专题02 非谓语动词（不定式、分词、动名词考点全解析）（暑假复习讲义）新高一英语译林版

专题02 非谓语动词考点全解析 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 不定式的用法 考点二 动名词的用法 考点三 现在分词的用法 考点四 过去分词的用法 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一 动词不定式 【知识精讲】 一、动词不定式结构 动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 否定式：not + (to) do 　　以do为例，动词不定式的构成如下：　 （1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后. 　　I'm nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 　　The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。 　　The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作。 （2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： 　　The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。 　　He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。 （3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： 　　I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了。 　　I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。 　　He is pleased to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友。 二、不定式的句法功能： （1）作主语： 　　To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 　　To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： 　　It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 　　It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。 常用句式有：1.It + be+名词+to do 2.It takes sb. +some time +to do 3.It+ be+形容词+of sb +to do 常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的形容词， 不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。 （2）作表语： 　　Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。 　　He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。 （3）作宾语： 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如： 　　Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.　　 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如： 　　I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里，别无选择。 　　He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干。 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如： 　　He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。 （4）作宾语补足语： 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如： 　　With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema． 他有很多工作要做，所以没去电影院。 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如： 　　I saw him cross the road. 我看见他横过公路。 　　He was seen to cross the road. 他被我看见横过公路。 （5）作定语： 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系： ①动宾关系： 　　I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要出席。 　　注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如： 　　He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。 　　The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩子无忧无虑。 　　What did you open it with? 你用什么打开它？ 　如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词： 　　He has no place to live. 他无处安身。 　　This is the best way to work out this problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好办法。 　如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式： 　　Have you got anything to send? 你要送什么东西吗？ 　　Have you got anything to be sent? 你有什么东西需要送吗？ ②说明所修饰名词的内容： 　　We have made a plan to finish the work. 我们制定了一个完成工作的计划。 ③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语： 　　He is the first to get here. 他第一个来到这儿。 （6）作状语： ①表目的： 　　He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。 　　She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。 　注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： 　　wrong：To save money, every means has been tried. 　　right：To save money, he has tried every means. 为了省钱，他使出了浑身解数。 　　wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. 　　right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 为了学好英语，他需要一本词典。 ②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果 意料之外)： 常放在never only后 　　He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了，只见火车已经走了。 　　I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他，只见他出去了。 ③表原因：常放在形容词后面 　　They were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。 ④表程度： 　　It's too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了，我们什么也看不见。 　　The question is simple for him to answer. 这问题由他来回答是很简单的。 （7）作目的状语：既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾 　　To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked. 说实话，我不喜欢他讲话的方式。 （8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。 　　If you don't want to do it, you don't need to. 如果你不想做这件事，你就不必做。 （9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。 　　He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他希望学医并成为医生。 【典例破题】 1．—Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents? —You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them. A．how to buy B．what to buy C．where to buy D．when to buy 2．Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades in a new year. A．get B．getting C．to get 【巩固提升】 1．Our teacher advises us ________ ourselves in the sunshine. A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoyed D．enjoying 2．Kitty will go to the English Corner ______ her English this Saturday afternoon. A．to practise B．practising C．practised D．practise 3．The government is developing new plans ________ ancient buildings. A．protect B．to protect C．protects D．protected 4．Our English teacher is humorous and he often tells funny jokes to make us ________. A．to laugh B．laugh C．laughed 5．—What are you going to do this summer vacation? —I plan ________ my cousin in Hangzhou. A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited 6．In China, family members get together ________ the Mid-Autumn Festival. A．to celebrate B．celebrate C．celebrated 7．________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last night. A．To learn B．Learning C．Learned D．Learn 8．Our headmaster will invite a scientist ________ us a speech on space technology. A．give B．given          C．giving D．to give 考点二 动名词 【知识精讲】 动名词的概念 动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。 一般式 （谓语动词同时发生） doing being done 完成式 （谓语动词发生之前） having done having been done 　　 动名词的形式： V-ing 　否定式：not + 动名词 　　（1）一般式： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 　　（2）被动式： He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。 　　（3）完成式： We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 　　（4）完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 　　（5）否定式：not + 动名词 :I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。 　　（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词 　　 He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。 　　 His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。 动名词的句法功能： （1）作主语： 　　Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 　　Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 　当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。 　　It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。 （2）作表语： 　　In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。 （3）作宾语： 　　They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。 　　We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 【注意】动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如： 　　We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语： 　　enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like （4）作定语： 　　He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。 　　Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？ （5）作同位语： 　　The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。 　　His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged． 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。 【典例破题】 1．—How do you improve your English listening skills? —I spend about twenty minutes ________ English videos every day. A．watch B．to watch C．watching 2．Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time. A．sporting B．shopping C．dressing D．eating 【巩固提升】 1．The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write; showing B．writing; show C．write; show D．writing; showing 2．I think ________ resolutions at the beginning of a year is a good way to improve our lives. A．making B．make C．makes D．made 3．We should avoid ________ a noise in the library. A．make B．to make C．making 4．By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall. A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 二、单词拼写 1．Many poets express their love for Yangzhou by ______ its beauty in their works. (赞赏) 2．My sister has many hobbies, such as dancing and __________ (sing). 3．My grandparents enjoy _________ (practice) Tai chi in the yard every morning. 4．Many students have trouble ________ with their parents. However, with a little hard work, they can learn to solve this problem. (communicate) 5．—Professor Wang will give us a talk on the history of Huai’an tomorrow. —Really? I look forward to _________ (attend) it. 考点三 现在分词 【知识精讲】 现在分词的概念 现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。 现在分词的形式： 　否定式：not + 现在分词 （1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如： 　They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。 　Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。 （2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 　The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 　Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 现在分词的句法功能： （1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。 　　In the following years he worked even harder. 　　The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher. （2）现在分词作表语： 　　The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。 　　The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。 be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。 （3）作宾语补足语： 如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语： see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。 例如: Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 　　He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。 （4）现在分词作状语： ①作时间状语： 　　(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. ②作原因状语： 　　Being a League member, he is always helping others. ③作方式状语，表示伴随： 　　He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. ④作条件状语： 　　(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. ⑤作结果状语： 　　He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. ⑥作目的状语： 　　He went swimming the other day. 。 ⑦作让步状语： 　　Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. ⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格： 　　I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head． 　　All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 　　Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 　　With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 ⑨作独立成分： 　　urging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。 　　Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。 【典例破题】 1．I saw some boys ________ basketball when I walked by the playground. A．play B．playing C．to play 【巩固提升】 一、单项选择 1．The government’s subsidy policy ________ consumers to buy electric vehicles has boosted sales by 60%. A．encourages B．encouraging C．to encourage D．encouraged 2．Huawei’s Hongmeng OS has become the world’s third-largest mobile operating system, ______ over 300 million devices. A．power B．powers C．powered D．powering 3．When he got home, he saw his dog ________ on the floor and a bottle of wine was ________ on the table. A．lied, lain B．lying, laid C．lay, lying D．lie, lay 二、单词拼写 1．He was seen ________ out of his office at about 5:30 pm. (run) 2．A gala ________ the 25th anniversary of Macao’s return to the motherland was held on 19 December. (标志) 考点四 过去分词 【知识精讲】 过去分词及过去分词的句法功能： 过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。 1．过去分词作定语： 　Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 　Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 2．过去分词作表语： 　　The window is broken. 窗户破了。 　　They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。 注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别： 　　The window is broken.（系表） 　　The window was broken by the boy.（被动） 有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如： 　　boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶） 　　newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳） 　　the changed world（变了的世界） 这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。 3．过去分词作宾语补足语： I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语： With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。 4．过去分词作状语： Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因） Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间） Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件） Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步） Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。 【典例破题】 1．________ with the weather in Kunming, the weather here is much colder. A．Compared B．To compare C．Compare 2．To make herself ________ at the crowded party, she wore a bright red dress. A．see B．seeing C．seen 【巩固提升】 一、单项选择 1．I have been to New York, also ________ “the Big Apple”, three times. A．called B．call C．calls D．to call 2．—Your hair is a little untidy. You’d better have it ________. —All right, Mum. A．wash B．washed C．washes D．washing 3．Chengdu Tianfu International Airport ________ in June 2021 has become a new landmark (地标) of Chengdu. A．completed B．was completed C．has been completed 4．He has a garden ________ flowers in it. A．is full of B．filled with C．full of D．B \ C 5．—It’s said that people ________ in the Year of the Dog are loyal. —Yes, it ________ true. A．born; may be B．were born; may be C．born; maybe D．were born; maybe 6．—Sam, why didn’t you ride your bike to school this morning? Is it broken? —Yes. I want to get it ________ this afternoon. A．repair B．to repair C．repairing D．repaired 7．There is not any food ________ in the fridge, so I will go to the supermarket. A．leave B．leaving C．leaves D．left 8．The old man explained it to the foreigners to make himself ________ at last, so he felt excited. A．understood B．understanding C．understand 一、单项选择 1．As middle school students, we are expected ______ hard and happily in school. A．working B．living C．to work D．to live 2．People may use different body language ________ the same feelings. A．show B．shows C．to show 3．The teacher asked the students ________ loudly in the library. A．not to talk B．to not talk C．don’t talk D．not talking 4．—How is the film?        —Oh, it’s well worth ________ twice. A．to see B．see C．seeing D．is seen 5．My little brothers are busy ________ games. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 6．—Would you mind ________ the music? The baby is sleeping. —Of course not. A．turning down B．turn down C．to turn down D．turned down 7．________ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team shouted happily. A．To throw B．Throwing C．Thrown D．Being thrown 8．—Do you know the women ________ clothes by the river? —I have no idea. A．washing B．washed C．to wash D．washes 9．The book ________ by Mo Yan is very popular among the young people. A．write B．wrote C．writing D．written 10．—It’s interesting for us ________ games in the Central Park. —Yes, I feel the same way. A．to play B．playing C．play D．plays 二、单词拼写 11．I have a pain in my head and I don’t feel like ________ anything now. (eat) 12．________ the words correctly is very important in spoken English. (pronounce) 13．Body language is very common in our lives. ________ our head means we agree with others. (nod) 14．The terrible accident warns us ________ (pay) more attention to road safety. 15．I advise you to pay more attention to r________ what you learnt yesterday for tomorrow’s test. 16．—My friend helps me a lot. I don’t know how to e________ my thanks to him. —Why not make a card for him? 17．I like ________ (跑步) in the morning. It’s good for my health. 18．I can use what I learn to ________ (解决) some problems. 19．Jane, please remember to r________ (回复) to me by Friday. 20．Would you mind c________ (检查) your papers again? 三、完成句子 21．不要买任何象牙制造的东西。 Don’t buy anything ________ _________ ivory. 22．忙碌之余，花更多的时间和家人在一起是非常重要的。 It’s important ________ ________ more time with your family when you’re not busy. 23．我前面有5个人在等核酸检测。我是第六个。 There are 5 people ________ ________ Nucleic Acid Testing in front of me. I am the sixth. 24．加入社团是一个很好的交友方式。（完成译句） __________ a club is a good way to make __________. 25．The movie Yolo ______ ______ Chinese media companies received success. 由中国传媒公司制作的电影《热辣滚烫》获得了成功。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 非谓语动词考点全解析 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 不定式的用法 考点二 动名词的用法 考点三 现在分词的用法 考点四 过去分词的用法 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一 动词不定式 【知识精讲】 一、动词不定式结构 动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 否定式：not + (to) do 　　以do为例，动词不定式的构成如下：　 （1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后. 　　I'm nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 　　The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。 　　The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作。 （2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： 　　The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。 　　He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。 （3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： 　　I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了。 　　I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。 　　He is pleased to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友。 二、不定式的句法功能： （1）作主语： 　　To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 　　To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： 　　It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 　　It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。 常用句式有：1.It + be+名词+to do 2.It takes sb. +some time +to do 3.It+ be+形容词+of sb +to do 常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的形容词， 不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。 （2）作表语： 　　Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。 　　He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。 （3）作宾语： 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如： 　　Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.　　 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如： 　　I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里，别无选择。 　　He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干。 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如： 　　He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。 （4）作宾语补足语： 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如： 　　With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema． 他有很多工作要做，所以没去电影院。 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如： 　　I saw him cross the road. 我看见他横过公路。 　　He was seen to cross the road. 他被我看见横过公路。 （5）作定语： 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系： ①动宾关系： 　　I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要出席。 　　注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如： 　　He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。 　　The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩子无忧无虑。 　　What did you open it with? 你用什么打开它？ 　如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词： 　　He has no place to live. 他无处安身。 　　This is the best way to work out this problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好办法。 　如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式： 　　Have you got anything to send? 你要送什么东西吗？ 　　Have you got anything to be sent? 你有什么东西需要送吗？ ②说明所修饰名词的内容： 　　We have made a plan to finish the work. 我们制定了一个完成工作的计划。 ③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语： 　　He is the first to get here. 他第一个来到这儿。 （6）作状语： ①表目的： 　　He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。 　　She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。 　注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： 　　wrong：To save money, every means has been tried. 　　right：To save money, he has tried every means. 为了省钱，他使出了浑身解数。 　　wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. 　　right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 为了学好英语，他需要一本词典。 ②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果 意料之外)： 常放在never only后 　　He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了，只见火车已经走了。 　　I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他，只见他出去了。 ③表原因：常放在形容词后面 　　They were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。 ④表程度： 　　It's too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了，我们什么也看不见。 　　The question is simple for him to answer. 这问题由他来回答是很简单的。 （7）作目的状语：既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾 　　To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked. 说实话，我不喜欢他讲话的方式。 （8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。 　　If you don't want to do it, you don't need to. 如果你不想做这件事，你就不必做。 （9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。 　　He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他希望学医并成为医生。 【典例破题】 1．—Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents? —You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them. A．how to buy B．what to buy C．where to buy D．when to buy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——爸爸，中秋节就要到了。你能告诉我给爷爷奶奶买什么吗？——你可以给他们买一些月饼、水果和鲜花。 考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。根据答语“You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them.”可知，询问应该买什么，故选B。 2．Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades in a new year. A．get B．getting C．to get 【答案】C 【详解】句意：同学们，祝你们好运，并祝你们在新的一年里取得好成绩。 考查非谓语动词。wish sb. to do sth.“希望某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。 【巩固提升】 1．Our teacher advises us ________ ourselves in the sunshine. A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoyed D．enjoying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的老师建议我们在阳光下享受（美好时光）。 考查非谓语动词。“advise sb. to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“建议某人做某事”，根据“Our teacher advises us...ourselves in the sunshine.”可知，此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选B。 2．Kitty will go to the English Corner ______ her English this Saturday afternoon. A．to practise B．practising C．practised D．practise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：基蒂这个星期六下午要去英语角练习英语。 考查非谓语动词。to practise练习，动词不定式形式；practising练习，现在分词或动名词形式；practised练习，过去式或过去分词形式；practise练习，动词原形。根据句子结构可知，空处应是动词不定式作目的状语，表示去英语角的目的是练习英语。故选A。 3．The government is developing new plans ________ ancient buildings. A．protect B．to protect C．protects D．protected 【答案】B 【详解】句意：政府正在制定新计划以保护古建筑。 考查非谓语动词。根据“The government is developing new plans...ancient buildings.”可知，制定新计划是为了保护古建筑，故此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故空格处需用to protect。故选B。 4．Our English teacher is humorous and he often tells funny jokes to make us ________. A．to laugh B．laugh C．laughed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师很幽默，他经常讲有趣的笑话来逗笑我们。 考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。 5．—What are you going to do this summer vacation? —I plan ________ my cousin in Hangzhou. A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这个暑假你打算做什么？——我计划去杭州看望我的堂兄。 考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 6．In China, family members get together ________ the Mid-Autumn Festival. A．to celebrate B．celebrate C．celebrated 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在中国，家人聚在一起庆祝中秋节。 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示聚在一起的目的是庆祝中秋节，用不定式形式。故选A。 7．________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last night. A．To learn B．Learning C．Learned D．Learn 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的信息，我昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索信息”的目的是“了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的信息”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故选A。 8．Our headmaster will invite a scientist ________ us a speech on space technology. A．give B．given          C．giving D．to give 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们的校长将邀请一位科学家为我们做一次关于空间技术的演讲。 考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。 考点二 动名词 【知识精讲】 动名词的概念 动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。 一般式 （谓语动词同时发生） doing being done 完成式 （谓语动词发生之前） having done having been done 　　 动名词的形式： V-ing 　否定式：not + 动名词 　　（1）一般式： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 　　（2）被动式： He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。 　　（3）完成式： We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 　　（4）完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 　　（5）否定式：not + 动名词 :I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。 　　（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词 　　 He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。 　　 His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。 动名词的句法功能： （1）作主语： 　　Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 　　Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 　当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。 　　It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。 （2）作表语： 　　In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。 （3）作宾语： 　　They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。 　　We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 【注意】动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如： 　　We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语： 　　enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like （4）作定语： 　　He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。 　　Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？ （5）作同位语： 　　The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。 　　His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged． 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。 【典例破题】 1．—How do you improve your English listening skills? —I spend about twenty minutes ________ English videos every day. A．watch B．to watch C．watching 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你如何提高自己的英语听力水平？——我每天大约花二十分钟观看英语视频。 考查动名词作宾语。spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，故选C。 2．Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time. A．sporting B．shopping C．dressing D．eating 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在20到30分钟内吃完一顿饭被普遍认为是理想的吃饭时间。 考查动名词辨析。sporting体育运动；shopping购物；dressing穿衣服；eating吃。根据“Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes”可知，是指吃饭的时间。故选D。 【巩固提升】 1．The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write; showing B．writing; show C．write; show D．writing; showing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师们过去常常在黑板上写关键点，但现在他们习惯于通过PPT展示。 考查非谓语动词。used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”，可排除BD选项；get used to doing sth表示“习惯于做某事”，可排除C选项。故选A。 2．I think ________ resolutions at the beginning of a year is a good way to improve our lives. A．making B．make C．makes D．made 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我认为在新年伊始制定新年计划是改善我们生活的好方法。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，think后接宾语从句，此空在从句中作主语，应填动名词，故选A。 3．We should avoid ________ a noise in the library. A．make B．to make C．making 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们应该避免在图书馆里制造噪音。 考查动名词作宾语。根据“avoid”可知此处应用动词短语avoid doing sth表示“避免做某事”，因此应用动名词making作宾语。故选C。 4．By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall. A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 【答案】D 【详解】句意：通过阅读公共标志，他毫不费力地找到了购物中心。 考查动名词作宾语。have difficulty in doing sth“做某事有困难”。故选D。 二、单词拼写 1．Many poets express their love for Yangzhou by ______ its beauty in their works. (赞赏) 【答案】praising 【详解】句意：许多诗人通过在他们的作品中赞赏扬州的美丽来表达他们对扬州的热爱。praise“赞赏”，by doing sth“通过做某事”。故填praising。 2．My sister has many hobbies, such as dancing and __________ (sing). 【答案】singing 【详解】句意：我姐姐有很多爱好，比如跳舞和唱歌。and前后的动词形式一致，故此处用动名词singing“唱歌”，作宾语。故填singing。 3．My grandparents enjoy _________ (practice) Tai chi in the yard every morning. 【答案】practicing 【详解】句意：我的祖父母喜欢每天早上在院子里练太极。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填practicing。 4．Many students have trouble ________ with their parents. However, with a little hard work, they can learn to solve this problem. (communicate) 【答案】communicating 【详解】句意：许多学生很难与父母沟通。然而，只要付出一点努力，他们就能学会解决这个问题。communicate“沟通，交流”，动词。have trouble (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”，动名词作宾语。故填communicating。 5．—Professor Wang will give us a talk on the history of Huai’an tomorrow. —Really? I look forward to _________ (attend) it. 【答案】attending 【详解】句意：——王教授明天将给我们讲淮安的历史。——真的吗？我期待着参加。attend“参加”，look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”。故填attending。 考点三 现在分词 【知识精讲】 现在分词的概念 现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。 现在分词的形式： 　否定式：not + 现在分词 （1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如： 　They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。 　Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。 （2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 　The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 　Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 现在分词的句法功能： （1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。 　　In the following years he worked even harder. 　　The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher. （2）现在分词作表语： 　　The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。 　　The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。 be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。 （3）作宾语补足语： 如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语： see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。 例如: Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 　　He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。 （4）现在分词作状语： ①作时间状语： 　　(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. ②作原因状语： 　　Being a League member, he is always helping others. ③作方式状语，表示伴随： 　　He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. ④作条件状语： 　　(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. ⑤作结果状语： 　　He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. ⑥作目的状语： 　　He went swimming the other day. 。 ⑦作让步状语： 　　Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. ⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格： 　　I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head． 　　All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 　　Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 　　With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 ⑨作独立成分： 　　urging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。 　　Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。 【典例破题】 1．I saw some boys ________ basketball when I walked by the playground. A．play B．playing C．to play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我走过操场时，我看见一些男孩在打篮球。 考查非谓语动词。根据“when I walked by the playground.”可知句子强调的是我走过操场时所看见的动作，see sb. doing sth.“看到某人正在做某事”，强调某一刻正在做的动作。故选B。 【巩固提升】 一、单项选择 1．The government’s subsidy policy ________ consumers to buy electric vehicles has boosted sales by 60%. A．encourages B．encouraging C．to encourage D．encouraged 【答案】B 【详解】句意：政府的补贴政策鼓励消费者购买电动汽车，使销量增长了60%。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个非谓语动词来修饰policy，表示政策的目的或功能。主语The government’s subsidy policy与动词encourage是主动关系，用动词的现在分词形式，即encouraging作后置定语。故选B。 2．Huawei’s Hongmeng OS has become the world’s third-largest mobile operating system, ______ over 300 million devices. A．power B．powers C．powered D．powering 【答案】D 【详解】句意：华为的鸿蒙操作系统已成为全球第三大移动操作系统，覆盖超过3亿台设备。    考查非谓语动词的用法。power为动词，意为“为……提供动力”。空处在逗号后，空前的句子已有谓语动词（has become），鸿蒙操作系统是“覆盖”设备的主体，因此空处需要用现在分词形式表示主动关系。故选D。 3．When he got home, he saw his dog ________ on the floor and a bottle of wine was ________ on the table. A．lied, lain B．lying, laid C．lay, lying D．lie, lay 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当他回到家时，他看到他的狗躺在地板上，桌子上放着一瓶酒。 考查非谓语动词及被动语态。根据“When he got home, he saw his dog…on the floor”可知，此处指他到家时看到狗正躺在地板上，see sb. doing sth.意为“看到某人正在做某事”，第一个应用现在分词形式lying，作宾语补足语；根据“a bottle of wine was…on the table”可知，此处指一瓶酒被放在桌子上，应用被动语态，其谓语动词构成是be+过去分词，因此第二个空填lain。故选B。 二、单词拼写 1．He was seen ________ out of his office at about 5:30 pm. (run) 【答案】running 【详解】句意：有人看到他在下午5:30左右跑出办公室。根据“at about 5:30 pm”可知被看到在下午5:30正跑出办公室，此处是结构be seen doing sth.“被看到正做某事”。故填running。 2．A gala ________ the 25th anniversary of Macao’s return to the motherland was held on 19 December. (标志) 【答案】marking 【详解】句意：12月19日，标志澳门回归祖国25周年庆典隆重举行。 mark“标志”，动词，a gala与mark之间为主动关系，因此用现在分词表示主动，作定语，故填marking。 考点四 过去分词 【知识精讲】 过去分词及过去分词的句法功能： 过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。 1．过去分词作定语： 　Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 　Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 2．过去分词作表语： 　　The window is broken. 窗户破了。 　　They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。 注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别： 　　The window is broken.（系表） 　　The window was broken by the boy.（被动） 有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如： 　　boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶） 　　newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳） 　　the changed world（变了的世界） 这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。 3．过去分词作宾语补足语： I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语： With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。 4．过去分词作状语： Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因） Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间） Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件） Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步） Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。 【典例破题】 1．________ with the weather in Kunming, the weather here is much colder. A．Compared B．To compare C．Compare 【答案】A 【详解】句意：与昆明的天气相比，这里的天气冷得多。 考查非谓语动词。compare with“与……相比较”，固定搭配，分析句子可知，空处是非谓语动词，非谓语动词compare与被省略的主语the weather之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式compared作状语。故选A。 2．To make herself ________ at the crowded party, she wore a bright red dress. A．see B．seeing C．seen 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了能在拥挤的聚会上让别人看到自己，她穿了一条鲜艳的红色连衣裙。 考查非谓语动词。see看见，看到，动词原形；seeing是see的动名词或现在分词形式；seen是see的过去分词形式。根据“To make herself…at the crowded party, she wore a bright red dress.”可知，在“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，当宾语和宾语补足语之间是被动关系时，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选C。 【巩固提升】 一、单项选择 1．I have been to New York, also ________ “the Big Apple”, three times. A．called B．call C．calls D．to call 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我去过被称为“大苹果”的纽约三次。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“New York”与动词call为被动关系，且句子谓语为“have been to”，所以这里应用过去分词called，“called the Big Apple”作后置定语，修饰“New York”。故选A。 2．—Your hair is a little untidy. You’d better have it ________. —All right, Mum. A．wash B．washed C．washes D．washing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的头发有点乱。你最好洗洗头。——好的，妈妈。 考查非谓语动词。have sth. done“做某事”，是固定词组，所以B项正确。故选B。 3．Chengdu Tianfu International Airport ________ in June 2021 has become a new landmark (地标) of Chengdu. A．completed B．was completed C．has been completed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：2021年6月完工的成都天府国际机场成为了成都的新地标。 考查非谓语动词。根据“has become”可知，句子已有谓语动词，故空格处应用动词非谓语，由于Chengdu Tianfu International Airport和complete“完成”为被动关系，故此处应用过去分词表被动，此处为过去分词作定语。故选A。 4．He has a garden ________ flowers in it. A．is full of B．filled with C．full of D．B \ C 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他有一个花园，里面有很多花。 考查固定短语。is full of充满，通常作表语；filled with充满，为过去分词短语，可用作定语；full of 充满，一般作后置定语。句子已有谓语动词has，所以A选项排除；B、C选项在此处都可以作定语修饰名词garden。故选D。 5．—It’s said that people ________ in the Year of the Dog are loyal. —Yes, it ________ true. A．born; may be B．were born; may be C．born; maybe D．were born; maybe 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——据说狗年出生的人很忠诚。——是的，这可能是真的。 考查非谓语动词及may be和maybe的用法。born出生；may be可能是；were born出生；maybe可能，副词。根据“It’s said that people...in the Year of the Dog are loyal.”可知，“that”从句中有be动词are，所以空处用过去分词born作后置定语；根据“it...true.”可知，句子缺少谓语动词，故用“情态动词may+be动词”作谓语。故选A。 6．—Sam, why didn’t you ride your bike to school this morning? Is it broken? —Yes. I want to get it ________ this afternoon. A．repair B．to repair C．repairing D．repaired 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Sam，你今天早上为什么没骑自行车上学？它坏了吗？——是的。我想今天下午把它修好。 考查非谓语动词。根据“get it ... this afternoon.”可知，it指代前文的“bike”，和repair为被动关系，表示“让自行车被修”，应用“get sth. done”表示“使某事/物被做”，repair的过去分词为“repaired”。故选D。 7．There is not any food ________ in the fridge, so I will go to the supermarket. A．leave B．leaving C．leaves D．left 【答案】D 【详解】句意：冰箱里已经没有食物了，所以我要去超市。 考查非谓语动词。句中有谓语动词，food和leave之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词left。故选D。 8．The old man explained it to the foreigners to make himself ________ at last, so he felt excited. A．understood B．understanding C．understand 【答案】A 【详解】句意：最后，老人向外国人解释了一下，让他们明白了自己的意思，所以他感到很兴奋。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词，作宾补，空处与宾语为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式，make oneself done“使自己被……”，是固定词组。故选A。 一、单项选择 1．As middle school students, we are expected ______ hard and happily in school. A．working B．living C．to work D．to live 【答案】C 【详解】句意：作为中学生，我们被期望在学校努力学习，快乐学习。 考查非谓语动词。根据“in school”可知，此处指努力学习，排除B项和D项；be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”，是固定用法，排除A项。故选C。 2．People may use different body language ________ the same feelings. A．show B．shows C．to show 【答案】C 【详解】句意：人们可能会用不同的肢体语言来表达相同的情感。 考查非谓语。根据题干分析可知，人们用不同的肢体语言是为了表达相同的情感，应用动词不定式表示目的。故选C。 3．The teacher asked the students ________ loudly in the library. A．not to talk B．to not talk C．don’t talk D．not talking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师要求学生在图书馆里不要大声喧哗。 考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。根据“The teacher asked the students...loudly in the library.”可知，此处考查固定搭配：ask sb. (not) to do sth.要求某人（不要）做某事。故选A。 4．—How is the film?        —Oh, it’s well worth ________ twice. A．to see B．see C．seeing D．is seen 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——电影怎么样？——哦，值得看两遍。 考查非谓语动词。be worth doing“值得做某事”，故选C。 5．My little brothers are busy ________ games. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的弟弟们正忙于玩游戏。 考查动词短语。be busy doing sth.表示“忙于做某事”。在这个句子中，“playing games”作为“are busy”的宾语，表示弟弟们当前正在忙于进行的活动是玩游戏。故选C。 6．—Would you mind ________ the music? The baby is sleeping. —Of course not. A．turning down B．turn down C．to turn down D．turned down 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你介意把音乐调低一点吗？宝宝正在睡觉。——当然不介意。 考查动名词作宾语。turning down调低；turn down调低（动词原形）；to turn down调低（不定式）；turned down被调低（过去分词）。would you mind后接动名词作宾语，表示“你介意做某事吗？”。故选A。 7．________ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team shouted happily. A．To throw B．Throwing C．Thrown D．Being thrown 【答案】B 【详解】句意：获胜球队的粉丝们高兴地欢呼着，将帽子抛向空中。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词shouted，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，动词throw与主语the fans之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词作状语。故选B。 8．—Do you know the women ________ clothes by the river? —I have no idea. A．washing B．washed C．to wash D．washes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你认识在河边洗衣服的妇女吗？——我不认识。 考查现在分词作定语。washing洗，现在分词；washed过去分词，洗完了的；to wash洗，to do不定式；washes洗，动词三单。空前的“women”与“wash”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语，修饰“women”，表示“在洗衣服的妇女”。故选A。 9．The book ________ by Mo Yan is very popular among the young people. A．write B．wrote C．writing D．written 【答案】D 【详解】句意：莫言写的这本书在年轻人中很受欢迎。 考查动词过去分词的用法。根据“The book...by Mo Yan”可知，这本书由莫言所写，written by“由……所写”，过去分词短语作后置定语。故选D。 10．—It’s interesting for us ________ games in the Central Park. —Yes, I feel the same way. A．to play B．playing C．play D．plays 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——在中央公园玩游戏对我们来说很有趣。——是的，我也有同感。 考查非谓语动词。It is+形容词+for sb to do sth“对于某人来说做某事是……的”，空处应填动词play的不定式to play。故选A。 二、单词拼写 11．I have a pain in my head and I don’t feel like ________ anything now. (eat) 【答案】eating 【详解】句意：我头疼，现在什么都不想吃。feel like doing sth“想要做某事”，eat要用动名词的形式。故填eating。 12．________ the words correctly is very important in spoken English. (pronounce) 【答案】Pronouncing 【详解】句意：正确地发音单词在英语口语中是非常重要的。根据“...the words correctly is very important in spoken English.”及所给单词可知，此处表示在英语口语中，正确发音单词非常重要。此处用动名词作主语，pronounce“发音”，动词，动名词形式为pronouncing，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Pronouncing。 13．Body language is very common in our lives. ________ our head means we agree with others. (nod) 【答案】Nodding 【详解】句意：肢体语言在我们的生活中很普遍。点头意味着我们赞同别人。根据“...our head means we agree with others.”及所给单词可知，此处表示点头意味着我们赞同别人，nod“点头”，动词，此处应用其动名词nodding，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Nodding。 14．The terrible accident warns us ________ (pay) more attention to road safety. 【答案】to pay 【详解】句意：这起可怕的事故提醒我们要更加注意道路安全。warn sb to do sth“告诫某人做某事”，动词短语，所以空处用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to pay。 15．I advise you to pay more attention to r________ what you learnt yesterday for tomorrow’s test. 【答案】(r)eviewing 【详解】句意：我建议你更加注意复习昨天学到的知识，以备明天的考试。根据“I advise you to pay more attention to…what you learnt yesterday for tomorrow’s test.”及首字母提示可知是对所学知识进行复习，review意为“复习”，pay attention to表示“注意；关注”，其中to是介词，后面需要接名词、代词或动名词形式，而这里需要使用它的动名词形式reviewing。故填(r)eviewing。 16．—My friend helps me a lot. I don’t know how to e________ my thanks to him. —Why not make a card for him? 【答案】(e)xpress 【详解】句意：——我的朋友帮了我很多。我不知道如何向他表达我的感激之情。——为什么不给他做一张卡片呢？根据“My friend helps me a lot”和“my thanks to him”以及首字母可推断此处表示“表达感激之情”。express“表达”，动词。how to do sth.“如何做某事”，此处用动词原形。故填(e)xpress。 17．I like ________ (跑步) in the morning. It’s good for my health. 【答案】running 【详解】句意：我喜欢早上跑步，对我身体有益。固定短语like doing sth.喜欢做某事，run的动名词形式是running。故填running。 18．I can use what I learn to ________ (解决) some problems. 【答案】solve 【详解】句意：我可以用我所学的东西来解决一些问题。solve“解决”，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填solve。 19．Jane, please remember to r________ (回复) to me by Friday. 【答案】(r)eply 【详解】句意：简，请记得在星期五之前回复我。reply“回复”，此处用动词原形，与to构成不定式。故填(r)eply。 20．Would you mind c________ (检查) your papers again? 【答案】(c)hecking 【详解】句意：你介意再检查一下你的试卷吗？check“检查”，mind doing sth.“介意做某事”。故填(c)hecking。 三、完成句子 21．不要买任何象牙制造的东西。 Don’t buy anything ________ _________ ivory. 【答案】 made of 【详解】通过中英文句子的比对，可知英文句子中缺少“由……制成”的表达，“由……制成”英文表达是made of，可看出原材料，这里是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰anything，故填made；of。 22．忙碌之余，花更多的时间和家人在一起是非常重要的。 It’s important ________ ________ more time with your family when you’re not busy. 【答案】 to spend 【详解】spend time with sb“花费时间和某人一起”，it is important to do something“做某事很重要”，所以应填动词不定式“to spend”。故填to；spend。 23．我前面有5个人在等核酸检测。我是第六个。 There are 5 people ________ ________ Nucleic Acid Testing in front of me. I am the sixth. 【答案】 waiting for 【详解】等待：wait for，句中有谓语动词，people和wait for之间是主动关系，用现在分词。故填waiting；for。 24．加入社团是一个很好的交友方式。（完成译句） __________ a club is a good way to make __________. 【答案】 Joining friends 【详解】结合中英文提示及空格数可知，此处缺“加入”，join，动词，动词不能作主语，要变成动名词形式joining，且此空位于句首，首字母要大写。“交朋友”的英文表达为“make friends”，为固定短语。故填Joining；friends。 25．The movie Yolo ______ ______ Chinese media companies received success. 由中国传媒公司制作的电影《热辣滚烫》获得了成功。 【答案】 produced by 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺少“由……制作”，其对应英文短语be produced by；主语The movie和Chinese media companies之间是被动关系，句中不缺谓语，这里应用过去分词作后置定语。故填produced；by。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $