Unit 5 Period 3 Reviewing Useful Structures（课件）-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

Period 3 Reviewing Useful Structures—Review of long sentences Unit 5 Launching your career 语境感悟 语法精讲 达标检测 语境 感悟 3 阅读以下短文，感知标注序号的句子，并完成下面的练习 (1)Vocational education is not a new idea.(2)It generally prepares people to work in a specific occupation by teaching theory in the classroom and offering hands-on training in the workplace.Vocational education is no less important than academic education (3)because it can qualify applicants to work in a particular field.(4)In today’s rapidly developing society，vocational education is becoming more and more valuable and it gives applicants an advantage in the job market.(5)Once a job has been secured，those with vocational qualifications often have better prospects of promotion within the company. (6)For example，motor repair is one field that allows for such career development.(7)Most motor repair companies have their own training programmes for specific jobs and workers can start off in training positions.(8)People who have been trained in schools often learn and adapt faster and are more likely to work their way up to senior management positions.(9)It is certain that educational institutions and companies will continue to advocate vocational education and training.(10)According to one vocational school student，they are now encouraged to “learn by doing” and “learn through trial and error”，and they focus more on how to complete an assignment rather than just memorizing what teachers say in class. 1.句(1)(2)是________； 2.句(3)是_____状语从句，句(5)是_____状语从句； 3.句(4)(7)是并列连词and连接的_____句； 4.句(6)(8)(9)是主从_____句，在句(6)中关系代词that引导的定语从句修饰先行词_________，在句(8)中_____引导的定语从句修饰先行词People，在句(9)中It是形式主语，that引导真正的_____从句； 5.句(10)为并列复合句，and连接的是并列句，而 what teachers say in class是连接代词what引导的宾语从句，作动词___________的宾语。 自主发现 返 回 简单句 原因 时间 并列 复合 one field who 主语 memorizing 语法 精讲 7 一、长句的基本概念 1.Some people know what they want to do from a young age，but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads. [句式分析]　这是由转折连词but连接的并列复合句，表达前后两种情况的对比。前半部分是“主谓宾状”结构，其中含有what引导的宾语从句；后半部分是“主谓宾”结构，其中的bouncing around in their heads作定语修饰ideas。 [自主翻译]　有些人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人只是有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。 2.If you want to hold a koala，you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions. [句式分析]　该句的主干是you have to go to zoos，if引导条件状语从句，where 后面直到句尾是个很长的定语从句，修饰zoos。这个定语从句之所以长，是因为其中含有两个that引导的宾语从句。 [自主翻译]　如果想抱抱考拉，你得去那些有执照的动物园。那里的动物专家会确保挑选出来的考拉状态良好、适合与人接触，游客爱抚考拉的时长和频率也有限制。 3.But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well，because it shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability，and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind. [句式分析]　这是一个长句。第一层，从because分开，前面的主句为“主系表”结构，because后面直到句尾是一个“主谓宾”结构的原因状语从句，用来说明“这项工作很有意义”的理由。第二层，原因状语从句中包含两个由that引导的宾语从句，作shows的宾语。第三层，两个that引导的宾语从句是并列关系，也都是“主系表”结构。 [自主翻译]　但以任何标准来看，这项工作对我们都是值得的；因为它表明，我们是关注世界稳定的全球公民，我们对他人负有责任，我们为建立人类命运共同体做好了准备。 [总结]　英语的长句之所以长，是因为含有较多较长的修饰成分，或是包含多个并列句或从句。长句子的理解与一般句子相似，主要包括句法结构、语义逻辑和语篇功能三个方面。理解长句的基础是理清句子的结构层次，这需要学生熟悉了解英语的基本句型，在此基础上抓住长句子的主干，即句子的主语和谓语，然后再逐层梳理分析长句中其他成分的层次关系。 二、破解长句 1.依谓语，找主语 People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations. [句式分析]　主句谓语是feared，其主语是people，that 引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurt，其主语是weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。 [自主翻译]　二十一年来，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。 [总结]　一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语)，我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。 2.提主干，去枝叶 Perhaps the best sign of how computer and the Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself，which sees printing as its most promising new market. [句式分析]　句子主干为the best sign comes from the high-tech industry itself；of how computer and the Internet use pushes up demand for paper作sign的定语；which sees printing as its most promising new market是关系代词which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the high-tech industry。 [自主翻译]　或许，表明电脑及因特网使用如何促进纸张需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场。 总结：一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。 3.寻关联，辨逻辑 It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers，although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when email is introduced，the printers start working overtime. [句式分析]　此句为复合句，句中although引导让步状语从句，who works in an office引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone，that the printers start working overtime是that引导的宾语从句，此宾语从句中含有时间状语从句when email is introduced。 [自主翻译]　由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，虽然几乎任何在办公室工作的人都能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。 [总结]　一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句，而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，对长句的理解就容易得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中常见的关联词谙熟于心。 4.看搭配，防分隔 (1)Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products，to some degree，their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising. [句式分析]　本句包含一个“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”句型，“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”意为“使……成为……”，只不过宾语和宾语补足语被to some degree隔开而已。 [自主翻译]　一些公司把卫生的、安全的产品的生产，从某种程度上说，当作他们的主要卖点，并在广告中强调这一点。 (2)The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. [句式分析]　本句的主干为The fact does not mean that...emotions，其中，that they do not experience emotions是宾语从句，作mean的宾语。that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another 为fact的同位语从句，其中as do members of another是状语从句，助动词do位于主语members of another前形成倒装，主语后省略了express their emotions。 [自主翻译]　一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感，这一事实并不意味着他们没有这些情感。 [总结]　有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。学生若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，对句意的理解就会发生偏差。 返 回 达标检测 翻译下列语段，运用尽可能多的长句 我立刻走上前去，来到了他的身边。当他惊讶地抬头看着我时，我看到了一张以前只表现出坚强和善良的脸上的恐惧。我握住他的手。它在颤抖，似乎突然比我记忆中的要虚弱得多。爷爷投到了我的怀里。他的呼吸急促，无声地哭泣着。我一动不动，一言不发。全神贯注于演出，没有人注意到我们坐在那张长凳上，我们似乎坐了几个小时。 Instantly，I went forward and was by his side.And 1.______________________ in surprise，I saw fear on a face 2._________________________ and kindness before.I grasped his hand in mine.It 3.________________ and seemed suddenly much weaker than I remembered.Grandpa sunk into my arms.His breath was quick，and 4.________ __________.I kept perfectly still,5._________________.6.____________________，no one noticed us on that bench as we sat for 7._____________________. 返 回 when he looked up at me that had only shown strength was trembling soundlessly he wept not saying a word Absorbed in the show what seemed like hours $$