内容正文:
专题02 动词不定式(期中复习讲义)
内 容 导 航
考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向,锚定备考重心
知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络,扫除知识盲区
知识点01 知识点02 知识点03
知识点04 知识点05 知识点06
典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题,强化解题能力
考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练,验收复习成效
考情透视·目标导航
核心考点
复习目标
考情规律
不定式的基本形式与句法功能(作主语、宾语、表语)
掌握动词不定式的基本构成,能准确判断其在句中作主语、宾语、表语的用法,识别形式主语 it 的替代结构。
基础必考点,常结合语法填空、单句改错考查,侧重基本形式和基础功能应用。
不定式的句法功能(作定语、状语、宾语补足语)
熟练掌握不定式作定语、状语、宾补的规则,能根据语境判断不定式的逻辑关系和时态。
高频重难点,易因忽略逻辑主谓 / 动宾关系、时态呼应导致错误。
不定式的省略与补全
掌握不定式省略to、仅保留to的规则,能在语境中正确补全或省略不定式成分。
高频易错点,语法填空、书面表达中均有考查,侧重语境中的灵活运用。
不定式的时态与语态(一般式、进行式、完成式)
理解不定式不同时态和语态的含义,能根据动作发生的时间和逻辑主被动关系选择正确形式。
命题趋势点,常融合在长难句理解和语法填空中,考查综合分析能力。
带 wh-疑问词的不定式
掌握wh -疑问词+不定式的结构特点,能将其与宾语从句灵活转换,理解其句法功能。
基础拓展点,语法填空、句型转换中偶考,侧重结构识别和应用。
不定式的特殊用法(固定搭配、特殊句式)
熟记接不定式的固定动词和短语、含不定式的特殊句式,能在写作和答题中准确运用。
基础必考点,贯穿各类题型,侧重固定搭配的积累和语境应用。
知识梳理·方法技巧
知识点01 动词不定式的基本形式
动词不定式的基本形式为to + 动词原形,否定形式为not to + 动词原形;不定式的时态和语态变化如下:
形式
主动
被动
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
—
完成式
to have done
to have been done
不定式的逻辑主语与动作是主动关系用主动形式,被动关系用被动形式;动作先于谓语动词发生用完成式,与谓语动词同时发生用进行式。
一般式(主动)
I want to study English hard. 我想要努力学习英语。
She plans to travel to Beijing next month. 她计划下个月去北京旅行。
一般式(被动)
The work needs to be finished before Friday. 这份工作需要在周五前被完成。
This book is to be read by all the students. 所有学生都要读这本书。
进行式
He seems to be working in the office now. 他现在似乎正在办公室工作。
They pretended to be talking about something important. 他们假装在谈论重要的事情。
完成式(主动)
I am glad to have met your parents. 我很高兴见到了你的父母。
She claims to have seen the strange animal. 她声称见过那种奇怪的动物。
完成式(被动)
The bridge is said to have been built ten years ago. 据说这座桥是十年前建成的。
The letter is known to have been received by him. 大家都知道他已经收到了那封信。
否定形式
Tell him not to be late for the meeting. 告诉他开会不要迟到。
We decided not to go hiking this weekend. 我们决定这个周末不去徒步旅行。
知识点02动词不定式的句法功能(一):作主语、宾语、表语
作主语:
To learn English well is important.学好英语很重要。
常用it 作形式主语,将真正主语后置。It is important to learn English well.
作宾语:接不定式作宾语的常见动词:want, hope, wish, decide, plan, learn, agree, refuse 等。
She wants to go abroad. 她想要出国。
作表语:位于系动词(be, seem, appear, become 等)后。
My dream is to be a doctor.我的梦想是成为一名医生。
知识点03动词不定式的句法功能(二):作定语、状语、宾补
作定语:置于被修饰名词 或代词后,表将来或动宾关系。
I have a lot of homework to do tonight. 我今晚有很多作业要做。
表逻辑主谓关系时需加介词:a pen to write with
作状语:可表目的、原因、结果,表目的可加 in order/so as(so as to 不可置于句首)。表结果常用only to do(出乎意料的结果)。
To catch the early bus, he got up at six o'clock. 为了赶上早班车,他六点钟就起床了。
I am sorry to hear the bad news. 听到这个坏消息我很难过。
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。
作宾补:接不定式作宾补的常见动词:ask, tell, want, teach, allow, force, expect 等,结构为动词 + 宾语 + to do;使役动词(make, let, have)和感官动词(see, hear, watch)后接宾补时省略 to,被动语态中需补回 to。
The teacher told us to finish our homework on time. 老师告诉我们要按时完成作业。
My parents want me to be a teacher in the future. 我父母希望我将来成为一名老师。
知识点04动词不定式的省略与补全
省略 to:使役 / 感官动词后作宾补、情态动词(except have to/ought to)后、并列不定式中第二个 to 可省(若有对比则保留)。
I watched them play basketball on the playground. 我看他们在操场上打篮球。
Have him come to my office at once. 让他马上到我的办公室来。
仅保留 to:在 hope, wish, want, would like/love, prefer, mean, try 等动词后,为避免重复,省略不定式后的动词原形,若省略的是 be或have,to 不可省。
He said he would come, but he didn’t. 他说他会来,但是他没来。
I haven't been to Paris, but I hope to be. 我还没去过巴黎,但我希望能去。
固定搭配中省略 to:had better (not) do, would rather do...than do..., prefer to do...rather than do... 等。
I would rather stay at home than go out. 我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。
She prefers to read books rather than watch TV. 她宁愿看书也不愿看电视。
知识点05wh-疑问词的动词不定式
wh-疑问词 (what, which, how, when, where)+不定式,可在句中作主语、宾语、表语,相当于一个宾语从句。如:I don't know how to solve the problem. = I don't know how I can solve the problem.(我不知道如何解决这个问题)。
I don’t know how to solve this problem. 我不知道如何解决这个问题。
How to learn English well is a big problem for me. 如何学好英语对我来说是个大问题。
The question is how to get to the airport quickly. 问题是如何快速到达机场。
He showed me where to put the books. 他告诉我把书放在哪里。
知识点06动词不定式的特殊用法
固定搭配:It takes sb some time to do sth(某人花时间做某事);be + adj. + to do(如:easy to learn, hard to finish);be willing/ready to do(愿意、准备做某事)。
It will take them three days to finish the work. 他们完成这项工作需要三天时间。
The box is heavy to carry. 这个箱子搬起来很重。
特殊句式:too...to...(太……而不能……);enough...to do...(足够……去做……);so + adj.adv. + as to do(如此……以至于……)。
She is too busy to talk with you now. 她现在太忙了,没时间和你说话。
The room is big enough to hold fifty people. 这个房间足够大,能容纳五十个人。
It is so cold as to freeze the lake. 天气太冷了,湖面都结冰了。
典例引领·即时检测
典例01
(2025·高一下学期·南京期中)______ (master) a foreign language requires a lot of time and effort.
即时检测
1. ______ (keep) healthy is very important for every student.
2. It is necessary for us ______ (obey) the school rules.
易|错|点|拨
1. 不定式直接作主语时,不可省略to,切勿直接用动词原形开头。
2. It is + adj. + of sb + to do sth 中 adj. 修饰人的品性(kind, nice, foolish),It is + adj. + for sb + to do sth 中 adj. 修饰事情(important, necessary, easy),切勿混淆 of 和 for。
3. 形式主语 it 不可替换为 that/this,也不可省略。
解|题|技|巧
1. 若句首需要填动词作主语,优先考虑不定式 to do(表具体动作)或动名词(表抽象动作),根据语境判断。
2. 看到It is + adj. + (for/of) sb + 空格的结构,直接填不定式 to do,先判断用 for 还是 of,再补全不定式。
3. 验证:将不定式移至句首,句子语法完整、语义通顺,即为正确形式。
典例02
(2025·高一下学期·苏州期中)We saw the little boy ______ (run) across the street when the car came.
即时检测
1. The teacher told us ______ (not be) late for class again.
2. The little girl was heard ______ (sing) a song in the next room just now.
易|错|点|拨
1. 使役动词(make/let/have)和感官动词(see/hear/watch/notice/feel)后接宾补,主动语态省略 to,被动语态必须补回 to,切勿在被动中仍省略 to。
2. 感官动词后接现在分词表动作正在进行,接省略to的不定式表动作全过程,切勿混淆二者用法。
3. tell/ask/allow 等动词后接宾补必须带to,切勿省略,否定形式均为not to do。
解|题|技|巧
1. 先判断动词类型:是使役或感官动词,还是普通及物动词(tell/ask/want 等)。
2. 再判断语态:主动语态中,使役 / 感官动词后宾补省 to,普通动词后带 to;被动语态中,所有此类结构均补回 to。
3. 最后判断动作状态:感官动词后,表进行用现在分词,表全过程用省 to 的不定式。
典例03
(2025·高一下学期·无锡期中)— Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?
— I'd love to, but I have a lot of homework ______ (do).
即时检测
1. I didn't go to the party, but I wish I ______ (go).
2.He said he would come to see us, but he didn't ______ (come).
易|错|点|拨
1. would like/love/prefer 后接不定式,省略时仅保留 to,切勿加动词原形。
2. 若省略的不定式动词为be/have,to必须保留。
3. 并列不定式中,若有对比含义,第二个 to 不可省。
解|题|技|巧
1. 看到 hope/wish/would like/love/prefer 等动词后接逗号表转折,先判断是否为不定式省略,无后续动词则仅保留 to。
2. 判断省略的动词是否为 be/have,若是则必须保留 to,若非则直接省略动词原形,仅保留 to(情态动词 / 助动词后直接省 to 接动词原形)。
3. 验证:将省略的成分补回,句子语法完整、语义通顺,即为正确的省略形式。
典例04
(2025·高一下学期·常州期中)He seems ______ (know) the result of the exam already.
即时检测
1. The book is said ______ (translate) into many languages so far.
2.When I called him, he pretended ______ (read) a book.
易|错|点|拨
1. 不定式的一般式 to do表动作与谓语动词同时发生或后于谓语动词发生,切勿在动作先于谓语时用一般式。
2.完成式to have done/to have been done的关键词:already, yet, so far, by then等,看到此类时间状语需用完成式。
3.不定式无被动进行式,切勿出现to be being done的形式。
解|题|技|巧
1.先判断不定式动作与谓语动词的时间先后:先于谓语用完成式,同时发生用进行式,后于或同时用一般式。
2. 再判断逻辑主语与不定式动作的主被动关系:主动用主动形式,被动用被动形式。
3. 结合标志词:already/so far/by then 表“已完成”,用完成式;when/while引导的时间状语表 “正在进行”,用进行式。
考场练兵·分层实战
基础通关练(测试时间:10分钟)
1. (2025高一下学期·扬州·期中)中The project (complete) by next month will use advanced AI technology.
2.(2025高一下学期·常州·期中)The necklace was nowhere (see), and she was as anxious as an ant on a hot pan.
3.(2025高一下学期·扬州·期中)I was staying in Atlanta, which was one of the cities (hit).
4.(2025高一下学期·盐城·期中)With so many problems (discuss), we decided to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
5.(2025高一下学期·无锡·期中)They arrived at the airport, only (find) the flight had been canceled due to the snowstorm.
6.(2025高一下学期·扬州·期中)Many reporters hurried to the airport, only (find) that superstars had left.
7.(2025高一下学期·扬州·期中)The question (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is very important.
8.(2024高一下学期·扬州·期中)I was about (set) out when it began to rain heavily.
9.(2024高一下学期·扬州·期中)Road safety is taught to young children (avoid) road accident.
10.(2024高一下学期·盐城期中)Tu Youyou’s education was soon (prove) very useful.
重难突破练(测试时间:20分钟)
1. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ________________ (结果发现它不合适).
2. It was the first time I had lived away from my home, so ________________ (我发现很难适应).
3.________ scold your son before you know the fact.
在没弄清事实之前就责备儿子,那就是你的过错了。
4. We still have a lot of difficult situations _______________ (对付,处理).
5. He is pleasant _______________ (和他一起工作).
6. I woke up _______________ (结果发现正在下雨).
7. He spoke slowly _______________ (让我们理解他) better.
8._______________ (为寻找那个失踪的孩子), the police sent out dozens of policemen.
9. He did everything he could_______________ (帮助他们).
10.________________ to glare at others (怒视他人是不礼貌的行为).
综合拓展练(测试时间:10分钟)
1.(2025·全国一卷)We hope (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.
2. (2025·浙江I月卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
3.(2025·八省联考卷)The goal was two-fold: (celebrate) cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six tongues.
4.(2025·全国二卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
5.(2024·全国一卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular,
tend (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
6.(2024·新课标I卷)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
7.(2024·九省联考卷)He knows that computers are here (stay) and that they will not disappear.
8.(2024·浙江1月卷)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
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专题02 动词不定式(期中复习讲义)
内 容 导 航
考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向,锚定备考重心
知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络,扫除知识盲区
知识点01 知识点02 知识点03
知识点04 知识点05 知识点06
典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题,强化解题能力
考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练,验收复习成效
考情透视·目标导航
核心考点
复习目标
考情规律
不定式的基本形式与句法功能(作主语、宾语、表语)
掌握动词不定式的基本构成,能准确判断其在句中作主语、宾语、表语的用法,识别形式主语 it 的替代结构。
基础必考点,常结合语法填空、单句改错考查,侧重基本形式和基础功能应用。
不定式的句法功能(作定语、状语、宾语补足语)
熟练掌握不定式作定语、状语、宾补的规则,能根据语境判断不定式的逻辑关系和时态。
高频重难点,易因忽略逻辑主谓 / 动宾关系、时态呼应导致错误。
不定式的省略与补全
掌握不定式省略to、仅保留to的规则,能在语境中正确补全或省略不定式成分。
高频易错点,语法填空、书面表达中均有考查,侧重语境中的灵活运用。
不定式的时态与语态(一般式、进行式、完成式)
理解不定式不同时态和语态的含义,能根据动作发生的时间和逻辑主被动关系选择正确形式。
命题趋势点,常融合在长难句理解和语法填空中,考查综合分析能力。
带 wh-疑问词的不定式
掌握wh -疑问词+不定式的结构特点,能将其与宾语从句灵活转换,理解其句法功能。
基础拓展点,语法填空、句型转换中偶考,侧重结构识别和应用。
不定式的特殊用法(固定搭配、特殊句式)
熟记接不定式的固定动词和短语、含不定式的特殊句式,能在写作和答题中准确运用。
基础必考点,贯穿各类题型,侧重固定搭配的积累和语境应用。
知识梳理·方法技巧
知识点01 动词不定式的基本形式
动词不定式的基本形式为to + 动词原形,否定形式为not to + 动词原形;不定式的时态和语态变化如下:
形式
主动
被动
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
—
完成式
to have done
to have been done
不定式的逻辑主语与动作是主动关系用主动形式,被动关系用被动形式;动作先于谓语动词发生用完成式,与谓语动词同时发生用进行式。
一般式(主动)
I want to study English hard. 我想要努力学习英语。
She plans to travel to Beijing next month. 她计划下个月去北京旅行。
一般式(被动)
The work needs to be finished before Friday. 这份工作需要在周五前被完成。
This book is to be read by all the students. 所有学生都要读这本书。
进行式
He seems to be working in the office now. 他现在似乎正在办公室工作。
They pretended to be talking about something important. 他们假装在谈论重要的事情。
完成式(主动)
I am glad to have met your parents. 我很高兴见到了你的父母。
She claims to have seen the strange animal. 她声称见过那种奇怪的动物。
完成式(被动)
The bridge is said to have been built ten years ago. 据说这座桥是十年前建成的。
The letter is known to have been received by him. 大家都知道他已经收到了那封信。
否定形式
Tell him not to be late for the meeting. 告诉他开会不要迟到。
We decided not to go hiking this weekend. 我们决定这个周末不去徒步旅行。
知识点02动词不定式的句法功能(一):作主语、宾语、表语
作主语:
To learn English well is important.学好英语很重要。
常用it 作形式主语,将真正主语后置。It is important to learn English well.
作宾语:接不定式作宾语的常见动词:want, hope, wish, decide, plan, learn, agree, refuse 等。
She wants to go abroad. 她想要出国。
作表语:位于系动词(be, seem, appear, become 等)后。
My dream is to be a doctor.我的梦想是成为一名医生。
知识点03动词不定式的句法功能(二):作定语、状语、宾补
作定语:置于被修饰名词 或代词后,表将来或动宾关系。
I have a lot of homework to do tonight. 我今晚有很多作业要做。
表逻辑主谓关系时需加介词:a pen to write with
作状语:可表目的、原因、结果,表目的可加 in order/so as(so as to 不可置于句首)。表结果常用only to do(出乎意料的结果)。
To catch the early bus, he got up at six o'clock. 为了赶上早班车,他六点钟就起床了。
I am sorry to hear the bad news. 听到这个坏消息我很难过。
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。
作宾补:接不定式作宾补的常见动词:ask, tell, want, teach, allow, force, expect 等,结构为动词 + 宾语 + to do;使役动词(make, let, have)和感官动词(see, hear, watch)后接宾补时省略 to,被动语态中需补回 to。
The teacher told us to finish our homework on time. 老师告诉我们要按时完成作业。
My parents want me to be a teacher in the future. 我父母希望我将来成为一名老师。
知识点04动词不定式的省略与补全
省略 to:使役 / 感官动词后作宾补、情态动词(except have to/ought to)后、并列不定式中第二个 to 可省(若有对比则保留)。
I watched them play basketball on the playground. 我看他们在操场上打篮球。
Have him come to my office at once. 让他马上到我的办公室来。
仅保留 to:在 hope, wish, want, would like/love, prefer, mean, try 等动词后,为避免重复,省略不定式后的动词原形,若省略的是 be或have,to 不可省。
He said he would come, but he didn’t. 他说他会来,但是他没来。
I haven't been to Paris, but I hope to be. 我还没去过巴黎,但我希望能去。
固定搭配中省略 to:had better (not) do, would rather do...than do..., prefer to do...rather than do... 等。
I would rather stay at home than go out. 我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。
She prefers to read books rather than watch TV. 她宁愿看书也不愿看电视。
知识点05wh-疑问词的动词不定式
wh-疑问词 (what, which, how, when, where)+不定式,可在句中作主语、宾语、表语,相当于一个宾语从句。如:I don't know how to solve the problem. = I don't know how I can solve the problem.(我不知道如何解决这个问题)。
I don’t know how to solve this problem. 我不知道如何解决这个问题。
How to learn English well is a big problem for me. 如何学好英语对我来说是个大问题。
The question is how to get to the airport quickly. 问题是如何快速到达机场。
He showed me where to put the books. 他告诉我把书放在哪里。
知识点06动词不定式的特殊用法
固定搭配:It takes sb some time to do sth(某人花时间做某事);be + adj. + to do(如:easy to learn, hard to finish);be willing/ready to do(愿意、准备做某事)。
It will take them three days to finish the work. 他们完成这项工作需要三天时间。
The box is heavy to carry. 这个箱子搬起来很重。
特殊句式:too...to...(太……而不能……);enough...to do...(足够……去做……);so + adj.adv. + as to do(如此……以至于……)。
She is too busy to talk with you now. 她现在太忙了,没时间和你说话。
The room is big enough to hold fifty people. 这个房间足够大,能容纳五十个人。
It is so cold as to freeze the lake. 天气太冷了,湖面都结冰了。
典例引领·即时检测
典例01
(2025·高一下学期·南京期中)______ (master) a foreign language requires a lot of time and effort.
【答案】To master
【解析】考查不定式作主语。句意:掌握一门外语需要大量的时间和精力。不定式直接作主语,表具体的动作,位于句首时用 to do 形式,注意首字母大写。本句也可转换为形式主语结构:It requires a lot of time and effort to master a foreign language.
即时检测
1. ______ (keep) healthy is very important for every student.
【答案】To keep
【解析】考查不定式作主语。句意:保持健康对每个学生来说都非常重要。不定式作句首主语,表具体的行为,用 to do 形式。
2. It is necessary for us ______ (obey) the school rules.
【答案】to obey
【解析】考查形式主语 it。句意:对我们来说,遵守校规是必要的。固定结构 It is + adj. + for sb + to do sth,it 为形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式 to obey。
易|错|点|拨
1. 不定式直接作主语时,不可省略to,切勿直接用动词原形开头。
2. It is + adj. + of sb + to do sth 中 adj. 修饰人的品性(kind, nice, foolish),It is + adj. + for sb + to do sth 中 adj. 修饰事情(important, necessary, easy),切勿混淆 of 和 for。
3. 形式主语 it 不可替换为 that/this,也不可省略。
解|题|技|巧
1. 若句首需要填动词作主语,优先考虑不定式 to do(表具体动作)或动名词(表抽象动作),根据语境判断。
2. 看到It is + adj. + (for/of) sb + 空格的结构,直接填不定式 to do,先判断用 for 还是 of,再补全不定式。
3. 验证:将不定式移至句首,句子语法完整、语义通顺,即为正确形式。
典例02
(2025·高一下学期·苏州期中)We saw the little boy ______ (run) across the street when the car came.
【答案】run
【解析】考查不定式作宾补省略 to。句意:汽车开来的时候,我们看见那个小男孩跑过了马路。感官动词 see 后接宾补,表整个动作的全过程用省略 to 的不定式 run;若表动作正在进行则用现在分词 running。
即时检测
1. The teacher told us ______ (not be) late for class again.
【答案】not to be
【解析】考查不定式作宾补。句意:老师告诉我们上课不要再迟到了。固定结构 tell sb (not) to do sth,接带 to 的不定式作宾补,否定形式在 to 前加 not。
2. The little girl was heard ______ (sing) a song in the next room just now.
【答案】to sing
【解析】考查被动语态中补回 to。句意:刚才有人听见那个小女孩在隔壁房间唱歌。感官动词 hear 的被动语态中,原本省略的 to 需要补回,故填 to sing。
易|错|点|拨
1. 使役动词(make/let/have)和感官动词(see/hear/watch/notice/feel)后接宾补,主动语态省略 to,被动语态必须补回 to,切勿在被动中仍省略 to。
2. 感官动词后接现在分词表动作正在进行,接省略to的不定式表动作全过程,切勿混淆二者用法。
3. tell/ask/allow 等动词后接宾补必须带to,切勿省略,否定形式均为not to do。
解|题|技|巧
1. 先判断动词类型:是使役或感官动词,还是普通及物动词(tell/ask/want 等)。
2. 再判断语态:主动语态中,使役 / 感官动词后宾补省 to,普通动词后带 to;被动语态中,所有此类结构均补回 to。
3. 最后判断动作状态:感官动词后,表进行用现在分词,表全过程用省 to 的不定式。
典例03
(2025·高一下学期·无锡期中)— Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?
— I'd love to, but I have a lot of homework ______ (do).
【答案】to do
【解析】考查不定式的省略与定语用法。句意:—— 今晚你愿意和我一起去看电影吗?—— 我想去,但是我有很多作业要做。第一句中 I'd love to 后省略了 go to the cinema with you tonight,仅保留 to;第二句中 to do 作定语修饰 homework,表动宾关系。
即时检测
1. I didn't go to the party, but I wish I ______ (go).
【答案】had gone
【拓展】考查不定式完成式的省略,wish 后接不定式完成式表未实现的愿望,完整形式为 wish to have gone,此处省略 to have,仅保留 gone(特殊省略形式)。
2.He said he would come to see us, but he didn't ______ (come).
【答案】come
【解析】考查不定式的省略。句意:他说他会来看我们,但他没来。didn't 后省略 to,直接接动词原形 come;若前半句为 would like to come,后半句则为 but he didn't to(仅保留 to)。
易|错|点|拨
1. would like/love/prefer 后接不定式,省略时仅保留 to,切勿加动词原形。
2. 若省略的不定式动词为be/have,to必须保留。
3. 并列不定式中,若有对比含义,第二个 to 不可省。
解|题|技|巧
1. 看到 hope/wish/would like/love/prefer 等动词后接逗号表转折,先判断是否为不定式省略,无后续动词则仅保留 to。
2. 判断省略的动词是否为 be/have,若是则必须保留 to,若非则直接省略动词原形,仅保留 to(情态动词 / 助动词后直接省 to 接动词原形)。
3. 验证:将省略的成分补回,句子语法完整、语义通顺,即为正确的省略形式。
典例04
(2025·高一下学期·常州期中)He seems ______ (know) the result of the exam already.
【答案】to have known
【解析】考查不定式的完成式。句意:他似乎已经知道了考试结果。不定式的动作know发生在谓语动词seems之前,且逻辑主语 he 与 know 是主动关系,故用不定式的完成式 to have known。
即时检测
1. The book is said ______ (translate) into many languages so far.
【答案】to have been translated
【解析】考查不定式的完成被动式。句意:据说这本书到目前为止已经被翻译成多种语言。be said 后接 to do,translate 的动作发生在is said之前,且 book与translate 是被动关系,故用 to have been translated。
2.When I called him, he pretended ______ (read) a book.
【答案】to be reading
【解析】考查不定式的进行式。句意:我给他打电话的时候,他假装正在看书。pretend 后接 to do,read 的动作与谓语动词 pretend同时发生,且逻辑主语 he 与 read 是主动关系,故用 to be reading。
易|错|点|拨
1. 不定式的一般式 to do表动作与谓语动词同时发生或后于谓语动词发生,切勿在动作先于谓语时用一般式。
2.完成式to have done/to have been done的关键词:already, yet, so far, by then等,看到此类时间状语需用完成式。
3.不定式无被动进行式,切勿出现to be being done的形式。
解|题|技|巧
1.先判断不定式动作与谓语动词的时间先后:先于谓语用完成式,同时发生用进行式,后于或同时用一般式。
2. 再判断逻辑主语与不定式动作的主被动关系:主动用主动形式,被动用被动形式。
3. 结合标志词:already/so far/by then 表“已完成”,用完成式;when/while引导的时间状语表 “正在进行”,用进行式。
考场练兵·分层实战
基础通关练(测试时间:10分钟)
1. (2025高一下学期·扬州·期中)中The project (complete) by next month will use advanced AI technology.
【答案】to be completed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:将于下个月完成的项目将使用先进的人工智能技术。根据“by next month”可知是描述将来的事情,应用动词不定式作定语,且complete和project之间是被动关系,故用不定式的被动语态,故填to be completed。
2.(2025高一下学期·常州·期中)The necklace was nowhere (see), and she was as anxious as an ant on a hot pan.
【答案】to be seen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:项链哪里都看不见,她像热锅上的蚂蚁一样焦急。be nowhere to do是固定结构,意为 “无处……”,necklace和see是被动关系,应用不定式的被动形式 to be seen。故填 to be seen。
3.(2025高一下学期·扬州·期中)I was staying in Atlanta, which was one of the cities (hit).
【答案】to be hit
【解析】考查不定式作后置定语。句意:我当时住在亚特兰大,那是被袭击的城市之一。所填动词作之前名词“the cities”的后置定语,而名词“the cities”在句中作表语,应是用不定式形式作后置定语,且“hit”与其之间为被动关系,应是to be done。故填to be hit。
4.(2025高一下学期·盐城·期中)With so many problems (discuss), we decided to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
【答案】to discuss
【解析】考查不定式。句意:有这么多问题要讨论,我们决定尽快再开一次会。空格处是with复合结构,由“we decided to hold another meeting as soon as possible”可知,空格处用不定式表将来,此处是不定式的主动表被动,故填to discuss。
5.(2025高一下学期·无锡·期中)They arrived at the airport, only (find) the flight had been canceled due to the snowstorm.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他们到达机场,却发现由于暴风雪,航班被取消了。“only +不定式”作结果状语,表示意想不到的结果,且They与find构成主动关系,应用find“发现”的不定式。故填to find。
6.(2025高一下学期·扬州·期中)Many reporters hurried to the airport, only (find) that superstars had left.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:许多记者赶到机场,却发现明星们已经离开了。此处是“only+动词不定式”作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果,故填to find。
7.(2025高一下学期·扬州·期中)The question (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is very important.
【答案】to be discussed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:明天会议上将要被讨论的问题非常重要。本句谓语为is,此处为非谓语动词,The question和discuss“讨论”为逻辑上的被动关系,且根据at tomorrow’s meeting可知,这是将来要发生的动作,所以应用不定式的被动语态to be discussed,作后置定语,修饰The question。故填to be discussed。
8.(2024高一下学期·扬州·期中)I was about (set) out when it began to rain heavily.
【答案】to set
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我刚要出发,天就下起了大雨。短语be about to do sth. when表示“正要做某某事,这时……”。故填to set。
9.(2024高一下学期·扬州·期中)Road safety is taught to young children (avoid) road accident.
【答案】to avoid
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了避免交通事故,年轻的孩子们被教授道路安全知识。本句谓语为is taught,此处为非谓语动词,结合句意可知,此处表示目的,所以此处应为动词“避免”的不定式形式作目的状语。故填to avoid。
10.(2024高一下学期·盐城期中)Tu Youyou’s education was soon (prove) very useful.
【答案】to prove
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:屠呦呦的教育很快就证明是有用的。说明主语的内容,用不定式作表语。故填to prove。
重难突破练(测试时间:20分钟)
1. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ________________ (结果发现它不合适).
【答案】to find it didn’t fit
【解析】考查不定式和宾语从句。句意:她焦急地从包裹里拿出裙子试穿,结果发现它不合适。“only+不定式”常表示出乎意料的结果,“发现”为find, 后接省略that的宾语从句,宾语从句陈述过去的动作,用一般过去时;“它不合适”为it didn’t fit。故填to find it didn’t fit。
2. It was the first time I had lived away from my home, so ________________ (我发现很难适应).
【答案】I found it difficult to fit in
【解析】考查固定句型和非谓语动词。根据句意,此处表示“发现做某事是……的”需用固定句型“find it + adj. + to do sth”,“适应”译为fit in;结合前文“It was the first time…”的语境,时态为一般过去时,find的过去式为found。故填I found it difficult to fit in。
3.________ scold your son before you know the fact.
在没弄清事实之前就责备儿子,那就是你的过错了。
【答案】It’s your fault to
【解析】考查固定句型和非谓语动词。根据句意,此处表示“做某事是某人的过错”需用固定句型It’s one’s fault to do sth.其中it为形式主语,不定式短语作真正主语,句首单词首字母大写。故填It’s your fault to。
4. We still have a lot of difficult situations _______________ (对付,处理).
【答案】to deal with
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:我们仍然有很多困难的情况需要处理。根据汉语提示“对付,处理”可知,用固定短语deal with,have sth. to do表示“有某事要做”,本空用不定式,作后置定语。故填to deal with。
5. He is pleasant _______________ (和他一起工作).
【答案】to work with
【解析】考查不定式。句意:和他一起工作很愉快。sth be pleasant to do是固定句型,“和他一起工作”为work with 。故填to work with 。
6. I woke up _______________ (结果发现正在下雨).
【答案】only to find it was raining
【解析】考查时态、非谓语动词。句意:我醒来,结果发现正在下雨。根据汉语提示,空白处在句子中作状语表示出乎意料的结果,应使用“only + 动词不定式”结构,表示“发现”用find;“正在下雨”表示的是过去某个时间正在发生的动作,应使用过去进行时,表达为it was raining,故填 only to find it was raining。
7. He spoke slowly _______________ (让我们理解他) better.
【答案】for us to understand him
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他说得很慢,为了让我们更好地理解他。根据“He spoke slowly(他说得很慢)”可知,空白处作状语表示目的,使用动词不定式短语,表示“让我们理解他”应填入动词不定式的复合结构 for us to understand him,故填 for us to understand him。
8._______________ (为寻找那个失踪的孩子), the police sent out dozens of policemen.
【答案】To search for the lost child
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意:为寻找那个失踪的孩子,警方派出了几十名警察。动词不定式作目的状语,“寻找”为search for;“那个失踪的孩子”为the lost child,作宾语。首字母大写。故填To search for the lost child。
9. He did everything he could_______________ (帮助他们).
【答案】to help them
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他尽一切可能帮助他们。“帮助”使用动词help,“他们”使用宾格形式them,作宾语,结合语境可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to help them。
10.________________ to glare at others (怒视他人是不礼貌的行为).
【答案】It’s not good manners
【解析】考查固定句型。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“是不礼貌的行为”;句子陈述事实,时态为一般现在时,译为“It’s not good manners”,其中It为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式“to glare at others”,is为系动词,not表示否定,good manners意为“礼貌的行为/举止”,在句中作表语。故填It’s not good manners。
综合拓展练(测试时间:10分钟)
1.(2025·全国一卷)We hope (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.
【答案】to present
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能,并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope,此处为非谓语动词,hope to do sth.“希望做某事”,所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式,作宾语。故填to present。
2. (2025·浙江I月卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
【答案】to rent
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:坦尼娅的店铺提供女士时尚服装租赁服务,而非直接出售,为一次性活动着装提供了更经济实惠的解决方案。分析句子结构可知,空白处作定语,应用动词不定式。
3.(2025·八省联考卷)The goal was two-fold: (celebrate) cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six tongues.
【答案】to celebrate
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:目的是双重的:庆祝文化多样性,并促进所有六种语言的平等使用。本句谓语为was,此处为非谓语动词,应用celebrate“庆祝”的不定式,作目的状语,与to promote并列。故填to celebrate。
4.(2025·全国二卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
【答案】to discover
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在我的成长过程中,我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物,这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used,此处应用非谓语动词, chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式,作定语。故填to discover。
5.(2024·全国一卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular,
tend (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
【答案】to catch
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管村子有各种规模和类型的公园,但特别是国家公园,由于其规模大、种类多,往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配:tend to do sth.表示“倾向于做某事”,不定式作宾语,故填to catch。
6.(2024·新课标I卷)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
【答案】 to give
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:温室在温暖的日子里开放,利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“使用某物去做某事”,所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。
7.(2024·九省联考卷)He knows that computers are here (stay) and that they will not disappear.
【答案】to stay
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他知道电脑会一直存在,不会消失。be here to stay是一个固定短语,表示“固定下来; 普遍认可; 成为风尚”。故填to stay。
8.(2024·浙江1月卷)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
【答案】to benefit
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:然而,如果你是想买一件,那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知,此处是指多买一件来享受降价,所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
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