精品解析：上海市位育中学2025-2026学年第二学期期末考试试卷高一年级英语学科

2025学年第二学期位育中学期末考试试卷 高一年级英语学科 （考试时间100分钟 总分100分 命题：李影 审题：赵汝滨 陈曙光） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A (5) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper. and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard 1. A. Excited. B. Surprised. C. Regretful. D. Confident. 2. A. At 6:00. B. At 6:45. C. At 7:15. D. At 8:00. 3. A. Fill in the form. B. Check the file cabinet. C. Learn about the job. D. Register entry information. 4. A. He has a bad credit rating. B. He lost his credit card again. C. He is declined for a credit card. D. He didn’t receive a credit report. 5. A. The woman should find a larger venue. B. He can help the woman with the party. C. He will attend the party with the woman. D. The woman had better not work overtime. 6. A. The woman has to update her file. B. The woman doesn’t need the card. C. The woman has reapplied the card. D. The man forgot to send out the card. 7. A. There is no need to read the required books. B. He tries his best whenever he does something. C. The modern European history class is optional. D. He is interested in the books on European history. 8. A. She didn’t like the movie B. The movie is beyond her expectation. C. The man knew nothing about the movie. D. She cares about others’ review on the movie. 9. A. What to wear for an interview. B. How to prepare for an interview. C. Where to live before the interview. D. Different opinions on the interview. 10. A. Sign up for the class election. B. recommend some candidates. C. Evaluate Robert’s performance. D. Be the chairman of the class committee. Section B (10) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and longer conversation. The passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Go to discount stores. B. Make seasonal purchases. C. Shop in department stores. D. Source second-hand clothes. 12. A. Because it is more affordable. B. Because it is more fashionable. C. Because it offers more choices. D. Because it can be paired flexibly. 13. A. Money-saving methods. B. Cheap ways to be stylish. C. Fashionable way of dressing. D. Suggestions on buying clothes. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The topic lacks depth. B. The topic is off the point. C. The topic is hard to understand. D. The topic is not specific enough. 15. A. Forward an email to the speaker. B. Make an appointment face to face. C. Sign a schedule in the speaker’s office. D. Make a phone call to the speaker in advance. 16. A. The outline style in textbook. B. The revisions of the initial outline. C. Time to hand in the final outline. D. A thesis statement and a conclusion. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Exhausting. B. Interesting. C. Impressive. D. Depressing. 18. A. She is a pioneer in the influencer industry. B. She used to be an instructor for curly hair. C. She sticks to her career regardless of doubts. D. She runs an accessory company with six people. 19. A. The uncertainty of the work prospect. B. The real income of being an influencer. C. The privacy of showing her life online. D. The social status of working as an influencer. 20. A. They are more and more reliable. B. It’s easier for them to make a fortune. C. They can control consumers’ preference. D. Many of them are successful entrepreneurs. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks. use one word that best fits each blank. Lai Ka-ying: Hong Kong’s First Astronaut Blasts Off (升空) Lai Ka-ying, the first Chinese female civilian astronaut and Hong Kong’s first space traveler, said she never dared to dream of spaceflight. At a pre-launch news conference at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, she spoke with gratitude and pride, saying the chance was beyond her _____1_____ (wild) expectations. She thanked the motherland, the Hong Kong government and its people, and promised to finish all assigned tasks and live up to the trust placed in her. _____2_____ (bear) in Hong Kong in November 1982, Lai earned her bachelor’s and doctoral degrees in computer science from the University of Hong Kong. _____3_____ she received high-paying job offers from investment banks, she chose to serve the public by joining the Hong Kong Police Force, where she worked on electronic forensics and cybersecurity. In 2022, Lai applied for China’s fourth-generation astronaut selection, _____4_____ for the first time recruited payload specialists from Hong Kong and Macao. She _____5_____ (stand out) from 120 Hong Kong applicants after strict medical, physical and psychological tests, and started official training in Beijing in August 2024. _____6_____ training brought was tough challenges: Mandarin communication barriers, intense theory courses, difficult hands-on practice and extreme drills such as 72-hour sleep deprivation and desert survival. _____7_____ her small build, she mastered spacesuit operations with expert guidance. She _____8_____ keep calm and focused to complete every difficult procedure safely. She thanked veteran astronauts, space workers and her family for their strong support. During her six-month stay on the Tiangong space station, Lai will carry out scientific experiments. She looks forward to _____9_____ (see) the motherland and her hometown from space and will bring family photos and artworks. Her husband gave up career development to care for their three children in Beijing. Hong Kong’s chief executive and her alma mater praised her journey, saying she inspires young people in Hong Kong ______10______ (chase) their space dreams. 【答案】1. wildest 2. Born 3. Although##Though##While 4. which 5. stood out 6. What 7. Despite 8. could 9. seeing 10. to chase 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍首位香港航天员黎家盈的成长、选拔、训练经历以及此次飞天任务，讲述她逐梦太空的故事。 【1题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她满怀感激和自豪地说，这个机会超出了她最疯狂的预期。提示词修饰名词expectations，应用形容词形式，且根据“beyond her(超出了她的……)”可知，此处表示“最疯狂的预期”，需用形容词wild的最高级wildest。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：黎于1982年11月出生于香港，在香港大学获得了计算机科学学士和博士学位。空白处在句子中作状语，用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语Lai之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词作状语，表示被动。 【3题详解】 考查连词。句意：尽管她收到了投资银行的高薪工作邀请，但她选择加入香港警务处为公众服务。根据“she received high-paying job offers(她收到了投资银行的高薪工作邀请)”和“she chose to serve the public(她选择为公众服务)”可知，上下文之间是让步转折关系，应用连词although/though/while引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：2022年，黎申请了中国第四代航天员选拔，这是首次从香港和澳门招募载荷专家。本句为包含非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词为China’s fourth-generation astronaut selection，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。 【5题详解】 考查时态。句意：经过严格的体检、体能和心理测试，她从120名香港申请人中脱颖而出，并于2024年8月在北京开始正式训练。空白处在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语“in August 2024(2024年8月)”可知句子讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。 【6题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：训练带来的是严峻的挑战：普通话沟通障碍、高强度的理论课程、困难的动手实践以及极端的训练。本句为包含主语从句的复合句，空白处在主语从句中作宾语表示内容，应用连接代词what引导该从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。 【7题详解】 考查介词。句意：尽管身材娇小，但在专家的指导下，她掌握了航天服的操作。根据“her small build(身材娇小)”与“she mastered spacesuit operations(她掌握了航天服的操作)”可知，上下文之间是让步关系，应用介词despite，位于句首，首字母需大写。 【8题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：她能够保持冷静和专注，以安全地完成每一项困难的操作。根据“keep calm and focused to complete every difficult procedure safely(保持冷静和专注，以安全地完成每一项困难的操作)”可知，此处描述的是过去在训练中具备的能力，应用情态动词can的过去式could，意为“能够”。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她期待从太空看到祖国和家乡，并将带上家人的照片和艺术品。look forward to是固定短语，意为“期待”，其中to为介词，其后接动名词形式作宾语。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：香港特区行政长官和她的母校赞扬了她的旅程，称她激励着香港的年轻人去追逐他们的太空梦想。inspire sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“激励某人做某事”，应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 Section B (10) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. alternative B. perceived C. visible D. lowered E. substitute F. appeal G. randomly H. alter I. limiting J. ultimately K. implications Breakfast Choices Affect Facial Attractiveness A study by French researchers reveals that people who eat breakfast high in refined carbohydrates are rated less attractive than those who choose unrefined carbs. If you hope to look your best in the morning, you should ____11____ ultra-processed cakes and sweet juice with whole meal toast and unsweetened drinks. Scientists believe this change in attractiveness may come from blood sugar and insulin (胰岛素) shifts that affect skin condition and hormones. Dr Claire Bertcat notes that diet can quickly change how people look and are ____12____ by others. The study included 52 men and 52 women aged 20 to 30. Volunteers were ____13____ given a 500-calorie breakfast of either refined or unrefined carbohydrates (粗碳水化合物). The refined carb meal included white baguette, jam, sweetened juice, and sugary drinks. The unrefined ____14____ had whole meal bread, butter, cheese, fresh fruit, and unsweetened tea or coffee. Researchers tested blood sugar levels and took standardized photos before and after meals. Raters then judged the photos for age, masculinity or femininity, and attractiveness. Results published in Plos One showed that a refined-carb breakfast ____15____ facial attractiveness in both men and women. The effect differs by gender and meal type, showing the complex link between diet and appearance. Bertcat says the findings remind people that diet has ____16____ for health and socially important traits like attractiveness. Refined carbohydrates cause sharp blood sugar spikes, followed by insulin releases that may lead to hypoglycemia (低血糖). This condition affects blood flow and skin appearance, and only the refined-carb breakfast caused this response. Professor David Perrett adds that diet naturally affects attractiveness: plant pigments (色素) from fruits and vegetables boost ____17____, while high-sugar diets age skin. Rapid blood flow changes can quickly ____18____ skin tone and health appearance. Dr Bertcat advises ____19____ refined carbohydrates. These foods harm health and appearance, so choosing unrefined options is a simple way to support both wellness and attractiveness. The study shows that small daily dietary changes can have ____20____ effects on how people look and are judged by others. 【答案】11. E 12. B 13. G 14. A 15. D 16. K 17. F 18. H 19. I 20. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍一项研究发现早餐碳水类型会改变血糖与皮肤状态，进而影响他人眼中的面部吸引力。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果你希望早上气色更佳，应当用全麦吐司和无糖饮品来替代精加工糕点与甜果汁。空处在情态动词should后用动词原形，根据后文“ultra-processed cakes and sweet juice with whole meal toast”可知，此处表示替换，substitute意为“替代”。 【12题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：Claire Bertcat博士指出，饮食能快速改变人的外貌，也会改变他人对你的观感。空处与are构成被动语态，根据上文“people who eat breakfast high in refined carbohydrates are rated less attractive”可知，此处指被他人看待、评判，perceived意为“看待，评价”。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：志愿者被随机分配500大卡的精制或粗碳水早餐。空处修饰动词given作状语，根据实验分组规则可知分组无规律，是随机的，randomly意为“随机地”。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：另一套粗粮备选餐包含全麦面包、黄油、奶酪、新鲜水果以及无糖茶或黑咖啡。空处作句子主语，和前文“The refined carb meal”形成对应对比，alternative“可供选择的事物、替代餐食”符合。 【15题详解】 考查动词过去式。句意：发表在Plos One上的研究结果显示，食用精制碳水早餐会降低男性与女性的面部吸引力。空处在从句中作谓语，根据上文“people who eat breakfast high in refined carbohydrates are rated less attractive”可知精制碳水拉低吸引力，lowered“降低”符合。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：Bertcat表示，该研究结果提醒人们，饮食会对健康以及吸引力这类具备社会意义的重要特质产生诸多影响。空处在动词has后作宾语，根据后文饮食影响外貌健康的整套连锁作用可知，implications“潜在影响、意义”符合题意。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：David Perrett教授补充道，饮食本身就会影响人的外在吸引力：蔬果中的植物色素能提升魅力，而高糖饮食则会加速皮肤老化。空处在动词boost后作宾语，全文围绕食物对个人外在吸引力展开，appeal“吸引力”符合。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：血流快速变化会立刻改变肤色与肌肤状态。空处在情态动词can后用动词原形，根据前文血糖波动改变皮肤状态可知，alter“改变”符合。 【19题详解】 考查动名词。句意：Bertcat博士建议限制精制碳水摄入。空处在动词advises后作宾语，根据后文“These foods harm health and appearance”可知要减少这类食物，limiting“限制”符合。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：日常微小饮食调整会带来直观可见的外貌改变与他人评价差异。空处修饰名词effects作定语，全文实验通过照片直观看出外貌差别，visible“看得见的、明显的”符合。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A (15) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Parks are emerging as important public health solutions in urban communities. Nearly 40 years of research evidence confirms that nearby nature, including parks, gardens, the urban forest and green spaces, support human health and wellness. The research about ___21___ living and opportunities to avoid chronic diseases (such as diabetes, heart disease and respiratory problems) is particularly relevant to large parks where people can enjoy walking and bike paths, and playing fields. But, ___22___ as important is the role of small parks and nature spaces for health. In many communities, additional land for large parks is either expensive or difficult to repurpose. Creating pocket parks can be a productive public and private joint venture that introduces the spaces for nature encounters that ___23___ everyone. The following is a list of the possible helpful effects pocket parks can bring to one’s life. Stress Reduction Stress is a major ___24___ ill health. Left unresolved, long-term stress can lead to immune system issues and illness. The ___25___ of nature is one antidote (对策) to stress, and the body’s positive response is remarkably fast, occurring within minutes. Studies by environmental psychologists show that mere visual exposure to nature, ___26___ trees, grass and flowers, can effectively reduce stress, particularly if initial stress levels are high. Better Mental Health and Functioning Experiences of nearby nature contribute to better mental health and improve one’s capacity to be productive. Modern life often demands sustained focus on projects, and this effort can lead to cognitive overload, bringing on irritability and an inability to function effectively, often with physical ___27___ . Views or brief experiences of nearby nature help to ___28___ the mind from mental fatigue, as natural settings provide relief from the highly focused attention needed for most tasks in school or at work. This may contribute to higher ___29___ in the workplace, as research shows that office workers with a view of nature are better able to attend to tasks, report fewer illnesses and have higher job satisfaction. Increased time of nature experience (up to 1.5 hours) increases the restorative effect. Building Social Capital Social capital, a critical condition for a host of community benefits, is formed from the interpersonal relationships of people and resulting supportive networks. The mere ____30____ of landscape or trees appears to promote community connections. Views of green space from homes are linked to greater ____31____ of well-being and neighborhood satisfaction. Public housing residents reported feeling safer if their community development had well-maintained landscaping, including trees and grass. ____32____, greener public facilities tend to be safer, with fewer incivilities and less reported crimes. Active involvement in community greening and nature restoration projects also produces social benefits, including strengthening of intergenerational ____33____ and organizational empowerment. Scientific evidence should be the basis of future efforts to make cities more ____34____ . We now know that nearby nature — including small plots or pockets embedded within all land uses — directly contributes to quality human habitat and is profoundly important for the health of mind and body. Integrations of parks and infrastructure goals can provide more opportunities for the nearby nature experiences that ____35____ good health and sustain wellness. 21. A. active B. deliberate C. rural D. conscious 22. A. essentially B. equally C. individually D. interestingly 23. A. blame B. burst C. budget D. benefit 24. A. indicator of B. provider for C. example of D. contributor to 25. A. association B. experience C. vastness D. fragility 26. A. in the form of B. in the name of C. in the perspective of D. in the pursuit of 27. A. diseases B. symptoms C. engagements D. movements 28. A. revise B. recharge C. restore D. remove 29. A. creativity B. visibility C. productivity D. diversity 30. A. communication B. interpretation C. presence D. stimulator 31. A. integrations B. perceptions C. understanding D. development 32. A. Specifically B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Similarly 33. A. gaps B. advantages C. setbacks D. ties 34. A. productive B. diverse C. sustainable D. notable 35. A. practise B. plunge C. postpone D. promote 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. D 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍城市大小公园、口袋公园对居民身心健康、社区社交的多重积极益处。 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：有关积极生活方式以及规避慢性病（如糖尿病、心脏病和呼吸道疾病）的相关研究，与大型公园尤为相关，人们可在此步行、骑行和运动。A. active积极的；B. deliberate刻意的；C. rural乡村的；D. conscious有意识的。根据后文“people can enjoy walking and bike paths, and playing fields”可知，大型公园可供人们开展运动，对应积极的生活方式。 【22题详解】 考查副词。句意：但小型公园和自然空地对健康起到的作用同样重要。A. essentially本质上；B. equally同等地；C. individually单独地；D. interestingly有趣的是。根据前文“Nearly 40 years of research evidence confirms that nearby nature, including parks, gardens, the urban forest and green spaces, support human health and wellness.”可知，先阐述大型公园的健康价值，此处表明小型公园的健康价值同等重要。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：打造口袋公园是高效的公私合作项目，它能提供接触自然的空间，让所有人从中受益。A. blame指责；B. burst爆发；C. budget做预算；D. benefit使受益。根据后文“The following is a list of the possible helpful effects pocket parks can bring to one’s life”可知，口袋公园会带来诸多有益效果，惠及所有人。 【24题详解】 考查名词短语。句意：压力是引发身体不适的一大诱因。A. indicator of……的标志；B. provider for为……提供者；C. example of……的例子；D. contributor to促成……的因素。根据后文“Left unresolved, long-term stress can lead to immune system issues and illness”可知，长期压力会诱发疾病，是损害健康的促成因素。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：体验自然是缓解压力的一种对策，人体产生的积极反应十分迅速，短短几分钟内就会显现。A. association关联；B. experience体验；C. vastness广阔；D. fragility脆弱。根据后文“mere visual exposure to nature, ______ trees, grass and flowers, can effectively reduce stress, particularly if initial stress levels are high.”可知，接触、感受自然能够缓解压力。 【26题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：环境心理学家的研究表明，仅仅观赏以树木、草地、花卉为形式的自然景物，就能有效减压，尤其当人压力很大时效果显著。A. in the form of以……形式；B. in the name of以……名义；C. in the perspective of从……角度；D. in the pursuit of追求。根据后文“trees, grass and flowers”可知，此处列举自然景物的具体呈现形式。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：现代生活常要求人持续专注工作，这种状态会造成认知过载，使人易怒、工作效率低下，通常还伴随各类身体不适症状。A. diseases疾病；B. symptoms症状；C. engagements参与；D. movements活动。根据前文“cognitive overload, bringing on irritability and an inability to function effectively”可知，认知过载会带来情绪与身体层面的不适表现，属于身体症状而非确诊疾病。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：观赏或短暂亲近周边自然有助于让大脑从精神疲惫中恢复，自然环境能缓解学习、工作中高强度专注带来的消耗。A. revise修改；B. recharge补充精力；C. restore恢复；D. remove移除。根据后文“natural settings provide relief from the highly focused attention”以及“Increased time of nature experience (up to 1. 5 hours) increases the restorative effect.”可知，自然环境具备恢复精神状态的作用。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：这有助于提升职场工作效率，研究显示能看见绿植的上班族更能专注工作、患病更少且工作满意度更高。A. creativity创造力；B. visibility能见度；C. productivity工作效率；D. diversity多样性。根据后文“office workers with a view of nature are better able to attend to tasks”可知，绿植环境能提升员工完成工作的效能。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：仅仅有绿地、树木存在，似乎就能促进邻里间往来联结。A. communication交流；B. interpretation解读；C. presence存在；D. stimulator刺激物。根据后文“Views of green space from homes are linked to greater ______ of well-being and neighborhood satisfaction.”可知，社区中绿植景观的存在能拉近邻里关系。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：在家中能看见绿地，与人们更强的幸福感感知和邻里满足感相关。A. integrations融合；B. perceptions感知；C. understanding理解；D. development发展。根据后文“Public housing residents reported feeling safer if their community development had well-maintained landscaping”可知，绿化会改变人们内心对居住体验的感受与认知。 【32题详解】 考查副词。句意：同样，绿化更好的公共区域往往治安更佳，不文明行为与案件更少。A. Specifically具体来说；B. Contrarily相反；C. Consequently因此；D. Similarly同样地。根据前文“Public housing residents reported feeling safer if their community development had well-maintained landscaping, including trees and grass”可知，前文讲述住宅绿化提升居民安全感，结合后文“greener public facilities tend to be safer, with fewer incivilities and less reported crimes”可知，公共绿地也有同类积极效果，前后内容逻辑平行，用similarly衔接。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：主动参与社区绿化、自然修复项目也能带来社交益处，包括强化代际纽带与提升组织自主能力。A. gaps隔阂；B. advantages优势；C. setbacks挫折；D. ties联系、纽带。根据前文“appears to promote community connections”可知，社区绿化项目巩固居民之间的人际联结。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：科学依据应当成为未来打造更可持续城市的行动基础。A. productive高效的；B. diverse多元的；C. sustainable可持续的；D. notable显著的。根据后文“We now know that nearby nature — including small plots or pockets embedded within all land uses — directly contributes to quality human habitat and is profoundly important for the health of mind and body.”可知，长期规划绿地公园、保障居民身心健康契合城市可持续发展理念。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：将公园规划与城市基建目标结合，能创造更多亲近自然的机会，以此促进身体健康、长期维持身心良好状态。A. practise练习；B. plunge投入；C. postpone推迟；D. promote促进。根据前文 “support human health and wellness”、“reduce stress”以及“better mental health”可知，亲近自然能够助推身心健康。 Section B (22) Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. As one of modern biology’s most influential scientists, David Baltimore left an enduring scientific legacy in the era of molecular biology from its birth to the emergence of cellular engineering and genome (基因组) editing. Born in New York City in 1938, and raised in Great Neck, David traced the origins of his interest in biology to a particularly inspiring high school summer that his mother organized for him at the Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbour, Maine). There, he first encountered Howard Temin, with whom David would later share the Nobel Prize. After earning his bachelor’s degree in chemistry in 1960, David dived into the emerging field of molecular biology, specifically concentrating on viral reproduction. David’s fascination with viral reproduction strategies led him to explore RNA tumor (肿瘤) viruses, which in turn laid the foundation for his groundbreaking discovery of the enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT). This breakthrough was announced in 1970 in a Nature article alongside Howard Temin’s report, which both reported RT copied RNA into DNA, a feature that defined the novel class of retroviruses. For his revolutionary discovery concerning “the interaction between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell,” David shared the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine at the astonishingly tender age of 37. Beyond his scientific excellence, David was also an exceptional leader of scientific institutions. I, like many former trainees, can recount colorful stories of David’s wisdom, and influence. I vividly recall my interview for a position in David’s lab as a graduate student while David was already a towering scientific celebrity. As I entered his office, David rose from his desk and walked toward me with his hand outstretched. “Hello, I’m David Baltimore.” And we then engaged in a far-ranging conversation about life, science, and graduate school. While David warned me that his large lab would require considerable independence, his warmth and genuine interest convinced me that even rare moments with him would be enriching. I was so fortunate to visit David during his last days and receive his constructive and encouraging feedback from him, a scientist true to his lifelong role. 36. What excited David Baltimore’s interest in biology? A. A summer science camp during high school. B. The patient guidance from his mother at home. C. A discussion with Howard Temin at a conference. D. His chemistry studies during undergraduate years. 37. For what was David Baltimore awarded the Nobel Prize? A. His exploration of RNA tumor viruses. B. Inventing a new method of genome editing. C. His leadership in major research institutions. D. Discovering that RT copied RNA into DNA. 38. What was the author’s first impression of David Baltimore? A. Serious and distant. B. Hesitant and cautious. C. Learned and approachable. D. Authoritative and demanding. 39. What’s the purpose of this passage? A. To memorize a great scientist. B. To stress cooperation in science. C. To announce a major achievement. D. To encourage youth to pursue a career. 【答案】36. A 37. D 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章讲述的是大卫·巴尔的摩既作为生物学领域巨匠的传奇成就、又作为卓越的科研领导者所富有的人格魅力。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Born in New York City in 1938, and raised in Great Neck, David traced the origins of his interest in biology to a particularly inspiring high school summer that his mother organized for him at the Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbour, Maine). (大卫于 1938 年出生在纽约市，在格雷特内克长大。他对生物学的兴趣最初源于母亲为他组织的一次特别鼓舞人心的高中暑期活动，该活动在缅因州巴哈伯的杰克逊实验室举行。)”可知，他在高中暑假参加了母亲为他安排在杰克逊实验室的科学活动，这激发了他对生物学的兴趣。故选A。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“For his revolutionary discovery concerning “the interaction between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell,” David shared the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine at the astonishingly tender age of 37. (由于他在“肿瘤病毒与细胞遗传物质相互作用”这一领域所做出的开创性发现，大卫在年仅 37 岁时就与他人共同获得了1975年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。)”以及前文指出他和特明在《自然》上发表了关于逆转录酶(RT)将RNA复制成DNA的发现，这定义了逆转录病毒的新类别。因此，诺贝尔奖的直接原因是这一发现。故选D。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“As I entered his office, David rose from his desk and walked toward me with his hand outstretched. “Hello, I’m David Baltimore.” And we then engaged in a far-ranging conversation about life, science, and graduate school. While David warned me that his large lab would require considerable independence, his warmth and genuine interest convinced me that even rare moments with him would be enriching. (当我走进他的办公室时，大卫从他的办公桌旁站起身，伸出手向我走来。“你好，我是大卫·巴尔的摩。”然后我们进行了深入的交谈，内容涉及生活、科学和研究生阶段。尽管大卫提醒我他的大实验室需要相当大的独立性，但他的热情和真诚的兴趣让我相信，即使只是与他短暂的接触也会是令人受益的。)”可知，作者描述面试时，巴尔的摩主动起身握手、自我介绍，并进行了广泛的交谈，表现出温暖、真诚、博学、易于接近的特质。虽然巴尔的摩警告实验室需要独立性，但他的态度让作者感到平易近人。故选C。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据全文，尤其根据最后一段“I was so fortunate to visit David during his last days and receive his constructive and encouraging feedback from him, a scientist true to his lifelong role.(我非常幸运能在大卫生命的最后阶段去探望他，并从他那里获得了富有建设性和鼓舞性的意见反馈，他是一位始终坚守自己职责的科学家。)”可知，文章回顾了巴尔的摩的科学成就、个人品质以及对作者的影响，结尾提到作者在他生命最后时刻的探望，表达了对这位科学家的深切缅怀。故选A。 (B) When it comes to choosing a new destination to explore, some travelers are content to pick locations close to home, while others are willing to go to the ends of the earth. Here are some remote destinations that few people will have the chance to experience. Tristan da Cunha The island of Tristan da Cunha is set in the south Atlantic Ocean, 1,743 miles east of Cape Town, South Africa. Home to just 246 people, the island is an active volcano and its main town, Edinburgh of the Seven Seas, was nearly destroyed in 1961 following an eruption. Travelers hoping to experience Tristan need to plan in advance, as permission from the Administrator and Island Council is required to visit. Ittoqqortoormiut, Greenland The small settlement of Ittoqqortoormiut, Greenland, is set between Northeast Greenland National Park and Scoresby Sund, the world’s largest national park. Its 450 residents live in brightly painted wooden houses that sit on permafrost, locked in nine months of sea ice and total darkness each winter. The village can be accessed only by helicopter or boat. There are varieties of wildlife in this region, including polar bears, narwhals, and walruses. Longyearbyen, Norway It is located about halfway between Norway and the North Pole, and has become a destination for travelers hoping to see both the northern lights and polar bears. Longyearbyen, a town of around 2,000 people, is dotted with colorful houses dating back to its heyday（鼎盛期）as a mining town. The region is completely dark for two-and-a-half months every winter, and the sun shines 24/7 in the summer. Grise Fiord, Nunavut, Canada Located on Ellesmere Island, Grise Fiord, or Aujuittugin Inuktitut, is the northernmost settlement in Canada. The Inuit village of 141 people is located in the Arctic Cordillera mountain range, and visitors can take in the area’s various wildlife, including narwhals, seals, beluga whales, walruses, musk oxen, and polar bears. 40. What do we know about Tristan da Cunha? A. It is connected to South Africa. B. It is an extremely cold place to live. C. A volcano eruption nearly destroyed it. D. Specific permission is required to visit it. 41. Which place is suitable for a person wanting to experience atmospheric light phenomena? A. Tristan da Cunha. B. Longyearbyen, Norway. C. Ittoqqortoormiut, Greenland. D. Grise Fiord, Nunavut, Canada. 42. What can be inferred about all four destinations mentioned in the article? A. They are all primarily accessed by helicopter. B. They are all permanently covered with ice and snow. C. They are all inhabited by small but tough communities. D. They are all facing significant threats from volcanic eruptions. 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个地理位置偏远、鲜为人知的旅行目的地，包括它们的地理位置、人口、特色以及前往的注意事项。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Tristan da Cunha部分“Travelers hoping to experience Tristan need to plan in advance, as permission from the Administrator and Island Council is required to visit. (希望前往特里斯坦体验的游客需要提前规划，因为需要获得行政长官和岛议会的许可才能参观。)”可知，访问该岛需要获得特别许可，故选D。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Longyearbyen, Norway部分“It is located about halfway between Norway and the North Pole, and has become a destination for travelers hoping to see both the northern lights and polar bears. (它位于挪威和北极之间的中途，已成为希望同时看到北极光和北极熊的旅行者的目的地。)”可知，朗伊尔城适合想要体验大气光现象（北极光）的人，故选B。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。综合四个地区的描述：Tristan da Cunha有246人，Ittoqqortoormiut有450人，Longyearbyen约有2000人，Grise Fiord有141人，且都位于极端偏远地区。根据文章第一段“Here are some remote destinations that few people will have the chance to experience. (以下是几个很少有人有机会体验的偏远目的地。)”可推知，这些地方都由规模虽小但坚韧的社区居住，故选C。 (C) From the bags that find their way to the ocean and into the stomachs of whales to the straws that hurt turtles to the microscopic shards (碎片) and synthetic fibers that are found in the remote Arctic, plastic spreads through the planet. A 2017 study in Science Advances estimated that of all the plastic ever produced, 90 percent is still around, mainly in landfills or out in the environment. Bans on single-use plastic such as bags and straws have become a popular policy around the world to control plastic use. But though some of these rules have reduced waste in places, including Ireland and California, they do not directly address production and can send users to alternatives much less friendly to the environment. Researchers have learned enough about the flow of plastic waste to know it poses a widespread environmental problem. Plastic causes physical harm to animals and could combine with other threats to endanger vulnerable species. There is also concern about humans taking in micro-plastic. We must do a better job of stopping the flood. Doing that means coping with two broad goals: considerably reducing the amount of plastic we produce and improving the recycling and reuse of all that we make. The U.S. must be a bigger part of these solutions. Blame is too often laid merely at the feet of rapidly developing Asian countries that lack strong waste-management systems, and we forget the role that the U.S. plays not only in producing plastic but by exporting millions of tons of the waste to Asia. With some Asian countries no longer accepting imports of much recyclable waste, it has forced a reckoning (清算) in the U.S., with the local authorities responsible for an overwhelmed recycling system turning to landfills and incinerators (焚化炉). Those options can have other environmental impacts and trigger the creation of original plastic from fossil fuels, instead of reusing and recycling existing plastic. Only 9 percent of plastic in the U.S. is now recycled, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. Federal and state governments should step up to help streamline the nation’s current recycling system. This could be done, for example, by standardizing what can be recycled and putting limits on additives such as coloring, which is expensive to remove and can make plastic less valuable to a recycler. Many researchers also say plastic product manufacturers need to be pushed beyond their present voluntary commitments to reduce plastic waste with incentives that will make them bear more of the cost of that waste. We need comprehensive solutions, not just Band-Aids that cover up the symptoms but ignore the roots of the plastic problem. 43. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A. Arctic is threatened with widespread plastic pollution. B. The majority of plastic produced is recycled for further use. C. Single-use plastic has been altogether eliminated worldwide. D. Bans on plastic bags may give rise to some unexpected results. 44. In this passage, the word “overwhelmed” (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to “______”. A. illegal B. unreasonable C. ineffective D. irreplaceable 45. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Plastic product manufacturers should make clear what is suitable for recycling. B. Additives like coloring should be banned because it devalues plastic to a recycler. C. The root of the plastic problems lies in inadequate law enforcement to ban plastic. D. Compulsory measures for recycling should be imposed on plastic product manufacturers. 46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. We Should Say No to Plastic. B. Plastic Pollution Affords No Delay! C. What Should We Do about Plastic? D. No Place is Free from Plastic. 【答案】43. D 44. C 45. D 46. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要分析了全球塑料污染的现状，指出限塑令的局限性，并呼吁从生产端和回收体系入手，采取系统性措施解决塑料危机。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Bans on single-use plastic such as bags and straws have become a popular policy around the world to control plastic use. But though some of these rules have reduced waste in places, including Ireland and California, they do not directly address production and can send users to alternatives much less friendly to the environment.(针对塑料袋、塑料吸管等一次性塑料制品的禁令，已成为全球普遍推行的管控塑料使用政策。尽管爱尔兰、加利福尼亚等地凭借相关规定减少了垃圾排放，但这类禁令并未从源头管控塑料生产，还可能促使人们改用对环境危害更大的替代产品。”可知，禁令可能带来意料之外的负面后果。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“With some Asian countries no longer accepting imports of much recyclable waste, it has forced a reckoning (清算) in the U.S., with the local authorities responsible for an overwhelmed recycling system turning to landfills and incinerators (焚化炉).(随着部分亚洲国家不再接收大量可回收废物，美国被迫直面现实，负责管理的回收系统已overwhelmed，地方当局转而采用填埋和焚烧的方式处理)”可知，美国现有回收系统因处理能力不足而陷入瘫痪，overwhelmed在此意为“不堪重负的，难以应对的”，与ineffective意义相近。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Many researchers also say plastic product manufacturers need to be pushed beyond their present voluntary commitments to reduce plastic waste with incentives that will make them bear more of the cost of that waste.(许多研究人员还指出，需推动塑料产品制造商超越当前的自愿减排承诺，通过激励机制使其承担更多的废弃物处理成本)”可推知，应当对塑料制造商施加强制性的回收义务。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。文章首先描述了全球塑料污染的严峻现状，随后指出单纯的“禁塑令”治标不治本，最后重点阐述了应从减少生产、改革回收体系及落实企业责任等方面着手，寻求综合性的解决方案，全文围绕“如何应对塑料问题”展开，所以C项“我们应该如何处理塑料”概括了文章的主题，适合作本文的标题。 