专题02 选择性必修第三册Unit4～Unit5（期末复习讲义）高二英语下学期人教版

专题02 选择性必修第三册Unit4~Unit5（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 掌握选择性必修第三册Unit 4~Unit 5 中16个重点词句的用法 复习难点： 掌握选择性必修第三册Unit4 ~Unit 5中2个重点语法知识 1.现在完成进行时 2.定语从句 考情规律 语境运用：侧重在具体语境中的选择，以及短语的搭配（完形填空、语法填空题中）。 知识点1 enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 (1) enthusiasm n. 热情；热忱 (2) enthusiastically adv. 热情地 (3) be enthusiastic about 对……热衷 【写作佳句】 Young people are usually enthusiastic about exploring new fields and challenging themselves. 年轻人往往热衷于探索新领域、挑战自我。 【经典练】 ① The volunteers responded ______ (enthusiastic) to the public welfare activity. ② His endless ______ (enthusiastic) for academic research won respect from all teachers. ③ Almost every citizen is enthusiastic ______ the upcoming cultural festival. 【答案】1. enthusiastically 2. enthusiasm 3. about 知识点2 abandon v. 抛弃；放弃 n. 放任 (1) abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；废弃的 (2) abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 【写作佳句】 A determined person will never abandon his goals even when facing huge obstacles. 意志坚定的人即便面对巨大阻碍，也绝不会放弃自己的目标。 【经典练】 ① Many explorers had to ______ (abandon) their journey due to extreme natural conditions. ② People discovered an ______ (abandon) factory hidden deep in the mountain area. ③ He regretted ______ (abandon) pursuing his artistic dream in his youth. 【答案】1. abandon 2. abandoned 3. abandoning 知识点3 belong v. 属于；应归入 (1) belongings n. 财物；随身物品（常用复数） (2) belong to 属于（无被动语态、无进行时态） 【写作佳句】 These precious historical relics belong to the whole nation and must be well protected. 这些珍贵的历史文物属于全体国民，必须妥善保护。 【经典练】 ① This precious painting does not ______ (belong) to any private collector. ② Before leaving the hotel, please check your personal ______ (belong) carefully. ③ The ancient castle ______ (belong) to a noble family hundreds of years ago. 【答案】1. belong 2. belongings 3. belonged 知识点4 selfish adj. 自私的 (1) selfishness n. 自私 (2) selfless adj. 无私的（反义词） 【写作佳句】 Those who always think only of themselves will be regarded as selfish in collective life. 在集体生活中，凡事只考虑自己的人会被认为是自私的。 【经典练】 ① His ______ (selfish) made him lose many sincere friends around him. ② A truly noble person is always ______ (self) and ready to help others. ③ It is ______ (selfish) to take all the advantages for yourself. 【答案】1. selfishness 2. selfless 3. selfish 知识点5 perseverance n. 毅力；坚韧不拔 (1) persevere v. 坚持；锲而不舍 (2) persevere in 坚持…… 【写作佳句】 Success in long-term study largely depends on diligence and strong perseverance. 长期学习取得成功，很大程度上取决于勤奋与顽强的毅力。 【经典练】 ① If you ______ (perseverance) in your efforts, you will finally realize your dream. ② His remarkable ______ (persevere) helped him get through countless hard times. ③ We should persevere ______ our ideals no matter what happens. 【答案】1. persevere 2. perseverance 3. in 知识点6 resolve v. 决心；解决 n. 决心 (1) resolution n. 决心；决议 (2) resolve to do sth. 决心做某事 (3) resolve a problem 解决问题 【写作佳句】 We must work together to resolve the difficult problems existing in daily management. 我们必须携手合作，解决日常管理中存在的难题。 【经典练】 ① She made a firm ______ (resolve) to improve her weak subjects this term. ② All the members ______ (resolution) to stick to the original team rules. ③ It took us a long time ______ (resolve) the conflict between the two sides. 【答案】1. resolution 2. resolved 3. to resolve 知识点7 fortune n. 运气；财富；命运 (1) fortunate adj. 幸运的 (2) fortunately adv. 幸运地 (3) make a fortune 发财 【写作佳句】 One’s life is shaped not only by fortune but also by personal efforts and choices. 人生不仅受命运影响，更取决于个人的努力与选择。 【经典练】 ① ______ (fortune), no one was seriously injured in the sudden accident. ② We are ______ (fortune) to have such experienced teachers guiding us. ③ Many businessmen hope to make a ______ (fortunate) in the coastal cities. 【答案】1. Fortunately 2. fortunate 3. fortune 知识点8 recreation n. 娱乐；消遣 (1) recreate v. 消遣；娱乐；再现 (2) recreational adj. 娱乐的；消遣的 【写作佳句】 Proper recreation can relieve pressure and improve learning efficiency for students. 适度的消遣娱乐能够帮助学生缓解压力，提升学习效率。 【经典练】 ① The school has built many ______ (recreation) facilities for teachers and students. ② People choose different ways to ______ (recreation) after busy work. ② Outdoor activities are popular forms of ______ (recreate) among young people. 【答案】1. recreational 2. recreate 3. recreation 知识点9 guidance n. 指导；引导 (1) guide v. 指导；引导 n. 导游；指南 (2) under the guidance of 在……的指导下 【写作佳句】 Under the professional guidance of teachers, students have made rapid progress. 在老师们的专业指导下，同学们取得了飞速的进步。 【经典练】 ① The experienced tutor ______ (guidance) many students into key universities. ② We finished the tough task ______ (guide) by the senior manager. ③ Teenagers need correct ______ (guide) when facing various temptations. 【答案】1. guided 2. guided 3. guidance 知识点10 advertise v. 做广告；宣传 (1) advertisement n. 广告 (2) advertising n. 广告业；广告宣传 【写作佳句】 Many brands choose to advertise on social media to attract more young customers. 许多品牌选择在社交媒体上做宣传，以此吸引更多年轻消费者。 【经典练】 ① We saw a creative ______ (advertise) on the street yesterday morning. ② The company spends a lot of money on ______ (advertise) every year. ③ They plan ______ (advertise) their new products on TV next month. 【答案】1. advertisement 2. advertising 3. to advertise 知识点11 give off 发出（气味、光、热等） (1) 近义短语：give out 发出（声音、气味）；分发 (2) 常见搭配：give off smoke/light/smell 冒烟/发光/散发气味 【写作佳句】 The chemical material will give off harmful gas when exposed to high temperature. 这种化学物质在高温环境下会释放出有害气体。 知识点12 commitment n. 承诺；投入；奉献 (1) commit v. 承诺；致力于；犯（错） (2) commit oneself to 致力于；承诺 【写作佳句】 Long-term career success requires continuous effort and sincere commitment. 长久的事业成功离不开持续的付出与真诚的坚守。 【经典练】 ① He ______ (commit) himself to public welfare work in the past ten years. ② Everyone should keep their ______ (commit) to the team and stick to the goal. ③ She is fully ______ (commit) to her teaching career. 【答案】1. has committed 2. commitment 3. committed 知识点13 recite v. 背诵；朗诵 (1) recitation n. 背诵；朗诵 (2) recite poems/texts 背诵诗歌/课文 【写作佳句】 It is a traditional practice for students to recite classic ancient poems in morning reading. 早读时背诵经典古诗词是学生们的传统学习方式。 【经典练】 ① Her wonderful ______ (recite) won warm applause from all the audience. ② The little girl can ______ (recitation) dozens of ancient poems fluently. ③ He spent half an hour ______ (recite) the long article every morning. 【答案】1. recitation 2. recite 3. reciting 知识点14 be made up of 由……组成 (1) 同义短语：consist of 由……组成（无被动） (2) make up 组成；编造；化妆 【写作佳句】 This research group is made up of experts from different professional fields. 这个研究小组由来自不同专业领域的专家组成。 【经典练】 ① The basketball team ______ (make) up of ten excellent players. ② These small parts ______ (make) up the whole big machine. 【答案】1. is made 2. make 知识点15 respective adj. 分别的；各自的 (1) respectively adv. 分别地；各自地 【写作佳句】 The two brothers returned to their respective hometowns after graduating from college. 兄弟二人大学毕业后，回到了各自的家乡。 【经典练】 ① The two teams got first and second prize ______ (respective). ② Everyone went back to their ______ (respectively) classrooms after class. 【答案】1. respectively 2. respective 知识点16 correspond v. 符合；对应；通信 (1) correspondence n. 通信；往来；一致 (2) correspond to 相当于；符合 (3) correspond with 与……通信；与……一致 【写作佳句】 Your practical actions should correspond to the promises you have made in public. 你的实际行动应当与你当众许下的承诺保持一致。 【经典练】 ① We have kept in ______ (correspond) with each other for many years. ② His words do not correspond ______ the facts we have known. ③ These marks ______ (correspond) to different levels of ability. 【答案】1. correspondence 2. with 3. correspond 知识点17 现在完成进行时 一、意义 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。 二、构成 肯定形式：have/has＋been doing(第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have) I have been waiting for you.我一直在等你。 否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing He hasn't been using the car for the last two months.过去两个月他一直没用车。 三、用法 1．表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。 It has been snowing for three hours. 雪已经下了三个小时了。(从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下) 2．表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。 Her eyes are red. It's obvious that she has been crying for a long time. 她的眼睛红红的，显然哭了很长时间。 3．强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。 She has always been working hard.她工作一直很努力。 4．表示这段时间反复发生的事情。 I have been visiting some cities of China this month.这个月我一直在参观中国的一些城市。 [名师点津] 不能用于进行时的动词如表示心理活动、属性拥有、表象感官、行为结果的动词不用于现在完成进行时。 我已经感冒两周了。 I have been having a cold for two weeks. (×) I have had a cold for two weeks. (√) 例1．These surgeons (operate) an operation since 2 p.m. and they will need another three hours to finish it. 2．I (wrestle) with the tough maths problem for hours, but I haven’t worked it out. 3．China (change) rapidly itself; all the while it has also shaped my view of the world. 4．It (trend) on social media platforms over the past two years as videos of the dance got millions of views online. 5．Jack, you (find) the career that suits your talents. I’m so proud of you. 知识点18 定语从句 用法归纳  一、定语从句以及相关术语 ★定义：定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句。 ★先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。通常情况下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。 ★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。也可以称作引导词。 ①关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as，在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。 ②关系副词：when，where，why在从句内作状语。 ★分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。  二、定语从句的关系词(引导词)用法 （一）关系代词：who、whom、which、that、whose、as 关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 who 人 主语、宾语、表语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人/物 定语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 as 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 （二）关系副词：where, when, why 关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why 表示原因的名词(reason) 原因状语 特别提醒 下列情况只用that不用which： ①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词； ②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰； ③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词； ④先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰； ⑤先行词中既有人也有物； ⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。 例1．Mary, brother is a doctor, wants to study medicine. 2．He failed the exam, was not surprising. 3．The dictionary, my mother bought for me, is very useful. 4．The small town, I was born, has become a tourist attraction. 5．Beethoven, composed many famous works, is a great musician. 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 单句语法填空 1．His (commit) has been unquestioned. 2．Many companies spend a lot of money on (advertise) to promote their products. 3．Tom’s (resolve) to practise long-distance running lasted two days. 4．Under the (guide) of the Three-Year Action Plan for TCM Industry Development, the county has rolled out a series of policies to support the industry, from special funding to a full supply chain system. 5．The system (undergo) updates for the past three months. 6．I am not only full of enthusiasm but also easy to get along with, which makes me (qualify) for the work. 7． (fortunate), I didn’t get that job. I was really upset. 8．He (study) for three hours. I really hope he can take a break soon. 9． (persevere) and courage will carry you through even the darkest days. 10．I (envy) him being energetic and it seemed that he never felt exhausted. 11．There is nothing (worry) about; everything is ready for the celebration. 12．The old tradition was (abandon) many years ago. 13．This traditional craft has many practical (apply) in daily life. 14．It is the third time that you (come) to our school. 15．The wind (roar) outside the classroom for an hour, but the students are still focused on English listening. 16．Is your business and life often full of challenges and (adversity)? 17．The firm I wanted to use had prior (commitment). 18．Every (challenge) who steps onto the stage, no matter what the result is, has already shown great courage in facing the difficulties. 19．They (pray) to God that their long-lost son will soon reunite with them. 20．This graceful dialogue, which (flow) from brushed fingertips and travelling for thousands of years, is continuing to this day.   21．He wants to express his deep (sympathetic) to the family. 22．These two masterpieces display mortal sorrow and natural peace (respect) in elegant poetic lines. 23．Many prejudiced students (tease) her for her plain appearance and unusual hobbies since adolescence. 24．Alice is a social activist committed to removing poverty and (race) discrimination existing in the modern era. 25．Despite the evidence against him, the man continued to declare his (innocent). 26．The listening exercise is designed to improve students’ oral (comprehend) of complex instructions. 27．The sofa’s (mood) lighting, comfortable temperature, and white noise from the TV or phone help create a calming environment. 28．Her interest in (literature) classics led her to study ancient Greek and Roman works. 29．The instructions for making mooncakes are easy (follow). 30．The (correspond) between the ancient text and modern practices is striking. 31．A traditional New Year’s dinner usually (consist) of eight or nine dishes. 32．The traditional dance (convey) the story of the harvest season. 33．Soccer performances are (please) to the eyes. 34．He (empty) the computer’s memory yesterday. 35．Many families are not trapped in poverty, but in a subtle situation emotional communication gradually fades amid busy daily routines. (用适当的词填空) 36．We are in the era there are great opportunities for those who are competent. (用适当的词填空) 37．Each builds a body of knowledge content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related. (用适当的词填空) 38．This is a special occasion many families will gather together to celebrate. (用适当的词填空) 39．There are many occasions in the school the students feel embarrassed. (用适当的词填空) 40．The museum collection features over 2,000 artifacts will launch a special exhibition next month. (用适当的词填空) 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 完成句子 41．从昨晚开始就一直在下雪。 It has ________ ________ since last night. 42．The flowers in the garden ________ ________ a sweet smell in spring. 春天花园里的花朵散发出甜美的香气。 43．He was very sad because the famous company ________ ________ ________. 他非常难过，因为那家知名公司拒绝了他。 44．我从青少年时期起就一直依靠自己。 I ________ ________ ________ on myself since I was a teenager. 45．这部英语电影，预计将在周五下午2点在学校大厅放映。 The English film________ ________ ________ ________ ________at 2 pm on Friday at the school hall. 46．I ________ ________ ________ some cities of China this month. 这个月我一直在访问中国的一些城市。 47．我必须做的第一件事是完成作业。 The first _____________ _____________ I must do is finish my homework. 48．这个团队由五名成员组成。 The team is _____________ _____________ of five members. 49．The grandmother still remembers every ________ ________ her mother sang to her as a child. 祖母仍然记得她母亲在她小时候给她唱的每一首童谣。 50．她选择用冰淇淋和悲伤的电影来淹没她的悲伤，她知道这只是一个暂时的解决办法。 She chose to ________ ________ ________ ________ ice cream and sad movies, knowing it was only a temporary fix. 51．杰克那时没有信心和勇气，这就是他放弃那个计划的原因。 Jack had no confidence and courage at that time. That was the reason _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________. 52．你昨天告诉我的秘密我不会告诉任何人。 I ________ ________ ________ the secret you told me yesterday. 53．有所有这么多引人入胜的东西，难怪哪里有迪斯尼乐园，哪里的旅游业就会兴旺。 With all these attractions, _________ ________ tourism is increasing ___________ there is a Disneyland. 54．这就是我喜爱迪士尼乐园的原因。 This is the reason why I _____________ _____________ ____________ Disneyland. 55．在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成不同的形式，因为这是一段人们居住地域分隔的时期，导致了不同方言和汉字变体的产生。 Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. 56．这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于她已经坚持练习两年了。 The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano ______ ______ ______ she has kept practicing for two years. 57．不管他跟我开什么玩笑，我都不生气。 I am not angry with him, _______ _______ ______ jokes he ______ on me. 58．这是一个许多人失业并艰难谋生的时期。 This was a time ____________ many people were out of work and had difficulty __________ ___________ __________. 59．你知道他们讨论的事和人吗? Do you know the things and persons ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 60．有一些情况此规则不适用。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________this rule does not hold good. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） （1） （25-26高二下·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Introduction to The Nanjing Photography Studio The Nanjing Photography Studio, whose English name is “Dead to Rights”, is an 1 (extreme) powerful and profound film, set against the brutal (凶残的) background of the 1937 Nanjing Massacre, when the Japanese invaders brought great suffering to the people in Nanjing. 2 (direct) by Shen Ao, it stars a cast of talented actors including Liu Haoran, Wang Chuanjun, Gao Ye, and Wang Xiao. Since its nationwide release on July 25th, it 3 (achieve) remarkable results, not only garnering high box office earnings but also receiving high scores on Douban. 4 impressed the audience most is the character of Su Liuchang, played by Liu Haoran. At first, he was just trying to survive, but after 5 (see) the inhumane crimes of the Japanese army in the photos they asked him to develop, he gradually found his courage and decided to fight 6 the invaders to expose the truth. Movies like this are of great significance. They make history more vivid and accessible, allowing people to have a 7 (deep) understanding of the past. They also remind us to cherish peace and never forget the sacrifices of our predecessors. Through the true restoration and vivid interpretation of history, the film makes the audience deeply feel the 8 (cruel) and heaviness of the painful history of the Nanjing Massacre, and also shows 9 great power of ordinary people’s resistance in desperate situations It is not just a movie, 10 a serious history lesson, constantly reminding people to remember history and cherish peace. （2） （25-26高二下·江西南昌·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 About fifty years ago, the excavation (发掘) of the Mawangdui Han Tombs in China 1 (send) shock waves through the archaeological community and beyond. Among the 2 (amaze) finds was Lady Xin Zhui, the “Sleeping Beauty”, 3 2,100-year-old body remained 4 (incredible) well-preserved, as if frozen in time since her death at around age 50 during the Western Han Dynasty. The discovery of Lady Xin Zhui is 5 great significance. Her well-preserved body has been a subject of extensive medical research, 6 (provide) clues about ancient embalming (防腐处理) techniques. The Mawangdui site has also provided invaluable insights into ancient Chinese civilization. Many valuable 7 (object) were discovered, from fine silk showing the era’s weaving (编织) skills to silk texts. The medical texts 8 (find) at Mawangdui, some of the earliest traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) writings, have greatly influenced how we understand ancient medicine and still guide modern TCM. Recognized as one of 9 20th century’s most important archaeological discoveries, Mawangdui has drawn global attention 10 deepened the world’s understanding of ancient Chinese culture. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 选择性必修第三册Unit4~Unit5（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 掌握选择性必修第三册Unit 4~Unit 5 中16个重点词句的用法 复习难点： 掌握选择性必修第三册Unit4 ~Unit 5中2个重点语法知识 1.现在完成进行时 2.定语从句 考情规律 语境运用：侧重在具体语境中的选择，以及短语的搭配（完形填空、语法填空题中）。 知识点1 enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 (1) enthusiasm n. 热情；热忱 (2) enthusiastically adv. 热情地 (3) be enthusiastic about 对……热衷 【写作佳句】 Young people are usually enthusiastic about exploring new fields and challenging themselves. 年轻人往往热衷于探索新领域、挑战自我。 【经典练】 ① The volunteers responded ______ (enthusiastic) to the public welfare activity. ② His endless ______ (enthusiastic) for academic research won respect from all teachers. ③ Almost every citizen is enthusiastic ______ the upcoming cultural festival. 【答案】1. enthusiastically 2. enthusiasm 3. about 知识点2 abandon v. 抛弃；放弃 n. 放任 (1) abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；废弃的 (2) abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 【写作佳句】 A determined person will never abandon his goals even when facing huge obstacles. 意志坚定的人即便面对巨大阻碍，也绝不会放弃自己的目标。 【经典练】 ① Many explorers had to ______ (abandon) their journey due to extreme natural conditions. ② People discovered an ______ (abandon) factory hidden deep in the mountain area. ③ He regretted ______ (abandon) pursuing his artistic dream in his youth. 【答案】1. abandon 2. abandoned 3. abandoning 知识点3 belong v. 属于；应归入 (1) belongings n. 财物；随身物品（常用复数） (2) belong to 属于（无被动语态、无进行时态） 【写作佳句】 These precious historical relics belong to the whole nation and must be well protected. 这些珍贵的历史文物属于全体国民，必须妥善保护。 【经典练】 ① This precious painting does not ______ (belong) to any private collector. ② Before leaving the hotel, please check your personal ______ (belong) carefully. ③ The ancient castle ______ (belong) to a noble family hundreds of years ago. 【答案】1. belong 2. belongings 3. belonged 知识点4 selfish adj. 自私的 (1) selfishness n. 自私 (2) selfless adj. 无私的（反义词） 【写作佳句】 Those who always think only of themselves will be regarded as selfish in collective life. 在集体生活中，凡事只考虑自己的人会被认为是自私的。 【经典练】 ① His ______ (selfish) made him lose many sincere friends around him. ② A truly noble person is always ______ (self) and ready to help others. ③ It is ______ (selfish) to take all the advantages for yourself. 【答案】1. selfishness 2. selfless 3. selfish 知识点5 perseverance n. 毅力；坚韧不拔 (1) persevere v. 坚持；锲而不舍 (2) persevere in 坚持…… 【写作佳句】 Success in long-term study largely depends on diligence and strong perseverance. 长期学习取得成功，很大程度上取决于勤奋与顽强的毅力。 【经典练】 ① If you ______ (perseverance) in your efforts, you will finally realize your dream. ② His remarkable ______ (persevere) helped him get through countless hard times. ③ We should persevere ______ our ideals no matter what happens. 【答案】1. persevere 2. perseverance 3. in 知识点6 resolve v. 决心；解决 n. 决心 (1) resolution n. 决心；决议 (2) resolve to do sth. 决心做某事 (3) resolve a problem 解决问题 【写作佳句】 We must work together to resolve the difficult problems existing in daily management. 我们必须携手合作，解决日常管理中存在的难题。 【经典练】 ① She made a firm ______ (resolve) to improve her weak subjects this term. ② All the members ______ (resolution) to stick to the original team rules. ③ It took us a long time ______ (resolve) the conflict between the two sides. 【答案】1. resolution 2. resolved 3. to resolve 知识点7 fortune n. 运气；财富；命运 (1) fortunate adj. 幸运的 (2) fortunately adv. 幸运地 (3) make a fortune 发财 【写作佳句】 One’s life is shaped not only by fortune but also by personal efforts and choices. 人生不仅受命运影响，更取决于个人的努力与选择。 【经典练】 ① ______ (fortune), no one was seriously injured in the sudden accident. ② We are ______ (fortune) to have such experienced teachers guiding us. ③ Many businessmen hope to make a ______ (fortunate) in the coastal cities. 【答案】1. Fortunately 2. fortunate 3. fortune 知识点8 recreation n. 娱乐；消遣 (1) recreate v. 消遣；娱乐；再现 (2) recreational adj. 娱乐的；消遣的 【写作佳句】 Proper recreation can relieve pressure and improve learning efficiency for students. 适度的消遣娱乐能够帮助学生缓解压力，提升学习效率。 【经典练】 ① The school has built many ______ (recreation) facilities for teachers and students. ② People choose different ways to ______ (recreation) after busy work. ② Outdoor activities are popular forms of ______ (recreate) among young people. 【答案】1. recreational 2. recreate 3. recreation 知识点9 guidance n. 指导；引导 (1) guide v. 指导；引导 n. 导游；指南 (2) under the guidance of 在……的指导下 【写作佳句】 Under the professional guidance of teachers, students have made rapid progress. 在老师们的专业指导下，同学们取得了飞速的进步。 【经典练】 ① The experienced tutor ______ (guidance) many students into key universities. ② We finished the tough task ______ (guide) by the senior manager. ③ Teenagers need correct ______ (guide) when facing various temptations. 【答案】1. guided 2. guided 3. guidance 知识点10 advertise v. 做广告；宣传 (1) advertisement n. 广告 (2) advertising n. 广告业；广告宣传 【写作佳句】 Many brands choose to advertise on social media to attract more young customers. 许多品牌选择在社交媒体上做宣传，以此吸引更多年轻消费者。 【经典练】 ① We saw a creative ______ (advertise) on the street yesterday morning. ② The company spends a lot of money on ______ (advertise) every year. ③ They plan ______ (advertise) their new products on TV next month. 【答案】1. advertisement 2. advertising 3. to advertise 知识点11 give off 发出（气味、光、热等） (1) 近义短语：give out 发出（声音、气味）；分发 (2) 常见搭配：give off smoke/light/smell 冒烟/发光/散发气味 【写作佳句】 The chemical material will give off harmful gas when exposed to high temperature. 这种化学物质在高温环境下会释放出有害气体。 知识点12 commitment n. 承诺；投入；奉献 (1) commit v. 承诺；致力于；犯（错） (2) commit oneself to 致力于；承诺 【写作佳句】 Long-term career success requires continuous effort and sincere commitment. 长久的事业成功离不开持续的付出与真诚的坚守。 【经典练】 ① He ______ (commit) himself to public welfare work in the past ten years. ② Everyone should keep their ______ (commit) to the team and stick to the goal. ③ She is fully ______ (commit) to her teaching career. 【答案】1. has committed 2. commitment 3. committed 知识点13 recite v. 背诵；朗诵 (1) recitation n. 背诵；朗诵 (2) recite poems/texts 背诵诗歌/课文 【写作佳句】 It is a traditional practice for students to recite classic ancient poems in morning reading. 早读时背诵经典古诗词是学生们的传统学习方式。 【经典练】 ① Her wonderful ______ (recite) won warm applause from all the audience. ② The little girl can ______ (recitation) dozens of ancient poems fluently. ③ He spent half an hour ______ (recite) the long article every morning. 【答案】1. recitation 2. recite 3. reciting 知识点14 be made up of 由……组成 (1) 同义短语：consist of 由……组成（无被动） (2) make up 组成；编造；化妆 【写作佳句】 This research group is made up of experts from different professional fields. 这个研究小组由来自不同专业领域的专家组成。 【经典练】 ① The basketball team ______ (make) up of ten excellent players. ② These small parts ______ (make) up the whole big machine. 【答案】1. is made 2. make 知识点15 respective adj. 分别的；各自的 (1) respectively adv. 分别地；各自地 【写作佳句】 The two brothers returned to their respective hometowns after graduating from college. 兄弟二人大学毕业后，回到了各自的家乡。 【经典练】 ① The two teams got first and second prize ______ (respective). ② Everyone went back to their ______ (respectively) classrooms after class. 【答案】1. respectively 2. respective 知识点16 correspond v. 符合；对应；通信 (1) correspondence n. 通信；往来；一致 (2) correspond to 相当于；符合 (3) correspond with 与……通信；与……一致 【写作佳句】 Your practical actions should correspond to the promises you have made in public. 你的实际行动应当与你当众许下的承诺保持一致。 【经典练】 ① We have kept in ______ (correspond) with each other for many years. ② His words do not correspond ______ the facts we have known. ③ These marks ______ (correspond) to different levels of ability. 【答案】1. correspondence 2. with 3. correspond 知识点17 现在完成进行时 一、意义 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。 二、构成 肯定形式：have/has＋been doing(第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have) I have been waiting for you.我一直在等你。 否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing He hasn't been using the car for the last two months.过去两个月他一直没用车。 三、用法 1．表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。 It has been snowing for three hours. 雪已经下了三个小时了。(从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下) 2．表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。 Her eyes are red. It's obvious that she has been crying for a long time. 她的眼睛红红的，显然哭了很长时间。 3．强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。 She has always been working hard.她工作一直很努力。 4．表示这段时间反复发生的事情。 I have been visiting some cities of China this month.这个月我一直在参观中国的一些城市。 [名师点津] 不能用于进行时的动词如表示心理活动、属性拥有、表象感官、行为结果的动词不用于现在完成进行时。 我已经感冒两周了。 I have been having a cold for two weeks. (×) I have had a cold for two weeks. (√) 例1．These surgeons (operate) an operation since 2 p.m. and they will need another three hours to finish it. 【答案】have been operating 【详解】考查时态。句意：这些外科医生从下午2点开始一直在做手术，他们还需要三个小时才能完成。根据since 2 p.m.和another three hours可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，而且还要继续下去的动作或状态，主语These surgeons是复数，助动词用have。故填have been operating。 2．I (wrestle) with the tough maths problem for hours, but I haven’t worked it out. 【答案】have been wrestling 【详解】考查时态。句意：我已经苦苦钻研这道很难的数学题好几个小时了，但还是没解出来。根据for hours和I haven’t worked it out可知，此处表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，并将持续下去，应用现在完成进行时，主语是I，助动词用have。故填have been wrestling。 3．China (change) rapidly itself; all the while it has also shaped my view of the world. 【答案】has been changing 【详解】考查时态。句意：中国自身一直在快速变化；与此同时，它也塑造了我的世界观。根据语境“一直在变化”可知表示过去的动作持续到现在，并且还可能继续下去，此处需用现在完成进行时；主语China为单数，助动词用has。故填has been changing。 4．It (trend) on social media platforms over the past two years as videos of the dance got millions of views online. 【答案】has been trending 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的两年里，随着这段舞蹈的视频在网上获得了数百万的浏览量，它在社交媒体平台上成为了热门话题。trend“倾向，趋势”，空处作句子的谓语，根据时间状语over the past two years可知，此处表示动作从过去持续到现在，并将继续持续下去，应用现在完成进行时，主语It是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been trending。 5．Jack, you (find) the career that suits your talents. I’m so proud of you. 【答案】have found 【详解】考查时态。句意：杰克，你找到了适合你才能的职业。我为你感到骄傲。根据“I’m so proud of you.”可知，说话者表达的是对杰克已完成动作的肯定和赞赏，因此空处谓语动词应用现在完成时，主语you是第二人称，find的现在完成式应用have found。故填have found。 知识点18 定语从句 用法归纳  一、定语从句以及相关术语 ★定义：定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句。 ★先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。通常情况下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。 ★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。也可以称作引导词。 ①关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as，在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。 ②关系副词：when，where，why在从句内作状语。 ★分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。  二、定语从句的关系词(引导词)用法 （一）关系代词：who、whom、which、that、whose、as 关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 who 人 主语、宾语、表语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人/物 定语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 as 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 （二）关系副词：where, when, why 关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why 表示原因的名词(reason) 原因状语 特别提醒 下列情况只用that不用which： ①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词； ②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰； ③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词； ④先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰； ⑤先行词中既有人也有物； ⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。 例1．Mary, brother is a doctor, wants to study medicine. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：玛丽的哥哥是一名医生，她自己想要学医。先行词Mary指人，且定语从句中需要修饰名词brother，表示所属关系，关系代词whose可以引导该定语从句。故填whose。 2．He failed the exam, was not surprising. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他考试不及格，这并不奇怪。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面整个主句的内容，因此用which引导定语从句，故填which。 3．The dictionary, my mother bought for me, is very useful. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这本我妈妈买给我的词典非常有用。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词the dictionary指物，在从句中作宾语，所以此处关系代词which引导。故填which。 4．The small town, I was born, has become a tourist attraction. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我出生的那个小镇，如今已经成了一个旅游景点。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词the small town表示地点，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，关系副词where可以引导该定语从句。故填where。 5．Beethoven, composed many famous works, is a great musician. 【答案】who 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：贝多芬创作了许多著名的作品，他是一位伟大的音乐家。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Beethoven指人，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词who。故填who。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 单句语法填空 1．His (commit) has been unquestioned. 【答案】commitment 【详解】句意：他的奉献毋庸置疑。空处作主语，且被his修饰，提示词的名词形式commitment“奉献”符合，不可数。 2．Many companies spend a lot of money on (advertise) to promote their products. 【答案】advertising 【详解】句意：许多公司花大量资金做广告来推广产品。此处介词 on后需接动名词作宾语，advertise 是动词，其动名词形式为 advertising。 3．Tom’s (resolve) to practise long-distance running lasted two days. 【答案】resolution 【详解】句意：汤姆坚持长跑的决心只维持了两天。空处作主语，需填名词resolution。 4．Under the (guide) of the Three-Year Action Plan for TCM Industry Development, the county has rolled out a series of policies to support the industry, from special funding to a full supply chain system. 【答案】guidance 【详解】句意：在中医药产业发展三年行动计划的引领下，该县出台了一系列扶持政策，涵盖专项资金到完整供应链体系等各方面。空前为定冠词the，此处为名词形式，guidance“指导”，构成固定搭配：under the guidance of“在……的指导下”，符合语境。 5．The system (undergo) updates for the past three months. 【答案】has been undergoing/has undergone 【详解】句意：这个系统本身在过去三个月里已经经历了多次更新/这套系统在过去三个月里一直在进行更新。结合时间状语for the past three months可知，句子可用现在完成时have/has done，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响；也可用现在完成进行时have/has been doing，强调动作从过去持续到现在，且可能继续下去。主语the system为第三人称单数，助动词用has。 6．I am not only full of enthusiasm but also easy to get along with, which makes me (qualify) for the work. 【答案】qualified 【详解】句意：我不仅充满热情，而且性格开朗，容易与人相处，这些都使我非常适合这份工作。此处作宾补，表示“有资格的”用形容词qualified。 7． (fortunate), I didn’t get that job. I was really upset. 【答案】Unfortunately 【详解】句意：不幸的是，我没有得到那份工作，我心里十分难过。此处为副词置于句首作状语修饰整个句子，fortunate是形容词，其副词为fortunately，意为“幸运地”，结合“I didn’t get that job”可知，此处表示“不幸地”为fortunately的反义词unfortunately，位于句首，首字母需大写。 8．He (study) for three hours. I really hope he can take a break soon. 【答案】has been studying 【详解】句意：他已经学习三个小时了。我真希望他能尽快休息一下。此空考查谓语动词，主语He与study为主动关系，时间状语for three hours是现在完成进行时的标志，强调动作从过去持续到现在且仍在进行，主语He为单数，所以应填has been studying。 9． (persevere) and courage will carry you through even the darkest days. 【答案】Perseverance 【详解】句意：毅力与勇气会带你熬过最黑暗的时光。此处与courage并列作主语，应用名词形式；括号词persevere是动词，其名词形式为perseverance，首字母大写。 10．I (envy) him being energetic and it seemed that he never felt exhausted. 【答案】envied 【详解】句意：我羡慕他精力充沛，而且他似乎从不感到疲惫。设空处为谓语，and连接两个并列分句，后一分句谓语动词为seemed，是一般过去时，前句时态应保持一致，envy也要用一般过去时。 11．There is nothing (worry) about; everything is ready for the celebration. 【答案】to worry 【详解】考查不定式。句意：没什么可担心的；庆祝活动的一切准备工作都已就绪。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，此处应该用不定式表将来，作后置定语。 12．The old tradition was (abandon) many years ago. 【答案】abandoned 【详解】句意：这项古老的传统在多年前就已被废弃。分析可知，所填动词作句子的谓语动词，且句子主语“The old tradition(古老的传统)”与动词“abandon(抛弃、废弃)”之间是被动关系，结合空前“was”，这里应是一般过去时被动语态结构：was done。动词用过去分词形式. 13．This traditional craft has many practical (apply) in daily life. 【答案】applications 【详解】考查名词。句意：这种传统工艺在日常生活中有着诸多实际用途。practical是形容词，修饰名词，此处表示“实际的用途”，空格处意为“用途，应用”，名词是application，空前有many，空格处用复数。 14．It is the third time that you (come) to our school. 【答案】have come 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是你第三次来我们学校了。分析句子结构可知，这里考查固定句型It is the third time that sb. have/has done sth.，其中that从句中谓语必须用现在完成时；主语是you，助动词用have。故填have come。 15．The wind (roar) outside the classroom for an hour, but the students are still focused on English listening. 【答案】has been roaring 【详解】考查时态。句意：风在教室外呼啸了一个小时，但学生们仍然专注于英语听力。根据for an hour以及the students are still focused on English listening可知，此处表示过去某一动作持续到现在，可能还要继续下去，应使用现在完成进行时，其结构为have/has been doing，主语是The wind，助动词用has。故填has been roaring。 16．Is your business and life often full of challenges and (adversity)? 【答案】adversities 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：你的事业和生活是否经常充满挑战与逆境？本空与challenges并列，作full of的宾语，用名词adversity“逆境，不幸”，表泛指“各类逆境”，用复数形式adversities 。故填adversities。 17．The firm I wanted to use had prior (commitment). 【答案】commitments 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：我选择的那家公司有优先承诺。，设空处应填名词作宾语，commitment 为可数名词，此处表示 “先前的承诺”，没有特指一个，应用复数形式泛指。故填 commitments。 18．Every (challenge) who steps onto the stage, no matter what the result is, has already shown great courage in facing the difficulties. 【答案】challenger 【详解】考查名词。句意：每一个登上舞台的挑战者，无论结果如何，都已经展现了面对困难时的极大勇气。who steps onto the stage是who引导的定语从句修饰主语Every________，who引导定语从句时要修饰表示“人”的名词或代词，括号给的是表示“挑战”的动词，要将其变为表示“人”的名词challenger (挑战者)，由于every要修饰单数可数名词，故填challenger。 19．They (pray) to God that their long-lost son will soon reunite with them. 【答案】have been praying 【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：他们一直向神明祈祷，希望他们失散已久的儿子将早日与他们团聚。本句是含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句用了一般将来时，因此主句要用现在范畴的时态。本句语境暗含“他们一直在祈祷儿子回来”，可推断祈祷这个动作反复发生，而且还会持续下去。符合这种语境的时态是现在完成进行时，由“have/has been+V-ing”构成，主语they是复数代词，助动词用have，pray直接加-ing即可。故填have been praying。 20．This graceful dialogue, which (flow) from brushed fingertips and travelling for thousands of years, is continuing to this day.   【答案】has been flowing 【详解】考查时态。句意：这一段从指尖流淌，并传播了数千年的优雅对话，一直持续到今天。flow(流淌)作定语从句中谓语，与主语which(即先行词This graceful dialogue)之间是主动关系，根据时间状语“for thousands of years”可知，“流淌”这一动作从过去一直持续到现在，应用现在完成进行时，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填has been flowing。 21．He wants to express his deep (sympathetic) to the family. 【答案】sympathy 【详解】句意：他想向这个家庭表达他深深的同情。express one’s sympathy表示“表达某人的同情” ，在句中sympathy作express的宾语。 22．These two masterpieces display mortal sorrow and natural peace (respect) in elegant poetic lines. 【答案】respectively 【详解】句意：这两部杰作分别以优雅的诗句展现了人世的悲伤与自然的宁静。此处需要填入一个词修饰前面的动词短语“display mortal sorrow and natural peace”，所给词respect的副词形式为respectively，表示“分别地，各自地”。 23．Many prejudiced students (tease) her for her plain appearance and unusual hobbies since adolescence. 【答案】have teased 【详解】句意：许多有偏见的学生自青春期以来就因她朴素的外表和不寻常的爱好而取笑她。since 是现在完成时的标志词，时态应用现在完成时，主语“Many prejudiced students”为复数，且和谓语tease构成主动关系，因此用have done 的形式。 24．Alice is a social activist committed to removing poverty and (race) discrimination existing in the modern era. 【答案】racial 【详解】句意：爱丽丝是一位社会活动家，致力于消除现代社会存在的贫困和种族歧视。race的形容词形式racial意为“种族的”，在句中作定语，修饰discrimination。 25．Despite the evidence against him, the man continued to declare his (innocent). 【答案】innocence 【详解】句意：尽管有对他不利的证据，这个人仍继续宣称自己的清白。名词innocence在句中作declare的宾语。 26．The listening exercise is designed to improve students’ oral (comprehend) of complex instructions. 【答案】comprehension 【详解】句意：这个听力练习旨在提高学生对复杂指令的口头理解能力。oral是形容词，修饰名词，comprehend的名词是comprehension，意为“理解”，作宾语，是不可数名词。 27．The sofa’s (mood) lighting, comfortable temperature, and white noise from the TV or phone help create a calming environment. 【答案】mood 【详解】句意：沙发的情境照明、舒适的温度以及电视或手机发出的白噪音有助于营造一个宁静的环境。空处需用名词作定语修饰名词lighting；mood的名词为mood“气氛，情绪”，此处mood lighting表示沙发的情境照明。 28．Her interest in (literature) classics led her to study ancient Greek and Roman works. 【答案】literary 【详解】句意：她对文学经典的兴趣促使她研究古希腊和古罗马的作品。literature意为“文学”，这里需要用形容词形式literary来修饰名词classics”（经典作品），literary在句中作定语。 29．The instructions for making mooncakes are easy (follow). 【答案】to follow 【详解】句意：制作月饼的说明很容易遵循。在“主语 + be + 形容词 + 不定式”的固定结构中，当主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，用不定式的主动形式表被动。该句中主语instructions是follow的逻辑宾语，故直接用不定式to follow。 30．The (correspond) between the ancient text and modern practices is striking. 【答案】correspondence 【详解】句意：古代文献与现代实践之间的对应关系令人惊叹。根据空格前定冠词The及空后is可知，空处需接单数名词作句子主语，所给词correspond为动词，意为“相一致、相符合”，其对应的名词形式为correspondence，表示“对应”。 31．A traditional New Year’s dinner usually (consist) of eight or nine dishes. 【答案】consists 【详解】句意：传统的年夜饭通常由八到九道菜组成。此句描述的是一般性事实，用一般现在时。consist of表示“由……组成”，主语A traditional New Year’s dinner为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式consists。 32．The traditional dance (convey) the story of the harvest season. 【答案】conveys 【详解】句意：这支传统舞蹈传达着丰收时节的故事。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为The traditional dance，是单数名词短语，谓语动词需要使用第三人称单数形式，所给词convey第三人称单数形式为conveys。 33．Soccer performances are (please) to the eyes. 【答案】pleasing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：足球比赛的表演赏心悦目。根据空前are可知，空处需用形容词作表语，修饰物用pleasing，表示“令人愉快的，赏心悦目的”。故填pleasing。 34．He (empty) the computer’s memory yesterday. 【答案】emptied 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他昨天清空了电脑的内存。根据“yesterday”可知，动作发生在过去，此空应是一般过去时emptied。故填emptied。 35．Many families are not trapped in poverty, but in a subtle situation emotional communication gradually fades amid busy daily routines. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】句意：许多家庭并未陷入贫困，而是陷入一种微妙处境，日常琐事缠身，情感交流日渐淡化。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词situation在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。 36．We are in the era there are great opportunities for those who are competent. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】句意：我们处在一个对于有能力的人来说有大量机会的时代。先行词为era，在限制性定语从句“____ there are great opportunities for those who are competent”中作时间状语，即“在这个时代有大量机会”，所以用关系副词when引导定语从句。 37．Each builds a body of knowledge content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：每一个都构建了一个知识体系，其内容由描述事实、趋势和观察如何相互关联的一般法则、原理和概括组成。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a body of knowledge，与从句主语content构成所属关系，用关系代词whose。 38．This is a special occasion many families will gather together to celebrate. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】句意：这是一个许多家庭会聚在一起庆祝的特殊时刻。空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词occasion是抽象地点，因此空格处用关系副词where引导定语从句。 39．There are many occasions in the school the students feel embarrassed. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when/where 【详解】句意：在学校有很多学生感到尴尬的时候/在学校有很多学生感到尴尬的场合。先行词occasions在此处意为“时候”，表时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when；还可以表示“场合”，关系词作地点状语，关系副词用where。 40．The museum collection features over 2,000 artifacts will launch a special exhibition next month. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：这座藏品有2000多件文物的博物馆将于下月举办一场特展。定语从句修饰先行词museum，在从句作定语，故用whose引导。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 完成句子 41．从昨晚开始就一直在下雪。 It has ________ ________ since last night. 【答案】 been snowing 【详解】since last night表示从昨晚开始一直持续到现在的时间段，强调动作从过去开始一直持续到现在且可能还在进行，符合现在完成进行时的用法，其结构为“have/has been + 现在分词”，snow的现在分词是snowing。 42．The flowers in the garden ________ ________ a sweet smell in spring. 春天花园里的花朵散发出甜美的香气。 【答案】 give off 【详解】句意：春天花园里的花朵散发出甜美的香气。“散发出”是give off，由in spring可知，时态是一般现在时，并且和主语The flowers是主动关系，空格处用原形give off。 43．He was very sad because the famous company ________ ________ ________. 他非常难过，因为那家知名公司拒绝了他。 【答案】 turned him down 【详解】表示“拒绝了他”可用 turn him down，由主句He was very sad中的was可知，从句动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；turn down 为“动词+副词”型短语，代词him需置于turn与down之间，在句中作谓语。 44．我从青少年时期起就一直依靠自己。 I ________ ________ ________ on myself since I was a teenager. 【答案】 have been relying / depending 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“一直依靠（自己）”。“依靠”可表达为rely on或depend on。由“since I was a teenager”可知，此处应使用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，主语为I，谓语动词用have。 45．这部英语电影，预计将在周五下午2点在学校大厅放映。 The English film________ ________ ________ ________ ________at 2 pm on Friday at the school hall. 【答案】 is due to be shown 【详解】考查短语和时态。此处表示“预计……”短语为be due to do sth.；表示“放映”应用动词show，且与film构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语用单数。故填is due to be shown。 46．I ________ ________ ________ some cities of China this month. 这个月我一直在访问中国的一些城市。 【答案】 have been visiting 【详解】考查动词时态。表示“访问”应用动词visit，结合this month可知，表示过去发生的动作持续不间断，应用现在完成进行时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填①have；②been；③visiting。 47．我必须做的第一件事是完成作业。 The first _____________ _____________ I must do is finish my homework. 【答案】 thing that 【详解】表示“第一件事情”用the first thing，“I must do”是修饰thing的定语从句，从句缺宾语，且先行词thing被the first修饰，只能用关系代词that引导从句。 48．这个团队由五名成员组成。 The team is _____________ _____________ of five members. 【答案】 made up 【详解】be made up of...是固定短语，意为“由……组成”。 49．The grandmother still remembers every ________ ________ her mother sang to her as a child. 祖母仍然记得她母亲在她小时候给她唱的每一首童谣。 【答案】 nursery rhyme 【详解】“童谣”对应的英文是nursery rhyme，every后接名词单数。 50．她选择用冰淇淋和悲伤的电影来淹没她的悲伤，她知道这只是一个暂时的解决办法。 She chose to ________ ________ ________ ________ ice cream and sad movies, knowing it was only a temporary fix. 【答案】 drown her sadness/sorrows in 【详解】考查动词和名词。表示“用……来淹没”用动词短语drown...in...，不定式符号to后接drown的原形，宾语“她的悲伤”用her sadness/sorrows。故填drown；her；sadness/sorrows；in。 51．杰克那时没有信心和勇气，这就是他放弃那个计划的原因。 Jack had no confidence and courage at that time. That was the reason _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________. 【答案】 why he gave up the plan 【详解】考查定语从句、时态和动词短语。分析句子结构可知，设空处为定语从句，用来修饰先行词reason，作原因状语，由关系副词why引导；结合汉语提示，从句主语应使用代词he；“放弃”应使用动词短语give up，时态为一般过去时，应使用过去式，为gave up；“那个计划”应使用名词the plan。故填why he gave up the plan。 52．你昨天告诉我的秘密我不会告诉任何人。 I ________ ________ ________ the secret you told me yesterday. 【答案】 won't tell anyone 【详解】考查谓语动词和时态。根据句子分析可知，I为主语，the secret为宾语，you told me yesterday是the secret的定语从句。此空为谓语动词，表示“不会告诉任何人”，用一般将来时，表示以后不会告诉别人，“告诉某人某事”表达为tell sb. sth.，故填won't tell anyone。 【点睛】 53．有所有这么多引人入胜的东西，难怪哪里有迪斯尼乐园，哪里的旅游业就会兴旺。 With all these attractions, _________ ________ tourism is increasing ___________ there is a Disneyland. 【答案】 no wonder wherever 【详解】考查固定短语和让步状语从句。表示“难怪”应用短语no wonder；表示“无论哪里”应用wherever，引导让步状语从句。故填①no；②wonder；③wherever 54．这就是我喜爱迪士尼乐园的原因。 This is the reason why I _____________ _____________ ____________ Disneyland. 【答案】 am attracted to 【详解】考查固定短语及时态。根据句意可知，此处是短语：be attracted to“被吸引到”，句子描述的是目前的状态，应使用一般现在时。故填(1). am；(2). attracted；(3). to。 55．在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成不同的形式，因为这是一段人们居住地域分隔的时期，导致了不同方言和汉字变体的产生。 Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. 【答案】 it/this/that was a time when 【详解】考查定语从句。结合句意表示“这是一段……的时期”句型为it/this/that be a time when…，when引导定语从句，根据主句谓语动词developed可知为一般过去时。故填①it/this/that；②was；③a；④time；⑤when。 56．这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于她已经坚持练习两年了。 The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano ______ ______ ______ she has kept practicing for two years. 【答案】 so much that 【详解】考查结果状语从句。结合句意可知，“如此……以致于”应用“so...that”，“很、非常”应用“much”，故填①so ②much ③that。 57．不管他跟我开什么玩笑，我都不生气。 I am not angry with him, _______ _______ ______ jokes he ______ on me. 【答案】 no matter what plays 【详解】考查连词和谓语。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查让步状语从句的连词，表示“无论什么”的意思，用no matter what来表示；在让步状语从句中，谓语是表示“开玩笑”的意思的动词play，是将来的动作，要用一般现在时代替将来时，主语是he，谓语要用第三人称单数形式。故填①no②matter③what④plays。 58．这是一个许多人失业并艰难谋生的时期。 This was a time ____________ many people were out of work and had difficulty __________ ___________ __________. 【答案】 when earning their living 【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。第一空定语从句修饰先行词time，先行词在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导；第二空表示“谋生”可知短语为earn one's living，且上文为短语have difficulty doing sth.。故填①when；②earning；③their；④living。 59．你知道他们讨论的事和人吗? Do you know the things and persons ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 that they are talking about 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词 the things and persons。当先行词中既有人又有物时，引导词用that。表示“谈论”用talk about，时从句描述的是正在发生的是，故使用现在进行时。故填that they are talking about。 60．有一些情况此规则不适用。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________this rule does not hold good. 【答案】 There are some cases where 【详解】考查动词和定语从句。分析句子，设空处为句子主语，“this rule does not hold good”是定语从句，缺少关系词，句子表述的是客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“有”应该用there be句型；表示“一些情况”应用some cases；表示“在这些情况中”应该使用where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词some cases，引导词在从句中作地点状语。设空处置于句首，开头单词首字母要大写。故填There are some cases where。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） （1） （25-26高二下·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Introduction to The Nanjing Photography Studio The Nanjing Photography Studio, whose English name is “Dead to Rights”, is an 1 (extreme) powerful and profound film, set against the brutal (凶残的) background of the 1937 Nanjing Massacre, when the Japanese invaders brought great suffering to the people in Nanjing. 2 (direct) by Shen Ao, it stars a cast of talented actors including Liu Haoran, Wang Chuanjun, Gao Ye, and Wang Xiao. Since its nationwide release on July 25th, it 3 (achieve) remarkable results, not only garnering high box office earnings but also receiving high scores on Douban. 4 impressed the audience most is the character of Su Liuchang, played by Liu Haoran. At first, he was just trying to survive, but after 5 (see) the inhumane crimes of the Japanese army in the photos they asked him to develop, he gradually found his courage and decided to fight 6 the invaders to expose the truth. Movies like this are of great significance. They make history more vivid and accessible, allowing people to have a 7 (deep) understanding of the past. They also remind us to cherish peace and never forget the sacrifices of our predecessors. Through the true restoration and vivid interpretation of history, the film makes the audience deeply feel the 8 (cruel) and heaviness of the painful history of the Nanjing Massacre, and also shows 9 great power of ordinary people’s resistance in desperate situations It is not just a movie, 10 a serious history lesson, constantly reminding people to remember history and cherish peace. 【答案】 1．extremely 2．Directed 3．has achieved 4．What 5．seeing 6．against 7．deeper 8．cruelty 9．the 10．but 【导语】主要介绍电影《南京照相馆》的故事背景、主创阵容、上映反响、核心人物形象以及影片承载的铭记历史、珍爱和平的深刻意义。 1．考查副词。句意：英文名为《Dead to Rights》的《南京照相馆》是一部极具力量且内涵深刻的影片，故事设定在1937年南京大屠杀这一残酷背景之下，在那时日本侵略者给南京人民带来了巨大的苦难。此处用来修饰形容词powerful，需用副词作状语，extreme的副词形式为extremely意为“极其”。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这部影片由申奥执导，刘昊然、王传君、高叶、王骁等一众实力派演员参演。此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语it与direct之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词directed，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Directed。 3．考查动词时态。句意：该片自七月二十五日全国上映以来，已经取得了不俗的成绩，不仅收获高额票房，还斩获豆瓣高分。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语Since its nationwide release可知，此处要用现在完成时，主语it是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has achieved。 4．考查主语从句。句意：最让观众印象深刻的便是由刘昊然饰演的‌苏柳昌这一角色。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代事物内容，所以用连接词what，位于句首，首字母需大写。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：起初他只求安稳活下去，在目睹日军让他冲洗的照片里那些惨无人道的罪行后，他渐渐鼓起勇气，决心反抗侵略者并揭露真相。此处介词after后接动名词形式作宾语，所以此处为seeing。 6．考查介词。句意：起初他只求安稳活下去，在目睹日军让他冲洗的照片里那些惨无人道的罪行后，他渐渐鼓起勇气，决心反抗侵略者并揭露真相。固定搭配fight against意为“反抗”，所以此处为介词against。 7．考查形容词比较级。句意：这类影片让历史变得生动易懂，让人们对过往拥有更为深刻的认知。由前面的more可知，此处暗含对比含义，需用形容词比较级，deep的比较级为deeper。 8．考查名词。句意：通过对历史的准确还原和生动诠释，这部影片让观众深切地感受到了南京大屠杀那段痛苦历史的残酷与沉重，同时也展现了在绝境中普通民众的顽强抗争所展现出的巨大力量。定冠词the后接名词作宾语，cruel对应的名词形式为cruelty意为“残酷”。 9．考查冠词。句意：通过对历史的准确还原和生动诠释，这部影片让观众深切地感受到了南京大屠杀那段痛苦历史的残酷与沉重，同时也展现了在绝境中普通民众的顽强抗争所展现出的巨大力量。power后有后置定语修饰，此处特指普通人反抗的力量，所以用定冠词the。 10．考查连词。句意：它不只是一部电影，更是一堂庄重的历史课，时刻提醒人们铭记历史、珍爱和平。固定搭配not just...but...意为“不仅……而且……”，所以此处为连词but。 （2） （25-26高二下·江西南昌·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 About fifty years ago, the excavation (发掘) of the Mawangdui Han Tombs in China 1 (send) shock waves through the archaeological community and beyond. Among the 2 (amaze) finds was Lady Xin Zhui, the “Sleeping Beauty”, 3 2,100-year-old body remained 4 (incredible) well-preserved, as if frozen in time since her death at around age 50 during the Western Han Dynasty. The discovery of Lady Xin Zhui is 5 great significance. Her well-preserved body has been a subject of extensive medical research, 6 (provide) clues about ancient embalming (防腐处理) techniques. The Mawangdui site has also provided invaluable insights into ancient Chinese civilization. Many valuable 7 (object) were discovered, from fine silk showing the era’s weaving (编织) skills to silk texts. The medical texts 8 (find) at Mawangdui, some of the earliest traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) writings, have greatly influenced how we understand ancient medicine and still guide modern TCM. Recognized as one of 9 20th century’s most important archaeological discoveries, Mawangdui has drawn global attention 10 deepened the world’s understanding of ancient Chinese culture. 【答案】 1．sent 2．amazing 3．whose 4．incredibly 5．of 6．providing 7．objects 8．found 9．the 10．and 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了五十年前马王堆汉墓发掘轰动学界，辛追夫人完好遗体极具医学研究价值。墓中出土诸多文物与医书，助力研究古文明与中医，也让世界深入了解古汉文化。 1．考查动词时态。句意：大约五十年前，中国马王堆汉墓的发掘在考古界乃至更广泛的范围内引起了轰动。时间状语“About fifty years ago”表明用一般过去时，send的过去式为 sent。 2．考查形容词。句意：其中最令人惊叹的发现之一便是辛追夫人，这位“沉睡的美女”，她那 2100 年前的遗体依然保存得极为完好，仿佛自去世以来就一直被时间冻结一般，当时她大约在 50 岁时死于西汉时期。修饰名词 finds（发现物），用形容词 amazing 表示“令人惊叹的”。 3．考查定语从句。句意：其中最令人惊叹的发现之一便是辛追夫人，这位“沉睡的美女”，她那 2100 年前的遗体依然保存得极为完好，仿佛自去世以来就一直被时间冻结一般，当时她大约在 50 岁时死于西汉时期。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Lady Xin Zhui，在从句中作定语修饰body，用关系代词whose。 4．考查副词。句意：其中最令人惊叹的发现之一便是辛追夫人，这位“沉睡的美女”，她那 2100 年前的遗体依然保存得极为完好，仿佛自去世以来就一直被时间冻结一般，当时她大约在 50 岁时死于西汉时期。由副词修饰形容词可知，此处修饰形容词well-preserved，用副词incredibly表示“难以置信地”。 5．考查介词。句意：辛追夫人的发现意义重大。此处为固定搭配“be of + 抽象名词”，相当于“be + 形容词”，be of great significance 意为“具有重大意义”。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：她保存完好的遗体成为了广泛医学研究的对象，为了解古代的防腐技术提供了线索。此处为非谓语动词作状语，主语Her well-preserved body与 provide是主动关系，用现在分词providing。 7．考查名词复数形式。句意：许多珍贵的物品被发现，从展示那个时代织布技艺的精美丝绸到丝绸文献。此处为名词作主语成分，many后接可数名词复数，object的复数形式为objects。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：马王堆出土的医学文本，是最早的中国传统医学（TCM）著作之一，极大地影响了我们对古代医学的理解，并至今仍指导着现代中医。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰medical texts，texts与 find是被动关系，用过去分词 found。 9．考查冠词。句意：马王堆被公认为是 20 世纪最重要的考古发现之一，吸引了全球的关注，并加深了世界对古代中国文化的理解。序数词20th和形容词最高级 most important 前需加定冠词the。 10．考查连词。句意：马王堆被公认为是 20 世纪最重要的考古发现之一，吸引了全球的关注，并加深了世界对古代中国文化的理解。此处连接两个并列的谓语动词has drawn 和 (has) deepened，表并列关系，用连词and。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $