions B Guided Desert Adventure Typical desert activities like sandboarding, dune bashing and quad biking With this tour, you’ll have half a day of adventure activities in the desert. You’ll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area. On top of a sand dune, you’ll have the chance to slide down the side by sandboarding. From here, you’ll get ready for hitting some dunes in a four-wheel drive vehicle. Next, you’ll hop on a quad bike and have time to drive around the desert in the open air. Finally, you’ll have a camel ride around a small part of the desert. What’s included Pickup and drop-off 20 minutes of sandboarding 35 minutes of dune bashing 25 minutes of quad biking 10-minute camel ride Water and soft drinks A drive through a camel farm Additional information Requires a high level of physical fitness. Not suitable for children between 0 and 5. Children under 18 must be accompanied by an adult. Tours starting after noon include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits, which costs an additional US$ 45/person only. 87. What kind of experiences can participants expect from this trip? A. Taking a sand bathing on the top of a sand dune. B. Exploring the expansive desert freely on a camel ride. C. An exciting day adventure filled with diverse activities. D. Capturing the breathtaking desert landscape with a camera. 88. How much does a group of four university students need to pay for taking the 14:00 tour? A. US$ 180. B. US$ 220. C. US$ 265. D. US$ 400. 89. Which of the following is most likely to be a review from a former participant of the tour? A. The show was great! I highly recommend! B. It was a lot of fun and I enjoyed every minute of it. C. The place is cool, easy to find and get to with metro. D. Arrive early for tickets to avoid a long queue. C Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive falls dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult. New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. Haller’s research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean’s surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. “Our results are rapidly obtained easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.” 90. In a search and rescue operation, ________. A. the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours B. the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location C. weather conditions are a determining factor D. changing currents present a challenge 91. The main significance of the new algorithm is ________. A. accurately predicting weather conditions during rescue operations B. dependence on satellite technology to locate distressed individuals at sea C. cost-effective, efficient tracking of objects and individuals in coastal waters D. predicting the exact time and location of ocean accidents 92. Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________. A. the collection of data B. the testing of the algorithm C. the identification of the TRAPs D. the cooperation of two research teams 93. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea B. How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives C. Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations D. Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations Have Fallen D Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. Other Americans who have stood out from the flock include Joe DiMaggio, Beverly Sill, Ernest Hemingway and Jonas Salk. They, like Benny Goodman, were recognized and honored for no other reason than excellence. It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head. The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise(即兴发挥), who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn’t work and make it work––these people are the very soul of capitalism. Charles Kettering didn’t like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one’s capacity. The ones with the purple hair and the funky jewelry are just along for the ride, trying to be “different” and not knowing how to go about it. The student who earns straight A’s on his report card has grasped the idea and has found the real meaning of individuality. So has the youngster who has designed his own spaceship, who gives piano recitals, who paints pictures of the world around him. Benny Goodman understood it too. This is why he was at his best, blowing his clarinet, in a blue suit and black shoes. 94. The author mentions the appearance of Benny Goodman to _________. A. show what a talented musician should look like B. introduce an important figure in the musical world C. contrast with his talent in music performance D. indicate that he can’t stand out from the flock 95. The author would most probably agree that _________. A. an individualist tends to seek difference both in character and appearance B. the essence of individualism lies in pursuing excellence to the full C. being different in appearance is the very first step to being individual D. those who strive to win the recognition of others are real individualists 96. According to the passage which individual’s actions may not truly embody the essence of individualism? A. A scientist who conducts research solely advancing knowledge for the greater good rather than for personal recognition. B. A social media influencer who conforms to popular opinions to maintain a large following. C. An artist who creates unique works but fail to gain fame and recognition from others. D. An entrepreneur who prioritizes ethical considerations over profit in his business practices. 97. For the main thread, the article is organized by way of __________. A. specific to general B. cause and effect C. examples and conclusion D. comparison and contrast Section B (8’) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The young lead new trends in consumption market With the post-1990 generation becoming a vibrant (充满活力的) force in society and the post-2000 generation gradually entering the workforce, the purchasing power of the new generation of consumers has been steadily growing. ___________98___________ Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations. In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. ___________99___________ This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media. And yet a trend toward rational consumption has been growing rapidly over the past few years. ___________100___________ Instead, they focus more on product quality and functionality. They tend to compare products and services, and do some research before making purchasing decisions, in order to get the best out of their purchase. According to a study conducted by the Social Survey Center of China Youth Daily, 90.1 percent of the 1,000 young respondents said their consumption decision is based on the “spending where necessary and saving where possible” principle. Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. __________101__________ When it comes to brand cognition, young consumers seem to favor domestic products. Thanks to information online, young consumers no longer blindly pursue foreign brands and instead prefer local brands, highlighting their confidence in Chinese-made products. From Li-Ning, Anta to Warrior shoes, domestic brands in various fields are being warmly welcomed by young consumers. A. Young consumers no longer blindly chase trendy or luxury items. B. They excel in using mobile devices and social media for getting information. C. Their tendency to pay much leads to the development of products and services. D. Their changing behaviors in consumption have promoted high-quality products. E. In fact, young people are slowly becoming the main force in the consumer market. F. They are willing to pay for products with unique features and innovative services. V. Translation (15’=3’*5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 102. 俗话说得好：“勤能补拙”。Lack (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 103. 我很荣幸成为她毕业典礼上的嘉宾之一。honor*2（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________ 104. 那是我第一次意识到我绝不应该退而求其次。It (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 105. 他忙于研究古典音乐，以至于时常废寝忘食。So occupy(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 106. 他从不怨天尤人，相反地他总是满满的正能量，尽量和同事和谐相处。complain(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Listening comprehension section a directions in section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. One press twelve, please. Thank you. You're welcome. That's where i'm going. Question, where does this conversation most probably take place? Too, mr. Watson. I wonder whether it's possible for me to take a vacation early next month. Did you fill out a request form question? What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers? Three, I was going to get something to eat in the cafeteria, but IT seems to be closed. Oh, that's because it's sunday. Why don't you come with me to a place opposite the bank? Question, what does the woman suggest they do? For jack, did you forget that we were supposed to meet the club last evening? Oh, i'm so sorry. IT completely slipped my mind. Question, what can be learned about the man last evening? Fave professor Johnson, i'm thinking of interviewing all the residency town for my project. Well, that's too chAllenging for such a short term project. You'd Better give you a second thought question. what does the man suggest the woman do? Six, how do I look in this new sweater? I bought IT in a hurry and didn't even try IT on. Well, I really like the style, but IT looks a little tight. You'd Better get the next size up. Question, what does the woman suggest the man do? Steven, how did your job interview go? I don't think I came across as well as I could . have question, what does the man mean? eight. Hey, bob, ever since you open to your coffee shop, you have been very busy. Is the business going well and making money? Yeah, I can't believe IT. In fact, my coffee shop has become a real cash cow for me. Question, what are the two speakers mainly talking about? Nine, from the look on mary's face, I think she's having trouble with her boss. I think you are reading too . much into IT question. What does the woman imply? Ten, who are all those books there required for the history class? No, a lot of these are optional. But you know, when I do something, I usually do IT. Two hundred percent question. what does the woman mean? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you'll be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answers to the question you have heard. Questions eleven, three, thirteen are based on the following passage. Are you tired of your job and in the market for a new one? Many people are these days, how can you get the attention of employers? The answer is a superior cover letter. The cover letters should be no more than one page in life, and IT should explain why you are the best candidate for a job. The letter is to help you stand out from the other applicants. No matter how many you write, every cover letter should be different. Each one should be tailor to the job you are applying for, so before you start writing, find out some information about the job and the establishment. Then you'll know what the company values and which skills and experiences your letter should focus on in your first paragraph. Quickly introduce yourself and talk about the position you are applying for. You should show why you are interested in the job and the company. Following the opening paragraph, you can discuss the relevant experiences you can give in depth details about why your skills fit the company's needs. In the last lines, you should restate why you are a great fit, then follow up with a polite request for an interview. This shows you are excited about the job. Now listen again, please. Are you tired of your job and in the market for a new one? Many people are these days. How can you get the attention of employers? The answer is a superior cover letter. The cover letters should be no more than one page in length, and IT should explain why you are the best candidate for a job. The letter is to help you stand out from the other applicants. No matter how many you ride, every cover letter should be different. Each one should be tailed to the job you are applying for. So before you start writing, find out some information about the job and the establishment, then you'll know what the company values and which skills and experiences your letter should focus on in your first paragraph. Quickly introduce yourself and talk about the position you are applying for. You should show why you are interested in the job and the company. Following the opening paragraph, you can discuss the relevant experiences. You can give in depth details about why your skills fit the company's needs. In the last lines, you should restate why you are a great fit, then follow up with a polite request for an interview. This shows you are excited about the . job questions. Eleven, what is the purpose of a cover letter? Twelve, which is true about a cover letter. Thirteen, what should be included in a cover letter? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. The relaxing an inspiration area in a library at guangdong university of finance and economics has unexpectedly become a hit online. According to the library director wang long john, the relaxing an inspiration area has been set up for many years and is popular among students. He explained that the main purpose of setting up this special zone is to provide students with a place to relax and inspire creativity. After studying, students can just think, have a snack and enjoy the beautiful city landscape outside. Currently, the library has six relaxing and inspiration areas next to the study in reading area, making them a good combination. The area is equipped with outdoor tables, chess plants and other facilities. The library is also planning to upgrade the zone by integrating elements of tradition and modernity to Better meet the needs of Young students. One believes that the popularity of the relaxing an inspiration area demonstrates a positive and simple way for Young people to deal with stress. He also recommends that more schools and workplaces set up such an area to meet the needs of people who seek a peaceful and inspiring environment. Now listen again, please. The relaxing and inspiration area in a library at guangdong university of finance and economics has unexpectedly ly become a hit online. According to the library director wang Jones chang, the relaxing and inspiration area has been set up for many years and is popular among students. He explained that the main purpose of setting up this special zone is to provide students with a place to relax and inspire creativity. After studying, students can just think, have a snack and enjoy the beautiful city landscape outside. Currently, the library has six relaxing and inspiration areas next to the study in reading area, making them a good combination. The area is equipped with outdoor tables, chairs, plants and other facilities. The library is also planning to upgrade the zone by integrating elements of tradition and modernity to Better meet the needs of Young students. Wong believes that the popularity of the relaxing and inspiration area demonstrates of positive and simple way for Young people to deal with stress. He also recommends that more schools and workplaces set up such an area to meet the needs of people who seek a peaceful and inspiring environment. Questions fourteen, what's the main purpose of the library setting up the relaxing and inspiration area? Fifteen, what is the library planning to do about the relaxing and inspiration area? Sixteen, what is the library director? Think of the relaxing and inspiration area. Question seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Mickey, good to see you. Hi, Susan. Hey, is everything okay? I got laid off last friday. Oh, i'm so sorry to hear that losing a job is such a nasty experience. Yeah, IT surely is. I guess I have been a bit depressed. I remember when I got fired three years ago. I felt awful for weeks, but getting fired turned out to be the best thing that ever happened to me. Why was that? IT gave me a shock that I really needed. I was just working day in and day out, never really thinking about my life for my career. So getting fired helped you reflect on these things. absolutely. I started asking myself what I really wanted to do. That makes sense. So what happened after you got fired? Did a new opportunity come your way? Not exactly. He took me about a year to figure out that opportunities wouldn't come my way. I learned that I have to create my own opportunities. So that's when you started your company. Yeah. I never would have thought in a million years that my interest in gardening were turning to a career that's cool. And IT doesn't offer me some hope. Now listen again, please, Mickey. Good to see you. Hi, Susan. Hey, is everything okay? I got laid off last friday. Oh, i'm so sorry to hear that losing a job is such a nasty experience. Yeah, IT surely is. I guess I have been a bit depressed. I remember when I got fired three years ago. I felt awful for weeks, but getting fired turned out to be the best thing that ever happened to me. Why was that? IT gave me a shock that I really needed. I was just working day in and day out, never really thinking about my life for my career. So getting fired helped you reflect on these things. absolutely. I started asking myself what I really wanted to do. That makes sense. So what happened after you got fired? Did a new opportunity come your way? Not exactly. He took me about a year to figure out that opportunities wouldn't come my way. I learned that I have to create my own opportunities. So that's when you started your company. Yeah. I never would have thought in a million years that my interest in gardening were turning to a career that's cool. And IT doesn't offer me some hope. Questions seventeen, what are the two speakers mainly talking about? Eighteen, what does the woman regard getting laid off as? Nineteen, why just women share her experience? Twenty, how does the man most probably feel after talking with the woman? That's the end of the listening . comprehension. 2024学年高一第二学期期末考试英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension（25’） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. In a library. B. In a laundry. C. In a lift. D. In a bakery. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Press twelve, please. Thank you. M: You’re welcome. That’s where I’m going. Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Boss and employee. B. Hotel receptionist and guest. C. Doctor and patient. D. Travel agent and customer. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Mr. Watson, I wonder whether it’s possible for me to take a vacation early next month. M: Did you fill out a request form? Q: What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Check the cafeteria later. B. Go to another place to eat. C. Go to the cafeteria of the bank. D. Cook something for themselves. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: I was going to get something to eat in the cafeteria, but it seems to be closed. W: Oh, that’s because it’s Sunday. Why don’t you come with me to a place opposite the bank? Q: What does the woman suggest they do? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He didn’t go to the club. B. He forgot meeting the woman. C. He slipped and got injured. D. He couldn’t keep his mind off the club. 【答案】A 【解析】 原文】W: Jack, did you forget that we were supposed to meet in the club last evening? M: Oh, I’m so sorry. It completely slipped my mind. Q: What can be learned about the man last evening? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Extend her project time. B. Finish the project as soon as possible. C. Reconsider her decision. D. Interview people except those in town. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Professor Johnson, I’m thinking of interviewing all the residents in town for my project. M: Well, that’s too challenging for such a short-term project. You’d better give it a second thought. Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? 6. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Look for another style. B. Give the sweater away as a gift. C. Try on a smaller sweater. D. Change the sweater for a bigger one. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: How do I look in this new sweater? I bought it in a hurry and didn’t even try it on. W: Well, I really like the style, but it looks a little tight. You’d better get the next size up. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He cancelled his interview. B. He’s disappointed with his interview. C. He shouldn’t have applied for the job. D. He doesn’t want to discuss the interview now. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: How did your job interview go? M: I don’t think I came across as well as I could have. Q: What does the man mean? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Ways to make money. B. Bob’s plan to open a coffee shop. C. The cow Bob is raising. D. The operation of Bob’s coffee shop. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: Hey, Bob. Ever since you opened your coffee shop, you have been very busy. Is the business going well and making money? M: Yeah! I can’t believe it. In fact, my coffee shop has become a real cash cow for me. Q: What are the two speakers mainly talking about? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. What the man is reading is too difficult. B. The man misjudges Mary’s expression. C. Mary’s habit caused her trouble in work. D. Mary dislikes reading books after work. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: From the look on Mary’s face, I think she’s having trouble with her boss. W: I think you are reading too much into it. Q: What does the woman imply? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She plans to read more than the required books. B. The books are all required for the history course. C. Some of the books are for courses other than history. D. She’s worried she may not finish the required reading. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Woo! Are all those books there required for the history class? W: No, a lot of these are optional. But you know when I do something, I usually do it 200 percent. Q: What does the woman mean? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. To distract the employer’s attention. B. To explain the features of the job applied for. C. To help you become the best candidate. D. To enable you to be noticed among applicants. 12. A. It should be at least one page long. B. It should be handed in during the interview. C. It should be customized to suit the job. D. It should emphasize the value of the company. 13. A. Your interest and hobbies. B. The details of your relevant skills. C. All your working experiences. D. A polite request for a proper salary. 【答案】11. D 12. C 13. B 【解析】 【原文】Are you tired of your job and in the market for a new one? Many people are these days. How can you get the attention of employers? The answer is a superior cover letter. The cover letter should be no more than one page in length. And it should explain why you are the best candidate for a job. The letter is to help you stand out from the other applicants. No matter how many you write, every cover letter should be different. Each one should be tailored to the job you are applying for. So before you start writing, find out some information about the job and the establishment. Then you’ll know what the company values and which skills and experiences your letter should focus on. In your first paragraph, quickly introduce yourself and talk about the position you are applying for. You should show why you are interested in the job and the company. Following the opening paragraph, you can discuss the relevant experiences. You can give in-depth details about why your skills fit the company’s needs. In the last lines, you should restate why you are a great fit. Then follow up with a polite request for an interview. This shows you are excited about the job. (Now listen again, please.) Questions: 11. What is the purpose of a cover letter? 12. Which is true about a cover letter? 13. What should be included in a cover letter? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. To provide a place for students to relax while studying. B. To provide a place for students to enjoy the city landscape. C. To provide a place for students to inspire more confidence. D. To provide a place for students to rest and enhance creativity. 15. A. To make it both traditional and modern. B. To enlarge it to accommodate more students. C. To upgrade it with more trendy facilities. D. To make it attract both students and teachers. 16. A. It contributes to peace in society. B. It helps people handle stress. C. It’s common in workplaces as well. D. It is good for the environment. 【答案】14. D 15. A 16. B 【解析】 【原文】The “relaxing and inspiration area” in a library at Guangdong University of Finance & Economics has unexpectedly become a hit online. According to the library director, Wang Zhongzheng, the “relaxing and inspiration area” has been set up for many years and is popular among students. He explained that the main purpose of setting up this special zone is to provide students with a place to relax and inspire creativity after studying. Students can just think, have a snack, and enjoy the beautiful city landscape outside. Currently, the library has six “relaxing and inspiration areas” next to the study and reading area, making them a good combination. The area is equipped with outdoor tables, chairs, plants, and other facilities. The library is also planning to upgrade the zone by integrating elements of tradition and modernity to better meet the needs of young students. Wang believes that the popularity of the “relaxing and inspiration area” demonstrates a positive and simple way for young people to deal with stress. He also recommends that more schools and workplaces set up such an area to meet the needs of people who seek a peaceful and inspiring environment. (Now listen again, please.) Questions: 14. What’s the main purpose of the library setting up the “relaxing and inspiration area”? 15. What is the library planning to do about the “relaxing and inspiration area”? 16. What does the library director think of the “relaxing and inspiration area”? 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. The consequences of losing a job. B. The significance of having an interest. C. The right attitude to unemployment. D. The possible reasons for getting fired. 18. A. A result of being less competent. B. A valuable time to develop an interest. C. A shock that might depress a person. D. An opportunity to reconsider one’s career. 19. A. To reflect on her life and show the benefits of starting a company. B. To comfort the man and help him respond actively to the situation. C. To teach the man tips on how to make opportunities come one’s way. D. To illustrate that gardening is a promising field for the man to get into. 20. A. Hopeful. B. Excited. C. Depressed. D. Concerned. 【答案】17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A 【解析】 【原文】W: Mickey! Good to see you! M: Hi, Suzanne! W: Hey, is everything okay? M: I got laid off last Friday. W: Oh...I’m so sorry to hear that. Losing a job is such a nasty experience. M: Yeah...it surely is. I guess I have been a bit depressed. W: I remember when I got fired three years ago, I felt awful for weeks. But getting fired turned out to be the best thing that ever happened to me. M: Why was that? W: It gave me a shock that I really needed. I was just working day in and day out, never really thinking about my life or my career. M: So getting fired helped you reflect on these things? W: Absolutely! I started asking myself what I really wanted to do. M: That makes sense. So what happened after you got fired? Did a new opportunity come your way? W: Not exactly. It took me about a year to figure out that opportunities wouldn’t come my way... I learnt that I have to create my own opportunities. M: So that’s when you started your company. W: Yeah! I never would’ve thought in a million years that my interest in gardening would turn into a career! M: That’s cool...and it does offer me some hope. (Now listen again, please.) Questions: 1. What are the two speakers mainly talking about? 2. What does the woman regard getting laid off as? 3. Why does the woman share her experience? 4. How does the man most probably feel after talking with the woman? II. Grammar and Vocabulary (42’) Section A (12’) Directions: After reading the sentence or the passage, fill in the blanks by using the given word in the bracket to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. Napping during the day is an ancient custom that is practiced worldwide. While some people view napping as a luxurious indulgence, ____21____ see it as a way to maintain alertness and well-being. But napping can come with drawbacks ____22____ benefits. As an orofacial pain specialist, I have extensive education in sleep medicine and ____23____ sleep impacts wellness, due mostly to the relationship between sleep and painful conditions such as headaches and facial pain. My training involved all aspects of sleep, especially sleep breathing disorders, insomnia and sleep-related movement disorders. As such, I’m aware of ____24____ complex nature of napping, and why a short nap – that is, a nap during the daytime that lasts from 20 to 30 minutes – may be beneficial in myriad ways. Research shows that there are many benefits to napping. Short naps can boost mental functioning and memory, and improve alertness, attention and reaction time. Besides, short naps ____25____(link) to increased productivity and creativity. Because napping seems to improve creative thinking, some companies have attempted to harness (利用)  this ____26____ introducing napping rooms into the workplace. What’s more, it appears that the brain uses nap time to process information ____27____(gather) throughout the day, which appears to enhance problem-solving abilities. One small study revealed that people who took short naps were ____28____(frustrated) and impulsive, which resulted in better focus and efficiency when performing work-related tasks. Napping may even lead to an ____29____(improve) ability to learn new motor skills, such as a golf swing or the playing of a musical instrument. This is because these memories or skills become consolidated in the brain during sleep, _____30_____ at night or while napping. While usually, the longer the nap, the more sleep inertia there is to overcome. This _____31_____ impair (损害) cognitive function from several minutes up to half an hour. In many cases, these effects can be minimized by consuming caffeine directly after the nap. But it is important to note that caffeine is not a substitute for sleep. Caffeine acts to temporarily block the action of a chemical known as adenosine (腺苷), a sleep-promoting agent that builds up during waking hours. If you are habitually dependent on caffeine consumption to keep you awake and alert, it may suggest that there is an underlying sleep disorder such as insomnia or sleep apnea, _____32_____ a person temporarily stops breathing during sleep. 【答案】21. others 22. as well as 23. how 24. the 25. are linked 26. by 27. gathered 28. less frustrated 29. improved 30. whether 31. can##could 32. in which##where 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了白天小睡的古今情况、利弊，专家对其复杂性的认识，以及短睡的诸多益处和长睡的影响。 【21题详解】 考查代词。句意：有些人认为午睡是一种奢侈的放纵，而另一些人则认为这是一种保持警觉和健康的方式。分析句子可知，此处while 引导对比，“some people...others...”为固定搭配，表示“一些人…… 另一些人……”，所以此处填代词others。故填others。 【22题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：但是午睡有好处也有坏处。“drawbacks as well as benefits”表示“缺点和优点”，此处为固定短语as well as 表示“和，也”连接并列名词。故填as well as。 【23题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：作为一名口腔面部疼痛专家，我在睡眠医学和睡眠如何影响健康方面受过广泛的教育，主要是因为睡眠与头痛和面部疼痛等疼痛状况之间的关系。分析句子可知，设空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺方式状语，此处为连接副词how 表示“如何”，意为“睡眠如何影响健康”。故填how。 【24题详解】 考查冠词。句意：因此，我意识到午睡的复杂性，以及为什么短时间的午睡——也就是白天持续20到30分钟的午睡——可能在很多方面都有益。分析句子可知，特指打盹的复杂性，用定冠词 the修饰“complex nature”。故填the。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语和主谓一致。句意：此外，小睡一会儿还能提高工作效率和创造力。be linked to“与…… 相关”为固定短语，主语 naps 为复数，用are。故填are linked。 【26题详解】 考查介词。句意：因为小睡似乎可以提高创造性思维，一些公司试图通过在工作场所引入午睡室来利用这一点。分析句子可知，此处“by + 动名词”表示方式，“通过引入午睡室”，所以此处介词by的填入。故填by。 【27题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：更重要的是，大脑似乎利用午睡时间来处理一整天收集到的信息，这似乎增强了解决问题的能力。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰information，information和gather为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填gathered。 【28题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：一项小型研究显示，小睡一会儿的人不那么容易沮丧和冲动，因此在执行与工作相关的任务时，注意力更集中，效率更高。根据后文“better focus”可知用比较级，此处表示“更少沮丧”，满足句意要求。故填less frustrated。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：小睡甚至可以提高学习新运动技能的能力，比如高尔夫球挥杆或演奏乐器。由空后ability可知，此处为形容词improved“提高的，改进的”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填improved。 【30题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：这是因为这些记忆或技能在睡眠期间在大脑中得到巩固，无论是在晚上还是在午睡时。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型，whether...or...表示“无论……还是……”，满足句意要求。故填whether。 【31题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：这会损害认知功能，时间从几分钟到半小时不等。根据句意可知，此处情态动词can/could表示“可能”，“这可能损害认知功能”。故填can/could。 【32题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：如果你习惯性地依赖咖啡因来保持清醒和警觉，这可能表明你有潜在的睡眠障碍，如失眠或睡眠呼吸暂停，在这种情况下，一个人在睡眠中暂时停止呼吸。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句修饰先行词insomnia or sleep apnea，先行词insomnia or sleep apnea在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where或介词in+关系代词which引导。故填in which或where。 Section B (30’) A Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the boxes. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Aease B.self-conscious C.navigate D.composition AB.irrationality AC.barely AD.regular BC.master BD.initially CD.pursuits ABC. criticisms Teens need real jobs, not elite internships The vogue for teenagers doing prestigious internships or having “enrichment experiences” may have gone too far in the narrow swath of society that can afford this dubious (微不足道的) luxury. Well-meaning parents believe that they’re offering their kids something better than a/an ____33____, traditional summer job. But are they? When I was in college, I worked at Bartley’s Burger Cottage. My hair and clothes smelled like grease, and I had to learn the precise ____34____ of the “Kennedy Burger” and maybe 47 other burgers, but it was a great job. There was something relaxing or liberating about doing work completely unrelated to our futures or career goals or creative ____35____. Would we have been happier if we were interning at publishing houses or consulting firms? I am not so sure. While it can seem like kids in fancy internships with carefully curated resumes are better prepared for life, that may not be entirely true. One of my daughter’s friends told me about missing a flight for a very important presentation at her internship that Monday. She ended up spending money she had been saving up for the school year to buy a very expensive ticket to make it back in time, and getting ____36____ any sleep. When she arrived, it turned out no one was around to hear her very important presentation. In that internship, she felt anxious, a little ____37____, and was fairly quiet. But in her restaurant job she was more relaxed. She found herself opening up to strangers, learning to banter (打趣), to talk to anyone, to put people at ____38____. Working in a restaurant or store is a/an ____39____ class in human interaction. You learn how to respond to ____40____, to pettiness (吹毛求疵), to demanding or fickle desires, to unruly or unfair ____41____, which are highly useful skills to master when you are young. You are exposed to a variety of colorful strangers. You figure out how to manage all kinds of situations. And, of course, learning to ____42____ people is something you need in every profession, in every walk of life. 【答案】33. AD 34. D 35. CD 36. AC 37. B 38. A 39. BC 40. AB 41. ABC 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了青少年应做普通工作而非精英实习。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：善意的父母认为他们为孩子提供的比一份普通的、传统的暑期工作要好。根据后文“traditional summer job”可知，空格处应填形容词修饰名词“summer job”，结合前文“Well-meaning parents believe that they’re offering their kids something better”可知，此处指普通的、传统的暑期工作，regular“普通的，常规的”为形容词，符合句意。故填AD。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：我的头发和衣服闻起来有油味，我必须学习“肯尼迪汉堡”和可能其他47种汉堡的确切配料，但这是一份很棒的工作。根据前文“learn the precise”和后文“of the “Kennedy Burger” and maybe 47 other burgers”可知，需要学习“肯尼迪汉堡”和可能其他47种汉堡的确切配料。空格处应填名词作learn的宾语，composition“配料，构成”为名词，符合句意。故填D。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：做与我们的未来、职业目标或创造性追求完全无关的工作，有一种放松或解放的感觉。根据前文“our futures or career goals or creative”可知，空格处应填名词，结合句意，此处指创造性追求，pursuits“追求”为名词，符合句意。故填CD。 【36题详解】 考查副词。句意：她最终花了为学年攒下的钱买了一张非常昂贵的机票，以便及时赶回去，却几乎没有得到任何睡眠。根据前文“She ended up spending money she had been saving up for the school year to buy a very expensive ticket to make it back in time”可知，此处指几乎没有得到任何睡眠，空格处应填副词修饰动词getting，barely“几乎不”为副词，符合句意。故填AC。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在那次实习中，她感到焦虑，有点不自在，而且相当安静。根据前文“she felt anxious”可知，此处指有点不自在，空格处应填形容词作表语，self-conscious“不自在的，难为情的”为形容词，符合句意。故填B。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：她发现自己愿意向陌生人敞开心扉，学会了打趣，和任何人交谈，让人们感到轻松。根据前文“put people at”可知，此处指让人们感到轻松，空格处应填名词作宾语，ease“轻松，舒适”为名词，符合句意。故填A。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在餐馆或商店工作是一门人际交往的大师级课程。根据后文“class in human interaction”可知，此处在餐馆或商店工作是人际交往的大师级必修课。空格处应填名词作定语修饰class，master“大师”，符合语境。故填BC。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：你学会如何应对非理性、吹毛求疵、苛刻或反复无常的欲望、无序或不公平的批评，这些都是年轻时需要掌握的非常有用的技能。根据前文“respond to”和后文“to pettiness (吹毛求疵), to demanding or fickle desires”可知，此处irrationality“非理性”为名词，和后文的“to pettiness (吹毛求疵), to demanding or fickle desires”并列，表示学会如何应对非理性、吹毛求疵、苛刻等，符合句意。故填AB。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：你学会如何应对非理性、吹毛求疵、苛刻或反复无常的欲望、无序或不公平的批评，这些都是年轻时需要掌握的非常有用的技能。根据前文“unruly or unfair”可知，此处指不公平的批评，空格处应填名词，criticisms“批评”为名词，符合句意。故填ABC。 【42题详解】 考查动词。句意：当然，学会与人打交道是你在每个职业、每个生活领域都需要的东西。根据前文“learning to”可知，此处指学会与人打交道，空格处应填动词原形构成不定式作宾语，navigate“与……打交道”为动词，符合句意。故填C。 B Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the boxes. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. motivation B. exposure C. typically D. identify AB. underlying AC. clinical AD. conserve BC. body BD. unique CD. oddly ABC. practices What comes to mind when you think about winter? Snowflakes? Mittens? Reindeer? In much of the Northern Hemisphere, winter means colder temperatures, shorter days and year-end holidays. Along with these changes, a growing ____43____ of research in psychology and related fields suggests that winter also brings some profound changes in how people think, feel and behave. While it’s one thing to ____44____ seasonal tendencies in the population, it’s much trickier to try to untangle why they exist. Some of winter’s effects have been tied to cultural norms and ____45____, while others likely reflect our bodies’ innate biological responses to changing meteorological (气象学的) and ecological conditions. The natural and cultural changes that come with winter often occur simultaneously, making it challenging to tease apart (仔细分离) the causes ____46____ these seasonal swings. With our colleagues Alexandra Wormley and Mark Schaller, we recently conducted an extensive survey of these findings. Do you find yourself feeling down in the winter months? You’re not alone. As the days grow shorter, the American Psychiatric Association estimates that about 5% of Americans will experience a form of depression known as seasonal affective disorder, or SAD. People experiencing SAD tend to have feelings of hopelessness, decreased ____47____ to take part in activities they generally enjoy, and lethargy. Even those who don’t meet the ____48____ threshold (门槛) for this disorder may see increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms; in fact, some estimates suggest more than 40% of Americans experience these symptoms to some degree in the winter months. Scientists link SAD and more general increases in depression in the winter to decreased ____49____ to sunlight, which leads to lower levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin (血清素). Consistent with the idea that sunlight plays a key role, SAD tends to be more common in more northern regions of the world, like Scandinavia and Alaska, where the days are shortest and the winters longest. Humans, special as we may be, are not ____50____ in showing some of these seasonally linked changes. For instance, our primate relative the Rhesus macaque shows seasonal declines in mood. Some scientists have noted that SAD shows many parallels to hibernation — the long snooze during which brown bears, ground squirrels and many other species turn down their metabolism and skip out on the worst of winter. Seasonal affective disorder may have its roots in adaptations that ____51____ energy at a time of year when food was _____52_____ scarce and when lower temperatures pose greater energetic demands on the body. 【答案】43. BC 44. D 45. ABC 46. AB 47. A 48. AC 49. B 50. BD 51. AD 52. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了冬季对人类心理和行为的影响，分析了季节性情感障碍SAD的成因，包括阳光接触减少导致的生理变化，及其可能与动物冬眠相似的进化适应机制，并指出人类并非唯一表现季节性变化的物种。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：除了这些变化，心理学及相关领域日益增多的研究表明，冬天还会给人们的思维、感受和行为带来一些深刻变化。空处和a growing及of搭配，修饰research，名词body符合题意，构成固定表达a growing body of“越来越多的”，表示“日益增多的研究”。故选BC。 【44题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然识别人群中的季节性倾向是一回事，但试图厘清它们为何存在则要棘手得多。it为形式主语，空处和to构成不定式，作真正的主语，结合“seasonal tendencies in the population”可推知，动词identify“识别”符合题意，表示“识别人群中的季节性倾向”。故选D。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：冬天的某些影响与文化规范和习俗有关，而其他影响可能反映了我们身体对气象和生态条件变化的先天生物反应。空处和norms并列，作介词to的宾语，结合“cultural norms”可推知，名词practices“习俗”符合题意，表示“文化规范和习俗”。故选ABC。 【46题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：冬天伴随的自然和文化变化往往同时发生，这使得厘清这些季节性波动的根本原因变得具有挑战性。空处和these seasonal swings搭配，作修饰causes的定语，结合“tease apart”可推知，现在分词underlying“为……的起因”符合题意，表示“季节性波动的根本原因”。故选AB。 【47题详解】 考查名词。句意：SAD患者通常会有绝望感、参与日常喜爱活动的动力下降以及嗜睡症状。空处和feelings及lethargy并列，作have的宾语，结合“to take part in activities”可推知，名词motivation“动力”符合题意，表示“参与日常喜爱活动的动力下降”。故选A。 【48题详解】 考查形容词。句意：即使未达到该障碍的临床诊断标准的人，也可能出现焦虑和抑郁症状加重；事实上，有估计表明超过40%的美国人冬季会不同程度经历这些症状。空处作修饰threshold的定语，结合“for this disorder”可推知，形容词clinical“临床的”符合题意，表示“该障碍的临床诊断标准”。故选AC。 【49题详解】 考查名词。句意：科学家将SAD及冬季更普遍的抑郁加重与阳光接触减少联系起来，这会导致神经递质血清素水平降低。空处作介词to的宾语，结合“to sunlight”可推知，名词exposure“接触”符合题意，表示“阳光接触减少”。故选B。 【50题详解】 考查形容词。句意：人类尽管可能很特别，但在表现某些季节性相关变化方面并非独一无二。空处作表语，结合“special as we may be”可推知，形容词unique“独一无二的”符合题意，表示“并非独一无二”。故选BD。 【51题详解】 考查动词。句意：季节性情感障碍可能源于一种适应机制：在一年中食物通常匮乏且低温对身体能量需求更高的时期节约能量。空处作that引导的定语从句的谓语，that替代先行词adaptations，在从句中作主语，结合“energy at a time of year”可推知，动词conserve“节约”符合题意，表示“节约能量”。故选AD。 【52题详解】 考查副词。句意：季节性情感障碍可能源于一种适应机制：在一年中食物通常匮乏且低温对身体能量需求更高的时期节约能量。空处作修饰形容词scarce的状语，副词typically“一般，通常”符合题意，表示“食物通常匮乏”。故选C。 III. Cloze (30’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A Since the start of the industrial revolution, there have been threats that new machines — from mechanised looms to microchips — would usurp (侵占) human jobs. For the most part, the humans have prevailed (获胜，盛行). Now, say some experts, with AI ubiquity on the horizon, the ____53____ is being realised: the robots really are coming for some jobs. A March 2023 report from Goldman Sachs estimated that AI capable of content generation could do a quarter of all the work ____54____ done by humans. Across the European Union and US, the report further notes, 300 million jobs could be lost to ____55____. And that could be dire, says Martin Ford, author of Rule of the Robots: How Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Everything. “It's not just that this would happen to ____56____, but it could be pretty systemic,” he says. “It could happen to a lot of people, potentially quite suddenly, potentially all at the same time. And that has ____57____ not just for those individuals, but for the whole economy.” Thankfully, it’s not all bad news. The experts ____58____ their warnings with a caveat: there are still things AI isn’t capable of — tasks that involve ____59____ human qualities, like emotional intelligence and outside-the-box thinking. And moving into roles that center those skills could help ____60____ the chances of being replaced. “I think there are generally three ____61____ that are going to be relatively insulated (绝缘的，隔热的) in the foreseeable future,” says Ford. “The first would be jobs that are genuinely _____62_____: you’re not doing formulaic work or just rearranging things, but you're genuinely coming up with new ideas and building something new.” The second safe zone, he continues, is jobs that require _____63_____ interpersonal relationships. He points to nurses, business consultants and investigative journalists. These are jobs, he says, “where you need a very deep _____64_____ of people. I think it’ll be a long time before AI has the ability to interact in the kinds of ways that really build relationships”. The third safe zone, says Ford, “are jobs that really require lots of mobility and dexterity and problem-solving ability in _____65_____ environments”. Many trade jobs – think electricians, plumbers, welders and the like – fall under this umbrella. “These are the kinds of jobs where you're dealing with a new situation all the time,” he adds. “They are probably the hardest of anything to automate. In order to automate jobs like this, you would need a science fiction robot. You’d need Star Wars’s C-3PO.” While humans will likely remain in jobs that fall within those categories, that doesn’t mean those professions are totally insulated from the ascent of AI. In fact, says Joanne Song McLaughlin, associate professor of labor economics at the University of Buffalo, US, most jobs, regardless of _____66_____, have aspects that are likely to be automated by the _____67_____. In short, seeking roles in dynamic, shifting environments that include unpredictable tasks is good way to stave off (挡开，避开 ) job loss to AI. At least, for a while. 53. A. issue B. threat C. ambition D. target 54. A. temporarily B. potentially C. currently D. probably 55. A. automation B. revolution C. imagination D. information 56. A. individuals B. white collars C. manual workers D. designers 57. A. benefits B. comments C. fascinations D. implications 58. A. receive B. propose C. issue D. cancel 59. A. indifferently B. distinctly C. deliberately D. collaboratively 60. A. increase B. lessen C. seize D. treasure 61 A. contents B. preferences C. factors D. categories 62. A. traditional B. physical C. creative D. mental 63. A. distant B. foreseeable C. simple D. sophisticated 64. A. administration B. development C. understanding D. misinterpretation 65. A. unpredictable B. dangerous C. controllable D. noisy 66. A. position B. occupation C. income D. industry 67. A. engineer B. technology C. potential D. tendency 【答案】53. B 54. C 55. A 56. A 57. D 58. C 59. B 60. B 61. D 62. C 63. D 64. C 65. A 66. D 67. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了随着人工智能的发展，其对人类就业的威胁以及人类仍具有优势的工作领域，强调在动态、多变环境且包含不可预测任务的工作更能避免被人工智能取代。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，一些专家表示，随着人工智能即将无处不在，这种威胁正在成为现实：机器人真的要来抢夺一些工作岗位了。A. issue问题；B. threat威胁；C. ambition抱负；D. target目标。根据上文“there have been threats that new machines — from mechanised looms to microchips — would usurp (侵占) human jobs”可知，此处指新机器抢夺人类工作岗位的威胁正在成为现实。故选B项。 【54题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：高盛2023年3月的一份报告估计，能够生成内容的人工智能可以完成目前由人类完成的所有工作的四分之一。A. temporarily暂时地；B. potentially潜在地；C. currently目前；D. probably可能。根据语境和下文“done by humans.”可知，此处是说人工智能能完成目前人类所做工作的四分之一，currently符合语义。故选C项。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该报告进一步指出，在欧盟和美国，3亿个工作岗位可能会因自动化而消失。A. automation自动化；B. revolution革命；C. imagination想象；D. information信息。根据上文“AI capable of content generation could do a quarter of all the work...done by humans.”可知，提到人工智能对人类工作的威胁，这里指工作岗位因自动化（人工智能属于自动化范畴）而消失。故选A项。 【56题详解】 考查名词词义和短语辨析。句意：《机器人规则：人工智能将如何改变一切》一书的作者马丁·福特说，这不仅仅会发生在个人身上，而且可能是系统性的。A. individuals个人；B. white collars白领；C. manual workers体力劳动者；D. designers设计师。根据下文“but it could be pretty systemic”以及“it could happen to a lot of people”以及“those individuals”可知，这里强调不只是个人会受影响，而是很多人，具有系统性。故选A项。 【57题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不仅对那些个人，而且对整个经济都有影响。A. benefits益处；B. comments评论；C. fascinations魅力；D. implications影响。上文“the report further notes, 300 million jobs could be lost”提到大量工作岗位可能消失，可知这对个人和经济都会产生影响。故选D项。 【58题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：专家们在发出警告的同时也提出了一项告诫：仍然有一些事情是人工智能无法做到的——那些涉及独特人类品质的任务，比如情商和创造性思维。A. receive收到；B. propose提议；C. issue发布，发出；D. cancel取消。根据下文“their warnings”可知，是专家发出警告，issue符合语境。故选C项。 【59题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：专家们在发出警告的同时也提出了一项告诫：仍然有一些事情是人工智能无法做到的——那些涉及独特人类品质的任务，比如情商和创造性思维。A. indifferently冷漠地；B. distinctly独特地；C. deliberately故意地；D. collaboratively合作地。根据下文“human qualities, like emotional intelligence and outside-the-box thinking”可知，情商和创造性思维是人类独特的品质。故选B项。 【60题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：转向以这些技能为核心的工作岗位有助于降低被取代的可能性。A. increase增加；B. lessen减少；C. seize抓住；D. treasure珍视。根据上文“AI isn’t capable of — tasks that involve... human qualities”可知，提到人工智能无法完成涉及独特人类品质的任务，所以从事这类工作能减少被取代几率。故选B项。 【61题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：福特说：“我认为在可预见的未来，一般来说有三个类别相对不受影响。”A. contents内容；B. preferences偏好；C. factors因素；D. categories类别。根据下文提到的“The first...The second...The third...”可知，这里指三个工作类别。故选D项。 【62题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先是真正具有创造性的工作：你不是在做公式化的工作，或者只是重新整理一些东西，而是真正提出新的想法并构建新的东西。A. traditional传统的；B. physical体力的；C. creative创造性的；D. mental脑力的。根据“you're genuinely coming up with new ideas and building something new”可知，此处指具有创造性的工作。故选C项。 【63题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他接着说，第二个安全区是需要复杂人际关系的工作。A. distant遥远的；B. foreseeable可预见的；C. simple简单的；D. sophisticated复杂的。根据下文“where you need a very deep ....of people. I think it’ll be a long time before AI has the ability to interact in the kinds of ways that really build relationships”可知，这些工作需要深入了解人，建立关系，所以是复杂的人际关系。故选D项。 【64题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说，这些工作“需要对人有非常深入的理解。我认为，人工智能要具备以真正建立关系的方式进行互动的能力，还需要很长时间”。A. administration管理；B. development发展；C. understanding理解；D. misinterpretation误解。上文“require..interpersonal relationships.”提到需要复杂人际关系的工作，可知这里指深入理解人。故选C项。 【65题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：福特说，第三个安全区“是那些在不可预测的环境中真正需要大量移动性、灵活性和解决问题能力的工作”。A. unpredictable不可预测的；B. dangerous危险的；C. controllable可控制的；D. noisy嘈杂的。根据下文“These are the kinds of jobs where you're dealing with a new situation all the time”可知，总是面对新情况，所以是不可预测的环境。故选A项。 【66题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，美国布法罗大学劳动经济学副教授乔安妮·宋·麦克劳克林说，大多数工作，无论所属行业，都有可能被这项技术自动化的方面。A. position职位；B. occupation职业；C. income收入；D. industry行业。根据上文“in jobs”可知，这里强调无论什么行业的工作都可能有部分被自动化，故选D项。 【67题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，美国布法罗大学劳动经济学副教授乔安妮·宋·麦克劳克林说，大多数工作，无论所属行业，都有可能被这项技术自动化的方面。A. engineer工程师；B. technology技术；C. potential潜力；D. tendency趋势。根据上文提到人工智能对工作的影响，并结合上文“are likely to be automated”可知，这里指被人工智能这项技术自动化。故选B项。 B For all the talk of dogs and humans being best friends, sometimes representatives of the two species just don’t click. Giving up an unsuitable family pet can be heartbreaking, but, if the animal is an expensive working dog, it can also be financially ruinous. Guide dogs, for example, can cost up to $50,000 to train, but about a third are returned because they don’t click with their allocated owner. To cut down on the number of ____68____, researchers in Germany are trying to develop more harmonious pooch-person relationships. Their work towards that goal has now confirmed what many dog-owners already suspect, and what some may be ____69____ to admit: dogs really do look like their humans. More relevant to the quest for lasting friendships, they have similar ____70____ too. “We are interested in understanding what makes a good dog-owner match and to find out how we can find the right dog for a person,” says Yana Bender, a PhD student at the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology in Jena. “To do that, we first need to establish the status quo(现状): are dogs and their owners ____71____ more similar or more different?” Writing in the journal Personality and Individual Differences, Ms Bender and her colleagues have reviewed the ____72____ evidence to show how the similarities show through. One domain concerns physical appearance. While it might sound barking, numerous studies in recent decades have shown that people really can match pictures of dogs to their owners more often and more ____73____ than would be possible with guesswork alone. Some sources of similarity are clear: women with short hair tend to own dogs with short ears, for example, while those with long hair tend to ____74____ long-eared breeds. People with higher body-mass-indices also tend to have more overweight dogs. Other connections are less ____75____, as shown by research revealing dogs and owners can be correctly ____76____ from pictures in which only their eyes are visible. A similar affinity bias may be at play for invisible characteristics as well, with owners’ personality traits _____77_____ in the way their dogs behave. ____78____ owners have dogs that are more nervous around strangers, neurotics are more likely to pair with aggressive pets and conscientious people own dogs that are more motivated and easier to train. Owners of breeds classed as dangerous, such as the _____79_____ XL Bully, rate themselves higher on traits like sensation-seeking and psychopathy. What is going on? Psychologists have known for decades that humans place more _____80_____ on relationships with people that look and behave like them, and the same seems to _____81_____ dogs. Women with short hair rate short-eared breeds such as the Siberian Husky and Basenji as friendlier and more intelligent. Long-haired women think the same about Beagles and Springer Spaniels. The phenomenon of matching personalities appears to be more complex than that of matching looks. _____82_____ people simply selecting a dog they believe matches their personality, the moods and behaviour of the owner could influence and shape the dog over time—and to a lesser extent, vice versa. Being around less confident people, for example, could make a dog more nervous, while having an anxious dog can exacerbate an owner’s worries. 68. A. mistakes B. mismatches C. misconceptions D. misfortunes 69. A. ready B. anxious C. confident D. reluctant 70. A. personalities B. appearances C. preferences D. tastes 71. A. especially B. coincidentally C. generally D. previously 72. A. adaptable B. acceptable C. available D. additional 73. A. randomly B. reliably C. regretfully D. respectively 74. A. introduce B. dislike C. improve D. favor 75. A. obvious B. complicated C. indirect D. vague 76. A. trained B. restricted C. paired D. navigated 77. A. recorded B. mirrored C. rewarded D. mastered 78. A. Extroverted B. Intelligent C. Careful D. Introverted 79. A. friendly B. notorious C. remarkable D. peculiar 80. A. value B. performance C. strength D. advantage 81. A. refer to B. react to C. subject to D. apply to 82. A. In particular B. Or rather C. Rather than D. In response 【答案】68. B 69. D 70. A 71. C 72. C 73. B 74. D 75. A 76. C 77. B 78. D 79. B 80. A 81. D 82. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了德国研究人员为了减少人与宠物狗之间的不匹配现象，正在研究如何建立更和谐的人狗关系。研究发现，人与狗在外貌和性格上有相似之处，而且人的情绪和行为也可能影响并塑造狗的性格。这些发现有助于人们更好地理解人与狗之间的匹配关系，并为人选择合适的宠物狗提供了参考。 【68题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了减少不匹配的数量，德国的研究人员正在努力发展更和谐的人狗关系。A. mistakes错误；B. mismatches不匹配；C. misconceptions误解；D. misfortunes不幸。根据上文“Giving up an unsuitable family pet can be heartbreaking, but, if the animal is an expensive working dog, it can also be financially ruinous”（放弃一个不适合的家庭宠物可能令人心碎，但如果宠物是一只昂贵的工作犬，也可能造成经济上的毁灭）可知，为了减少人与宠物狗之间的不匹配，德国的研究人员正在研究更和谐的人狗关系。故选B项。 【69题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们朝着这个目标所做的工作已经证实了许多养狗人已经怀疑的事情，以及一些人可能不情愿承认的事情：狗看起来真的和它们的主人很像。A. ready准备好的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. confident自信的；D. reluctant不情愿的。根据上文“their work towards that goal has now confirmed what many dog-owners already suspect”（他们为实现这一目标所做的工作现在证实了许多狗主人已经怀疑的事情）可知，他们的研究已经证实了许多养狗人已经怀疑的事情，即人与狗在外貌上有相似之处，这是有些人可能不愿意承认的。故选D项。 【70题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在寻求持久友谊方面，他们也有相似的性格。A. personalities性格；B. appearances外貌；C. preferences偏好；D. tastes品味。根据后文“a similar affinity bias may be at play for invisible characteristics as well, with owners’ personality traits”（类似的亲和力偏见也可能对无形特征起作用，包括主人的性格特征）可知，除了外貌上的相似，人与狗在性格等不可见的特征上也有相似之处。故选A项。 【71题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了做到这一点，我们首先需要确定现状：狗和它们的主人一般来说更相似还是更不同？A. especially尤其；B. coincidentally巧合地；C. generally一般地；D. previously以前。根据后文“more similar or more different”可知，此处是在询问狗和它们的主人一般来说是更相似还是更不同，应用generally。故选C项。 【72题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在《个性和个体差异》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，本德女士和她的同事回顾了现有的证据，以证明这种相似性是如何表现出来的。A. adaptable可适应的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. available可获得的，现有的；D. additional额外的。根据后文“evidence to show how the similarities show through”可知，此处是指为了证明这种相似性是如何表现出来的，他们回顾了现有的证据。故选C项。 【73题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然这听起来可能有些牵强，但近几十年的众多研究表明，人们真的能更频繁、更可靠地将狗的图片与它们的主人的图片匹配起来，而仅仅靠猜测是不可能的。A. randomly随机地；B. reliably可靠地；C. regretfully遗憾地；D. respectively分别地。根据上文“One domain concerns physical appearance”可知，此处是在说明外貌上的相似性，即人们能更可靠地将狗的图片与它们的主人的图片匹配起来。故选B项。 【74题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些相似性来源是显而易见的：例如，短发的女性往往拥有短耳朵的狗，而长发的女性往往喜欢长耳朵的品种。A. introduce介绍；B. dislike不喜欢；C. improve提高；D. favor喜欢。根据上文“women with short hair tend to own dogs with short ears”可知，短发女性往往拥有短耳朵的狗，此处与之并列，指的是长发女性往往喜欢长耳朵的狗品种。故选D项。 【75题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他联系就不那么明显了，有研究表明，仅从眼睛可见的图片中，就能正确地将狗和主人配对。A. obvious明显的；B. complicated复杂的；C. indirect间接的；D. vague模糊的。根据上文“Some sources of similarity are clear”可知，上文提到了一些明显的相似性来源，此处指其他联系就不那么明显了。故选A项。 【76题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他联系就不那么明显了，有研究表明，仅从眼睛可见的图片中，就能正确地将狗和主人配对。A. trained训练；B. restricted限制；C. paired配对；D. navigated导航。根据后文“from pictures in which only their eyes are visible”可知，此处是指仅通过眼睛就能正确地将狗和主人配对。故选C项。 【77题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在不可见的特征上也可能存在类似的亲和力偏差，主人的性格特征在狗的行为中得到反映。A. recorded记录；B. mirrored反映；C. rewarded奖励；D. mastered掌握。根据上文“a similar affinity bias may be at play for invisible characteristics as well”可知，在不可见的特征上也存在亲和力偏差，即主人的性格特征在狗的行为中得到反映。故选B项。 【78题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：内向的主人养的狗在陌生人面前更紧张，神经质的人更可能搭配攻击性宠物，有责任心的人养的狗更有动力，也更容易训练。A. Extroverted外向的；B. Intelligent聪明的；C. Careful小心的；D. Introverted内向的。根据后文“dogs that are more nervous around strangers”可知，此处是指内向的主人在陌生人面前更紧张，所以养的狗也会更紧张。故选D项。 【79题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：养被列为危险品种狗的主人，比如臭名昭著的美国恶霸犬，他们在寻求刺激和精神变态等特质上给自己的评分更高。A. friendly友好的；B. notorious臭名昭著的；C. remarkable非凡的；D. peculiar奇怪的。根据上文“breeds classed as dangerous”可知，此处是指被列为危险品种的狗，应用notorious突出名声不好。故选B项。 【80题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家几十年来就知道，人类更看重与外表和行为相似的人的关系，而狗似乎也是如此。A. value价值；B. performance表现；C. strength力量；D. advantage优势。根据后文“on relationships with people that look and behave like them”可知，此处是指人类更看重与外表和行为相似的人的关系。place value on“重视”。故选A项。 【81题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：心理学家几十年来就知道，人类更看重与外表和行为相似的人的关系，而狗似乎也是如此。A. refer to参考；B. react to对……作出反应；C. subject to易遭受；D. apply to适用于。根据上文“Psychologists have known for decades that humans place more ____13____ on relationships with people that look and behave like them,”及后文“dogs”可知，此处是指狗似乎也是这样，即人类更看重与外表和行为相似的人的关系这一规律同样适用于狗。故选D项。 【82题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：与其说是人们只是选择了一只他们认为与自己性格相匹配的狗，不如说主人的情绪和行为可能会随着时间的推移影响并塑造狗——反之亦然，但程度较轻。A. In particular尤其；B. Or rather更确切地说；C. Rather than而不是；D. In response作为回应。根据后文“the moods and behaviour of the owner could influence and shape the dog over time”可知，此处是在说与其说是人们选择狗，不如说是主人的情绪和行为影响狗，应用rather than强调对比。故选C项。 IV. Reading Comprehension (38’) Section A (30’) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A From Marie Tussaud’s Chamber of Horrors to Disneyland’s Haunted Mansion (鬼屋) to horror-themed escape rooms, haunted house attractions have terrified and delighted audiences around the world for more than 200 years. These attractions turn out to be good places to study fear. They help scientists understand the body’s response to fright and how we perceive some situations as enjoyably thrilling and others as truly terrible. One surprising finding: having friends close at hand in a haunted house might make you more jumpy, not less so. Psychologist and study co-author Sarah Tashjian, who is now at the University of Melbourne, and her team conducted their research with 156 adults, who each wore a wireless wrist sensor during their visit. The sensor measured skin responses linked to the body’s reactions to stress and other situations. When the sensor picked up, for example, greater skin conductance — that is, the degree to which the skin can transmit an electric current — that was a sign that the body was more aroused and ready for fight or flight. In addition to this measure, people reported their expected fear (on a scale of 1 to 10) before entering the haunted house and their experienced fear (on the same scale) after completing the haunt. The scientists found that people who reported greater fear also showed heightened skin responses. Being with friends, Tashjian and her colleagues further found, increased physiological arousal during the experience, which was linked to stronger feelings of fright. In fact, the fear response was actually weaker when people went through the house in the presence of strangers. Other investigators have used haunted houses to understand how fear and enjoyment can coexist. In a 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen, a member of the Recreational Fear Lab at Aarhus University in Denmark, scientists joined forces with Dystopia Haunted House. The Danish attraction includes such terrifying experiences as being chased by “Mr. Piggy”, a large, chain-saw-wielding man wearing a bloody butcher’s apron and pig mask. People between the ages of 12 and 57 were video recorded at peak moments during the attraction, wore heart-rate monitors throughout and reported on their experience. People’s fright was tied to large-scale heart-rate fluctuations; their enjoyment was linked to small-scale ones. The results suggest that fear and enjoyment can happen together when physiological arousal is balanced “just right”. 83. Studying haunted house attractions helps scientists to learn about ________. A. the psychological effects of fear on individuals B. the history of horror-themed entertainment C. the body’s response to material rewards D. the impact of technology on people’s enjoyment 84. How did Sarah Tashjian and her team conduct their research on haunted house experiences? A. By surveying participants. B. By analyzing historical records. C. By employing wireless wrist sensors. D. By using virtual reality simulations. 85. What did Tashjian and her colleagues discover in their study? A. Being with friends elevated level of physiological arousal. B. The fear reaction was stronger in the company of strangers. C. Psychological effect was unrelated to intensified feelings of fright. D. Those reporting lightened fear showed increased skin responses. 86. It can be concluded from the 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen that ________. A. fear and enjoyment can not happen at the same time B. large-scale heart-rate fluctuations were linked to enjoyment C. the age of the participants was not related to the study’s findings D. fear and enjoyment can coexist under certain conditions 【答案】83. A 84. C 85. A 86. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鬼屋景点帮助科学家了解恐惧对个体的心理影响，一项研究发现，在鬼屋景点里，身边有朋友可能会导致人更加紧张。另一项研究发现，当生理刺激“恰到好处”地平衡时，恐惧和快乐可以同时发生。 【83题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“These attractions turn out to be good places to study fear. They help scientists understand the body’s response to fright and how we perceive some situations as enjoyably thrilling and others as truly terrible. (事实证明，这些景点是研究恐惧的好地方。它们帮助科学家了解身体对恐惧的反应，以及我们如何将某些情况视为令人愉快的刺激，而另一些情况则是真正可怕的)”可知，研究鬼屋景点帮助科学家了解恐惧对个体的心理影响。故选A项。 【84题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Psychologist and study co-author Sarah Tashjian, who is now at the University of Melbourne, and her team conducted their research with 156 adults, who each wore a wireless wrist sensor during their visit. The sensor measured skin responses linked to the body’s reactions to stress and other situations. (目前在墨尔本大学工作的心理学家、研究报告的合著者Sarah Tashjian和她的团队对156名成年人进行了研究，在参观期间他们每人都戴上了无线手腕传感器。传感器测量皮肤对压力和其他情况的反应)”可知，Sarah Tashjian和她的团队通过使用无线手腕传感器对鬼屋体验进行了研究。故选C项。 【85题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Being with friends, Tashjian and her colleagues further found, increased physiological arousal during the experience, which was linked to stronger feelings of fright. (Tashjian和她的同事进一步发现，与朋友在一起时，生理上的刺激水平会增加，这与更强烈的恐惧感有关)”可知，Tashjian和她的同事发现和朋友在一起会提高生理刺激水平。故选A项。 【86题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The results suggest that fear and enjoyment can happen together when physiological arousal is balanced “just right”. (结果表明，当生理刺激“恰到好处”地平衡时，恐惧和快乐可以同时发生)”可知，这项2020年的研究表明恐惧和快乐在一定条件下可以共存。故选D项。 B Guided Desert Adventure Typical desert activities like sandboarding, dune bashing and quad biking With this tour, you’ll have half a day of adventure activities in the desert. You’ll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area. On top of a sand dune, you’ll have the chance to slide down the side by sandboarding. From here, you’ll get ready for hitting some dunes in a four-wheel drive vehicle. Next, you’ll hop on a quad bike and have time to drive around the desert in the open air. Finally, you’ll have a camel ride around a small part of the desert. What’s included Pickup and drop-off 20 minutes of sandboarding 35 minutes of dune bashing 25 minutes of quad biking 10-minute camel ride Water and soft drinks A drive through a camel farm Additional information Requires a high level of physical fitness. Not suitable for children between 0 and 5. Children under 18 must be accompanied by an adult. Tours starting after noon include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits, which costs an additional US$ 45/person only. 87. What kind of experiences can participants expect from this trip? A. Taking a sand bathing on the top of a sand dune. B. Exploring the expansive desert freely on a camel ride. C. An exciting day adventure filled with diverse activities. D. Capturing the breathtaking desert landscape with a camera. 88. How much does a group of four university students need to pay for taking the 14:00 tour? A. US$ 180. B. US$ 220. C. US$ 265. D. US$ 400. 89. Which of the following is most likely to be a review from a former participant of the tour? A. The show was great! I highly recommend! B. It was a lot of fun and I enjoyed every minute of it. C. The place is cool, easy to find and get to with metro. D. Arrive early for tickets to avoid a long queue. 【答案】87. D 88. D 89. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇应用文，为一个沙漠冒险的探险指南和费用信息。 【87题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章图片下第一段“With this tour, you’ll have half a day of adventure activities in the desert.(参加这次旅行，您将有半天的时间在沙漠中进行冒险活动)”及第二段“You’ll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area.(您将开车前往一个高沙丘顶部的景点来开始你的旅程，有机会在该地区拍照)”可知，在此活动中，参与者可以用相机捕捉令人惊叹的沙漠景观。故选D。 【88题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Select time中US$ 55并结合最后一段“Tours starting after noon include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits, which costs an additional US$ 45/person only.(中午之后开始的旅游包括有糖果和水果的烧烤晚餐，每人只需额外支付45美元)”可知，下午2点的旅程要每个人另外加45美元，即，一共需要花费（55+45）*4=400美元。故选D。 【89题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章标题“Guided Desert Adventure(沙漠探险指南)”可知，这是一个探险活动，而非表演；根据文章图片下第二段“You’ll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area. On top of a sand dune, you’ll have the chance to slide down the side by sandboarding. From here, you’ll get ready for hitting some dunes in a four-wheel drive vehicle. Next, you’ll hop on a quad bike and have time to drive around the desert in the open air. Finally, you’ll have a camel ride around a small part of the desert.(您将开车前往一个高沙丘顶部的景点，有机会在该地区拍照。在沙丘的顶端，您将有机会通过滑板滑下。从这里开始，你将准备好乘坐四轮驱动汽车去打一些沙丘。接下来，你将跳上一辆四轮摩托车，有时间在露天的沙漠里开车。最后，你将在沙漠的一小部分骑骆驼)”可知，旅行工具里没有提到地铁；观察图片可知，这是网上订购的，并非需要提前到买票，因此，之前参加过的人可能会评论“这很有趣，我享受其中的每一分钟。”故选B。 C Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive falls dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult. New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. Haller’s research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean’s surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. “Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.” 90. In a search and rescue operation, ________. A. the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours B. the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location C. weather conditions are a determining factor D. changing currents present a challenge 91. The main significance of the new algorithm is ________. A. accurately predicting weather conditions during rescue operations B. dependence on satellite technology to locate distressed individuals at sea C. cost-effective, efficient tracking of objects and individuals in coastal waters D. predicting the exact time and location of ocean accidents 92. Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________. A. the collection of data B. the testing of the algorithm C. the identification of the TRAPs D. the cooperation of two research teams 93. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea B. How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives C. Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations D. Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations Have Fallen 【答案】90. D 91. C 92. B 93. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法以预测漂浮在水中的物体和人将去哪里，有望增强目前使用的海上搜救技术。 【90题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. (在当今的海上救援行动中，复杂的海洋动力学和天气预报模型被用来预测漂浮物体的路径。然而，对于快速变化的沿海水域，由于边界不确定和数据缺失，这种预测往往不准确。因此，搜索可能会在错误的位置启动，从而造成宝贵的时间损失。)”可知，在搜救行动中，不断变化的洋流是一个很大的挑战。故选D。 【91题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. (这使得能够快速准确地规划搜索路径，而搜索路径对事故发生时间和地点的不确定性不太敏感。)”和最后一段““Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. (Serra指出：“我们的结果获得得很快，易于解释，而且执行成本低廉。”)”可知，新算法可以对沿海水域中的物体和个人进行成本低但却高效的跟踪。故选C。 【92题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段“In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. (ETH团队与麻省理工学院的一个团队合作，在美国东北海岸玛莎葡萄园附近的两个独立海洋实验中测试了他们新的基于TRAP的搜索算法。该团队利用海岸警卫队可用的相同实时数据，成功地实时识别了该地区的TRAP。他们发现，扔到水中的浮标和人体模型确实很快沿着这些新出现的曲线聚集起来。Haller说：“在这个项目中测试的几种竞争方法中，这是唯一一种始终找到正确位置的算法。”)”可知，这一段主要介绍这项算法的测试。故选B。 【93题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. (苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组对海岸流的新见解有望增强目前使用的搜救技术。该团队利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法来预测漂浮在水中的物体和人的去向。最近发表在《自然通讯》上的一项研究的第一作者Mattia Serra说：“我们的工作显然有可能挽救生命。”)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法以预测漂浮在水中的物体和人将去哪里，有望增强目前使用的海上搜救技术。故选A。 D Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. Other Americans who have stood out from the flock include Joe DiMaggio, Beverly Sill, Ernest Hemingway and Jonas Salk. They, like Benny Goodman, were recognized and honored for no other reason than excellence. It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head. The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise(即兴发挥), who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn’t work and make it work––these people are the very soul of capitalism. Charles Kettering didn’t like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one’s capacity. The ones with the purple hair and the funky jewelry are just along for the ride, trying to be “different” and not knowing how to go about it. The student who earns straight A’s on his report card has grasped the idea and has found the real meaning of individuality. So has the youngster who has designed his own spaceship, who gives piano recitals, who paints pictures of the world around him. Benny Goodman understood it too. This is why he was at his best, blowing his clarinet, in a blue suit and black shoes. 94. The author mentions the appearance of Benny Goodman to _________. A. show what a talented musician should look like B. introduce an important figure in the musical world C. contrast with his talent in music performance D. indicate that he can’t stand out from the flock 95. The author would most probably agree that _________. A. an individualist tends to seek difference both in character and appearance B. the essence of individualism lies in pursuing excellence to the full C. being different in appearance is the very first step to being individual D. those who strive to win the recognition of others are real individualists 96. According to the passage, which individual’s actions may not truly embody the essence of individualism? A. A scientist who conducts research solely advancing knowledge for the greater good rather than for personal recognition. B. A social media influencer who conforms to popular opinions to maintain a large following. C. An artist who creates unique works but fail to gain fame and recognition from others. D. An entrepreneur who prioritizes ethical considerations over profit in his business practices. 97. For the main thread, the article is organized by way of __________. A. specific to general B. cause and effect C. examples and conclusion D. comparison and contrast 【答案】94. C 95. B 96. B 97. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是个人主义，个人主义有什么特点。 【94题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. (那些有幸观看本尼·古德曼工作的人看到的是一个相当普通的人，戴着无框眼镜，穿着保守的西装;但他们也看到了一个能演奏单簧管的人，在这之前和之后都没有人能做到。这使本尼·古德曼成为一个独特的个体。)”可知，作者提到本尼·古德曼的外表与他在音乐表演方面的天赋形成对比。故选C。 【95题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise(即兴发挥), who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn’t work and make it work—these people are the very soul of capitalism. (个性的全部目的就是追求卓越。那些发明创造，即兴发挥，比别人更了解一个主题，并采取无效的东西，并使其发挥作用的人-这些人是资本主义的灵魂。)”可知，作者可能同意个人主义的本质在于追求卓越。故选B。 【96题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Charles Kettering didn’t like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one’s capacity. (查尔斯·凯特林不喜欢用曲棍发动汽车，所以他发明了电动启动器。亨利·福特发明了装配线技术，使大规模生产汽车成为可能，而电梯的发明者伊莱沙·奥蒂斯间接地创造了城市的天际线。这些人明白，个人主义意味着尽自己最大的努力工作。)”可知，一个符合大众观点保持大量追随者的社交媒体影响者不能真正体现个人主义的本质。故选B。 【97题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. (那些有幸观看本尼·古德曼工作的人看到的是一个相当普通的人，戴着无框眼镜，穿着保守的西装;但他们也看到了一个能演奏单簧管的人，在这之前和之后都没有人能做到。这使本尼·古德曼成为一个独特的个体。)”和第三段“It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head. (比别人做得更好让我们与众不同。然而，令人惊讶的是，仍有相当多的人认为个性只是表面现象。他们穿着花哨的衣服，把头发染成奇怪的颜色，用纹身装饰自己的皮肤，以表达某种社会声明。但是一个把头发染成紫色或橙色的普通人只不过是一个长着滑稽脑袋的人。)”可知，本文主要采用比较和对比的方式进行组织。故选D。 Section B (8’) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The young lead new trends in consumption market With the post-1990 generation becoming a vibrant (充满活力的) force in society and the post-2000 generation gradually entering the workforce, the purchasing power of the new generation of consumers has been steadily growing. ___________98___________ Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations. In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. ___________99___________ This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media. And yet a trend toward rational consumption has been growing rapidly over the past few years. ___________100___________ Instead, they focus more on product quality and functionality. They tend to compare products and services, and do some research before making purchasing decisions, in order to get the best out of their purchase. According to a study conducted by the Social Survey Center of China Youth Daily, 90.1 percent of the 1,000 young respondents said their consumption decision is based on the “spending where necessary and saving where possible” principle. Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. __________101__________ When it comes to brand cognition, young consumers seem to favor domestic products. Thanks to information online, young consumers no longer blindly pursue foreign brands and instead prefer local brands, highlighting their confidence in Chinese-made products. From Li-Ning, Anta to Warrior shoes, domestic brands in various fields are being warmly welcomed by young consumers. A. Young consumers no longer blindly chase trendy or luxury items. B. They excel in using mobile devices and social media for getting information. C. Their tendency to pay much leads to the development of products and services. D. Their changing behaviors in consumption have promoted high-quality products. E. In fact, young people are slowly becoming the main force in the consumer market. F. They are willing to pay for products with unique features and innovative services. 【答案】98. E 99. B 100. A 101. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了年轻人引领着消费市场的新潮流的现象。 【98题详解】 根据后文“Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations. (成长于互联网时代的年轻消费者，普遍具有更高的教育水平和更广阔的全球视野，并且有着相对强大的经济背景。因此，他们的消费行为与前几代人不同。)”可知，本段主要说明了年轻人在消费市场的影响。故E选项“事实上，年轻人正慢慢成为消费市场的主力军。”符合语境，故选E。 【99题详解】 根据上文“In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. (在消费模式方面，网购已成为年轻人的首选。年轻人不仅在互联网用户中占比较高的比例，而且还倾向于在网上购物。)”以及后文“This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media. (这使得他们很容易受到产品促销和社交媒体上有影响力的人的影响。)”可知，后文提到年轻人很容易受到产品促销和社交媒体上有影响力的人的影响，故本句说明容易受影响的原因。故B选项“他们擅长使用移动设备和社交媒体获取信息。”符合语境，故选B。 【100题详解】 根据后文“Instead, they focus more on product quality and functionality. (相反，他们更关注产品的质量和功能。)”可知，后文与本句的内容相反，本句是在说明年轻消费者不再追求的产品。故A选项“年轻消费者不再盲目追求时尚或奢侈品。”符合语境，故选A。 【101题详解】 根据上文“Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. (此外，年轻消费者寻求更加个性化和多样化的产品，反映了他们的情感需求和自我价值感的增强。)”可知，上文提到年轻消费者寻求更加个性化和多样化的产品，本句为本段最后一句，总结这一行为是愿意为具有独特功能和创新服务的产品付费。故F选项“他们愿意为具有独特功能和创新服务的产品付费。”符合语境，故选F。 V. Translation (15’=3’*5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 102. 俗话说得好：“勤能补拙”。Lack (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As the old saying goes, “Diligence can make up for (a/the) lack of intelligence. There is an old saying that goes… 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、名词和动词短语。根据句意以及句子提示词可知，“俗话说得好”常见表达有“As the old saying goes”或者“There is an old saying that goes...”，这是英语中引用俗语的常用套语；“勤”在这里指“勤奋”，用“diligence”表示，是名词形式；“能”用情态动词“can”；“补”有“弥补”的意思，常用短语“make up for”来表达；“拙”可理解为 “缺乏才智”，“缺乏”用“lack of”，“才智”用“intelligence”，“缺乏才智 即“lack of intelligence”。故翻译为：As the old saying goes, “Diligence can make up for (a/the) lack of intelligence.或者There is an old saying that goes, “Diligence can make up for (a/the) lack of intelligence. 103. 我很荣幸成为她毕业典礼上的嘉宾之一。honor*2（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I was/felt greatly honored to be one of the guests of honor at her graduation ceremony./It was a great honor for me to be one of the guests of honor at her graduation ceremony. 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词和名词短语。根据句意，句子描述过去的感受或状态，使用一般过去时。表示“荣幸的”为honored，表示“很”为副词greatly修饰形容词，所以“我很荣幸”为系表结构I was/felt greatly honored；表示“成为她毕业典礼上的嘉宾之一”为不定式短语作原因状语，表示“成为”为to be，表示“嘉宾之一”为one of the guests of honor做作表语；“她毕业典礼上”为at her graduation ceremony作状语；也可以使用“it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语”结构，表示“我很荣幸”为It was a great honor for me，表示“成为她毕业典礼上的嘉宾之一”为不定式短语to be one of the guests of honor at her graduation ceremony。故翻译为I was/felt greatly honored to be one of the guests of honor at her graduation ceremony./It was a great honor for me to be one of the guests of honor at her graduation ceremony. 104. 那是我第一次意识到我绝不应该退而求其次。It (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It was the first time that I had realized I should never settle for the second best. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、动词和时态。分析句子结构：“那是我第一次……”陈述过去事情，用一般过去时态，表达为常用句型“It was the first time that...”，在这个句型中，that从句要用过去完成时，即“had+过去分词”形式。“意识到”对应的英文单词是“realize”，过去分词形式是“realized”，所以“我意识到”在这个句型里就是“I had realized”。“绝不应该”是“should never”。“退而求其次”常见表达为“settle for the second best”。故翻译为：It was the first time that I had realized I should never settle for the second best.。 105. 他忙于研究古典音乐，以至于时常废寝忘食。So occupy(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】So occupied was he in studying classical music that he often neglected his meals and sleep. So occupied is he in studying classical music that he often neglects his meals and sleep. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词和结果状语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态可用一般过去时表示过去情况或者用一般现在时表习惯性动词。表示“他”应用he，为主语；表示“忙于”应用be occupied in，为固定搭配；表示“研究古典音乐”应用studying classical music，动名词形式，作介词in后宾语；表示“(他)时常废寝忘食”应用he often neglected/neglects his meals and sleep；表示“以至于”应用so...that，引导结果状语从句，且按照要求，so放句首时，应用部分倒装形式。故翻译为So occupied was he in studying classical music that he often neglected his meals and sleep.或So occupied is he in studying classical music that he often neglects his meals and sleep. 106. 他从不怨天尤人，相反地他总是满满的正能量，尽量和同事和谐相处。complain(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Instead of complaining about everything, he is always full of positive energy and tries to live in harmony with his colleagues. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、介词短语和时态。句子描述一般事实，使用一般现在时，“相反”instead of，“怨天尤人”complain about everything，使用动名词形式作宾语，主语“他”he，“总是”always，“满满的正能量”即“充满正能量”，译为be full of positive energy，主语是he，be动词使用is，“尽量做某事”try to do，主语是he，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，使用连词and与is并列，“与和谐相处”live in harmony with，后接宾语“同事”his colleague，使用复数形式colleagues，表示不止一个同事。故翻译为Instead of complaining about everything, he is always full of positive energy and tries to live in harmony with his colleagues. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$