Section C (4) Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Dim Sum: A Tradition That’s Anything but Dim In Chinese, “dim sum” literally means “a light touch on the heart,” which is an ideal way to describe the small, delicious, sweet dishes. Common dishes include cha siu bao (pork-filled buns), haa gaau (shrimp dumplings), siu mai (pork dumplings) , and fung jaau (chicken feet), to name but a few. ____47____ It’s common across China, often made using different ingredients from each region. For example, Shanghai has xiao long bao (steamed pork dumplings) , and there is chao shou (wontons) in Sichuan. What sets Cantonese dim sum apart, though, is its extraordinary variety of dishes and the fact that the list keeps growing. “Generally, things remain the same,” says chef Mak Gui-pui, “except for those people who keep changing things. I’m not against innovation; it’s just that Cantonese dim sum has to be either cold or hot, according to the nature of the ingredient. You can’t fry a watermelon!” ____48____ Originally a snack to go with morning tea gatherings, it has become a popular meal for lunch and dinner as well. Traditional tea houses have given way to bigger, brighter and cleaner restaurants. You can even have business luncheons in dim sum restaurants now. While the dishes have become fancier and more presentable, Mak notes that one thing remains the same: going for dim sum, or yum cha, is still a joyful occasion. ____49____ This southern Chinese cuisine is a source of pride for many in Hong Kong. It also expresses their unique cultural identity. Raised in a family in which everyone worked in restaurants, Mak believes that the cuisine, which brings people together, is a vital part of Chinese culture. “A dim sum meal is friendly and casual,” he says. “For generations, it’s been a tradition for Chinese families to yum cha on holidays. ____50____ ” A. Family and friends gather to sip tea and enjoy a variety of dishes served in bamboo containers or on small plates. B. Dim sum, however, is not unique to Cantonese cuisine. C. To many people’s great joy, modern dim sum has integrated a variety of international flavors and ingredients. D. Indeed, the ritual of dim sum has seen some changes over the years. E. There’s a sense of sharing and companionship that comes with the food. F. Certainly, the tradition of dim sum has stayed mostly consistent throughout the years. 【答案】47. B 48. D 49. A 50. E 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍中式点心含义、地域差异，讲述粤式点心的传承与时代变化及文化意义。 【47题详解】 上文“Common dishes include cha siu bao (pork-filled buns), haa gaau (shrimp dumplings), siu mai (pork dumplings) , and fung jaau (chicken feet), to name but a few.(常见点心包括叉烧包、虾饺、烧卖、凤爪等，以上仅列举一小部分)”列举了粤式点心的代表性食物。下文“It’s common across China, often made using different ingredients from each region.(这在中国各地都很常见，各地常使用不同的食材)”指出此类小吃并非广东独有，全国皆有。空处承上启下，需引出点心在全国的普遍性。所以B项“然而，点心并非粤菜所独有。”符合语境。B项中的however表转折，承接上文对粤式点心的介绍，并引出下文关于其他地区点心的描述。 【48题详解】 上文厨师Mak提到粤式点心虽允许创新但需遵循冷热规律，不能乱来。下文“Originally a snack to go with morning tea gatherings, it has become a popular meal for lunch and dinner as well.(它最初只是配早茶的小吃，如今却成了流行的午餐甚至晚餐)”讲述了点心用餐时段和场所的变化。空处需总领下文，概括点心习俗随时间的演变。所以D项“事实上，多年来点心这一惯例确实经历了一些变化。”符合语境。D项中的changes与下文描述的用餐时间延长、餐厅环境改善等内容相呼应。 【49题详解】 上文“While the dishes have become fancier and more presentable, Mak notes that one thing remains the same: going for dim sum, or yum cha, is still a joyful occasion.(尽管点心的款式愈发精致、卖相更佳，但Mak师傅指出，有一点始终未变：吃点心、饮茶依旧是一件充满乐趣的事)”强调饮茶带来的愉悦氛围。下文“This southern Chinese cuisine is a source of pride for many in Hong Kong. It also expresses their unique cultural identity.(这种华南美食是许多香港人的骄傲之源，也体现了他们独特的文化认同)”进一步升华其文化意义。空处需具体描绘“joyful occasion”的场景，体现其社交属性。所以A项“亲朋好友聚在一起，品茗赏味，享用竹蒸笼或小碟盛装的各种美食。”符合语境。该项生动刻画了阖家欢乐、共享美食的画面，是对上文“joyful occasion”的具体诠释，也为下文论述其文化认同感做了铺垫。 【50题详解】 上文“For generations, it’s been a tradition for Chinese families to yum cha on holidays.(几代人以来，中国家庭在节假日‘饮茶’已成传统)”强调了家庭团聚的传承。下文需对这一传统进行情感升华，点明其精神内核。所以E项“这种食物伴随着一种分享与陪伴的感觉。”符合语境，该项是对上文聚餐场景的深层提炼，解释了为何饮茶能成为文化传承——因为它承载着人与人之间的情感联结。 IV. Summary Writing (10) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How to Help Kids Manage Their Emotions Parents play an important role in teaching children self-regulation. At some point, they expect their kids to start managing their feelings as early as possible. Learning to regulate emotions, though, is a complex process. Emotion regulation calls for so many skills, including attention, planning, cognitive development, and language development, etc. Here are some science-tested strategies parents and caretakers can use to teach kids these important skills: The top priority is to start early. All kids benefit from teaching about feelings. Caregivers can start talking about feelings when their children are still babies. When communicating with your kid, you can point out when book or movie characters’ feel sad, happy, angry, or worried. Otherwise, infants who are quick to react and hard to calm down are more likely to have trouble managing emotions when they get older. Studies also show that children who have a secure and trusting relationship with their parents or caregivers have better emotion regulation as toddlers than those whose needs aren’t met by their caregivers. Being consistent and comforting will in essence help you develop a steady attachment to your child. For example, a toddler is learning to walk. One day, he falls and injures his knee. His mother immediately rushes to his side, gently picks him up, checks the wound, and comforts him. In this scenario, the mother provides physical comfort and a sense of security. In addition, kids tend to be modelled after parents’ behavior, so if one day you’re about to lose your temper when facing annoying situations, take a minute to breathe and calm down before you address the situation. You can walk into the other room and come back once you’re calmer in this case. You’re not avoiding the situation, but avoiding making an impulsive reaction. In conclusion, parents are children’s first teachers. It is their duty to help kids develop good emotional management skills. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Teaching kids emotion regulation is complex. What tops the priority list is to start early. By staying consistent and offering constant comfort, you essentially build a steady emotional bond with your child. Besides, kids naturally model their behavior after their parents. As children’s first teachers, parents hold the responsibility to help their kids develop sound emotional management skills. 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了父母如何帮助孩子管理情绪的科学策略。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Parents play an important role in teaching children self-regulation. Learning to regulate emotions, though, is a complex process. ②The top priority is to start early. ③Being consistent and comforting will in essence help you develop a steady attachment to your child. ④In addition, kids tend to be modelled after parents’ behavior, so if one day you’re about to lose your temper when facing annoying situations, take a minute to breathe and calm down before you address the situation. ⑤In conclusion, parents are children’s first teachers. It is their duty to help kids develop good emotional management skills. 2.缜密构思 将第①、⑤两个要点作为总起和总结，中间嵌入②③④三个核心策略要点。 3.遣词造句 Teaching kids emotion regulation is complex. What tops the priority list is to start early. By staying consistent and offering constant comfort, you essentially build a steady emotional bond with your child. Besides, kids naturally model their behavior after their parents. As children’s first teachers, parents hold the responsibility to help their kids develop sound emotional management skills. 【点睛】【高分句型1】What tops the priority list is to start early. (运用了What引导的主语从句) 【高分句型2】By staying consistent and offering constant comfort, you essentially build a steady emotional bond with your child. (运用了动名词作宾语) V. Translation （3+3+4+4） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 审美标准随时间的推移而改变，亦因文化而异。（vary）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Aesthetic standards vary over time and from culture to culture. 【解析】 【详解】表示“审美标准”应用aesthetic standards，作主语，位于句首单词首字母需大写，表示“随时间的推移而改变”应用动词vary over time，表示“因文化而异”应用vary from culture to culture，句子描述客观事实，谓语用一般现在时，用and连接两个并列的状语over time和from culture to culture。 53. 在这个贫困的乡村，农民们每天花10多个小时在地里挥汗如雨地干活。（sweat）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In this poor countryside, farmers spend more than 10 hours every day sweating away in the fields. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述日常常态，全句使用一般现在时；表示“在这个贫困的乡村”为in this poor countryside置于句首作地点状语，in首字母大写；表示“农民们”为farmers作主句主语；表示“花费（时间）”为spend作谓语，主语farmers是复数，谓语用动词原形；表示“10多个小时”为more than 10 hours作spend的宾语；表示“每天”为every day作时间状语；表示“挥汗如雨”为sweat away，固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth.，所以此处为sweating away作宾语；表示“在地里”为介词短语in the fields作地点状语。 54. 上海植物园是人们放松身心、远离喧嚣、沐浴阳光的绝佳去处。（where）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Shanghai Botanical Garden is a perfect place where people can relax themselves, stay away from the city noise and enjoy the sunshine. 【解析】 【详解】表示“上海植物园”应用Shanghai Botanical Garden，表示“是”为be动词作谓语，句子描述客观事实，谓语用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为is，表示“绝佳去处”应用a perfect place，表示“放松身心、远离喧嚣、沐浴阳光的”用where引导定语从句修饰名词place，从句主语为people，表示“放松身心”应用动词短语relax themselves，表示“远离喧嚣”应用stay away from the city noise，表示“沐浴阳光”应用enjoy the sunshine，三个动作由and连接构成并列结构； 55. 我们每天被海量网络信息狂轰滥炸，使得虚假新闻在现代生活中变得司空见惯。（bombard）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We are bombarded with massive amounts of online information every day, making fake news very common in modern life. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，句子描述日常普遍现状，整体使用一般现在时；表示“被……狂轰滥炸”为固定搭配be bombarded with，主语We为复数，be用are，表示“海量”为massive amounts of，修饰不可数名词，表示“网络信息”为online information作介词with的宾语，表示“每天”为every day作句末时间状语；逗号后“使得虚假新闻在现代生活中变得司空见惯”可使用非谓语动词短语作状语，表示“使”为make，与前面整件事之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词making，表示“虚假新闻”为fake news作宾语，表示“司空见惯”可译为very common作宾语补足语，表示“在现代生活中”为介词短语in modern life。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025学年第二学期位育中学期末考试试卷 高一年级英语学科 （考试时间100分钟 总分100分 命题：李影 审题：赵汝滨 陈曙光） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A (5) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper. and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard 1. A. Excited. B. Surprised. C. Regretful. D. Confident. 2. A. At 6:00. B. At 6:45. C. At 7:15. D. At 8:00. 3. A. Fill in the form. B. Check the file cabinet. C. Learn about the job. D. Register entry information. 4. A. He has a bad credit rating. B. He lost his credit card again. C. He is declined for a credit card. D. He didn’t receive a credit report. 5. A. The woman should find a larger venue. B. He can help the woman with the party. C. He will attend the party with the woman. D. The woman had better not work overtime. 6. A. The woman has to update her file. B. The woman doesn’t need the card. C. The woman has reapplied the card. D. The man forgot to send out the card. 7. A. There is no need to read the required books. B. He tries his best whenever he does something. C. The modern European history class is optional. D. He is interested in the books on European history. 8. A. She didn’t like the movie B. The movie is beyond her expectation. C. The man knew nothing about the movie. D. She cares about others’ review on the movie. 9. A. What to wear for an interview. B. How to prepare for an interview. C. Where to live before the interview. D. Different opinions on the interview. 10. A. Sign up for the class election. B. recommend some candidates. C. Evaluate Robert’s performance. D. Be the chairman of the class committee. Section B (10) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and longer conversation. The passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Go to discount stores. B. Make seasonal purchases. C. Shop in department stores. D. Source second-hand clothes. 12. A. Because it is more affordable. B. Because it is more fashionable. C. Because it offers more choices. D. Because it can be paired flexibly. 13. A. Money-saving methods. B. Cheap ways to be stylish. C. Fashionable way of dressing. D. Suggestions on buying clothes. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The topic lacks depth. B. The topic is off the point. C. The topic is hard to understand. D. The topic is not specific enough. 15. A. Forward an email to the speaker. B. Make an appointment face to face. C. Sign a schedule in the speaker’s office. D. Make a phone call to the speaker in advance. 16. A. The outline style in textbook. B. The revisions of the initial outline. C. Time to hand in the final outline. D. A thesis statement and a conclusion. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Exhausting. B. Interesting. C. Impressive. D. Depressing. 18. A. She is a pioneer in the influencer industry. B. She used to be an instructor for curly hair. C. She sticks to her career regardless of doubts. D. She runs an accessory company with six people. 19. A. The uncertainty of the work prospect. B. The real income of being an influencer. C. The privacy of showing her life online. D. The social status of working as an influencer. 20. A. They are more and more reliable. B. It’s easier for them to make a fortune. C. They can control consumers’ preference. D. Many of them are successful entrepreneurs. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks. use one word that best fits each blank. Lai Ka-ying: Hong Kong’s First Astronaut Blasts Off (升空) Lai Ka-ying, the first Chinese female civilian astronaut and Hong Kong’s first space traveler, said she never dared to dream of spaceflight. At a pre-launch news conference at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, she spoke with gratitude and pride, saying the chance was beyond her _____1_____ (wild) expectations. She thanked the motherland, the Hong Kong government and its people, and promised to finish all assigned tasks and live up to the trust placed in her. _____2_____ (bear) in Hong Kong in November 1982, Lai earned her bachelor’s and doctoral degrees in computer science from the University of Hong Kong. _____3_____ she received high-paying job offers from investment banks, she chose to serve the public by joining the Hong Kong Police Force, where she worked on electronic forensics and cybersecurity. In 2022, Lai applied for China’s fourth-generation astronaut selection, _____4_____ for the first time recruited payload specialists from Hong Kong and Macao. She _____5_____ (stand out) from 120 Hong Kong applicants after strict medical, physical and psychological tests, and started official training in Beijing in August 2024. _____6_____ training brought was tough challenges: Mandarin communication barriers, intense theory courses, difficult hands-on practice and extreme drills such as 72-hour sleep deprivation and desert survival. _____7_____ her small build, she mastered spacesuit operations with expert guidance. She _____8_____ keep calm and focused to complete every difficult procedure safely. She thanked veteran astronauts, space workers and her family for their strong support. During her six-month stay on the Tiangong space station, Lai will carry out scientific experiments. She looks forward to _____9_____ (see) the motherland and her hometown from space and will bring family photos and artworks. Her husband gave up career development to care for their three children in Beijing. Hong Kong’s chief executive and her alma mater praised her journey, saying she inspires young people in Hong Kong ______10______ (chase) their space dreams. Section B (10) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. alternative B. perceived C. visible D. lowered E. substitute F. appeal G. randomly H. alter I. limiting J. ultimately K. implications Breakfast Choices Affect Facial Attractiveness A study by French researchers reveals that people who eat breakfast high in refined carbohydrates are rated less attractive than those who choose unrefined carbs. If you hope to look your best in the morning, you should ____11____ ultra-processed cakes and sweet juice with whole meal toast and unsweetened drinks. Scientists believe this change in attractiveness may come from blood sugar and insulin (胰岛素) shifts that affect skin condition and hormones. Dr Claire Bertcat notes that diet can quickly change how people look and are ____12____ by others. The study included 52 men and 52 women aged 20 to 30. Volunteers were ____13____ given a 500-calorie breakfast of either refined or unrefined carbohydrates (粗碳水化合物). The refined carb meal included white baguette, jam, sweetened juice, and sugary drinks. The unrefined ____14____ had whole meal bread, butter, cheese, fresh fruit, and unsweetened tea or coffee. Researchers tested blood sugar levels and took standardized photos before and after meals. Raters then judged the photos for age, masculinity or femininity, and attractiveness. Results published in Plos One showed that a refined-carb breakfast ____15____ facial attractiveness in both men and women. The effect differs by gender and meal type, showing the complex link between diet and appearance. Bertcat says the findings remind people that diet has ____16____ for health and socially important traits like attractiveness. Refined carbohydrates cause sharp blood sugar spikes, followed by insulin releases that may lead to hypoglycemia (低血糖). This condition affects blood flow and skin appearance, and only the refined-carb breakfast caused this response. Professor David Perrett adds that diet naturally affects attractiveness: plant pigments (色素) from fruits and vegetables boost ____17____, while high-sugar diets age skin. Rapid blood flow changes can quickly ____18____ skin tone and health appearance. Dr Bertcat advises ____19____ refined carbohydrates. These foods harm health and appearance, so choosing unrefined options is a simple way to support both wellness and attractiveness. The study shows that small daily dietary changes can have ____20____ effects on how people look and are judged by others. III. Reading Comprehension Section A (15) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Parks are emerging as important public health solutions in urban communities. Nearly 40 years of research evidence confirms that nearby nature, including parks, gardens, the urban forest and green spaces, support human health and wellness. The research about ___21___ living and opportunities to avoid chronic diseases (such as diabetes, heart disease and respiratory problems) is particularly relevant to large parks where people can enjoy walking and bike paths, and playing fields. But, ___22___ as important is the role of small parks and nature spaces for health. In many communities, additional land for large parks is either expensive or difficult to repurpose. Creating pocket parks can be a productive public and private joint venture that introduces the spaces for nature encounters that ___23___ everyone. The following is a list of the possible helpful effects pocket parks can bring to one’s life. Stress Reduction Stress is a major ___24___ ill health. Left unresolved, long-term stress can lead to immune system issues and illness. The ___25___ of nature is one antidote (对策) to stress, and the body’s positive response is remarkably fast, occurring within minutes. Studies by environmental psychologists show that mere visual exposure to nature, ___26___ trees, grass and flowers, can effectively reduce stress, particularly if initial stress levels are high. Better Mental Health and Functioning Experiences of nearby nature contribute to better mental health and improve one’s capacity to be productive. Modern life often demands sustained focus on projects, and this effort can lead to cognitive overload, bringing on irritability and an inability to function effectively, often with physical ___27___ . Views or brief experiences of nearby nature help to ___28___ the mind from mental fatigue, as natural settings provide relief from the highly focused attention needed for most tasks in school or at work. This may contribute to higher ___29___ in the workplace, as research shows that office workers with a view of nature are better able to attend to tasks, report fewer illnesses and have higher job satisfaction. Increased time of nature experience (up to 1.5 hours) increases the restorative effect. Building Social Capital Social capital, a critical condition for a host of community benefits, is formed from the interpersonal relationships of people and resulting supportive networks. The mere ____30____ of landscape or trees appears to promote community connections. Views of green space from homes are linked to greater ____31____ of well-being and neighborhood satisfaction. Public housing residents reported feeling safer if their community development had well-maintained landscaping, including trees and grass. ____32____, greener public facilities tend to be safer, with fewer incivilities and less reported crimes. Active involvement in community greening and nature restoration projects also produces social benefits, including strengthening of intergenerational ____33____ and organizational empowerment. Scientific evidence should be the basis of future efforts to make cities more ____34____ . We now know that nearby nature — including small plots or pockets embedded within all land uses — directly contributes to quality human habitat and is profoundly important for the health of mind and body. Integrations of parks and infrastructure goals can provide more opportunities for the nearby nature experiences that ____35____ good health and sustain wellness. 21. A. active B. deliberate C. rural D. conscious 22. A. essentially B. equally C. individually D. interestingly 23. A. blame B. burst C. budget D. benefit 24. A. indicator of B. provider for C. example of D. contributor to 25. A. association B. experience C. vastness D. fragility 26. A. in the form of B. in the name of C. in the perspective of D. in the pursuit of 27. A. diseases B. symptoms C. engagements D. movements 28. A. revise B. recharge C. restore D. remove 29. A. creativity B. visibility C. productivity D. diversity 30. A. communication B. interpretation C. presence D. stimulator 31. A. integrations B. perceptions C. understanding D. development 32. A. Specifically B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Similarly 33. A. gaps B. advantages C. setbacks D. ties 34. A. productive B. diverse C. sustainable D. notable 35. A. practise B. plunge C. postpone D. promote Section B (22) Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. As one of modern biology’s most influential scientists, David Baltimore left an enduring scientific legacy in the era of molecular biology from its birth to the emergence of cellular engineering and genome (基因组) editing. Born in New York City in 1938, and raised in Great Neck, David traced the origins of his interest in biology to a particularly inspiring high school summer that his mother organized for him at the Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbour, Maine). There, he first encountered Howard Temin, with whom David would later share the Nobel Prize. After earning his bachelor’s degree in chemistry in 1960, David dived into the emerging field of molecular biology, specifically concentrating on viral reproduction. David’s fascination with viral reproduction strategies led him to explore RNA tumor (肿瘤) viruses, which in turn laid the foundation for his groundbreaking discovery of the enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT). This breakthrough was announced in 1970 in a Nature article alongside Howard Temin’s report, which both reported RT copied RNA into DNA, a feature that defined the novel class of retroviruses. For his revolutionary discovery concerning “the interaction between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell,” David shared the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine at the astonishingly tender age of 37. Beyond his scientific excellence, David was also an exceptional leader of scientific institutions. I, like many former trainees, can recount colorful stories of David’s wisdom, and influence. I vividly recall my interview for a position in David’s lab as a graduate student while David was already a towering scientific celebrity. As I entered his office, David rose from his desk and walked toward me with his hand outstretched. “Hello, I’m David Baltimore.” And we then engaged in a far-ranging conversation about life, science, and graduate school. While David warned me that his large lab would require considerable independence, his warmth and genuine interest convinced me that even rare moments with him would be enriching. I was so fortunate to visit David during his last days and receive his constructive and encouraging feedback from him, a scientist true to his lifelong role. 36. What excited David Baltimore’s interest in biology? A. A summer science camp during high school. B. The patient guidance from his mother at home. C. A discussion with Howard Temin at a conference. D. His chemistry studies during undergraduate years. 37. For what was David Baltimore awarded the Nobel Prize? A. His exploration of RNA tumor viruses. B. Inventing a new method of genome editing. C. His leadership in major research institutions. D. Discovering that RT copied RNA into DNA. 38. What was the author’s first impression of David Baltimore? A. Serious and distant. B. Hesitant and cautious. C. Learned and approachable. D. Authoritative and demanding. 39. What’s the purpose of this passage? A. To memorize a great scientist. B. To stress cooperation in science. C. To announce a major achievement. D. To encourage youth to pursue a career. (B) When it comes to choosing a new destination to explore, some travelers are content to pick locations close to home, while others are willing to go to the ends of the earth. Here are some remote destinations that few people will have the chance to experience. Tristan da Cunha The island of Tristan da Cunha is set in the south Atlantic Ocean, 1,743 miles east of Cape Town, South Africa. Home to just 246 people, the island is an active volcano and its main town, Edinburgh of the Seven Seas, was nearly destroyed in 1961 following an eruption. Travelers hoping to experience Tristan need to plan in advance, as permission from the Administrator and Island Council is required to visit. Ittoqqortoormiut, Greenland The small settlement of Ittoqqortoormiut, Greenland, is set between Northeast Greenland National Park and Scoresby Sund, the world’s largest national park. Its 450 residents live in brightly painted wooden houses that sit on permafrost, locked in nine months of sea ice and total darkness each winter. The village can be accessed only by helicopter or boat. There are varieties of wildlife in this region, including polar bears, narwhals, and walruses. Longyearbyen, Norway It is located about halfway between Norway and the North Pole, and has become a destination for travelers hoping to see both the northern lights and polar bears. Longyearbyen, a town of around 2,000 people, is dotted with colorful houses dating back to its heyday（鼎盛期）as a mining town. The region is completely dark for two-and-a-half months every winter, and the sun shines 24/7 in the summer. Grise Fiord, Nunavut, Canada Located on Ellesmere Island, Grise Fiord, or Aujuittugin Inuktitut, is the northernmost settlement in Canada. The Inuit village of 141 people is located in the Arctic Cordillera mountain range, and visitors can take in the area’s various wildlife, including narwhals, seals, beluga whales, walruses, musk oxen, and polar bears. 40. What do we know about Tristan da Cunha? A. It is connected to South Africa. B. It is an extremely cold place to live. C. A volcano eruption nearly destroyed it. D. Specific permission is required to visit it. 41. Which place is suitable for a person wanting to experience atmospheric light phenomena? A. Tristan da Cunha. B. Longyearbyen, Norway. C. Ittoqqortoormiut, Greenland. D. Grise Fiord, Nunavut, Canada. 42. What can be inferred about all four destinations mentioned in the article? A. They are all primarily accessed by helicopter. B. They are all permanently covered with ice and snow. C. They are all inhabited by small but tough communities. D. They are all facing significant threats from volcanic eruptions. (C) From the bags that find their way to the ocean and into the stomachs of whales to the straws that hurt turtles to the microscopic shards (碎片) and synthetic fibers that are found in the remote Arctic, plastic spreads through the planet. A 2017 study in Science Advances estimated that of all the plastic ever produced, 90 percent is still around, mainly in landfills or out in the environment. Bans on single-use plastic such as bags and straws have become a popular policy around the world to control plastic use. But though some of these rules have reduced waste in places, including Ireland and California, they do not directly address production and can send users to alternatives much less friendly to the environment. Researchers have learned enough about the flow of plastic waste to know it poses a widespread environmental problem. Plastic causes physical harm to animals and could combine with other threats to endanger vulnerable species. There is also concern about humans taking in micro-plastic. We must do a better job of stopping the flood. Doing that means coping with two broad goals: considerably reducing the amount of plastic we produce and improving the recycling and reuse of all that we make. The U.S. must be a bigger part of these solutions. Blame is too often laid merely at the feet of rapidly developing Asian countries that lack strong waste-management systems, and we forget the role that the U.S. plays not only in producing plastic but by exporting millions of tons of the waste to Asia. With some Asian countries no longer accepting imports of much recyclable waste, it has forced a reckoning (清算) in the U.S., with the local authorities responsible for an overwhelmed recycling system turning to landfills and incinerators (焚化炉). Those options can have other environmental impacts and trigger the creation of original plastic from fossil fuels, instead of reusing and recycling existing plastic. Only 9 percent of plastic in the U.S. is now recycled, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. Federal and state governments should step up to help streamline the nation’s current recycling system. This could be done, for example, by standardizing what can be recycled and putting limits on additives such as coloring, which is expensive to remove and can make plastic less valuable to a recycler. Many researchers also say plastic product manufacturers need to be pushed beyond their present voluntary commitments to reduce plastic waste with incentives that will make them bear more of the cost of that waste. We need comprehensive solutions, not just Band-Aids that cover up the symptoms but ignore the roots of the plastic problem. 43. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A. Arctic is threatened with widespread plastic pollution. B. The majority of plastic produced is recycled for further use. C. Single-use plastic has been altogether eliminated worldwide. D. Bans on plastic bags may give rise to some unexpected results. 44. In this passage, the word “overwhelmed” (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to “______”. A. illegal B. unreasonable C. ineffective D. irreplaceable 45. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Plastic product manufacturers should make clear what is suitable for recycling. B. Additives like coloring should be banned because it devalues plastic to a recycler. C. The root of the plastic problems lies in inadequate law enforcement to ban plastic. D. Compulsory measures for recycling should be imposed on plastic product manufacturers. 46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. We Should Say No to Plastic. B. Plastic Pollution Affords No Delay! C. What Should We Do about Plastic? D. No Place is Free from Plastic. Section C (4) Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Dim Sum: A Tradition That’s Anything but Dim In Chinese, “dim sum” literally means “a light touch on the heart,” which is an ideal way to describe the small, delicious, sweet dishes. Common dishes include cha siu bao (pork-filled buns), haa gaau (shrimp dumplings), siu mai (pork dumplings) , and fung jaau (chicken feet), to name but a few. ____47____ It’s common across China, often made using different ingredients from each region. For example, Shanghai has xiao long bao (steamed pork dumplings) , and there is chao shou (wontons) in Sichuan. What sets Cantonese dim sum apart, though, is its extraordinary variety of dishes and the fact that the list keeps growing. “Generally, things remain the same,” says chef Mak Gui-pui, “except for those people who keep changing things. I’m not against innovation; it’s just that Cantonese dim sum has to be either cold or hot, according to the nature of the ingredient. You can’t fry a watermelon!” ____48____ Originally a snack to go with morning tea gatherings, it has become a popular meal for lunch and dinner as well. Traditional tea houses have given way to bigger, brighter and cleaner restaurants. You can even have business luncheons in dim sum restaurants now. While the dishes have become fancier and more presentable, Mak notes that one thing remains the same: going for dim sum, or yum cha, is still a joyful occasion. ____49____ This southern Chinese cuisine is a source of pride for many in Hong Kong. It also expresses their unique cultural identity. Raised in a family in which everyone worked in restaurants, Mak believes that the cuisine, which brings people together, is a vital part of Chinese culture. “A dim sum meal is friendly and casual,” he says. “For generations, it’s been a tradition for Chinese families to yum cha on holidays. ____50____ ” A. Family and friends gather to sip tea and enjoy a variety of dishes served in bamboo containers or on small plates. B. Dim sum, however, is not unique to Cantonese cuisine. C. To many people’s great joy, modern dim sum has integrated a variety of international flavors and ingredients. D. Indeed, the ritual of dim sum has seen some changes over the years. E. There’s a sense of sharing and companionship that comes with the food. F. Certainly, the tradition of dim sum has stayed mostly consistent throughout the years. IV. Summary Writing (10) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How to Help Kids Manage Their Emotions Parents play an important role in teaching children self-regulation. At some point, they expect their kids to start managing their feelings as early as possible. Learning to regulate emotions, though, is a complex process. Emotion regulation calls for so many skills, including attention, planning, cognitive development, and language development, etc. Here are some science-tested strategies parents and caretakers can use to teach kids these important skills: The top priority is to start early. All kids benefit from teaching about feelings. Caregivers can start talking about feelings when their children are still babies. When communicating with your kid, you can point out when book or movie characters’ feel sad, happy, angry, or worried. Otherwise, infants who are quick to react and hard to calm down are more likely to have trouble managing emotions when they get older. Studies also show that children who have a secure and trusting relationship with their parents or caregivers have better emotion regulation as toddlers than those whose needs aren’t met by their caregivers. Being consistent and comforting will in essence help you develop a steady attachment to your child. For example, a toddler is learning to walk. One day, he falls and injures his knee. His mother immediately rushes to his side, gently picks him up, checks the wound, and comforts him. In this scenario, the mother provides physical comfort and a sense of security. In addition, kids tend to be modelled after parents’ behavior, so if one day you’re about to lose your temper when facing annoying situations, take a minute to breathe and calm down before you address the situation. You can walk into the other room and come back once you’re calmer in this case. You’re not avoiding the situation, but avoiding making an impulsive reaction. In conclusion, parents are children’s first teachers. It is their duty to help kids develop good emotional management skills. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation （3+3+4+4） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 审美标准随时间的推移而改变，亦因文化而异。（vary）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________ 53. 在这个贫困的乡村，农民们每天花10多个小时在地里挥汗如雨地干活。（sweat）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 54. 上海植物园是人们放松身心、远离喧嚣、沐浴阳光的绝佳去处。（where）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 55. 我们每天被海量网络信息狂轰滥炸，使得虚假新闻在现代生活中变得司空见惯。（bombard）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $