(复习部分)专题08 非谓语动词-【暑假自学课】2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

专题08 非谓语动词(初高中衔接) 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 ( 考点一 动词不定式 ) (一)时态和语态的变化 语态式 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 主 动 to do to have done to be doing to have been doing 被 动 to be done to have been done (1)作主语：To do the exercise is good. = It is good to do the exercise(动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末。) (2)作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 温馨提示： 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别。 Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children. 主语 谓语 表语 我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。(plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。) We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children. 主语 谓语 宾语 我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。(we是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的)。 (3)作宾语： ①作及物动词的宾语。 She wishes to be a musician. ②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等， I am determined to give up smoking. 温馨提示：动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on how to solve the problem? (4)作宾语补足语(如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去) Tell the children not to play the game. I saw a little girl enter into the house. I don’t think it right to do it that way. 温馨提示：动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置。 (5)作定语： Is this the best way to help him?(动词不定式位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后) He is the man to depend on.(动词是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词) The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.(名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去) (6)作状语： ①目的状语 Every morning he gets up very early to read English. She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English.=In order to improve her English she reads China Daily every day. To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语： They lived to see the liberation of their home town. You are old enough to take care of yourself now.( too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果) 1. There will be many tasks for them ________(complete) next month. 【答案】to complete 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：下个月他们将有许多任务要完成。空处修饰tasks，表示将要做的事情，complete与tasks构成动宾关系，此处用不定式作后置定语。故填to complete。 2. She ran all the way up to the station, only ________(find) that the train had left fifteen minutes before. 【答案】to find ( 考点 二 动名词 )【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她一路跑到车站，却发现火车早在十五分钟前就开走了。此处是固定搭配：only to do意为“不料(却)……；结果(却)……”，不定式作结果状语。故填to find。 动名词由动词原形家词尾-ing构成 1)直接位于句首做主语。 (动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数) Reading is an art. Climbing mountains is really fun. Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 2)用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语的常用句型：It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure… + v.ing 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词后面不用动名词(常用不定式)。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. It was hard getting on the crowded street car. It is fun playing with children. 3)“There be”结构。(在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语) There is no saying when he'll come. There is no joking about such matters. There is no holding back the wheel of history. 注意：动名词用于布告形式的省略结构中。 如：No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 禁止吸烟。 No parking. 禁止停车。 4)动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如： Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 2、作宾语 (1)作动词的宾语 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stand, put off, give up等。 Would you mind opening the window? She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 温馨提示： 在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词(短语)做宾语：find/think/consider… + it(形式宾语) + no use/no good/useless… + v.ing(真正宾语)。 形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。 I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. Do you consider it any good trying again? The music is well worth listening to more than once. (2)作介词的宾语 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? (to 介词) Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time.(to 介词) 温馨提示： 在下面的结构中，介词in常可省略： (1)S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +v.ing (2)S + speng time/money + (in) +V.ing (3)S + be busy + (in) +V.ing (4)S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing (立即… …) We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet. Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English? 3、作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows.(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 4、作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途 a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping 一般过去时的被动语态 (主语+was /were +done) The building was built ten years ago.(肯定) →The building wasn’t built ten years ago.(否定句，在was, were 后加not) →Was the building built ten years ago? (一般疑问句，把was, were 提句首) 1. Because my bike needs ________(repair), I have to walk to school these days. 【答案】repairing/to be repaired 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为我的自行车需要修理，这些天我不得不走路去上学。need doing相当于need to be done，意为“某事需要被做”，故填repairing/to be repaired。 2. She is keen on ________(learn) how to play the piano, so she practices every day. 【答案】learning ( 考点 三 现在分词 )【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她热衷于学习弹钢琴，所以她每天都练习。空前on是介词，空处动词需用动名词形式learning作宾语。故填learning。 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。否定式为“not +动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 1. 作定语 一般说来，单个的现在分词一般可以前置作定语，修饰名词；如果现在分词构成分词短语则后置作定语。 Keep quiet. Don't wake up the sleeping children. We live in a room facing the south. 2. 作表语 现在分词作表语时总是放在系动词的后面，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态。 The story sounds interesting. 这故事听起来很有趣。 The promising future is more encouraging than ever before. It is annoying that the meeting should be put off. 3. 作宾语补足语 通常用在感官动词或使役动词的宾语后面，表示主动或动作正在进行。 Some people leave the water running after washing hands. When I found him cheating, I decided not to accept his flatteries and apologies any more. 4. 作状语 现在分词作状语，相当于一个表示原因、时间、方式、条件、结果等情况的状语从句。根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。 1)表示时间，相当于状语从句when, while。 He went through the papers while listening to music. Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. 2)表示条件，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 Being given once more time, I will finish the task! Preparing fully, we are sure to pass the test. 3)表示原因，相当于原因状语从句because, since, for, as, etc. Not understanding the relationship between the two cases, I asked the lawyer about it. Being ill, she can't go to work today. 4)表示让步，相当于though, although或no matter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. Although working hard every day, we still have endless work to deal with. 5)表示结果，相当于结果状语从句。 His parents' letter has just come, relieving him from anxiety. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, causing the delay. 6)表示方式或伴随状语。 They lay on the grass, looking at the sky. The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 1. The memory of the past time came ________(crowd) into my mind when I saw the picture. 【答案】crowding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我看到这幅画时，过去的记忆涌上心头。主句中已有谓语动词came，空处应用非谓语动词，crowd和逻辑主语memory之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填crowding。 2. The problem ________(discuss) now is extremely crucial. 【答案】being discussed ( 考点 四 过去分词 )【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在正在讨论的问题是极其关键的。句子的谓语为is，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰主语“The problem”，discuss和problem之间是被动关系，结合now可知此处表示正在发生的事情，使用现在分词的被动语态being discussed作后置定语，故填being discussed。 过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。 1.作定语： the fallen leaves 落叶 (单个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前) The meeting held last night is very important.(分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语) 2.作表语： The glass is broken.(broken表示the glass所处的状态) The glass was broken by my little brother.(被动语态) 拓展延伸：作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。 3.作宾语补足语 When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.(find的宾语补足语) I had my bike repaired yesterday.(have的宾语补足语) 4.作状语 Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.(时间状语) Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.(条件状语) 1. I wish all our ________(donate) money and our love will fly to the disaster area very soon. 【答案】donated 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我希望我们所有的捐款和爱心都能尽快飞到灾区。设空处修饰名词money作定语，和名词之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填donated。 2. She found the kitten ________(frighten) by the fireworks, hiding under the sofa. 【答案】frightened 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她发现小猫被烟花吓坏了，躲在沙发底下。此处是“find+宾语+宾补”结构，frighten和kitten之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故填frightened。 3. ________(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 【答案】Lost 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为陷入沉思，他几乎要撞上了他前面的汽车。动词lose和句子主语he是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作状语。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Lost。 1. All things ________(consider), it could be a while before we embrace a highly-developed health care system. 【答案】considered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从全面考虑，我们还需要一段时间才能拥有高度发达的医疗保健系统。分析句子结构可知，此处用逗号与主句分开，与主句之间没有使用任何连接词，且有独立主语，为独立主格结构，且All things与consider之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故应用过去分词。故填considered。 2. The party will be held in the garden as scheduled, weather ________(permit). 【答案】permitting 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许，晚会将如期在花园里举行。分析句子可知，此处为独立主格结构，所以此处动词应为非谓语形式，weather和动词permit为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填permitting。 3.(24-25高一下·黑龙江大庆·开学考试)According to data released by the NHC, by the end of 2021 China had the largest number of dogs in the world, with over 12 million people ________(bite) each year. 【答案】bitten 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：根据国家卫生健康委发布的数据，到2021年底，中国拥有世界上最多的狗，每年有超过1200万人被咬伤。设空处构成with的复合结构，with的宾语“over 12 million people”和动词bite之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故填bitten。 4. With a local guide ________(lead) us all the way, we had a great time in the beautiful mountain. 【答案】leading 【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：在当地导游的一路带领下，我们在这座美丽的山上度过了一段美好的时光。空处是with复合结构，所给词的现在分词形式作guide的补足语，由于guide是lead的动作执行者，故用现在分词。故填leading。 5.(16-17高一下·福建厦门·开学考试)With time ________(go) by, I was made smaller. 【答案】going 【详解】考查with复合结构和现在分词。句意：随着时间的流逝，我变得越来越小。“With time______(go) by”是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”复合结构，根据语境可知，time与go by是主谓关系，用现在分词表示主动关系，作宾补。故填going。 6. The determined young man struggled ________(make) ends meet, working part-time in a restaurant in his spare time. 【答案】to make 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这位坚定的年轻人努力奋斗维持生计，业余时间在餐馆做兼职。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语struggle to do sth.“努力做某事”。故填to make。 7.(24-25高一下·广东茂名·阶段练习)She found the kitten ________(frighten) by the fireworks, hiding under the sofa. 【答案】frightened 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她发现小猫被烟花吓坏了，躲在沙发底下。此处是“find+宾语+宾补”结构，frighten和kitten之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故填frightened。 8.(24-25高一上·安徽六安·开学考试)On the night of my birthday, I could hear the windows ________(beat) by the raindrops. 【答案】beaten 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我生日的那天晚上，我能听到雨滴打在窗户上的声音。句中谓语是could hear，空格处用非谓语动词，宾语the windows和beat是逻辑被动关系，结合by可知，空格处用过去分词形式作宾补，故填beaten。 9. Paul knew that ________(be) shorter than other players meant that he had to practice more. 【答案】being 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：保罗知道，比其他球员矮意味着他必须练习更多。空处作that引导的宾语从句的主语，需用动名词形式。故填being。 10. The government designed and built the green way system ________(aim) at offering convenience and benefits to people and improving the city’s ecological environment. 【答案】aimed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：政府设计并建造了绿色通道系统旨在为人们提供便利和福利，并改善城市的生态环境。句中已有谓语动词designed and built，空处应填非谓语动词形式，修饰the green way system，aim与the green way system是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词aimed作后置定语。故填aimed。 提升专练 I.单句语法填空 1.(24-25高一下·甘肃兰州·开学考试)Because my bike needs ________(repair), I have to walk to school these days. 【答案】repairing/to be repaired 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为我的自行车需要修理，这些天我不得不走路去上学。need doing相当于need to be done，意为“某事需要被做”，故填repairing/to be repaired。 2.(24-25高一下·安徽·开学考试)There will be many tasks for them ________(complete) next month. 【答案】to complete 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：下个月他们将有许多任务要完成。空处修饰tasks，表示将要做的事情，complete与tasks构成动宾关系，此处用不定式作后置定语。故填to complete。 3.(24-25高一下·安徽·开学考试)She ran all the way up to the station, only ________(find) that the train had left fifteen minutes before. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她一路跑到车站，却发现火车早在十五分钟前就开走了。此处是固定搭配：only to do意为“不料(却)……；结果(却)……”，不定式作结果状语。故填to find。 4. Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only ________(find) my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：自豪地读着我的话，我环顾了一下教室，却发现我的同学们脸上挂着灿烂的笑容，都笑出了眼泪。根据上文“Proudly reading my words”可推知，“我”还在为自己行为感到自豪，但同学们却在大笑，“my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes”是出乎意料的结果，常用“(only) + to do”作结果状语。故填to find。 5. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surface, do exercises to ________(strength) your leg muscles. 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：为了避免膝盖疼痛，你可以在柔软的地面上跑步，做一些锻炼来加强你的腿部肌肉。由句意及空前的you can run on soft surface, do exercises to及空后的your leg muscles可知应填动词原形，不定式作目的状语。故填strengthen。 6.(24-25高一下·安徽·开学考试)She is keen on ________(learn) how to play the piano, so she practices every day. 【答案】learning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她热衷于学习弹钢琴，所以她每天都练习。空前on是介词，空处动词需用动名词形式learning作宾语。故填learning。 7.(24-25高一下·广东佛山·开学考试)Paul knew that ________(be) shorter than other players meant that he had to practice more. 【答案】being 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：保罗知道，比其他球员矮意味着他必须练习更多。空处作that引导的宾语从句的主语，需用动名词形式。故填being。 8. My mum keeps ________(tell) me to study hard for bright future. 【答案】telling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈一直告诉我为了美好的未来，要努力学习。“keep doing”意为“一直做某事”，故填telling。 9.(24-25高一下·甘肃兰州·开学考试)The memory of the past time came ________(crowd) into my mind when I saw the picture. 【答案】crowding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我看到这幅画时，过去的记忆涌上心头。主句中已有谓语动词came，空处应用非谓语动词，crowd和逻辑主语memory之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填crowding。 10.(24-25高一下·甘肃兰州·开学考试)The problem ________(discuss) now is extremely crucial. 【答案】being discussed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在正在讨论的问题是极其关键的。句子的谓语为is，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰主语“The problem”，discuss和problem之间是被动关系，结合now可知此处表示正在发生的事情，使用现在分词的被动语态being discussed作后置定语，故填being discussed。 11.(24-25高一下·广东佛山·开学考试)The government designed and built the green way system ________(aim) at offering convenience and benefits to people and improving the city’s ecological environment. 【答案】aimed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：政府设计并建造了绿色通道系统旨在为人们提供便利和福利，并改善城市的生态环境。句中已有谓语动词designed and built，空处应填非谓语动词形式，修饰the green way system，aim与the green way system是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词aimed作后置定语。故填aimed。 12. The party will be held in the garden as scheduled, weather ________(permit). 【答案】permitting 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许，晚会将如期在花园里举行。分析句子可知，此处为独立主格结构，所以此处动词应为非谓语形式，weather和动词permit为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填permitting。 13.(24-25高一下·吉林长春·开学考试)I wish all our ________(donate) money and our love will fly to the disaster area very soon. 【答案】donated 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我希望我们所有的捐款和爱心都能尽快飞到灾区。设空处修饰名词money作定语，和名词之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填donated。 14.(24-25高一下·广东茂名·阶段练习)She found the kitten ________(frighten) by the fireworks, hiding under the sofa. 【答案】frightened 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她发现小猫被烟花吓坏了，躲在沙发底下。此处是“find+宾语+宾补”结构，frighten和kitten之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故填frightened。 15. ________(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 【答案】Lost 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为陷入沉思，他几乎要撞上了他前面的汽车。动词lose和句子主语he是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作状语。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Lost。 16. He spoke slowly to make himself ________(understand). 【答案】understood 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他慢慢地说，以使人理解他自己。动词make后接复合宾语，动词understand和宾语himself之间是被动关系，用其过去分词作补足语，make oneself understood是固定句式。故填understood。 17. Yesterday I found a book in the bookstore ________(intend) for bird lovers. 【答案】intended 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：昨天我在书店里发现了一本专为鸟类爱好者准备的书。find+宾语+宾补，be intended for…意为：打算为……所用、是为……而设计的，用过去分词intended作宾补，过去分词短语intended for bird lovers对宾语a book进行补充说明。故填intended。 18. Michael put up a poster of this famous scientist beside the bed to keep himself ________(remind) of his own dreams. 【答案】reminded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：迈克尔在床边贴了一张这位著名科学家的海报，让自己想起自己的梦想。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语。该动词和宾语之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故填reminded。 19. ________(surround) by a great many trees, the modern tall building is the newly-built stadium of our school. 【答案】Surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座现代化的高楼是我们学校新建的体育场，周围有许多树。句中有谓语，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语the modern tall building和动词surround是被动关系，应用非谓语动词作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填Surrounded。 20. I usually have fast food ________(deliver) to my office when I am busy. 【答案】delivered 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：当我忙的时候，我通常叫快餐送到我的办公室。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语have sth done“使某事被做”，满足句意要求， fast food与deliver之间为被动关系，所以此处为过去分词形式作宾补成分。故填delivered。 II.阅读理解 (24-25高一下·云南昭通·开学考试)The photographs that Scilla took as a 16-year-old girl on the streets of London in 1955 stayed largely in her album(相册) over the years. Scilla is now 86, and her self-developed black-and-white photos have been brought back to life after they were discovered by a teenage photographer. Over the past year, Philip Loveday, 16, has been revisiting his grandmother’s path across the capital to carefully rephotograph the pictures. His journey through time with a camera has been especially moving, because his grandmother, Scilla, has Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔茨海默症) and has lost many of her memories. Philip took new photos that looked like the ones Scilla took long ago, and put them in a new album. Each page of Scilla’s old album was copied and put in the new one, with Philip’s new photos on the opposite pages. Philip’s mother, Catherine Loveday, said Scilla had been happy with the new album, which had “put her back in her shoes” as a teenager. Philip said his mother showed him the album she had found at her mother’s house. Greatly absorbed in how modern London would compare to the city photographed by his grandmother, Philip and his mother began to make trips into central London. During the trips, they had the idea of retaking the photos. Some of the places are similar, like Big Ben. Others show how the city has modernized. Unlike Scilla’s view of St. Paul’s Cathedral from the Thames, Philip’s retake has the Millenium Bridge. When Scilla photographed the John Lewis store on Oxford Street, it was a one-storey building now it has seven floors. Philip had to use his imagination to recreate other sights. Scilla has repeatedly returned to her new album since receiving it. Philip said, “It’s nice for her to see someone taking an interest in those photos and going back over them, and also good for her to connect her past to where we are now.” 1. Why is Philip’s re-photographing journey so touching? A. Because he is a talented teenage photographer. B. Because he helps his Alzheimer’s-suffering grandmother recall her past. C. Because he is showing how much London has changed over the years. D. Because he is using modern technology to enhance the old photos. 2. What motivated Philip to retake the photos? A. His grandmother’s request before she got ill. B. His eagerness to show his photography skills. C. His interest in comparing modern and old London. D. His mother’s encouragement to start a new project. 3. What can we infer from the fact that Scilla repeatedly returns to her new album? A. She is disappointed with the changes in London. B. The album helps her reconnect with her past memories. C. She wants to correct the mistakes in Philip’s photos. D. She wants to find more differences between the old and new photos. 4. Which words can best describe Philip? A. Thoughtful and creative. B. Careless and disorganized. C. Ambitious but dependent. D. Uninterested and untrustworthy. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述16岁的Philip Loveday为患有阿尔茨海默氏症的祖母Scilla重新拍摄伦敦街头的照片，唤醒了她少年时的记忆。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“His journey through time with a camera has been especially moving, because his grandmother, Scilla, has Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症) and has lost many of her memories.(他带着相机穿越时空的旅程特别感人，因为他的祖母Scilla患有阿尔茨海默病，失去了许多记忆。)”和第三段中“Philip’s mother, Catherine Loveday, said Scilla had been happy with the new album, which had ‘put her back in her shoes’ as a teenager.(Philip的母亲Catherine Loveday说，Scilla对新相册很满意，这本相册‘让她回到了十几岁的时候’。)”可知，Philip的摄影之旅很打动人，是因为他帮助患有阿尔茨海默症的祖母回忆过去，故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Greatly absorbed in how modern London would compare to the city photographed by his grandmother, Philip and his mother began to make trips into central London. During the trips, they had the idea of retaking the photos.(Philip和他的母亲深深沉迷于现代伦敦与祖母拍摄的城市的对比，开始到伦敦市中心旅行。在旅途中，他们有了重新拍摄照片的想法。)”可知，Philip对比较现代和旧伦敦很感兴趣，所以决定重拍照片，故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Philip’s mother, Catherine Loveday, said Scilla had been happy with the new album, which had ‘put her back in her shoes’ as a teenager.(Philip的母亲Catherine Loveday说，Scilla对新相册很满意，这张专辑‘让她回到了十几岁的时候，’)”和最后一段中“Philip had to use his imagination to recreate other sights. Scilla has repeatedly returned to her new album since receiving it. Philip said, ‘It’s nice for her to see someone taking an interest in those photos and going back over them, and also good for her to connect her past to where we are now.’ (自从收到她的新相册后，Scilla多次回到她的新相册中。Philip说：‘对她来说，看到有人对这些照片感兴趣并回顾它们是件好事，这也有利于她将自己的过去与我们现在的处境联系起来。’)”可知，Scilla反复看她的新相册，这说明这本相册帮助她重新与过去的记忆联系起来，故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Over the past year, Philip Loveday, 16, has been revisiting his grandmother’s path across the capital to carefully rephotograph the pictures. His journey through time with a camera has been especially moving, because his grandmother, Scilla, has Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症) and has lost many of her memories.(在过去的一年里，16岁的Philip Loveday一直在首都重访祖母走过的路，仔细地重新拍摄这些照片。他带着相机穿越时空的旅程特别感人，因为他的祖母Scilla患有阿尔茨海默病，失去了许多记忆。)”和第四段中“Greatly absorbed in how modern London would compare to the city photographed by his grandmother, Philip and his mother began to make trips into central London. During the trips, they had the idea of retaking the photos.(Philip和他的母亲深深沉迷于现代伦敦与祖母拍摄的城市的对比，开始到伦敦市中心旅行。在旅途中，他们有了重新拍摄照片的想法。)”可知，Philip重访患有阿尔兹海默症的祖母走过的路，仔细地为她重新拍摄旧照，旅途中有了重新拍摄照片比较现代和旧伦敦的想法，说明他体贴且有创意，故选A。 III.完形填空 (24-25高一下·山东聊城·开学考试)When I was little, I spent much time at my grandfather’s house, watching him paint all day long.What I remember most was how he 1 painting old ships. As I grew up, we hardly 2 .I noticed he didn’t really 3 much anymore. About a year ago, he had a heart attack. In and out of the 4 for a while, he recovered but was still 5 ,moving around his house in a wheelchair. Then, I started 6 his house and we began to talk more. We discussed life and our interests. Every time I 7 , he wanted to talk a lot.I figured he was lonely and enjoyed the 8 . Wondering why he didn’t start painting again, I made it a point to casually(不经意地) 9 it when I came over, telling him often that he should paint again. It 10 ! He started sending me to buy paint and poster boards.He asked me about colors and 11 me his paintings.I loved the way he painted the 12 ships. He looked happier.Painting seemed to have brought back some 13 part of him. Cleaning for my grandpa has brought us closer.Despite his seventy-five years of age, I 14 to discourage him from painting.Days like these are 15 , and I enjoy the little moments. 1. A. missed B. started C. loved D. avoided 2. A. fought B. explored C. spoke D. traveled 3. A. paint B. laugh C. exercise D. care 4. A. office B. hospital C. ship D. city 5. A. positive B. busy C. calm D. weak 6. A. searching B. repairing C. sharing D. cleaning 7. A. set off B. came over C. looked around D. called back 8. A. company B. freedom C. challenge D. rest 9. A. drop B. answer C. request D. mention 10. A. happened B. continued C. appeared D. worked 11. A. showed B. lent C. promised D. delivered 12. A. broken B. ancient C. empty D. foreign 13. A. youthful B. smart C. fun D. secret 14. A. manage B. decide C. refuse D. fail 15. A. difficult B. ordinary C. valuable D. long 【答案】 1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. D 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与祖父之间的故事，特别是关于祖父画画的兴趣和经历。作者小时候经常看祖父画画，但长大后与祖父的交流变少。祖父生病后，作者开始帮他打扫房子，两人之间的交流增多。作者发现祖父喜欢有人陪伴，并鼓励他重新画画。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我印象最深的是他是多么热爱画古老的船只。A. missed错过；B. started开始；C. loved爱；D. avoided避免。根据上文“When I was little, I spent much time at my grandfather’s house, watching him paint all day long.”可推测，作者的祖父很热爱画古老的船只。故选C。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着我渐渐长大，我们几乎不再交流。A. fought打架；B. explored探索；C. spoke说话；D. traveled旅行。根据下文“Then, I started  ___6___  his house and we began to talk more.”可推测，着作者长大，和祖父几乎不怎么说话交流了。故选C。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我注意到他不怎么画画了。A. paint绘画；B. laugh笑；C. exercise锻炼；D. care关心、在意。根据下文“Wondering why he didn’t start painting again, I made it a point to casually(不经意地)  ___9___  it when I came over, telling him often that he should paint again.”可知，随着作者渐渐长大，作者注意到祖父不怎么画画了。故选A。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约一年前，他心脏病发作了。反复在医院治疗几次后，他康复了，但身体仍然很虚弱，只能坐着轮椅在房子里四处活动。A. office办公室；B. hospital医院；C. ship船；D. city城市。根据上文“About a year ago, he had a heart attack.”可知，祖父心脏病发作，会去医院治疗。故选B。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大约一年前，他心脏病发作了。反复在医院治疗几次后，他康复了，但身体仍然很虚弱，只能坐着轮椅在房子里四处活动。A. positive积极的；B. busy忙碌的；C. calm平静的；D. weak虚弱的。根据下文“moving around his house in a wheelchair”可知，祖父需要坐轮椅四处活动，由此可知，祖父虽然康复了但身体仍然很虚弱。故选D。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，我开始打扫他的房子，我们也开始更多地交谈。A. searching搜寻；B. repairing修理；C. sharing分享；D. cleaning清洁。根据最后一段“Cleaning for my grandpa has brought us closer.”可知，祖父身体虚弱，所以作者为他打扫房屋。故选D。 7. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：每次我去他家，他都有很多话想说。A. set off出发、动身；B. came over过来；C. looked around环顾四周；D. called back回电话。根据下文“when I came over”可知，每次作者过来，祖父都有说不完的话。故选B。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得他很孤独，喜欢有人陪伴。A. company公司、陪伴；B. freedom自由；C. challenge挑战；D. rest休息。根据上文“Every time I  ___7___ , he wanted to talk a lot.”可知，作者每次来的时候，祖父都会有很多话想说。由此可推测，作者发现祖父很孤独，喜欢有人陪他。故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很纳闷他为什么不再画画了，所以每次去他家时，我都会特意不经意地提到这件事，还经常跟他说他应该再画画。A. drop掉落；B. answer回答；C. request请求；D. mention提及。根据下文“telling him often that he should paint again”可知，作者会向祖父提到画画这件事。故选D。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个办法奏效了！A. happened发生；B. continued继续；C. appeared出现；D. worked起作用。根据下文“He started sending me to buy paint and poster boards.”可知，作者的做法起作用了，祖父又开始画画了。故选D。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会问我关于颜色的问题，还向我展示他的画作。A. showed展示；B. lent借出；C. promised承诺；D. delivered递送。根据空后的“me his paintings”可知，祖父开始画画后会向作者展示画作。故选A。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢他画那些古老船只的方式。A. broken破碎的；B. ancient古老的；C. empty空的；D. foreign外国的。根据文章第一段“What I remember most was how he  ___1___  painting old ships.”可知，祖父喜欢画古老的船只。故选B。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：画画似乎让他找回了一些年轻的活力。A. youthful年轻的；B. smart聪明的；C. fun有趣的；D. secret秘密的。根据上文“He looked happier.”以及上文提到的作者幼时祖父经常作画可推测，画画让祖父找回了年轻的活力。故选A。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他已经75岁了，但我不会去阻止他画画。A. manage管理、设法做成；B. decide决定；C. refuse拒绝；D. fail失败。根据上文内容可知，作者感受到了祖父的孤独才建议祖父画画，由此可知，作者不会阻止祖父画画。故选C。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像这样的时光是很宝贵的，我很享受这些美好的瞬间。A. difficult困难的；B. ordinary普通的；C. valuable有价值的、昂贵的；D. long长的。根据下文“I enjoy the little moments”可知，作者喜欢和祖父一起的美好瞬间。由此可知，作者认为这样的时光很宝贵。故选C。 IV.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (24-25高一下·湖南长沙·开学考试)Reading the classics is a timeless pursuit that 1 (enrich) the mind and soul. These works often explore universal themes such as love, ambition, and the struggle between good and evil, revealing the 2 (deep) of human emotion and motivation. Similarly, the ancient Greek epics, such as Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, 3 (offer) insights into the values of heroism and honor. Jane Austen’s novels are not only 4 (entertain) but also provide a keen social commentary on the society of her time. Reading their works allows us 5 (engage) with their thoughts and ideas. These authors often use language in a way that is both beautiful and profound, 6 (make) their works both enjoyable and thought-provoking. George Orwell’s 1984 is a powerful critique of totalitarianism and serves 7 a warning about the dangers of government surveillance. Reading Charles Dickens’ works can help us appreciate the power of descriptive language and detailed characterization, 8 expand our own lexicon. The classics are a form of cultural heritage and an essential part of our 9 (share) history and identity. By reading them, we connect with the past and gain a deeper appreciation for the traditions and values 10 have shaped our world. 【答案】 1. enriches 2. depths 3. offer 4. entertaining 5. to engage 6. making 7. as 8. and 9. shared 10. that/which 【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了阅读经典作品的重要性和价值。 1. 考查动词时态。句意：阅读经典是一种永恒的追求，它能丰富人的心灵与灵魂。空处作从句谓语，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语that，指代pursuit，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填enriches。 2. 考查名词。句意：这些作品常常探讨诸如爱情、野心，以及善与恶之间的斗争等普遍性主题，揭示了人类情感和动机的深层内涵。空处作宾语，需填名词depth，结合“of human emotion and motivation”可知，使用名词复数形式。故填depths。 3. 考查动词时态。句意：同样地，古希腊史诗，如荷马的《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》，让我们深入了解了英雄主义和荣誉的价值观。空处作谓语，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语the ancient Greek epics，为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填offer。 4. 考查形容词。句意：简·奥斯汀的小说不仅娱乐性强，而且对她所处时代的社会进行了深刻的剖析和评论。空处作表语，需用形容词entertaining。故填entertaining。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：阅读他们的作品使我们能够与他们的思想和观点产生共鸣。allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to engage。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些作者常常以既优美又深刻的方式运用语言，使他们的作品既令人愉悦又发人深省。该句已经有一个谓语动词use，所以make需要使用非谓语动词形式，由于make与前面的句子之间是主动关系，且表示结果，所以使用现在分词making作结果状语。故填making。 7. 考查介词。句意：乔治·奥威尔的《1984》是对极权主义的有力批判，同时也是对政府监控危险的警示。serve as为固定搭配，意为“充当；作为”。故填as。 8. 考查连词。句意：阅读查尔斯·狄更斯的作品可以帮助我们领略描述性语言和细致刻画人物的力量，并扩大我们的词汇量。该句中的“help us appreciate the power of descriptive language and detailed characterization”和“expand our own lexicon”是两个并列的动词短语，表示阅读狄更斯作品的两个好处。因此，使用并列连词and。故填and。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：经典作品是文化遗产的一种形式，也是我们共同历史和身份的重要组成部分。修饰名词短语history and identity，需用形容词shared，作定语。故填shared。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：通过阅读它们，我们与过去相连，并对塑造我们世界的传统和价值观有了更深刻的理解。空处引导定语从句，先行词the traditions and values，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 V.应用文写作 (24-25高一下·江苏连云港·开学考试)假如你是学校英语读书俱乐部的负责人，要向你的同学推荐一本文学作品，请写一封推荐信。内容包括： 1. 介绍推荐的文学作品名称及作者。 2. 简要概述作品的主要内容。 3. 阐述推荐该作品的原因，如作品所传达的精神价值、对英语学习的益处等。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________                                                                                                                                                                                                          The Reading Club 【答案】 Dear fellow students, I’m delighted to recommend a very famous book which is called Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen. The story follows Elizabeth Bennet as she navigates love and social expectations in 19th-century England. This work is worth reading. For one thing, it showcases classic English, helping us improve language skills, especially your reading ability and writing ability. For another, it explores themes of love, pride, and prejudice, inspiring us to reflect on our own values. Anyway, the book will benefit us a lot. I strongly recommend you should read it. The Reading Club 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。要求考生写一封推荐信，向同学推荐一本文学作品。 【详解】1.词汇积累 展示：showcase → show 提高：improve → enhance 鼓励：inspire → encourage 有好处：benefit → be beneficial to 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：For one thing, it showcases classic English, helping us improve language skills, especially your reading ability and writing ability. 拓展句：For onething, it showcases classic English, which can help us improve language skills, especially your reading ability and writing ability. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】I’m delighted to recommend a very famous book which is called Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen.(运用了which引导的限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】I strongly recommend you should read it.(运用了省略that的宾语从句以及虚拟语气) 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题08 非谓语动词(初高中衔接) 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 ( 考点一 动词不定式 ) (一)时态和语态的变化 语态式 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 主 动 to do to have done to be doing to have been doing 被 动 to be done to have been done (1)作主语：To do the exercise is good. = It is good to do the exercise(动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末。) (2)作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 温馨提示： 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别。 Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children. 主语 谓语 表语 我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。(plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。) We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children. 主语 谓语 宾语 我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。(we是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的)。 (3)作宾语： ①作及物动词的宾语。 She wishes to be a musician. ②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等， I am determined to give up smoking. 温馨提示：动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on how to solve the problem? (4)作宾语补足语(如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去) Tell the children not to play the game. I saw a little girl enter into the house. I don’t think it right to do it that way. 温馨提示：动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置。 (5)作定语： Is this the best way to help him?(动词不定式位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后) He is the man to depend on.(动词是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词) The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.(名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去) (6)作状语： ①目的状语 Every morning he gets up very early to read English. She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English.=In order to improve her English she reads China Daily every day. To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语： They lived to see the liberation of their home town. You are old enough to take care of yourself now.( too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果) 1. There will be many tasks for them ________(complete) next month. ( 考点 二 动名词 )2. She ran all the way up to the station, only ________(find) that the train had left fifteen minutes before. 动名词由动词原形家词尾-ing构成 1)直接位于句首做主语。 (动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数) Reading is an art. Climbing mountains is really fun. Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 2)用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语的常用句型：It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure… + v.ing 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词后面不用动名词(常用不定式)。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. It was hard getting on the crowded street car. It is fun playing with children. 3)“There be”结构。(在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语) There is no saying when he'll come. There is no joking about such matters. There is no holding back the wheel of history. 注意：动名词用于布告形式的省略结构中。 如：No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 禁止吸烟。 No parking. 禁止停车。 4)动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如： Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 2、作宾语 (1)作动词的宾语 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stand, put off, give up等。 Would you mind opening the window? She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 温馨提示： 在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词(短语)做宾语：find/think/consider… + it(形式宾语) + no use/no good/useless… + v.ing(真正宾语)。 形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。 I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. Do you consider it any good trying again? The music is well worth listening to more than once. (2)作介词的宾语 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? (to 介词) Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time.(to 介词) 温馨提示： 在下面的结构中，介词in常可省略： (1)S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +v.ing (2)S + speng time/money + (in) +V.ing (3)S + be busy + (in) +V.ing (4)S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing (立即… …) We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet. Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English? 3、作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows.(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 4、作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途 a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping 一般过去时的被动语态 (主语+was /were +done) The building was built ten years ago.(肯定) →The building wasn’t built ten years ago.(否定句，在was, were 后加not) →Was the building built ten years ago? (一般疑问句，把was, were 提句首) 1. Because my bike needs ________(repair), I have to walk to school these days. ( 考点 三 现在分词 )2. She is keen on ________(learn) how to play the piano, so she practices every day. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。否定式为“not +动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 1. 作定语 一般说来，单个的现在分词一般可以前置作定语，修饰名词；如果现在分词构成分词短语则后置作定语。 Keep quiet. Don't wake up the sleeping children. We live in a room facing the south. 2. 作表语 现在分词作表语时总是放在系动词的后面，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态。 The story sounds interesting. 这故事听起来很有趣。 The promising future is more encouraging than ever before. It is annoying that the meeting should be put off. 3. 作宾语补足语 通常用在感官动词或使役动词的宾语后面，表示主动或动作正在进行。 Some people leave the water running after washing hands. When I found him cheating, I decided not to accept his flatteries and apologies any more. 4. 作状语 现在分词作状语，相当于一个表示原因、时间、方式、条件、结果等情况的状语从句。根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。 1)表示时间，相当于状语从句when, while。 He went through the papers while listening to music. Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. 2)表示条件，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 Being given once more time, I will finish the task! Preparing fully, we are sure to pass the test. 3)表示原因，相当于原因状语从句because, since, for, as, etc. Not understanding the relationship between the two cases, I asked the lawyer about it. Being ill, she can't go to work today. 4)表示让步，相当于though, although或no matter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. Although working hard every day, we still have endless work to deal with. 5)表示结果，相当于结果状语从句。 His parents' letter has just come, relieving him from anxiety. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, causing the delay. 6)表示方式或伴随状语。 They lay on the grass, looking at the sky. The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 1. The memory of the past time came ________(crowd) into my mind when I saw the picture. ( 考点 四 过去分词 )2. The problem ________(discuss) now is extremely crucial. 过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。 1.作定语： the fallen leaves 落叶 (单个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前) The meeting held last night is very important.(分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语) 2.作表语： The glass is broken.(broken表示the glass所处的状态) The glass was broken by my little brother.(被动语态) 拓展延伸：作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。 3.作宾语补足语 When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.(find的宾语补足语) I had my bike repaired yesterday.(have的宾语补足语) 4.作状语 Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.(时间状语) Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.(条件状语) 1. I wish all our ________(donate) money and our love will fly to the disaster area very soon. 2. She found the kitten ________(frighten) by the fireworks, hiding under the sofa. 3. ________(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 1. All things ________(consider), it could be a while before we embrace a highly-developed health care system. 2. The party will be held in the garden as scheduled, weather ________(permit). 3.(24-25高一下·黑龙江大庆·开学考试)According to data released by the NHC, by the end of 2021 China had the largest number of dogs in the world, with over 12 million people ________(bite) each year. 4. With a local guide ________(lead) us all the way, we had a great time in the beautiful mountain. 5.(16-17高一下·福建厦门·开学考试)With time ________(go) by, I was made smaller. 6. The determined young man struggled ________(make) ends meet, working part-time in a restaurant in his spare time. 7.(24-25高一下·广东茂名·阶段练习)She found the kitten ________(frighten) by the fireworks, hiding under the sofa. 8.(24-25高一上·安徽六安·开学考试)On the night of my birthday, I could hear the windows ________(beat) by the raindrops. 9. Paul knew that ________(be) shorter than other players meant that he had to practice more. 10. The government designed and built the green way system ________(aim) at offering convenience and benefits to people and improving the city’s ecological environment. 提升专练 I.单句语法填空 1.(24-25高一下·甘肃兰州·开学考试)Because my bike needs ________(repair), I have to walk to school these days. 2.(24-25高一下·安徽·开学考试)There will be many tasks for them ________(complete) next month. 3.(24-25高一下·安徽·开学考试)She ran all the way up to the station, only ________(find) that the train had left fifteen minutes before. 4. Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only ________(find) my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. 5. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surface, do exercises to ________(strength) your leg muscles. 6.(24-25高一下·安徽·开学考试)She is keen on ________(learn) how to play the piano, so she practices every day. 7.(24-25高一下·广东佛山·开学考试)Paul knew that ________(be) shorter than other players meant that he had to practice more. 8. My mum keeps ________(tell) me to study hard for bright future. 9.(24-25高一下·甘肃兰州·开学考试)The memory of the past time came ________(crowd) into my mind when I saw the picture. 10.(24-25高一下·甘肃兰州·开学考试)The problem ________(discuss) now is extremely crucial. 11.(24-25高一下·广东佛山·开学考试)The government designed and built the green way system ________(aim) at offering convenience and benefits to people and improving the city’s ecological environment. 12. The party will be held in the garden as scheduled, weather ________(permit). 13.(24-25高一下·吉林长春·开学考试)I wish all our ________(donate) money and our love will fly to the disaster area very soon. 14.(24-25高一下·广东茂名·阶段练习)She found the kitten ________(frighten) by the fireworks, hiding under the sofa. 15. ________(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 16. He spoke slowly to make himself ________(understand). 17. Yesterday I found a book in the bookstore ________(intend) for bird lovers. 18. Michael put up a poster of this famous scientist beside the bed to keep himself ________(remind) of his own dreams. 19. ________(surround) by a great many trees, the modern tall building is the newly-built stadium of our school. 20. I usually have fast food ________(deliver) to my office when I am busy. II.阅读理解 (24-25高一下·云南昭通·开学考试)The photographs that Scilla took as a 16-year-old girl on the streets of London in 1955 stayed largely in her album(相册) over the years. Scilla is now 86, and her self-developed black-and-white photos have been brought back to life after they were discovered by a teenage photographer. Over the past year, Philip Loveday, 16, has been revisiting his grandmother’s path across the capital to carefully rephotograph the pictures. His journey through time with a camera has been especially moving, because his grandmother, Scilla, has Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔茨海默症) and has lost many of her memories. Philip took new photos that looked like the ones Scilla took long ago, and put them in a new album. Each page of Scilla’s old album was copied and put in the new one, with Philip’s new photos on the opposite pages. Philip’s mother, Catherine Loveday, said Scilla had been happy with the new album, which had “put her back in her shoes” as a teenager. Philip said his mother showed him the album she had found at her mother’s house. Greatly absorbed in how modern London would compare to the city photographed by his grandmother, Philip and his mother began to make trips into central London. During the trips, they had the idea of retaking the photos. Some of the places are similar, like Big Ben. Others show how the city has modernized. Unlike Scilla’s view of St. Paul’s Cathedral from the Thames, Philip’s retake has the Millenium Bridge. When Scilla photographed the John Lewis store on Oxford Street, it was a one-storey building now it has seven floors. Philip had to use his imagination to recreate other sights. Scilla has repeatedly returned to her new album since receiving it. Philip said, “It’s nice for her to see someone taking an interest in those photos and going back over them, and also good for her to connect her past to where we are now.” 1. Why is Philip’s re-photographing journey so touching? A. Because he is a talented teenage photographer. B. Because he helps his Alzheimer’s-suffering grandmother recall her past. C. Because he is showing how much London has changed over the years. D. Because he is using modern technology to enhance the old photos. 2. What motivated Philip to retake the photos? A. His grandmother’s request before she got ill. B. His eagerness to show his photography skills. C. His interest in comparing modern and old London. D. His mother’s encouragement to start a new project. 3. What can we infer from the fact that Scilla repeatedly returns to her new album? A. She is disappointed with the changes in London. B. The album helps her reconnect with her past memories. C. She wants to correct the mistakes in Philip’s photos. D. She wants to find more differences between the old and new photos. 4. Which words can best describe Philip? A. Thoughtful and creative. B. Careless and disorganized. C. Ambitious but dependent. D. Uninterested and untrustworthy. III.完形填空 (24-25高一下·山东聊城·开学考试)When I was little, I spent much time at my grandfather’s house, watching him paint all day long.What I remember most was how he 1 painting old ships. As I grew up, we hardly 2 .I noticed he didn’t really 3 much anymore. About a year ago, he had a heart attack. In and out of the 4 for a while, he recovered but was still 5 ,moving around his house in a wheelchair. Then, I started 6 his house and we began to talk more. We discussed life and our interests. Every time I 7 , he wanted to talk a lot.I figured he was lonely and enjoyed the 8 . Wondering why he didn’t start painting again, I made it a point to casually(不经意地) 9 it when I came over, telling him often that he should paint again. It 10 ! He started sending me to buy paint and poster boards.He asked me about colors and 11 me his paintings.I loved the way he painted the 12 ships. He looked happier.Painting seemed to have brought back some 13 part of him. Cleaning for my grandpa has brought us closer.Despite his seventy-five years of age, I 14 to discourage him from painting.Days like these are 15 , and I enjoy the little moments. 1. A. missed B. started C. loved D. avoided 2. A. fought B. explored C. spoke D. traveled 3. A. paint B. laugh C. exercise D. care 4. A. office B. hospital C. ship D. city 5. A. positive B. busy C. calm D. weak 6. A. searching B. repairing C. sharing D. cleaning 7. A. set off B. came over C. looked around D. called back 8. A. company B. freedom C. challenge D. rest 9. A. drop B. answer C. request D. mention 10. A. happened B. continued C. appeared D. worked 11. A. showed B. lent C. promised D. delivered 12. A. broken B. ancient C. empty D. foreign 13. A. youthful B. smart C. fun D. secret 14. A. manage B. decide C. refuse D. fail 15. A. difficult B. ordinary C. valuable D. long IV.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (24-25高一下·湖南长沙·开学考试)Reading the classics is a timeless pursuit that 1 (enrich) the mind and soul. These works often explore universal themes such as love, ambition, and the struggle between good and evil, revealing the 2 (deep) of human emotion and motivation. Similarly, the ancient Greek epics, such as Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, 3 (offer) insights into the values of heroism and honor. Jane Austen’s novels are not only 4 (entertain) but also provide a keen social commentary on the society of her time. Reading their works allows us 5 (engage) with their thoughts and ideas. These authors often use language in a way that is both beautiful and profound, 6 (make) their works both enjoyable and thought-provoking. George Orwell’s 1984 is a powerful critique of totalitarianism and serves 7 a warning about the dangers of government surveillance. Reading Charles Dickens’ works can help us appreciate the power of descriptive language and detailed characterization, 8 expand our own lexicon. The classics are a form of cultural heritage and an essential part of our 9 (share) history and identity. By reading them, we connect with the past and gain a deeper appreciation for the traditions and values 10 have shaped our world. V.应用文写作 (24-25高一下·江苏连云港·开学考试)假如你是学校英语读书俱乐部的负责人，要向你的同学推荐一本文学作品，请写一封推荐信。内容包括： 1. 介绍推荐的文学作品名称及作者。 2. 简要概述作品的主要内容。 3. 阐述推荐该作品的原因，如作品所传达的精神价值、对英语学习的益处等。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________                                                                                                                                                                                                          The Reading Club 6 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$