专题04 选择性必修第四册Unit4～Unit5（期末复习讲义）高二英语下学期人教版

专题04 选择性必修第四册Unit4~Unit5（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 掌握选择性必修第四册Unit 4~Unit 5 中13个重点词句的用法 复习难点： 掌握选择性必修第四册Unit4 ~Unit 5中2个重点语法知识 1.短语 2.长句 考情规律 语境运用：侧重在具体语境中的选择，以及短语的搭配（完形填空、语法填空题中）。 知识点1 disabled adj. 残疾的；有缺陷的 (1) disable v. 使丧失能力；使残疾 (2) disability n. 残疾；缺陷 (3) the disabled 残疾人 【写作佳句】 Our society should offer more care and convenient services to the disabled. 我们的社会应当为残疾人提供更多关怀与便民服务。 【经典练】 ① The accident ______ (disabled) him and made him unable to walk normally. ② Many public facilities are designed for people with physical ______ (disable). 【答案】1. disabled 2. disabilities 知识点2 consultation n. 咨询；商议；会诊 (1) consult v. 咨询；请教；查阅 (2) consult sb. about sth. 就某事咨询某人 【写作佳句】 You can turn to the teacher for consultation when meeting confusing learning problems. 遇到难解的学习问题时，你可以向老师咨询。 【经典练】 ① Students often ______ (consultation) teachers about their career plans. ② After a long ______ (consult), the two sides reached a final agreement. 【答案】1. consult 2. consultation 知识点3 stable adj. 稳定的；稳固的 v. 使稳定 (1) stability n. 稳定性 (2) stably adv. 稳定地 【写作佳句】 A stable learning environment helps students keep a good state of mind. 稳定的学习环境有助于学生保持良好的心态。 【经典练】 ① Economic ______ (stable) is the foundation of social development. ② The machine runs ______ (stable) after professional maintenance. 【答案】1. stability 2. stably 知识点4 secondary adj. 次要的；中等的；第二的 (1) primary adj. 主要的；首要的（反义词） (2) secondary school 中学 【写作佳句】 For students, scores are important but never a secondary part of growth. 对于学生而言，成绩固然重要，但绝非成长中次要的部分。 【经典练】 ① Safety is the ______ (secondary) task we need to finish first. ② This is just a ______ (second) problem and we can deal with it later. 【答案】1. primary 2. secondary 知识点5 justice n. 公正；正义；司法 (1) just adj. 公正的；公平的 adv. 正好 (2) justify v. 证明……正当；为……辩解 【写作佳句】 Every citizen should uphold justice and resist unfair phenomena in life. 每位公民都应坚守正义，抵制生活中的不公现象。 【经典练】 ① A good judge must be ______ (justice) and treat everyone equally. ② No one can ______ (justice) his rude behavior in public. 【答案】1. just 2. justify 知识点6 receptionist n. 接待员；前台 (1) receive v. 接收；接待 (2) reception n. 接待；接待处；接收 【写作佳句】 The friendly receptionist greeted every guest warmly at the entrance of the hotel. 亲切的前台接待员在酒店门口热情迎接每一位宾客。 【经典练】 ① The hotel ______ (reception) is on the first floor of the main building. ② We ______ (reception) a large number of visitors during the activity. 【答案】1. reception 2. received 知识点7 socialist adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者 (1) society n. 社会 (2) social adj. 社会的；社交的 【写作佳句】 We should make contributions to the development of our socialist country. 我们应当为社会主义国家的发展贡献力量。 【经典练】 ① More and more people pay attention to various ______ (socialist) problems. ② Everyone has the duty to serve the whole ______ (social). 【答案】1. social 2. society 知识点8 attend to 照料；处理；专心于 (1) attend school 上学 (2) attend a meeting 参加会议 【写作佳句】 Please attend to your own business and do not disturb others casually. 请专心做好自己的事，不要随意打扰他人。 【经典练】 ① Nurses ______ (照料) the sick patients carefully day and night. ② I have some urgent work to ______ (处理) right now. 【答案】1. attend to 2. attend to 知识点9 priority n. 优先事项；优先权 (1) prior adj. 优先的；在前的 (2) give priority to 优先考虑 【写作佳句】 We must give priority to solving the problems that affect people's daily life. 我们必须优先解决影响民众日常生活的问题。 【经典练】 ① We have ______ (priority) arrangements for this important project. ② The school ______ (prior) the safety of students above all else. 【答案】1. prior 2. prioritizes 知识点10 finance n. 财政；资金 v. 为……提供资金 (1) financial adj. 金融的；财务的 (2) financially adv. 财政上地 【写作佳句】 The government has increased investment to support the local public finance. 政府加大投入，扶持地方财政运转。 【经典练】 ① Many families are facing certain ______ (finance) pressure recently. ② The organization ______ (financial) many public welfare projects every year. 【答案】1. financial 2. finances 知识点11 receipt n. 收据；发票；接收 (1) receive v. 收到；得到 (2) on receipt of 一收到……就 【写作佳句】 Remember to keep the receipt after paying for goods for future checking. 付款后记得保留票据，以便日后核对。 【经典练】 ① I ______ (receipt) a lot of greeting cards during the festival. ② The shop assistant gave me a formal ______ (receive) after payment. 【答案】1. received 2. receipt 知识点12 acquire v. 获得；习得；养成 (1) acquisition n. 获得；习得 (2) acquire knowledge 学习知识 【写作佳句】 Students can acquire rich knowledge and experience through extensive reading. 学生可以通过广泛阅读收获丰富的知识与阅历。 【经典练】 ① Language ______ (acquire) needs long-term practice and accumulation. ② It takes time to ______ (acquisition) good learning habits. 【答案】1. acquisition 2. acquire 知识点13 accuse v. 控告；指责；谴责 (1) accusation n. 指责；控告 (2) accuse sb. of sth. 指责/控告某人某事 【写作佳句】 No one has the right to accuse others without enough evidence. 在没有充足证据的情况下，任何人都无权指责他人。 【经典练】 ① He faced serious ______ (accuse) from the public for his wrong deeds. ② People ______ (accusation) him of breaking the basic rules. 【答案】1. accusations 2. accused 知识点14 短语 （一）名词短语(Noun Phrase,简称 NP) （1）含义：名词短语是指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词 （2）构成：名词短语由名词与它的修饰语起构成。名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系：一是放在被修饰名词的前面，叫作前置定语；二是放在被修饰名词的后面，叫作后置定语。 <1>前置定语：一般来说，名词前面有三种修饰语。其一是限定词，用来限定名词所指的范围，对名词起泛指或特指作用表示确定数量或不确定数量等的限定修饰作用，主要包括冠词(a,an,the)、指示代词(this,that,these,those等)、物主代词(my,your,his,her,our,their等)、不定代词(some ,no, neither, both,every,other等)及一些数词(first,two,one third)等。其二是形容词(短语)，用来表示名词的性质和特征，比如red,close,new,small等。其三是描述性名词。 <2>后置定语：在复杂的名词短语中更常见的是后置定语(包括定语从句、分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语等)。 看下面这组例子: the girl 限定词+名词 the cute girl 限定词+形容词+名词 the baby girl 限定词+描述性名词+名词 the cute baby girl 限定词+形容词 +描述性名词+名词 cute girls 形容词+名词 baby girls 描述性名词+名词 the cute baby girl in pink dress 限定词+形容词+描述性名词+名词+介词短语 the cute baby girl wearing pink dress 限定词+形容词+描述性名词+名词+分词短语 girls in pink dress 名词+介词短语… 综上所述，名词短语的组成为：(限定词+)(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词+)名词(+介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、定语从句等)；修饰名词的定语，其语序的位置是有规律的，即：限定词+形容词(短语)+描述性名词+中性名词+后置定语(介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、定语从句等) 二、形容词短语（Adjective Phrase, 简称AdjP) 定义：形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。 构成： 1.两个或多个形容词可以由and, but 等并列连词连接，构成形容词短语 Your room is large and beautiful. 你的房间大且美丽。 2. very, enough等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语 The road is long enough. 这条路够长的。 3.介词及其宾语可用在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词一起构成形容词短语 The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。 4. 不定式在形容词后作修饰语，与形容词一起构成形容词短语 He is anxious to know the answer. 他焦急地想知道答案。 功能：形容词短语可作定语、表语、宾补和状语等。 Li Ming is a high school student always ready to help others. 李明是一名高中生，总是乐于助人。 (作定语） China is rich in natural resources. 中国自然资源丰富。 (作表语） We found them tired and sleepy at home. 我们发现他们在家又累又困。 (作宾补） Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. 他很感兴趣，答应试一试。 (作状语） 注意： 多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序为： （1） 冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词＋ （2）序数词、基数词＋ （3）一般性描绘形容词＋（4） 大小、长短、形状、年龄、新旧＋（5）颜色＋（6）国籍、出处＋（7）材料＋（8）用途、类别＋（9）最终修饰的名词或动名词。 口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，用途类别往后靠。 三、副词短语（Adverb Phrase, 简称AdvP) 定义：副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语，副词短语以副词为核心词，同时整个短语在句子中仍然为副词的功能。 构成： 1. 两个或多个副词可以由and, but 等对等连词连接构成副词短语 I tried again and again. 我试了一遍又一遍。 2.very, quite, extremely等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语 My grandma sat in the chair quite comfortably. 我奶奶坐在椅子上相当舒服。 3. 介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词，可与副词构成副词短语 He ran fast on his way home. 回家的路上他跑得很快。 功能：副词短语可修饰动词、形容词、副词和介词等；主要在句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式等意义，还可作表语、定语、宾补等。 Jim spoke so quickly that no one could understand him. 吉姆说得那么快，谁也听不懂他的话。 (作状语，表原因） The doctor came back quite recently. 那位医生最近回来了。 (作状语，表时间） The teacher speaks clearly enough. 老师说得够清楚。 (作状语，表方式） 知识点15 长句 无论是多么复杂的长句，它都是由一些基本的成分组成。所以首先要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系。 一般来说，造成长句的原因有三方面： (1)修饰语多；(2)并列成分多；(3)语言结构层次多。 在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法： (1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，从整体上把握句子的结构。 (2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。 (3)分析从句和短语的功能。例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等；若是状语，它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等。 (4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系。例如，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个。 (5)注意插入语等其他成分。 (6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。 下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析： [例1]　Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行为主义者认为，如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素，这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展，那么，儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。 分析：(1)该句的主语为behaviorists，谓语为suggest，宾语为一个从句，因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that­clause结构。 (2)该句共有五个谓语结构，它们的谓语动词分别为suggest，is raised，are，develop，experience。这五个谓语结构之间的关系为：Behaviorist suggest that­clause结构为主句；who is raised in an environment为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为child；where there are many stimuli为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为environment；which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为stimuli；在suggest的宾语从句中，主语为child，谓语为experience，宾语为greater intellectual development。在作了如上的分析之后，我们就会对该句有了一个较为透彻的理解。 [例2]　For a family of four，for example，it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home，with almost unlimited entertainment available，than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. 譬如，对于一个四口之家来说，舒舒服服地在家中看电视，就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目，这比到外面别的地方去消遣更便宜更方便。 分析：(1)该句的主干结构为it is more... to do sth.than to do sth.else.是一个比较结构，而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。 (2)该句中共有三个谓语结构，它们之间的关系为：it is more convenient as well as cheaper to...为主体结构，但it是形式主语，真正的主语为第二个谓语结构to sit comfortably at home，并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。 (3)句首的for a family of four作状语，表示条件。另外，还有两个介词短语作插入语：for example，with almost unlimited entertainment available，其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语，修饰to sit comfortably at home。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 单句语法填空 1．The company one keeps influences how successful they are, indicating one should have great (discriminate) in the choice of friends. 【答案】discrimination 【详解】考查名词。句意：所交往的群体会直接影响一个人的成功程度，这表明在选择朋友时应当具备很强的辨别能力。作动词的宾语，用名词discrimination，不可数。故填discrimination。 2．Most of his works didn't gain the international (recognize) they deserved until his death. 【答案】recognition 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的大部分作品直到他去世后才获得应有的国际认可。作动词gain的宾语，应用名词recognition，故填recognition。 3．In addition, children should deal with the difficulties they meet (independent) and should seek necessary guidance from their parents only at critical moments. 【答案】independently 【详解】考查副词。句意：此外，孩子们应该独立地处理遇到的困难，并且只在关键时刻寻求父母必要的指导。分析可知，所填应是副词，用来修饰动词短语“deal with(处理、应对)”。“independent”，形容词，意为“独立的”，其副词形式为“independently(独立地)”。故填independently。 4．However, many experts say that exercise plays an important role in making our bodies healthy. Being physically (act) offers many advantages. 【答案】active 【详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，许多专家说，运动在使我们的身体健康方面起着重要作用。积极锻炼身体有很多好处。此处作表语，用形容词active“积极的”。故填active。 5．Active (participate) in community festivals strengthens family bonds. 【答案】participation 【详解】句意：积极参与社区节日活动能够加强家庭关系。作主语，用名词participation，不可数。 6．Such a beautiful celebration (deserve) to be recorded and remembered. 【答案】deserves 【详解】句意：如此美丽的庆祝活动值得被记录和铭记。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语Such a beautiful celebration是单数，谓语动词应用三单形式deserves。 7．According to the current economic climate, it is important to safeguard the regional growth and (stable). 【答案】stability 【详解】考查名词。句意：根据当前的经济形势，保护地区经济增长和稳定很重要。空处和and前的名词growth并列，需用名词形式作宾语，stable的名词形式是stability，意为“稳定”，不可数名词。故填stability。 8．To be (honesty), the pay isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. 【答案】honest 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：说实话，虽然这份工作本身很有趣，但工资不够吸引人。to be honest是固定短语，意为“说实话”，在句中作插入语。故填honest。 9．I lost my way in the forest, and to make matters (bad), it became dark. 【答案】worse 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：我在森林里迷了路，更糟的是，天变黑了。to make matters worse是固定搭配，表示“更糟的是”，此处需要用bad的比较级worse，作宾补，故填worse。 10．The Second World War brought great (suffer) to the people in Europe and the world. 【答案】suffering 【详解】考查名词。句意：第二次世界大战给欧洲和世界人民带来了巨大的苦难。形容词great后接名词，suffer的名词形式为suffering，表“苦难”，为不可数名词，在句中作宾语，符合语境。故填suffering。 11．I would like to thank all of you who made the effort. It is a relief that employees so clearly show their (devote) to their job. 【答案】devotion 【详解】考查名词。句意：我要感谢所有付出努力的人。员工们如此明确地展现出对工作的奉献精神，真令人欣慰。作宾语，用名词devotion，表示“奉献，忠诚”。故填devotion。 12．He made up his mind to devote his life to (help) those poor children. 【答案】helping 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他下定决心要将自己的生命奉献给帮助那些贫困儿童的工作上。短语devote one’s life to doing sth.表示“奉献一生做某事”。故填helping。 13． (dedicate) to building a community with a shared future for mankind is China, which has provided generous support and assistance. 【答案】Dedicated 【详解】考查形容词。句意：致力于构建人类命运共同体的正是中国，中国提供了大量的支持与援助。短语be dedicated to表示“致力于……”，形容词作表语，这里使用了全部倒装结构，将主语China位于后面，紧跟which非限制性定语从句，避免头重脚轻。首字母大写。故填Dedicated。 14．The (accuse) is wholly without foundation. 【答案】accusation 【详解】考查名词。句意：这一指控是完全没有根据的。本空作主语，用accuse的名词形式accusation，表“指控”，且由is可知，用单数形式。故填accusation。 15．Dr Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in for the (consult). 【答案】consultation 【详解】考查名词。句意：现在很有名的霍华德·凯利医生被请来会诊。本空作宾语，应用名词consultation“会诊”。故填consultation。 16．He was given a special medal, for he reached his goal in sports in spite of his physical (disabled). 【答案】disability 【详解】考查名词。句意：他获得了一枚特殊的奖章，因为他尽管身体残疾，却在体育方面实现了自己的目标。此处位于形容词性物主代词his和形容词physical之后，需要名词形式作介词in spite of的宾语。disabled对应的名词是disability，意为“残疾”，作宾语，不可数。故填disability。 17．Her rough hands and (wrinkle) face reflected a life of hard physical work. 【答案】wrinkled 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她粗糙的双手和布满皱纹的面容反映出她一生从事繁重体力劳动的经历。修饰名词face用形容词wrinkled，作定语。故填wrinkled。 18．The play, whose style is (rigid) formal, is typical for the period. 【答案】rigidly 【详解】考查副词。句意：这部风格严谨刻板的戏剧，是那个时期的典型代表。空处修饰形容词formal，提示词的副词形式rigidly“刻板地”符合题意。故填rigidly。 19．There were piles of (dust) books in the old house. 【答案】dusty 【详解】考查形容词。句意：老房子里有一堆布满灰尘的书。此处需要修饰名词books，应用形容词形式，dust的形容词形式是dusty，表示“布满灰尘的”，故填dusty。 20．We consider ourselves (privilege) to have been invited to give a speech here. 【答案】privileged 【详解】考查形容词。句意：句意：能被邀请来这里发表演讲，我们认为自己很荣幸。本句为“consider + 宾语 + adj.” 的语法结构，形容词作宾语补足语。privilege的形容词形式是privileged，意为“荣幸的、享有特权的”。故填privileged。 21．The (attend) at the temple fair reached an all‑time high this year. 【答案】attendance 【详解】句意：今年庙会的出席人数达到了历史最高水平。名词attendance，意为“出席人数”，在句中作主语。 22．The monument is (dedicate) to the heroes who fought to protect the festival’s heritage. 【答案】dedicated 【详解】句意：这座纪念碑是为纪念那些为守护节日遗产而奋战的英雄们而建的。分析句子结构可知，这里考查固定搭配be dedicated to，意为“致力于；奉献给；为……所纪念”，此处用形容词dedicated作表语，符合语境。 23．What we need to recognize is that ensuring the safety of employees should be a top (prior). 【答案】priority 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们需要明白的是，保障员工的安全应当是首要任务。空处作表语，用名词priority，不定冠词a提示用单数。故填priority。 24．You need to be more flexible and (imagine) in your approach. 【答案】imaginative 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你需要在方法上更灵活、更有想象力。本空和flexible并列，作表语，用形容词imaginative“富于想象力的，运用想象力的”。故填imaginative。 25．The six men survived because of the special rubber (suit) they were wearing. 【答案】suits 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这六个人因为穿着特殊的橡胶套装而幸存下来。suit表示“套装”时是可数名词，根据six men可知他们穿的套装不止一件，所以用复数形式suits，在句中作宾语。故填suits。 26．Unemployment here is high in (relate) to national levels. 【答案】relation 【详解】考查名词。句意：与全国水平相比，这里的失业率较高。in relation to是固定短语，意为“与……相比” 。名词relation作宾语。故填relation。 27．I wish I (climb) the Great Wall with you tomorrow, but I’m preparing for the coming exam. 【答案】would climb/ could climb 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我真希望明天能和你一起登上长城，但我正在为即将到来的考试做准备。根据后文tomorrow，可知表示与将来事实相反的愿望：wish 后面的宾语从句用 would/could+动词原形。故填would/could climb。 28．The mother-daughter (relate) are always the closest bonds among all human links. 【答案】relations 【详解】考查名词。句意：母女关系始终是所有人类联系中最亲密的纽带。此处需要作句子主语，应用名词形式，relate的名词形式是relation，表示“关系”；根据后面的are可知，此处应用复数形式。故填relations。 29．The child is too young. This book is (suit) for him, and you can change another one. 【答案】unsuitable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个孩子年龄太小了。这本书不适合他，你可以换一本别的。作表语，表示“不适合”用形容词unsuitable。故填unsuitable。 30．My (law) has been urging me to make a will. 【答案】lawyer 【详解】考查名词。句意：我的律师一直在敦促我立一份遗嘱。空处作句子主语，根据urging me to make a will可知，此处指律师，提示词的名词形式lawyer“律师”符合题意，根据助动词has可知，主语为单数。故填lawyer。 31．You should adjust your diet and shouldn’t be so (greed) for the food full of fat for the sake of your health. 【答案】greedy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：为了你的健康，你应该调整你的饮食，不应该对富含脂肪的食物那么贪婪。空处需用形容词作表语；greed的形容词为greedy意为“贪婪的，贪吃的”，be greedy for意为“对……贪婪”。故填greedy。 32．To attract talented workers, an (employ) must offer a competitive salary and a pleasant working environment. 【答案】employer 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了吸引有才华的员工，雇主必须提供有竞争力的薪水和愉快的工作环境。此处作主语，应用名词employer“雇主”，根据空前的an可知，用单数形式。故填employer。 33．Keep your store (receipt) and product tags for at least two months. 【答案】receipts 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：请将您的商店收据和产品标签至少保存两个月。receipt意为“收据”，是可数名词，根据语境可知，与 product tags并列，这里不止一张收据，应用复数形式作宾语。故填receipts。 34．He was arrested by plainclothes (detective) as he walked through the customs hall. 【答案】detectives 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：当他穿过海关大厅时，被便衣侦探逮捕了。detective意为“侦探”，是可数名词，根据语境可知，这里不止一个侦探，应用复数形式作宾语。故填detectives。 35．How do you think your (proficient) in written and spoken English? 【答案】proficiency 【详解】考查名词。句意：你认为你在英语书面语和口语方面的熟练程度如何？proficient是形容词，意为“熟练的，精通的”，这里需要名词形式proficiency，意为“熟练；精通”作宾语。故填proficiency。 36．In fact, it’s not one canal, but a system of (canal) and rivers linked together. 【答案】canals 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：事实上，它不是一条运河，而是一个由运河和河流连接而成的系统。分析句子结构可知，“a system of”后接可数名词复数，表“一套……系统”；canal(运河)为可数名词，其复数形式直接在词尾加s，且与后文rivers构成并列关系，符合语境。故填canals。 37．My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I (knit) for a few years. 【答案】knitted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我母亲在我15岁时就教我学习编织，之后我还持续编织了几年。根据had taught可知，and后的句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，动词knit用过去式knitted。故填knitted。 38．Mother (sew) the button on my coat with needle and thread. 【答案】sewed 【详解】考查时态。句意：妈妈用针线把纽扣缝在我的外套上。根据语境可知，缝纽扣这个动作发生在过去，所以句子应用一般过去时，sew的过去式是sewed。故填sewed。 39．What do you want, (fry) chicken, hamburgers, or fish and chips? 【答案】fried 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你想要什么，炸鸡、汉堡还是炸鱼薯条？分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词chicken，“油炸的”是fried，符合语境。故填fried。 40．All at once, the three children’s faces lit up, and they began (bounce) around in the back seat, laughing and chattering. 【答案】 bouncing/to bounce 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：三个孩子的脸一下子亮了起来，他们开始在后座上蹦蹦跳跳，又笑又闹。分析句子结构可知，此处考查begin的固定用法，“begin doing sth.”和“begin to do sth.”均表示“开始做某事”，二者在语义上无明显区别，可互换使用，符合句子语境。故填bouncing或to bounce。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 完成句子 41．________ ________ ________ to be invited to your school to deliver a speech on traditional Chinese culture. 很荣幸被邀请到贵校做关于中国传统文化的演讲。 【答案】 It’s an honor/privilege 【详解】中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“很荣幸”，“很荣幸做某事”常用固定句型It’s an honor/privilege to do sth.来表达，其中It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。 42．通过她的口音判断，她一定是南方人。 _____________________, she must be from the southern part of the country. 【答案】Judging by/from her accent 【详解】考查固定短语。Judging by/from...是固定用法，意为“根据……判断”，在句中作状语，首字母大写，故填Judging by/from her accent。 43．她平均每天跑15英里，无论天气如何。 She runs about 15 miles a day ________ ________ every day, whatever the weather. 【答案】 on average 【详解】考查介词短语。此处表示“平均”应用介词短语on average作状语。故填on average。 44．不要认为父母原谅你是理所当然的事。 Don’t ______ ______ ______ ______ that your parents will excuse you. 【答案】 take it for granted 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，此处表示“认为……理所当然”为固定短语take it for granted that...，此处为it作形式宾语，that从句引导的宾语从句作真正宾语。故填①take②it③for④granted。 45．有一名运动员特别值得表扬。 One player  ________ ________ deserves a mention. 【答案】 in particular 【详解】考查介词短语。“特别地”为in particular作状语。故填in particular。 46．我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育，作为回报，我们期待学生们努力学习。 We offer excellent education to our students. ________________, we expect students to work hard. 【答案】In return 【详解】考查固定短语。固定短语“作为回报”为“in return”，空格位于句首，故填In return。 47．看一看他们的新方案，就显得我们的过于保守了。 When you look at their proposal, ours seems very conservative ________. 【答案】by contrast/comparison 【详解】考查固定短语。根据汉语意思。可知设空处表示“对比”的意思，可以用介词短语by contrast/by comparison作状语，表示“相比之下”。故填by contrast/comparison。 48．坦率地说，我已经和我的大多数老朋友失去了联系。 ________ with you, I’ve been out of touch with most of my old friends. 【答案】To be frank 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，表示“坦率地说”应为to be frank在句中作状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填To be frank。 49．我等不及要坐下来休息了——我已经走了整天了。 I can’t wait to sit down and relax—I’ve been ________ all day. 【答案】on the move 【详解】考查介词短语。根据汉语意思可知设空处为走，意思是一直进行中，可用介词短语on the move，接在be动词之后作表语，故填on the move。 50．我完全不知道该如何筹到钱。 I am _______________as to how to collect the money. 【答案】at a loss 【详解】考查固定短语。根据前文I am可知，表示“完全不知道”可用介词短语at a loss“不知所措，困惑”作表语，故填at a loss。 51．在某种程度上，你并不适合这个工作。 You are not fit for the job  _____________ . 【答案】to some extent 【详解】考查短语。to some extent表示“在某种程度上”，做状语，答案为to some extent。 52．那个债台高筑的商人急需朋友们的帮助。 The merchant who was deeply ________, was ________ help from his friends. 【答案】 in debt in urgent need of 【详解】考查固定短语和形容词。 根据句意可知，第一空表示“负债”应为固定短语in debt，在句中作表语；第二空表示“需要”应为固定短语in need of，表示“紧急的”应为urgent作定语修饰名词need，所以“急需”应为in urgent need of作表语。故分别填in debt；in urgent need of。 53．Apart from playing the saxophone, the musician __________________. 除了演奏萨克斯风外，这位音乐家还擅长吹长笛。 【答案】is proficient in playing the flute 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“擅长”可用短语be proficient in，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语musician是第三人称单数，be用is，“演奏长笛”用play the flute表达，play作介词in的宾语，用动名词形式。故填is proficient in playing the flute。 54．为了让他的儿子赢在起跑线上，这位父亲决定把他送到一个设备更完善的幼儿园去。 In order to ________________, the father decided to send him to a better equipped kindergarten. 【答案】give his son a head start 【详解】考查短语。表示“他的儿子”用his son。“让某人赢在起跑线上”常见表达为give sb. a head start，in order to后接动词原形，故填give his son a head start。 55．如果事情已经发生了，后悔也没有用。 ________________ regretting if something has happened. 【答案】There is no use 【详解】考查固定句型。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“……是没有用”，使用固定句型There is no use (in) doing sth.，表示“做某事没有用”，后接动名词regretting作宾语。句首单词首字母大写，故填There is no use。 56．不可否认，我们的生活将会变得越来越好。 ________________ our life will become better and better. 【答案】There is no denying that 【详解】考查固定句型。“不可否认”可翻译为There is no denying that...。故填There is no denying that。 57．我们第一次来到这个小山村，就被这里的美景深深吸引住了。 ______________, we were deeply attracted by the beautiful scenery here. (the first time) 【答案】The first time we arrived at the small mountain village 【详解】考查时间状语从句、固定短语。表示“第一次……时”，用the first time引导时间状语从句；表示“我们”用we，作主语；表示“来到”用arrive at，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，动词用过去式arrived；表示“这个小山村”用the small mountain village，作宾语。故填The first time we arrived at the small mountain village。 58．当在国外学习时，他交了很多新朋友。 When ____________________, he made many new friends. 【答案】studying abroad 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。原句“when”引导的是时间状语从句，结合句意，其完整形式应该是“when he was studying abroad”；在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词，该句符合状语从句省略条件，省略he was后，应保留studying abroad。故填studying abroad。 59．她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。 She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, _______ _______ _______ ________ _______ both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. 【答案】 acquiring a broad knowledge of 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。表示“获得了广泛的……知识”短语为acquire a broad knowledge of，与逻辑主语she构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填acquiring a broad knowledge of。 60．I would greatly appreciate it _____________. 如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 【答案】if you could take my application into consideration 【详解】考查动词短语和宾语从句。“考虑”为固定短语take...into consideration，表示“考虑我的申请”应用动词短语take my application into consideration；根据句子结构可知本句应使用it是形式宾语，构成固定句式appreciate it+if+从句， 其中if引导的真正宾语从句；根据前面“would greatly appreciate”可知宾语从句谓语动词应使用一般过去时，即could+动词原形，故填if you could take my application into consideration。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） （1） （25-26高二下·福建三明·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单的正确形式。 Poetry artfully combines sounds, words and grammar, making it delightful to read aloud. Using language and imagery 1 (convey) thoughts and feelings, it touches hearts across ages and borders. Chinese classical poetry attaches great 2 (important) to harmonious and rhythmic structures. 3 (compose) under strict rules of fixed lines and character counts, it creates 4 unique rhythm and graceful rhyme. The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of classical Chinese poetry. Li Bai, Du Fu and Wang Wei have gained worldwide fame, and their works 5 (admire) globally for centuries. Chinese poetry has shaped world literature significantly. Thanks to translators like Ezra Pound,ancient Chinese poems have won international recognition, showing their 6 (power) charm across cultures. Since the early 20th century, Chinese writers have introduced European literature into China, greatly 7 (affect) the development of modern Chinese poetry. Poets such as Wordsworth and Shelley, 8 works are romantic and nature-focused, are deeply loved in China. Their styles are similar 9 those of Tang poets. Nowadays, a growing number of people are fond of poetry, and 10 makes it so popular is that it bridges cross-cultural understanding between the East and the West. 【答案】 1．to convey 2．importance 3．Composed 4．a 5．have been admired 6．powerful 7．affecting 8．whose 9．to 10．what 【导语】文章主要介绍了中国古典诗歌的艺术魅力、世界影响以及中西方文学的交流互鉴。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：诗歌运用语言与意象传递思想情感，跨越时代与国界触动人心。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“用某物做某事”，空处需填动词不定式to convey。 2．考查名词。句意：中国古典诗词格外讲究结构和谐、韵律规整。空处作宾语，需填名词importance，为不可数名词。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：诗词依照严格的句数、字数格律创作，形成独有的节奏与优美的韵脚。主语it指代诗歌，与compose是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。 4．考查冠词。句意同上。rhythm为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且unique发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。 5．考查动词时态语态。句意：李白、杜甫、王维享誉世界，他们的作品数百年来一直备受全球推崇。根据时间状语“for centuries”和句意可知，使用现在完成时，their works和admire为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。 6．考查形容词。句意：得益于埃兹拉・庞德等翻译家的努力，中国古诗收获国际认可，尽显跨越文化的强大魅力。修饰名词charm需用形容词powerful，作定语。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：二十世纪初起，中国作家引入欧洲文学，极大影响了中国现代诗歌的发展。affect和上文句子为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式affecting，作结果状语。 8．考查定语从句。句意：华兹华斯、雪莱等诗人，其作品风格浪漫、聚焦自然，在中国广受喜爱。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词poets，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。 9．考查介词。句意：他们的文风与唐代诗人颇为相近。be similar to为固定搭配，意为“与……相似”，空处需填介词to。 10．考查主语从句。句意：如今越来越多人热爱诗歌，诗歌之所以广受追捧，是因为它搭建起东西方跨文化交流的纽带。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。 （2） （25-26高二下·江西吉安·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Chinese motorcycle manufacturer, ZXMOTO, made history at the World Superbike Championship Portuguese round, which concluded on March 29, 2026. The relatively new team secured victories in both races of the World Supersport category, marking 1 first time a Chinese motorcycle manufacturer had won at this premier global competition. The 2 (achieve) also broke the long-standing dominance of established brands such as Ducati and Yamaha in the class. Behind the breakthrough is Zhang Xue, 3 journey from a workshop to the global racing stage has drawn widespread attention. Driven by his love and passion for motorcycles, Zhang, who was born in a small village in Huaihua, Hunan province in Central China, began working 4 a motorcycle repair apprentice (学徒) at the age of 14. 5 (spend) long hours analyzing engines, he developed technical expertise, bringing him a step closer to his racing dream. He worked hard and saved to buy a rickety second-hand motorbike 6 (practice) his skills. In 2006, at 19, Zhang rode over 100 km in the rain to showcase his skills. 7 his first attempt failed, his persistence later earned him a spot on a professional team. He worked as a stunt rider and mechanic, achieving podium finishes (领奖台). However, 8 (injury) and China’s technological gap with global leaders made him shift from racing to manufacturing. Between 2009 and 2012, he mastered vehicle development at a Zhejiang factory. In 2013, he moved to Chongqing and began his own manufacturing journey. In 2024, he founded ZXMOTO to develop 9 (dependent) engine technology. His efforts led to the 820RR, a civilian motorcycle with a 10 (domestic) built engine. Adapted for racing, this model secured ZXMOTO’s historic win in Portugal — proving a dream from a small village can reach the world stage. 【答案】 1．the 2．achievement 3．whose 4．as 5．Spending 6．to practice 7．Though/Although/While 8．injuries 9．independent 10．domestically 【导语】文章主要讲述了张雪从乡村学徒到创立ZXMOTO并赢得世界冠军的励志故事。 1．考查冠词。句意：这支新兴车队包揽了世界超级摩托车组两场比赛的冠军，这标志着中国摩托车制造商首次在这项全球顶级赛事中夺冠。本空修饰first time，序数词前需用定冠词the。 2．考查名词。句意：这一成就也打破了杜卡迪、雅马哈等老牌知名品牌长期在该组别赛事中的垄断地位。本空作主语，用名词achievement“成就”。 3．考查定语从句。句意：这次突破的背后是张雪，他从修理工坊走向世界赛车舞台的人生经历引发了广泛关注。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Zhang Xue（指人），且在从句中作定语修饰journey，用关系代词whose。 4．考查介词。句意：张雪出生于中国中部湖南省怀化市的一个小村庄，出于对摩托车的热爱与热忱，他 14 岁就开始做摩托车修理学徒。本空表示“作为”，用介词as，构成work as“担任、作为……工作”。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：日复一日花费大量时间研究发动机，他练就了专业的技术本领，也离自己的赛车梦想更近了一步。本空作状语，主语he与spend之间为主动关系，用现在分词spending，且位于句首，首字母大写。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：他努力工作并攒钱买了一辆破旧的二手摩托车来练习技能。本空表示目的，用不定式to practice作目的状语。 7．考查连词。句意：尽管他的初次尝试以失败告终，但坚持不懈的努力最终让他加入了一支职业车队。本空引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”，用although/though/while，且位于句首，首字母大写。 8．考查名词复数。句意：然而，多次伤病以及中国与国际顶尖水平的技术差距，让他从赛车选手转型投身摩托车制造领域。本空与China’s technological gap并列作主语，injury为可数名词，此处表示多种伤病，用复数形式injuries。 9．考查形容词。句意：2024 年，他创立 ZXMOTO 品牌，致力于研发自主发动机技术。本空修饰名词engine technology，应用形容词形式，表示“自主的、独立的”，用dependent的反义词independent，作定语。 10．考查副词。句意：他的不懈努力造就了 820RR 民用摩托车，这款车型搭载国产自研发动机。本空修饰过去分词built，作状语，应用副词形式，domestic的副词为domestically“在国内地”，作状语。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 选择性必修第四册Unit4~Unit5（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 掌握选择性必修第四册Unit 4~Unit 5 中13个重点词句的用法 复习难点： 掌握选择性必修第四册Unit4 ~Unit 5中2个重点语法知识 1.短语 2.长句 考情规律 语境运用：侧重在具体语境中的选择，以及短语的搭配（完形填空、语法填空题中）。 知识点1 disabled adj. 残疾的；有缺陷的 (1) disable v. 使丧失能力；使残疾 (2) disability n. 残疾；缺陷 (3) the disabled 残疾人 【写作佳句】 Our society should offer more care and convenient services to the disabled. 我们的社会应当为残疾人提供更多关怀与便民服务。 【经典练】 ① The accident ______ (disabled) him and made him unable to walk normally. ② Many public facilities are designed for people with physical ______ (disable). 【答案】1. disabled 2. disabilities 知识点2 consultation n. 咨询；商议；会诊 (1) consult v. 咨询；请教；查阅 (2) consult sb. about sth. 就某事咨询某人 【写作佳句】 You can turn to the teacher for consultation when meeting confusing learning problems. 遇到难解的学习问题时，你可以向老师咨询。 【经典练】 ① Students often ______ (consultation) teachers about their career plans. ② After a long ______ (consult), the two sides reached a final agreement. 【答案】1. consult 2. consultation 知识点3 stable adj. 稳定的；稳固的 v. 使稳定 (1) stability n. 稳定性 (2) stably adv. 稳定地 【写作佳句】 A stable learning environment helps students keep a good state of mind. 稳定的学习环境有助于学生保持良好的心态。 【经典练】 ① Economic ______ (stable) is the foundation of social development. ② The machine runs ______ (stable) after professional maintenance. 【答案】1. stability 2. stably 知识点4 secondary adj. 次要的；中等的；第二的 (1) primary adj. 主要的；首要的（反义词） (2) secondary school 中学 【写作佳句】 For students, scores are important but never a secondary part of growth. 对于学生而言，成绩固然重要，但绝非成长中次要的部分。 【经典练】 ① Safety is the ______ (secondary) task we need to finish first. ② This is just a ______ (second) problem and we can deal with it later. 【答案】1. primary 2. secondary 知识点5 justice n. 公正；正义；司法 (1) just adj. 公正的；公平的 adv. 正好 (2) justify v. 证明……正当；为……辩解 【写作佳句】 Every citizen should uphold justice and resist unfair phenomena in life. 每位公民都应坚守正义，抵制生活中的不公现象。 【经典练】 ① A good judge must be ______ (justice) and treat everyone equally. ② No one can ______ (justice) his rude behavior in public. 【答案】1. just 2. justify 知识点6 receptionist n. 接待员；前台 (1) receive v. 接收；接待 (2) reception n. 接待；接待处；接收 【写作佳句】 The friendly receptionist greeted every guest warmly at the entrance of the hotel. 亲切的前台接待员在酒店门口热情迎接每一位宾客。 【经典练】 ① The hotel ______ (reception) is on the first floor of the main building. ② We ______ (reception) a large number of visitors during the activity. 【答案】1. reception 2. received 知识点7 socialist adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者 (1) society n. 社会 (2) social adj. 社会的；社交的 【写作佳句】 We should make contributions to the development of our socialist country. 我们应当为社会主义国家的发展贡献力量。 【经典练】 ① More and more people pay attention to various ______ (socialist) problems. ② Everyone has the duty to serve the whole ______ (social). 【答案】1. social 2. society 知识点8 attend to 照料；处理；专心于 (1) attend school 上学 (2) attend a meeting 参加会议 【写作佳句】 Please attend to your own business and do not disturb others casually. 请专心做好自己的事，不要随意打扰他人。 【经典练】 ① Nurses ______ (照料) the sick patients carefully day and night. ② I have some urgent work to ______ (处理) right now. 【答案】1. attend to 2. attend to 知识点9 priority n. 优先事项；优先权 (1) prior adj. 优先的；在前的 (2) give priority to 优先考虑 【写作佳句】 We must give priority to solving the problems that affect people's daily life. 我们必须优先解决影响民众日常生活的问题。 【经典练】 ① We have ______ (priority) arrangements for this important project. ② The school ______ (prior) the safety of students above all else. 【答案】1. prior 2. prioritizes 知识点10 finance n. 财政；资金 v. 为……提供资金 (1) financial adj. 金融的；财务的 (2) financially adv. 财政上地 【写作佳句】 The government has increased investment to support the local public finance. 政府加大投入，扶持地方财政运转。 【经典练】 ① Many families are facing certain ______ (finance) pressure recently. ② The organization ______ (financial) many public welfare projects every year. 【答案】1. financial 2. finances 知识点11 receipt n. 收据；发票；接收 (1) receive v. 收到；得到 (2) on receipt of 一收到……就 【写作佳句】 Remember to keep the receipt after paying for goods for future checking. 付款后记得保留票据，以便日后核对。 【经典练】 ① I ______ (receipt) a lot of greeting cards during the festival. ② The shop assistant gave me a formal ______ (receive) after payment. 【答案】1. received 2. receipt 知识点12 acquire v. 获得；习得；养成 (1) acquisition n. 获得；习得 (2) acquire knowledge 学习知识 【写作佳句】 Students can acquire rich knowledge and experience through extensive reading. 学生可以通过广泛阅读收获丰富的知识与阅历。 【经典练】 ① Language ______ (acquire) needs long-term practice and accumulation. ② It takes time to ______ (acquisition) good learning habits. 【答案】1. acquisition 2. acquire 知识点13 accuse v. 控告；指责；谴责 (1) accusation n. 指责；控告 (2) accuse sb. of sth. 指责/控告某人某事 【写作佳句】 No one has the right to accuse others without enough evidence. 在没有充足证据的情况下，任何人都无权指责他人。 【经典练】 ① He faced serious ______ (accuse) from the public for his wrong deeds. ② People ______ (accusation) him of breaking the basic rules. 【答案】1. accusations 2. accused 知识点14 短语 （一）名词短语(Noun Phrase,简称 NP) （1）含义：名词短语是指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词 （2）构成：名词短语由名词与它的修饰语起构成。名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系：一是放在被修饰名词的前面，叫作前置定语；二是放在被修饰名词的后面，叫作后置定语。 <1>前置定语：一般来说，名词前面有三种修饰语。其一是限定词，用来限定名词所指的范围，对名词起泛指或特指作用表示确定数量或不确定数量等的限定修饰作用，主要包括冠词(a,an,the)、指示代词(this,that,these,those等)、物主代词(my,your,his,her,our,their等)、不定代词(some ,no, neither, both,every,other等)及一些数词(first,two,one third)等。其二是形容词(短语)，用来表示名词的性质和特征，比如red,close,new,small等。其三是描述性名词。 <2>后置定语：在复杂的名词短语中更常见的是后置定语(包括定语从句、分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语等)。 看下面这组例子: the girl 限定词+名词 the cute girl 限定词+形容词+名词 the baby girl 限定词+描述性名词+名词 the cute baby girl 限定词+形容词 +描述性名词+名词 cute girls 形容词+名词 baby girls 描述性名词+名词 the cute baby girl in pink dress 限定词+形容词+描述性名词+名词+介词短语 the cute baby girl wearing pink dress 限定词+形容词+描述性名词+名词+分词短语 girls in pink dress 名词+介词短语… 综上所述，名词短语的组成为：(限定词+)(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词+)名词(+介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、定语从句等)；修饰名词的定语，其语序的位置是有规律的，即：限定词+形容词(短语)+描述性名词+中性名词+后置定语(介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、定语从句等) 二、形容词短语（Adjective Phrase, 简称AdjP) 定义：形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。 构成： 1.两个或多个形容词可以由and, but 等并列连词连接，构成形容词短语 Your room is large and beautiful. 你的房间大且美丽。 2. very, enough等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语 The road is long enough. 这条路够长的。 3.介词及其宾语可用在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词一起构成形容词短语 The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。 4. 不定式在形容词后作修饰语，与形容词一起构成形容词短语 He is anxious to know the answer. 他焦急地想知道答案。 功能：形容词短语可作定语、表语、宾补和状语等。 Li Ming is a high school student always ready to help others. 李明是一名高中生，总是乐于助人。 (作定语） China is rich in natural resources. 中国自然资源丰富。 (作表语） We found them tired and sleepy at home. 我们发现他们在家又累又困。 (作宾补） Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. 他很感兴趣，答应试一试。 (作状语） 注意： 多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序为： （1） 冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词＋ （2）序数词、基数词＋ （3）一般性描绘形容词＋（4） 大小、长短、形状、年龄、新旧＋（5）颜色＋（6）国籍、出处＋（7）材料＋（8）用途、类别＋（9）最终修饰的名词或动名词。 口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，用途类别往后靠。 三、副词短语（Adverb Phrase, 简称AdvP) 定义：副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语，副词短语以副词为核心词，同时整个短语在句子中仍然为副词的功能。 构成： 1. 两个或多个副词可以由and, but 等对等连词连接构成副词短语 I tried again and again. 我试了一遍又一遍。 2.very, quite, extremely等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语 My grandma sat in the chair quite comfortably. 我奶奶坐在椅子上相当舒服。 3. 介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词，可与副词构成副词短语 He ran fast on his way home. 回家的路上他跑得很快。 功能：副词短语可修饰动词、形容词、副词和介词等；主要在句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式等意义，还可作表语、定语、宾补等。 Jim spoke so quickly that no one could understand him. 吉姆说得那么快，谁也听不懂他的话。 (作状语，表原因） The doctor came back quite recently. 那位医生最近回来了。 (作状语，表时间） The teacher speaks clearly enough. 老师说得够清楚。 (作状语，表方式） 知识点15 长句 无论是多么复杂的长句，它都是由一些基本的成分组成。所以首先要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系。 一般来说，造成长句的原因有三方面： (1)修饰语多；(2)并列成分多；(3)语言结构层次多。 在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法： (1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，从整体上把握句子的结构。 (2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。 (3)分析从句和短语的功能。例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等；若是状语，它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等。 (4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系。例如，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个。 (5)注意插入语等其他成分。 (6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。 下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析： [例1]　Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行为主义者认为，如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素，这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展，那么，儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。 分析：(1)该句的主语为behaviorists，谓语为suggest，宾语为一个从句，因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that­clause结构。 (2)该句共有五个谓语结构，它们的谓语动词分别为suggest，is raised，are，develop，experience。这五个谓语结构之间的关系为：Behaviorist suggest that­clause结构为主句；who is raised in an environment为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为child；where there are many stimuli为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为environment；which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为stimuli；在suggest的宾语从句中，主语为child，谓语为experience，宾语为greater intellectual development。在作了如上的分析之后，我们就会对该句有了一个较为透彻的理解。 [例2]　For a family of four，for example，it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home，with almost unlimited entertainment available，than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. 譬如，对于一个四口之家来说，舒舒服服地在家中看电视，就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目，这比到外面别的地方去消遣更便宜更方便。 分析：(1)该句的主干结构为it is more... to do sth.than to do sth.else.是一个比较结构，而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。 (2)该句中共有三个谓语结构，它们之间的关系为：it is more convenient as well as cheaper to...为主体结构，但it是形式主语，真正的主语为第二个谓语结构to sit comfortably at home，并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。 (3)句首的for a family of four作状语，表示条件。另外，还有两个介词短语作插入语：for example，with almost unlimited entertainment available，其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语，修饰to sit comfortably at home。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 单句语法填空 1．The company one keeps influences how successful they are, indicating one should have great (discriminate) in the choice of friends. 2．Most of his works didn't gain the international (recognize) they deserved until his death. 3．In addition, children should deal with the difficulties they meet (independent) and should seek necessary guidance from their parents only at critical moments. 4．However, many experts say that exercise plays an important role in making our bodies healthy. Being physically (act) offers many advantages. 5．Active (participate) in community festivals strengthens family bonds. 6．Such a beautiful celebration (deserve) to be recorded and remembered. 7．According to the current economic climate, it is important to safeguard the regional growth and (stable). 8．To be (honesty), the pay isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. 9．I lost my way in the forest, and to make matters (bad), it became dark. 10．The Second World War brought great (suffer) to the people in Europe and the world. 11．I would like to thank all of you who made the effort. It is a relief that employees so clearly show their (devote) to their job. 12．He made up his mind to devote his life to (help) those poor children. 13． (dedicate) to building a community with a shared future for mankind is China, which has provided generous support and assistance. 14．The (accuse) is wholly without foundation. 15．Dr Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in for the (consult). 16．He was given a special medal, for he reached his goal in sports in spite of his physical (disabled). 17．Her rough hands and (wrinkle) face reflected a life of hard physical work. 18．The play, whose style is (rigid) formal, is typical for the period. 19．There were piles of (dust) books in the old house. 20．We consider ourselves (privilege) to have been invited to give a speech here. 21．The (attend) at the temple fair reached an all‑time high this year. 22．The monument is (dedicate) to the heroes who fought to protect the festival’s heritage. 23．What we need to recognize is that ensuring the safety of employees should be a top (prior). 24．You need to be more flexible and (imagine) in your approach. 25．The six men survived because of the special rubber (suit) they were wearing. 26．Unemployment here is high in (relate) to national levels. 27．I wish I (climb) the Great Wall with you tomorrow, but I’m preparing for the coming exam. 28．The mother-daughter (relate) are always the closest bonds among all human links. 29．The child is too young. This book is (suit) for him, and you can change another one. 30．My (law) has been urging me to make a will. 31．You should adjust your diet and shouldn’t be so (greed) for the food full of fat for the sake of your health. 32．To attract talented workers, an (employ) must offer a competitive salary and a pleasant working environment. 33．Keep your store (receipt) and product tags for at least two months. 34．He was arrested by plainclothes (detective) as he walked through the customs hall. 35．How do you think your (proficient) in written and spoken English? 36．In fact, it’s not one canal, but a system of (canal) and rivers linked together. 37．My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I (knit) for a few years. 38．Mother (sew) the button on my coat with needle and thread. 39．What do you want, (fry) chicken, hamburgers, or fish and chips? 40．All at once, the three children’s faces lit up, and they began (bounce) around in the back seat, laughing and chattering. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 完成句子 41．________ ________ ________ to be invited to your school to deliver a speech on traditional Chinese culture. 很荣幸被邀请到贵校做关于中国传统文化的演讲。 42．通过她的口音判断，她一定是南方人。 _____________________, she must be from the southern part of the country. 43．她平均每天跑15英里，无论天气如何。 She runs about 15 miles a day ________ ________ every day, whatever the weather. 44．不要认为父母原谅你是理所当然的事。 Don’t ______ ______ ______ ______ that your parents will excuse you. 45．有一名运动员特别值得表扬。 One player  ________ ________ deserves a mention. 46．我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育，作为回报，我们期待学生们努力学习。 We offer excellent education to our students. ________________, we expect students to work hard. 47．看一看他们的新方案，就显得我们的过于保守了。 When you look at their proposal, ours seems very conservative ________. 48．坦率地说，我已经和我的大多数老朋友失去了联系。 ________ with you, I’ve been out of touch with most of my old friends. 49．我等不及要坐下来休息了——我已经走了整天了。 I can’t wait to sit down and relax—I’ve been ________ all day. 50．我完全不知道该如何筹到钱。 I am _______________as to how to collect the money. 51．在某种程度上，你并不适合这个工作。 You are not fit for the job  _____________ . 52．那个债台高筑的商人急需朋友们的帮助。 The merchant who was deeply ________, was ________ help from his friends. 53．Apart from playing the saxophone, the musician __________________. 除了演奏萨克斯风外，这位音乐家还擅长吹长笛。 54．为了让他的儿子赢在起跑线上，这位父亲决定把他送到一个设备更完善的幼儿园去。 In order to ________________, the father decided to send him to a better equipped kindergarten. 55．如果事情已经发生了，后悔也没有用。 ________________ regretting if something has happened. 56．不可否认，我们的生活将会变得越来越好。 ________________ our life will become better and better. 57．我们第一次来到这个小山村，就被这里的美景深深吸引住了。 ______________, we were deeply attracted by the beautiful scenery here. (the first time) 58．当在国外学习时，他交了很多新朋友。 When ____________________, he made many new friends. 59．她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。 She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, _______ _______ _______ ________ _______ both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. 60．I would greatly appreciate it _____________. 如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） （1） （25-26高二下·福建三明·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单的正确形式。 Poetry artfully combines sounds, words and grammar, making it delightful to read aloud. Using language and imagery 1 (convey) thoughts and feelings, it touches hearts across ages and borders. Chinese classical poetry attaches great 2 (important) to harmonious and rhythmic structures. 3 (compose) under strict rules of fixed lines and character counts, it creates 4 unique rhythm and graceful rhyme. The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of classical Chinese poetry. Li Bai, Du Fu and Wang Wei have gained worldwide fame, and their works 5 (admire) globally for centuries. Chinese poetry has shaped world literature significantly. Thanks to translators like Ezra Pound,ancient Chinese poems have won international recognition, showing their 6 (power) charm across cultures. Since the early 20th century, Chinese writers have introduced European literature into China, greatly 7 (affect) the development of modern Chinese poetry. Poets such as Wordsworth and Shelley, 8 works are romantic and nature-focused, are deeply loved in China. Their styles are similar 9 those of Tang poets. Nowadays, a growing number of people are fond of poetry, and 10 makes it so popular is that it bridges cross-cultural understanding between the East and the West. （2） （25-26高二下·江西吉安·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Chinese motorcycle manufacturer, ZXMOTO, made history at the World Superbike Championship Portuguese round, which concluded on March 29, 2026. The relatively new team secured victories in both races of the World Supersport category, marking 1 first time a Chinese motorcycle manufacturer had won at this premier global competition. The 2 (achieve) also broke the long-standing dominance of established brands such as Ducati and Yamaha in the class. Behind the breakthrough is Zhang Xue, 3 journey from a workshop to the global racing stage has drawn widespread attention. Driven by his love and passion for motorcycles, Zhang, who was born in a small village in Huaihua, Hunan province in Central China, began working 4 a motorcycle repair apprentice (学徒) at the age of 14. 5 (spend) long hours analyzing engines, he developed technical expertise, bringing him a step closer to his racing dream. He worked hard and saved to buy a rickety second-hand motorbike 6 (practice) his skills. In 2006, at 19, Zhang rode over 100 km in the rain to showcase his skills. 7 his first attempt failed, his persistence later earned him a spot on a professional team. He worked as a stunt rider and mechanic, achieving podium finishes (领奖台). However, 8 (injury) and China’s technological gap with global leaders made him shift from racing to manufacturing. Between 2009 and 2012, he mastered vehicle development at a Zhejiang factory. In 2013, he moved to Chongqing and began his own manufacturing journey. In 2024, he founded ZXMOTO to develop 9 (dependent) engine technology. His efforts led to the 820RR, a civilian motorcycle with a 10 (domestic) built engine. Adapted for racing, this model secured ZXMOTO’s historic win in Portugal — proving a dream from a small village can reach the world stage. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $