专题01 动词（时态、语态与主谓一致考点全解析）（暑假复习讲义）新高一英语译林版

专题01 动词时态、语态与主谓一致考点全解析 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 一般时态（一般现在时、一般过去时） 考点二 进行时态（现在进行时、过去进行时） 考点三 完成时态（现在完成时、过去完成时） 考点四 将来时态（一般将来时、过去将来时） 考点五 被动语态（掌握被动语态的各个形式） 考点六 主谓一致（了解主谓一致三大原则） ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一 一般时态（一般现在时、一般过去时） （一）一般现在时 【知识精讲】 一般现在时的用法 ①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often, always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等表示频度的副词和时间状语连用。 例如：I often take a bus to school．我经常坐公共汽车去上学。 ②表示客观事实或普遍真理。 例如：Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。 ③当主句为一般将来时时，在以if, as soon as, until, when等引导的时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。 【主将从现】 例如：When I grow up, l will go to America.当我长大后，我会去美国。 If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.如果明天不下雨，我们就去动物园。 注意：和if用法相同的连词可以进行补充：until, as soon as, unless(if... not), when, after, before等。 但注意when,after, before双重身份的词，并不是看到上面三个词就用主将从现。 ④在某些以here，there开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。（了解） 例如：There goes the bell. 铃响了。 与一般现在时连用的时间状语 ①表示频度的副词always, often, usually, sometimes等。 ②on Sunday, on Monday afternoon, every year等时间状语。 ③once a year, twice a month, three times a week之类的时间状语。 【典例破题】 1. If this __________ (go) on, the wild animals will soon have nowhere to live. 2. Chinese Language Day ________ on April 20th of every year, the same day with Guyu. (fall) 【巩固提升】 一、单项选择 1．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Now students ________ more time to do free time activities such as playing sports after the “double reduction” policy (双减政策).             —I agree with you. A．give B．are given C．gave D．are giving 2．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）The Three Gorges Dam_________ electricity for millions of people every year. A．produce B．produces C．produced D．has produced 3．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Every year, thousands of people ________ Fragrant Hills Park. A．went to B．go to C．will go D．have gone 4．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—What did the physics teacher say, Jim? —He told us that light _________ faster than sound. A．is travelling B．will travel C．travelled D．travels 5．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Janet ________ her grandparents every month. She loves them very much. A．has visited B．was visiting C．will visit D．visits 6．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）The teacher together with most of her students ________ to school every day. A．are walking B．walk C．walks D．walked 7．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）She always ________ her keys on the table when she comes home. A．lays B．lies C．laid D．lain 8．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）We’ll go for a picnic if it ________ this Friday. A．won’t rain B．isn’t raining C．doesn’t rain D．don’t rain 9．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）The man is very kind. We always ________ him as our teacher. A．treatment B．treat C．treated D．treats 10．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）My mother ________ English at a middle school. She is a good teacher. A．teach B．teaches C．teaching D．to teach （二）一般过去时 【知识精讲】 一般过去时的用法 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 【注意】 1) 过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达，例 如： I used to go fishing on Sundays. 1. “used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如：This river used to be clean. 判断标志: 过去时间状语或过去经常性的时间状语.如：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night (week, month, year, spring…) an hour /three years ago, once, once upon a time=long, long ago, 5 days later, the other day， in 1988，before liberation, just now，以及由when, before, after, until等引导的状语从句表示过去的时间状语。 【典例破题】 1. Last week Suzy __________（借）the four great classical Chinese novels from Henry. 2.—Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? —Well, I a test and I'm waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take 【巩固提升】 1．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）I ________ up ________ late this morning that I was late for school again. A．have got; such B．got; such C．have gotten; so D．got; so 2．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Have you read this novel? —Yes, I ________ it several days ago. A．read B．has read C．had read D．reads 3．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）I went to Hainan last year, and I ________ there for three months. A．has stayed B．had stayed C．stayed D．was staying 4．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）My brother has worked as a doctor since he ________ university. A．has left B．is leaving C．leaves D．left 5．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Last Sunday, I ________ two hours on a delightful city walk. A．spend B．spent C．spending D．will spend 6．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Look at the sign “No Smoking” on the wall. —Oh, I’m sorry. I ________ it. A．don’t notice B．won’t notice C．haven’t noticed D．didn’t notice 7．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Where is Lily? —She ________ to the supermarket five minutes ago. A．goes B．went C．is D．has gone 8．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）She ________ fishing with her grandpa every weekend when she was a kid. A．goes B．went C．has gone D．is going 9．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Where did you go last summer vacation, Alice? —My family and I ________ to Kunming. A．went B．are going C．will go D．have gone 10．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）I ________ a message to my friend last week, but she hasn’t replied yet. A．sent B．send C．am sending D．will send 考点二 进行时态（现在进行时、过去进行时） （一）现在进行时 【知识精讲】 现在进行时的用法 (1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。 (2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。 e.g. The students are working on the farm these days. 学生们这些天一直在农场劳动。 注意：关于现在进行时要注意其概念中的两点“此时此刻（now）”与“现阶段（these days）”。 (3)用现在进行时表示将来。 常用这种结构的动词有：go, come, leave, stay, start, begin等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。 e.g. We are leaving for Shanghai.我们就要动身去上海了。 The bus is coming soon.公共汽车就快来了。 (4)当时间状语为now, these days 等或当句子中含有look, listen, can you see, can’t you see之类的暗示词时，要用现在进行时 【注意】下列这些动词一般不能用现在进行时 ①表示感觉的动词，如see, hear等 ②表示喜欢或厌恶的动词，如like, love, hate等；表示希望的动词，如want, would like等 ③表示状态的动词，如be等 ④表示归属的动词，如have等 ⑤表示思维，知识或理解能力的动词，如know, think, forget等 【典例破题】 1. Sorry, buddy. I __________ (drive) at the moment. Can I call you back later? 2. —I'm not finished with my dinner yet. —But our friends for us. A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting 【巩固提升】 1．—Listen! Who ________ in the music room? —It must be Lily. She enjoys singing when she ________ free. A．is singing; was B．is singing; is C．sings; was D．sings; is 2．—Could you please help me to solve this physics problem? —How about ten minutes later? I ________ on my science project right now. A．work B．worked C．am working D．have worked 3．Listen! Grandpa __________ in the living room now. A．is singing B．was singing C．will sing D．sings 4．—Where is your father? —He ________ his car in the garage. A．repairs B．repaired C．is repairing D．will repair 5．—Sam, let’s do the cleaning together. —Just a minute. I ________ my homework, almost finished. A．did B．am doing C．will do D．have done 6．—Why are you so noisy? —Sorry, we ________ the play for the talent show. A．practice B．practiced C．will practice D．are practicing 7．—Let’s play football with David. How about calling him? —David ________ for tomorrow’s competition at home. Please don’t trouble him. A．prepares B．is preparing C．has prepared D．prepared 8．—Are you busy these days?     —Yes, I ________ on my geography project. A．work B．am working C．was working D．will work 9．Our foreign teacher ________ for Shanghai on Friday. Shall we go to see him off at the airport? A．left B．was leaving C．has left D．is leaving 10．John ________ dinner at the Young Restaurant at 5 o’clock last Friday. A．has B．had C．is having D．was having （二）过去进行时 【知识精讲】 过去进行时的用法： ①表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如：Millie was cleaning her bedroom at 8 p.m. yesterday. 昨晚八点钟的时候米莉在打扫她的卧室。②表示在过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。 例如：We were working on the farm those days. 那些天我们正在农场上劳动。 ③表示过去某一动作发生时，另一动作也在同时进行。 例如：They were making notes while we were reading.我们看书的时候他们正在记笔记。 ④表示过去不断重复的动作。 例如：When he worked here, John was always making mistakes. 约翰在这儿工作时总是犯错。 ⑤ go, come, leave, arrive, start等动词其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。 【注意】含有when或while引导的时间状语从句中过去进行时的运用 ①主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，主句用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。 例如：He was watching TV when the phone rang. ②从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。 例如：Jim came in while Kate was watching TV.  在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。 ③若主句、从句动作开始时间不存在先后关系（即同时发生）或无所谓先后时，主从句可同时使用过去进行时，此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。 例如：They were making notes while we were reading. 我们看书的时候他们正在记笔记。 【典例破题】 1. While he ____53____ (wait) for Sand, he wrote Prelude no.15. 2. —Peter, what were you doing at this time last night? —I ________ chess with my grandfather. A. play B. was playing C. am playing D. played 【巩固提升】 1．—Did you hear the song just now? —No, I didn’t. I ________ to music on headphones. A．am listening B．have listened C．was listening D．will listen 2．My sister and I ________ TV at home at this time yesterday. A．watch B．are watching C．will watch D．were watching 3．—Why didn’t you watch the final of the football match last night, John? —Well, I ________ the history project with my friends at that time. A．discuss B．discussed C．am discussing D．was discussing 4．Tony called his mother every week even while he __________ around the world. A．is travelling B．travels C．travelled D．was travelling 5．—Andy, you look so tired! What’s up? —I ________ for my report all night. Luckily, I’ve finished it! A．prepare B．was preparing C．am preparing D．will prepare 6．My parents ________ dinner when I got home yesterday. A．has cooked B．were cooking C．will cook D．cooks 7．When we ________ our soccer match I fell over three times. A．play B．played C．were playing D．have played 8．—Why are you so late today? —Three buses went by without stopping while I ________ at the bus stop. A．am waiting B．waited C．was waiting D．have waited 考点三 完成时态（现在完成时、过去完成时） （一）现在完成时 【知识精讲】 现在完成时的用法 (1)表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在(也许还将持续下去)。表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有:lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years(在过去的几天/年里),since then, up to now, so far(至今)等。如: Mary has been ill since last Sunday.玛丽从上个星期天开始就生病了。 I have lived in Korea for two years.我已经在韩国住两年了。 (2)表示一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响，注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有:already, just(刚刚)，yet, never, before等。如: He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.)他关掉灯了。 The concert has started. ( =The concert is on now.)音乐会开始了。 (3)几个副词在现在完成时中的用法 ①just意为“刚刚”，表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间； e.g. He has just come back from America ②ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词和过去分词之间； e.g. Have you ever been to London?你去过伦敦吗？ 【注意】重点考点have been in+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”；have gone to+地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。）have been to+地点,表示“去过某地”。（人已回）。 Jim has gone to New York with his family.吉姆和他的家人去了纽约。 Have you ever been to New York?你去过纽约吗？ The Greens have been in New York for three years.格林一家在纽约（生活）已有3年了。 Mr Li has been at this school for ten years.李先生在这个学校已有10年了。 The Greens are in Nanjing now. They have been here for half a year. 格林一家现在在南京。他们在这儿已有半年了。 部分非延续性动词(短语)和延续性动词(短语)的转换: 买buy-have 借borrow-keep 结婚get married-be married 参加join-be a member of 离开leave-be away 回来come back-be back 生病fall ill-be ill 死亡die-be dead 关闭turn off-be off 打开turn on-be on 动身leave for-be off to 变成become-be 返回return-be back 开始begin-be on 睡觉go to bed-sleep 来/去come/go-be in/away 入睡go to sleep- be asleep 到达get to/arrive in(at)/reach-be in 如何区别一般过去时和现在完成时? (1)现在完成时表示始于过去，持续到现在这一段时间的动作或状态;而一般过去时却表示在过去发生，并在过去结束的动作或状态。如: John lives in London. He has lived there for seven years.约翰住在伦敦，他在那里住了七年。 (2)选择现在完成时还是一般过去时，常常取决于讲话人头脑中是否有一个尚未结束的隐含时间区。如: Have you seen the film?你已经看过这部电影了吗?(电影还在播放) Did you see the film?你看了这部电影?(电影播放过了) (第一句暗示现在电影正在放映，问话人想了解听话人对电影的看法如何;第二句暗示电影放映过了，与现在无关，问话人只问听话人是否看了电影那个事实。) (3)现在完成时常用于提供新的信息，因此，两人对话时往往先用现在完成时，如果继续谈到具体的事物、时间、地点、方法，须用一般过去时。如: 一Have you watched the football match?你看足球赛了吗? —Yes, I have.是的，我看过了。 —When did you watch it?你什么时候看的? —I watched it yesterday.我昨天看的。 【典例破题】 1.迈克已经承诺会为同学们发书。 Mike ________________________________________________ to his classmates. 2.— My father and I ________ a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years. — Those photos must be your valuable memories. A. have taken B. will take C. take D. were taking 【巩固提升】 1．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Linda ________ writing a new novel already! —Yes! She worked on it for a whole year. The ideas in it are truly amazing. A．finishes B．will finish C．finished D．has finished 2．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Great changes ________ in my hometown since I left here ten years ago. A．have taken place B．took place C．were taking place D．will take place 3．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）The number of Chinese Weibo users ________ 250 million so far. A．has reached B．reached C．will reach D．reach 4．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Our school ________ second-hand books and toys recently. Now, we are ready to send them to some primary schools in poor areas for free. A．collects B．was collecting C．has collected D．will collect 5．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Scientists ________ great progress in the research of computers in the past thirty years. A．make B．made C．will make D．have made 6．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）This book must be great. My sister ________ it five times. A．reads B．read C．has read D．is reading 7．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—How long ________ your parents ________ in Yangzhou? —For more than 20 years. They love this city very much. A．have; lived B．did; live C．do; live D．will; live 8．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—My sister ________ to cook in the last few months. —That’s great. She needn’t order meals online every day. A．learns B．has learned C．was learning D．will learn 9．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）He as well as his sisters ________ Chinese for ten years. A．study B．have studied C．has studied D．studies 10．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Alice _________ a teacher since she graduated from college. A．became B．has become C．was D．has been （二）过去完成时 【知识精讲】 过去完成时的用法 构成：助动词had+ 过去分词. 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用。 We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year. When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes. 判断标志：by the end of last month, by the end of last year, by nine o’clock,等时间 【典例破题】 1．When I got to the station, I found that the train ______. I had to wait for the next one. A．left B．had left C．was leaving D．would leave 2．By the end of last month, the factory ______ 10,000 cars. A．produced B．had produced C．has produced D．produces 【巩固提升】 1．By the time the ambulance arrived, the injured man (lose) a lot of blood. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．She told me she (never see) such a beautiful sunset before. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．When I opened the door, I saw that someone (break) into my house. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．By last summer, they (visit) over 20 countries together. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．I was disappointed to find that all the tickets (sell) out when I got to the cinema.(所给词的适当形式填空) 6．She realized she (make) a terrible mistake only after she had sent the email. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点四 将来时态（一般将来时、过去将来时） （一）一般将来时 【知识精讲】 一般将来时的用法 1. 表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I shall attend the meeting tomorrow. 1. 表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如： He will go to see his mother every Saturdays. 1. 表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语 是第一人称时，常用shall。 I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door? 1. be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近 或将来要作的某事。 I am going to Beijing next week. 1. be + 动词不定式(to do…)。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。 There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. 1. be about + 动词不定式(to do…)，表示即将作某事。 They are about to leave. 判断标志：将来的时间状语如tomorrow, next week(month， year，spring, summer, autumn, winter, Monday…), the day after tomorrow, in the future, soon, some day=one day等。 【典例破题】 1．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Mom, do you know when the supermarket _______ tomorrow? A．opened B．open C．will open D．has opened 【巩固提升】 1．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—What will you do next Saturday, Tina? —I ________ to the nursing home and work as a volunteer there. A．go B．went C．will go D．was going 2．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）How time flies! I ________ a senior high school in September in 2025. A．enter B．entered C．will enter D．have entered 3．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Lucy, Mary called you just now. —Oh, really? Thanks for telling me. I ________ her back later. A．call B．called C．am calling D．will call 4．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Have you been to Shanghai? —Not yet. I ________there with my family. A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone 5．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—The new term is coming. We ________ back to school in a few days. —That’s very exciting. I want to see all my teachers and classmates. A．head B．headed C．have headed D．will head （二）过去将来时 【知识精讲】 过去将来时的用法 由would +动原构成或was(were) going to+动原 构成。过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。 例如： They were going to have a meeting. I told him that I would see him off at the station. 判断标志：the next week, the next year连用 【典例破题】 1.Last Sunday he promised he but he hasn’t arrived until now. (come) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【巩固提升】 一、单项选择 1．The scientist confirmed that his team ______ the experiment by the end of the following month. A．completes B．completed C．would complete D．will complete 2．The sky was dark. It ________ rain. A．will B．was going to C．is about to D．was to 3．I felt a bit nervous as I ______ to give my first public speech. A．will B．was going C．was about D．was to 4．Look at the setting sun! We ______ late for the train if we didn’t hurry up. A．were B．were going to be C．were about to be D．were to be 二、语法填空 5．This morning, I was worried that no one (will) talk to me. But I was wrong. I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．The company still claimed that most people (be) travelling in driverless cars one day soon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点五 被动语态（掌握被动语态的各个形式） 【知识精讲】 被动语态的定义 被动语态是一种动词形式，它强调动作的接受者而不是执行者。在被动语态中，动作的执行者通常不明确或不重要。 被动语态的基本结构 - be 动词 + 过去分词 被动语态的时态 英语中的被动语态可以用于所有时态。以下是一些常见的时态及其被动语态形式： 一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词 例句：The book is read by many students. 一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词 例句：The letter was written by my sister. 现在进行时：am/is/are being + 过去分词 例句：The house is being painted. 过去进行时：was/were being + 过去分词 例句：The book was being read when I entered the room. 现在完成时：have/has been + 过去分词 例句：The work has been done. 过去完成时：had been + 过去分词 例句：The project had been completed before the deadline. 一般将来时：will be + 过去分词 例句：The report will be published next week. 被动语态的否定形式 在被动语态中，否定形式是通过在be动词前加上“not”来构成的。 一般现在时：am not/is not/are not + 过去分词 例句：The book is not read by many students. 一般过去时：was not/were not + 过去分词 例句：The letter was not written by my sister. 被动语态的疑问形式 将be动词提前到主语前，构成被动语态的疑问句。 一般现在时：Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词？ 例句：Is the book read by many students? 一般过去时：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词？ 例句：Was the letter written by my sister? 被动语态的强调形式 有时，为了强调动作的执行者，可以在被动语态中使用“by + 名词”结构。 例句：The letter was written by my sister, not by my brother. 被动语态的省略形式 在某些情况下，尤其是在口语或非正式写作中，可以省略“by + 名词”结构。 例句：The letter was written (by my sister). 被动语态的不可用情况 某些动词，如“have”、“need”、“want”等，通常不用于被动语态。 错误：The book is needed by the students. 正确：The students need the book. 被动语态的转换 将主动语态转换为被动语态时，可以将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语，动词变为相应的be动词形式加上过去分词。 主动语态：The company produces high-quality products. 被动语态：High-quality products are produced by the company. 注意：使用被动语态应注意的几个问题： 1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 　 What will happen in 100 years. 　　 The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 This pen writes well. 　 This new book sells well. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省 略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。 　　 例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something 　　 see somebody do so mething→somebody +be +seen to do something 　　 The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The li ttle boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 1. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 　　 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 　　 He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 1. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 　　 We can't laugh at him. →He can't be laughed at by us. 【典例破题】 1．—Excuse me, can I park in the street? —I’m sorry. You can park on neither side of the street, or you ________. A．fined B．will fine C．were fined D．will be fined 2．Don’t worry. Your package ________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A．kept B．can keep C．could keep D．can be kept 【巩固提升】 一、单项选择 1．The sports meeting ________ every term at this school. A．is holding B．will be held C．is held D．was held 2．Many tea plants ________ on the sides of the mountains every year. A．grow B．are grow C．are grown D．grew 3．—Cindy, are you going to Jeff’s birthday party on Sunday? —Unless I ________. A．will be invited B．am invited C．was inviting D．invited 4．The criminal _________ for his terrible crimes in the 19th century. A．was hanged B．was hung C．hanged D．hung 5．He Jiang ________ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month. A．invites B．invited C．is invited D．was invited 6．—I ________ to go to Australia as an exchange student this morning. —Congratulations! A．told B．am told C．was told D．has told 7．My advice on how to save paper ________ by my class last Monday. A．accepted B．was accepted C．is accepted D．has accepted 8．A new bridge________ in my hometown next year. A．be built B．will build C．is built D．will be built 9．People ________ if they cut down the trees. A．will punish B．will be punished C．were punished D．are punished 10．A new shopping center ________ in our city next year. A．build B．is built C．was built D．will be built 考点六 主谓一致（了解主谓一致三大原则） 【知识精讲】 一、语法一致 语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1. 　单数n.，不可数n.,　不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。 His father is working on the farm. Time is money. To finish all the work on time is impossible. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago. ◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的 并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。 　 What I bought were 3 English books. What I say and do are helpful to you. 1. 由and 或both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。 　 Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are friends. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. ◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。 The writer and artist has come. ◆由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 　 Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it. 1. 主语后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。 Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.　 She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 1. either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 　Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. 　Neither of the texts is interesting. None of us has been to South Africa. 1. 定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。 　He is one of my students who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 1. 集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。 His family is a happy one. 　The whole family are watching TV. 　The population of China is 1400 million.(人口) 　One third of the population here are workers.(人) ◆people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 1. 由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主 语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。 The rest of the lecture is wonderful. A lot of time is wasted. A lot of people take part in the meeting. 2/3 water is drunk by him. 2/3 students are absent. 1. 倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。 　On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. 二、意义一致 1. 表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 　Twenty minutes is enough for the work. One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM. 1. 如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。 　The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book. one and a half ＋复数n.，谓语动词用单数。 　One and a half apples is left on the table. 1. 算是中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除） 1. 表示学科的以-ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。 　Physics is an important subject in middle schools. Mathematics is the study of numbers. Politics, economics, athletics等。 1. 复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。 The glass works was built up in 1980. These glass works are near the railway station. 1. 由两部分组成的名词，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。a pair of等量词时， 视情况而定。 1. The ＋ adj. 表示一类人，作主语时用复数。 　 The young are usually very active. The old are lonely. 三、就近一致 就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 1. 当两个主语由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻 近的主语一致。 Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。 2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个 主语保持一致。 There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。 There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk.  书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。  3. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Here is a map and a handbook for you. 这是一张你的地图和一本手册。 Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。 4. 就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。 主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than， together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。 Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.你姐姐和你父母一样，对我很好。 She，like you and betty，is very clever.像你和betty一样，她也很聪明。  四、需要特别注意的要点 （一）＂名词+介词短语＂作主语 名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。 She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。 He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。 Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。 （二）不定代词作主语 1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。 Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。 Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。 Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。 2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。 Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗? Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。 Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。 （三）特殊名词作主语 1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。 The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名) Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名) 2. ＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。 The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。 The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。 3. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。 The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。 4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。 A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。 Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。 【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。 （四）表数量概念的词或短语作主语 1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。 Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。 100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。 2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。 Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。 Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。 3. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。 Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。 4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。 One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。 One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。 5. the rest of... 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。 The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。 The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。 6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。 None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。 7.＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词复 数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。 A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。 The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 这所学校的学生数量已达到2000多人。 8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。 Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。 （五）动名词、不定式和从句作主语 动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。 Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。 To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。 What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。 【典例破题】 1．There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next weekend. A．is B．will have C．will be 2．The number of the students in our class ________ fifty-four. A．be B．is C．are D．am 【巩固提升】 1．Look! There ________ a notebook and three keys on the desk. A．is B．was C．are D．were 2．There ________ some flowers in my room. I often water them. A．is B．are C．was D．were 3．My mother with her students ________ to volunteer at the old people’s home next week. A．is going B．are going C．goes 4．There ________ no yogurt and no tomatoes on the shopping list. We need to add ________ to the salad. A．is; them B．are; them C．are; it 5．Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country. A．are B．is C．was 6．In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age. A．has; is B．eats; are C．eat; is 7．Look! There ________ some information about traffic rules in this book. A．is B．are C．was 11．There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next weekend. A．is B．will have C．will be 12．The number of the students in our class ________ fifty-four. A．be B．is C．are D．am 8．— What’s your plan for the coming Dragon Boat Festival? — Most of us ______ ready to make zongzi. A．is B．are C．have 9．Not only Jim but also his sister ________ a few cities since they came to China. A．have visited B．has visited C．visited D．visits 10．—Neither Lily nor her parents ________ outdoors when the rainstorm came. —________ lucky they were! A．were; What B．was; How C．were; How 一、单项选择 1．Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 2．—What will you do tomorrow? —I ________ the museum to learn about the local history. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．are visiting 3．Thanks a million, Julie! If it ________, you will be my angel! A．works B．will work C．fails D．will fail 4．The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 5．Oh, you are growing so fast, Paul! Soon you ________ taller than your dad. A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 6．Suzy ________ her bedroom at this time yesterday, so she didn’t go shopping. A．tidies B．tidied C．is tidying D．was tidying 7．Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 8．—Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No, I didn’t. We ________ vegetables in our school garden. A．water B．have watered C．watered D．are going to water 9．Charlie ________ his grandparents every weekend. He loves them very much. A．visits B．was visiting C．will visit D．has visited 10．Mary ________ a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening. A．draws B．was drawing C．is drawing D．will draw 二、单词拼写 11．Happiness and health ________ (cost) nothing, but give much. 12．My family ________ (be) watching TV at this time yesterday. 13．The pair of shoes ________ (look) very nice. 14．Both you and I ________ (be) students. 15．Neither the teacher nor the students ________ (know) the answer to the question. 16．The news ________ (be) very exciting. 17．According to the timetable, the last train G1973 for Shanghai ________ (leave) at 9:50 p.m. 18．Don’t ________ others. You should do things by yourself.(依赖) 19．—Do you know if Millie is aware of the meeting this Friday morning? —I suppose so, but I ______ (remind) her of it when I meet her. 三、选词填空 give    write    see    lose 20．If your experiences are into the songs, your life will be more fun. 21．In the city, people in Hanfu are often in the streets. 22．Many animals are their lives because of human activities. 23．Love animals. You could them a hand when it is necessary. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 动词时态、语态与主谓一致考点全解析 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 一般时态（一般现在时、一般过去时） 考点二 进行时态（现在进行时、过去进行时） 考点三 完成时态（现在完成时、过去完成时） 考点四 将来时态（一般将来时、过去将来时） 考点五 被动语态（掌握被动语态的各个形式） 考点六 主谓一致（了解主谓一致三大原则） ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一 一般时态（一般现在时、一般过去时） （一）一般现在时 【知识精讲】 一般现在时的用法 ①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often, always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等表示频度的副词和时间状语连用。 例如：I often take a bus to school．我经常坐公共汽车去上学。 ②表示客观事实或普遍真理。 例如：Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。 ③当主句为一般将来时时，在以if, as soon as, until, when等引导的时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。 【主将从现】 例如：When I grow up, l will go to America.当我长大后，我会去美国。 If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.如果明天不下雨，我们就去动物园。 注意：和if用法相同的连词可以进行补充：until, as soon as, unless(if... not), when, after, before等。 但注意when,after, before双重身份的词，并不是看到上面三个词就用主将从现。 ④在某些以here，there开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。（了解） 例如：There goes the bell. 铃响了。 与一般现在时连用的时间状语 ①表示频度的副词always, often, usually, sometimes等。 ②on Sunday, on Monday afternoon, every year等时间状语。 ③once a year, twice a month, three times a week之类的时间状语。 【典例破题】 1. If this __________ (go) on, the wild animals will soon have nowhere to live. 【答案】goes 【解析】句意：如果这种情况继续下去，野生动物很快就无处可住了。if引导的条件状语从句遵循主将从现，从句用一般现在时，主语是this，动词用三单形式，故填goes。 2. Chinese Language Day ________ on April 20th of every year, the same day with Guyu. (fall) 【答案】falls 【解析】句意：每年的4月20日是中文日，与谷雨同日。由“every year”可知，时态为一般现在时；主语是“Chinese Language Day”，动词用三单，故填falls。 【巩固提升】 一、单项选择 1．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Now students ________ more time to do free time activities such as playing sports after the “double reduction” policy (双减政策).             —I agree with you. A．give B．are given C．gave D．are giving 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——现在学生们在“双减政策”后被给予更多的时间来进行自由活动，比如做运动。——我同意你的观点。 考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知，主语“students”和谓语“give”之间是被动关系，即学生们被给予时间，所以应该用被动语态；再根据“Now”可知，此处描述的是现在的普遍情况，所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 2．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）The Three Gorges Dam_________ electricity for millions of people every year. A．produce B．produces C．produced D．has produced 【答案】B 【详解】句意：三峡大坝每年为数百万人发电。 考查动词时态。根据“every year”可知，句子描述的是每年都会发生的常规动作，时态应用一般现在时。主语“The Three Gorges Dam”是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词“produce”要用其第三人称单数形式“produces”。故选B。 3．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Every year, thousands of people ________ Fragrant Hills Park. A．went to B．go to C．will go D．have gone 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每年，成千上万的人去香山公园。 考查时态。时间状语every year表示习惯性动作，需用一般现在时。故选B。 4．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—What did the physics teacher say, Jim? —He told us that light _________ faster than sound. A．is travelling B．will travel C．travelled D．travels 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——吉姆，物理老师说了什么？——他告诉我们光比声音传播得快。 考查宾语从句的时态。当宾语从句表述客观真理时，即使主句是过去时，从句也需用一般现在时。“光比声音传播得快”是客观真理，因此从句谓语动词用一般现在时，主语light为第三人称单数，故用travels。故选D。 5．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Janet ________ her grandparents every month. She loves them very much. A．has visited B．was visiting C．will visit D．visits 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Janet每个月都看望她的祖父母。她非常爱他们。 考查时态。根据“every month”可知此处表示习惯性动作，需用一般现在时；主语Janet是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式visits。故选D。 6．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）The teacher together with most of her students ________ to school every day. A．are walking B．walk C．walks D．walked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位老师和她的大多数学生每天步行去学校。 考查主谓一致和时态。根据“every day”可知，该句时态为一般现在时，当“together with”连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与前面的主语保持一致，前面的主语是“The teacher”，为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选C。 7．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）She always ________ her keys on the table when she comes home. A．lays B．lies C．laid D．lain 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她回家时总是把钥匙放在桌子上。   考查动词辨析。lays放置（及物动词），动词单三形式；lies躺（不及物动词）；laid放置，lay的过去式；lain躺，lie的过去分词。根据“...her keys on the table”可知，这里指把钥匙放在桌子上，又根据“when she comes home”可知，该句为一般现在时，主语为She，谓语动词用单三形式，故选A。 8．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）We’ll go for a picnic if it ________ this Friday. A．won’t rain B．isn’t raining C．doesn’t rain D．don’t rain 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果这周五不下雨，我们就去野餐。 考查动词时态。本句为if引导的条件状语从句，根据“主将从现”原则，从句要用一般现在时表示将来，rain“下雨”，动词，且主语是第三人称单数it，否定助动词应用doesn’t 。故选C。 9．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）The man is very kind. We always ________ him as our teacher. A．treatment B．treat C．treated D．treats 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位男士非常友善。我们总是把他当作我们的老师。   考查动词时态及词汇辨析。treatment治疗，名词；treat治疗，动词，三单形式是treats，过去式是treated。根据“always...him”可知，此处时态是一般现在时，表示经常性行为，空处缺少谓语动词。主语we为第一人称复数，动词用原形treat。故选B。 10．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）My mother ________ English at a middle school. She is a good teacher. A．teach B．teaches C．teaching D．to teach 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我母亲在一所中学教英语。她是一位好老师。   考查动词时态和主谓一致。句子描述的是现在的经常性动作，应用一般现在时，主语“My mother”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式。故选B。 （二）一般过去时 【知识精讲】 一般过去时的用法 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 【注意】 1) 过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达，例 如： I used to go fishing on Sundays. 1. “used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如：This river used to be clean. 判断标志: 过去时间状语或过去经常性的时间状语.如：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night (week, month, year, spring…) an hour /three years ago, once, once upon a time=long, long ago, 5 days later, the other day， in 1988，before liberation, just now，以及由when, before, after, until等引导的状语从句表示过去的时间状语。 【典例破题】 1. Last week Suzy __________（借）the four great classical Chinese novels from Henry. 【答案】borrowed 【解析】句意：上周，苏西向亨利借了中国的四大古典小说。“借”应用动词borrow表示，根据“Last week”可知句子应用一般过去时，动词borrow的过去式为borrowed。故填borrowed。 2.—Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? —Well, I a test and I'm waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take 【答案】B 【解析】句意:—Kevin，你看起来有些担心的样子。有什么麻烦的事吗？——嗯，我参加了一个测试，正在等结果呢。根据waiting for the result可知考试已结束了，是完成了的动作，因此排除一般现在时的D项和一般将来时的A项。C项为过去完成时，应该表示过去的过去发生的动作和行为，但本题中并没有这样的时间状语。 【巩固提升】 1．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）I ________ up ________ late this morning that I was late for school again. A．have got; such B．got; such C．have gotten; so D．got; so 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我今天早上起床如此晚，以至于我又迟到了。 考查时态和so/such的用法。so/such...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，其中so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词。“late”在此为副词，应用so修饰；主句描述过去的动作，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式got。故选D。 2．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Have you read this novel? —Yes, I ________ it several days ago. A．read B．has read C．had read D．reads 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你读过这本小说吗？——是的，我几天前就读过了。 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“several days ago”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时。read的过去式就是read。故选A。 3．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）I went to Hainan last year, and I ________ there for three months. A．has stayed B．had stayed C．stayed D．was staying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我去年去了海南，并且在那里待了三个月。 考查一般过去时。根据“I went to Hainan last year, and I…there for three months.”可知，句子为一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；后半部分描述过去持续的状态，应用一般过去时。故选C。 4．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）My brother has worked as a doctor since he ________ university. A．has left B．is leaving C．leaves D．left 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我哥哥自从大学毕业以来就一直当医生。 考查时态。since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选D。 5．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Last Sunday, I ________ two hours on a delightful city walk. A．spend B．spent C．spending D．will spend 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周日，我花了两个小时进行了一次愉快的城市漫步。 考查一般过去时。根据“Last Sunday”可知，事情发生在上周日，应为一般过去时。spend过去式为spent，故选B。 6．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Look at the sign “No Smoking” on the wall. —Oh, I’m sorry. I ________ it. A．don’t notice B．won’t notice C．haven’t noticed D．didn’t notice 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——看墙上的“禁止吸烟”标志。——哦，对不起，我没注意到它。 考查动词时态。根据“I’m sorry”以及选项可知，他之前没注意到“禁止吸烟”的标志，所以用一般过去时，故选D。 7．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Where is Lily? —She ________ to the supermarket five minutes ago. A．goes B．went C．is D．has gone 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——莉莉在哪？——她五分钟前去了超市。 考查动词时态。goes去，用于一般现在时；went去了，用于一般过去时；is是；has gone已经去了，用于现在完成时。根据时间状语“five minutes ago”可知，本句是一般过去时，动词应用一般过去式，“went”符合题意。故选B。 8．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）She ________ fishing with her grandpa every weekend when she was a kid. A．goes B．went C．has gone D．is going 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她小时候每个周末都和她爷爷去钓鱼。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“when she was a kid”可知，动作发生在过去，此处表示过去的习惯性动作，是一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式。故选B。 9．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Where did you go last summer vacation, Alice? —My family and I ________ to Kunming. A．went B．are going C．will go D．have gone 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——爱丽丝，去年暑假你去哪里了？——我和我的家人去了昆明。 考查一般过去时。went过去式，用于一般过去时；are going用于现在进行时；will go用于一般将来时；have gone用于现在完成时。根据“last summer vacation”可知，此处询问过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用go的过去式went。故选A。 10．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）I ________ a message to my friend last week, but she hasn’t replied yet. A．sent B．send C．am sending D．will send 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我上周给朋友发了一条消息，但她还没有回复。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“last week”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时“sent”。故选A。 考点二 进行时态（现在进行时、过去进行时） （一）现在进行时 【知识精讲】 现在进行时的用法 (1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。 (2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。 e.g. The students are working on the farm these days. 学生们这些天一直在农场劳动。 注意：关于现在进行时要注意其概念中的两点“此时此刻（now）”与“现阶段（these days）”。 (3)用现在进行时表示将来。 常用这种结构的动词有：go, come, leave, stay, start, begin等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。 e.g. We are leaving for Shanghai.我们就要动身去上海了。 The bus is coming soon.公共汽车就快来了。 (4)当时间状语为now, these days 等或当句子中含有look, listen, can you see, can’t you see之类的暗示词时，要用现在进行时 【注意】下列这些动词一般不能用现在进行时 ①表示感觉的动词，如see, hear等 ②表示喜欢或厌恶的动词，如like, love, hate等；表示希望的动词，如want, would like等 ③表示状态的动词，如be等 ④表示归属的动词，如have等 ⑤表示思维，知识或理解能力的动词，如know, think, forget等 【典例破题】 1. Sorry, buddy. I __________ (drive) at the moment. Can I call you back later? 【答案】am driving 【解析】句意：对不起，伙计。我现在正在开车。我可以稍后再给你打电话吗？drive“驾驶”，动词。根据“at the moment”可知，时态是现在进行时，主语是第一人称单数I，be动词用am。故填am driving。 2. —I'm not finished with my dinner yet. —But our friends for us. A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——我还没吃完饭呢。——可是咱们的朋友们在等着咱们呢。本题考查现在进行时的用法。分析对话语境可知，虽然说话人还没吃完饭。但是有朋友们等着，也得结束吃饭去会朋友了。因为“没吃完饭(I'm not finished)”是一般现在时，所以“朋友们在等着”应该也是目前正在发生的动作，要用现在进行时表示。 【巩固提升】 1．—Listen! Who ________ in the music room? —It must be Lily. She enjoys singing when she ________ free. A．is singing; was B．is singing; is C．sings; was D．sings; is 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 听！谁在音乐室唱歌？——一定是莉莉。她有空的时候就喜欢唱歌。 考查动词时态辨析。is singing现在进行时结构；sings三单形式；was是is和am的过去式，用于一般过去时；is用于第三人称单数主语，一般现在时。第一空，根据“Listen!”可知，动作正在进行，用现在进行时，结构为“am/is/are+动词-ing”，故填is singing；第二空，“when”引导的时间状语从句，描述经常性、习惯性的动作，用一般现在时，主语“she”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用is，故选B。 2．—Could you please help me to solve this physics problem? —How about ten minutes later? I ________ on my science project right now. A．work B．worked C．am working D．have worked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能帮我解决这个物理问题吗？——十分钟后怎么样？我现在正在做我的科学项目。 考查现在进行时。根据“right now”可知，此处表示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时，结构为am/is/are doing。故选C。 3．Listen! Grandpa __________ in the living room now. A．is singing B．was singing C．will sing D．sings 【答案】A 【详解】句意：听！爷爷现在正在客厅唱歌。 考查现在进行时。根据题干中的“Listen!”和“now”可知，句子描述的是正在发生的动作，需用现在进行时，结构为“am/is/are+ doing”。故选A。 4．—Where is your father? —He ________ his car in the garage. A．repairs B．repaired C．is repairing D．will repair 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你父亲在哪里？——他正在车库里修理他的车。   考查动词时态。问句询问的是现在的情况，答语应表示正在进行的动作。选项中“is repairing”是现在进行时，表示说话时正在发生的动作，符合语境。故选C。 5．—Sam, let’s do the cleaning together. —Just a minute. I ________ my homework, almost finished. A．did B．am doing C．will do D．have done 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——山姆，我们一起打扫卫生吧。——等一下。我正在做作业，就快做完了。 考查动词时态辨析。根据“Just a minute. I...my homework, almost finished.”可知，此处表示此刻正在做作业，还没完成，所以用现在进行时。故选B。 6．—Why are you so noisy? —Sorry, we ________ the play for the talent show. A．practice B．practiced C．will practice D．are practicing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你们为什么这么吵？——抱歉，我们正在为才艺表演排练话剧。 考查动词时态。根据“Why are you so noisy?”可知，吵闹的原因应是因为当时正在进行的动作，所以空处用现在进行时。故选D。 7．—Let’s play football with David. How about calling him? —David ________ for tomorrow’s competition at home. Please don’t trouble him. A．prepares B．is preparing C．has prepared D．prepared 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——让我们和David踢足球吧。给他打个电话怎么样？——David正在家里为明天的比赛做准备。请不要打扰他。 考查时态。根据“for tomorrow’s competition at home. Please don’t trouble him.”可知此处指说话时David正在为明天的比赛做准备，句子用现在进行时be doing。故选B。 8．—Are you busy these days?     —Yes, I ________ on my geography project. A．work B．am working C．was working D．will work 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你这些天忙吗？——是的，我正在做我的地理项目。 考查动词时态辨析。work一般现在时；am working现在进行时；was working过去进行时；will work一般将来时。根据句意可知，回答者表示现阶段一直在忙于某事，可用现在进行时表述。故选B。 9．Our foreign teacher ________ for Shanghai on Friday. Shall we go to see him off at the airport? A．left B．was leaving C．has left D．is leaving 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们的外教星期五动身去上海。我们去机场给他送行好吗？ 考查时态。根据“Shall we go to see him off at the airport?”可知，此句是说将要动身去上海，leave用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，其构成为“am/is/are doing”，故选D。 10．John ________ dinner at the Young Restaurant at 5 o’clock last Friday. A．has B．had C．is having D．was having 【答案】D 【详解】句意：约翰上周五5点在Young Restaurant吃晚餐。 考查动词时态。句子中有“last Friday”和“at 5 o’clock”，表示过去的具体时间点，强调动作在当时正在进行，因此使用过去进行时。故选D。 （二）过去进行时 【知识精讲】 过去进行时的用法： ①表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如：Millie was cleaning her bedroom at 8 p.m. yesterday. 昨晚八点钟的时候米莉在打扫她的卧室。②表示在过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。 例如：We were working on the farm those days. 那些天我们正在农场上劳动。 ③表示过去某一动作发生时，另一动作也在同时进行。 例如：They were making notes while we were reading.我们看书的时候他们正在记笔记。 ④表示过去不断重复的动作。 例如：When he worked here, John was always making mistakes. 约翰在这儿工作时总是犯错。 ⑤ go, come, leave, arrive, start等动词其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。 【注意】含有when或while引导的时间状语从句中过去进行时的运用 ①主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，主句用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。 例如：He was watching TV when the phone rang. ②从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。 例如：Jim came in while Kate was watching TV.  在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。 ③若主句、从句动作开始时间不存在先后关系（即同时发生）或无所谓先后时，主从句可同时使用过去进行时，此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。 例如：They were making notes while we were reading. 我们看书的时候他们正在记笔记。 【典例破题】 1. While he ____53____ (wait) for Sand, he wrote Prelude no.15. 【答案】 53. was waiting 【解析】句意：在等待Sand的时候，他写了《第十五号前奏曲》。wait“等待”，动词。此处是含while引导的时间状语从句的复合句，主句动作发生时，从句动作正在进行，且事情发生在过去，故从句应为过去进行时，主语是第三人称单数，应用be动词was。故填was waiting。 2. —Peter, what were you doing at this time last night? —I ________ chess with my grandfather. A. play B. was playing C. am playing D. played 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——彼得，你昨晚这个时候在做什么？——我在和我的祖父下棋。 考查动词时态。根据“at this time last night”可知，此处指过去的某一时刻正在做的事情，应为过去进行时。故选B。 【巩固提升】 1．—Did you hear the song just now? —No, I didn’t. I ________ to music on headphones. A．am listening B．have listened C．was listening D．will listen 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你刚才听到那首歌了吗？——不，我没有。我当时正戴着耳机听音乐。 考查动词时态。根据问句“Did you hear the song just now?”以及答句“No, I didn’t.”可知，问的是刚才有没有听到歌，回答没听到，原因是当时正在戴着耳机听音乐，表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，要用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were + 现在分词”，主语是I，be动词用was，listen的现在分词是listening，所以用was listening。故选C。 2．My sister and I ________ TV at home at this time yesterday. A．watch B．are watching C．will watch D．were watching 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，我和姐姐正在家看电视。 考查时态。watch观看，一般现在时；are watching正在观看，现在进行时；will watch将要观看，一般将来时；were watching过去正在观看，过去进行时。根据时间状语“at this time yesterday”可知，动作在过去某个具体时间正在进行，时态为过去进行时；主语“My sister and I”是复数，对应的“be”动词用“were”。故选D。 3．—Why didn’t you watch the final of the football match last night, John? —Well, I ________ the history project with my friends at that time. A．discuss B．discussed C．am discussing D．was discussing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——John，你昨晚为什么不看足球的决赛呢？——哦，当时我正在和我的朋友们讨论这个历史课题。 考查时态。discuss讨论，是动词原形；discussed是过去式和过去分词；am discussing是现在进行时；was discussing是过去进行时。根据前句句意和时间状语at that time可知，后句表述在过去某一时刻正在发生的事情，要用过去进行时。故选D。 4．Tony called his mother every week even while he __________ around the world. A．is travelling B．travels C．travelled D．was travelling 【答案】D 【详解】句意：即使在环游世界的时候，托尼每周都给他母亲打电话。 考查时态。根据“Tony called his mother”以及“while”可知，此处描述当过去的某事发生时，另外一件事正在进行，while引导的从句用过去进行时，故选D。 5．—Andy, you look so tired! What’s up? —I ________ for my report all night. Luckily, I’ve finished it! A．prepare B．was preparing C．am preparing D．will prepare 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——安迪，你看起来很累！怎么了？——我整晚都在准备我的报告。幸运的是，我已经完成了！ 考查时态。根据“I...for my report all night.”可知，此处表达整晚都在准备报告，应用过去进行时态，结构为：was/were+动词的现在分词，主语是I，be动词用was，prepare的现在分词是preparing。故选B。 6．My parents ________ dinner when I got home yesterday. A．has cooked B．were cooking C．will cook D．cooks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天当我到家时，我的父母正在做晚饭。 考查过去进行时。根据“when I got home yesterday”可知，when引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时，主句表示在过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为“was/were doing sth.”。故选B。 7．When we ________ our soccer match I fell over three times. A．play B．played C．were playing D．have played 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我们正在踢足球比赛时，我摔倒了三次。 考查动词时态。play用于一般现在时；played用于一般过去时；were playing用于过去进行时；have played用于现在完成时。主句“I fell over”为一般过去时，从句表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。 8．—Why are you so late today? —Three buses went by without stopping while I ________ at the bus stop. A．am waiting B．waited C．was waiting D．have waited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你今天为什么这么晚？——当我正在公交车站等车的时候，有三辆车经过但都没有停。 考查动词时态。根据“Three buses went by without stopping while I...at the bus stop.”可知，本句强调公交车经过时说话者正处于“等车”的状态，且发生的时间为过去，所以应用过去进行时“was/were doing”结构表达。故选C。 考点三 完成时态（现在完成时、过去完成时） （一）现在完成时 【知识精讲】 现在完成时的用法 (1)表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在(也许还将持续下去)。表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有:lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years(在过去的几天/年里),since then, up to now, so far(至今)等。如: Mary has been ill since last Sunday.玛丽从上个星期天开始就生病了。 I have lived in Korea for two years.我已经在韩国住两年了。 (2)表示一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响，注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有:already, just(刚刚)，yet, never, before等。如: He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.)他关掉灯了。 The concert has started. ( =The concert is on now.)音乐会开始了。 (3)几个副词在现在完成时中的用法 ①just意为“刚刚”，表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间； e.g. He has just come back from America ②ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词和过去分词之间； e.g. Have you ever been to London?你去过伦敦吗？ 【注意】重点考点have been in+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”；have gone to+地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。）have been to+地点,表示“去过某地”。（人已回）。 Jim has gone to New York with his family.吉姆和他的家人去了纽约。 Have you ever been to New York?你去过纽约吗？ The Greens have been in New York for three years.格林一家在纽约（生活）已有3年了。 Mr Li has been at this school for ten years.李先生在这个学校已有10年了。 The Greens are in Nanjing now. They have been here for half a year. 格林一家现在在南京。他们在这儿已有半年了。 部分非延续性动词(短语)和延续性动词(短语)的转换: 买buy-have 借borrow-keep 结婚get married-be married 参加join-be a member of 离开leave-be away 回来come back-be back 生病fall ill-be ill 死亡die-be dead 关闭turn off-be off 打开turn on-be on 动身leave for-be off to 变成become-be 返回return-be back 开始begin-be on 睡觉go to bed-sleep 来/去come/go-be in/away 入睡go to sleep- be asleep 到达get to/arrive in(at)/reach-be in 如何区别一般过去时和现在完成时? (1)现在完成时表示始于过去，持续到现在这一段时间的动作或状态;而一般过去时却表示在过去发生，并在过去结束的动作或状态。如: John lives in London. He has lived there for seven years.约翰住在伦敦，他在那里住了七年。 (2)选择现在完成时还是一般过去时，常常取决于讲话人头脑中是否有一个尚未结束的隐含时间区。如: Have you seen the film?你已经看过这部电影了吗?(电影还在播放) Did you see the film?你看了这部电影?(电影播放过了) (第一句暗示现在电影正在放映，问话人想了解听话人对电影的看法如何;第二句暗示电影放映过了，与现在无关，问话人只问听话人是否看了电影那个事实。) (3)现在完成时常用于提供新的信息，因此，两人对话时往往先用现在完成时，如果继续谈到具体的事物、时间、地点、方法，须用一般过去时。如: 一Have you watched the football match?你看足球赛了吗? —Yes, I have.是的，我看过了。 —When did you watch it?你什么时候看的? —I watched it yesterday.我昨天看的。 【典例破题】 1.迈克已经承诺会为同学们发书。 Mike ________________________________________________ to his classmates. 【答案】has promised to give out books 【解析】此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done，主语是Mike，助动词用has；承诺做某事：promise to do sth.；分发：give out；书：books。故填has promised to give out books。 2.— My father and I ________ a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years. — Those photos must be your valuable memories. A. have taken B. will take C. take D. were taking 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——在过去的十年里，我和父亲在同一个地方拍了很多照片。——那些照片一定是你珍贵的回忆。考查动词时态。根据“in the past ten years”可知，此处是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选A。 【巩固提升】 1．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Linda ________ writing a new novel already! —Yes! She worked on it for a whole year. The ideas in it are truly amazing. A．finishes B．will finish C．finished D．has finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Linda已经写完了一本新小说！——是的！她花了整整一年时间写它。里面的想法真的很惊人。 考查动词的时态。结合语境和“already”可知，此处应用现在完成时。即have/has+过去分词的结构。故选D。 2．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Great changes ________ in my hometown since I left here ten years ago. A．have taken place B．took place C．were taking place D．will take place 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自从我十年前离开这里以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 考查现在完成时。since表示“自从”，强调从过去某时持续到现在的动作或状态，主句需用现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）。主语“Great changes”为复数，故用have taken place。故选A。 3．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）The number of Chinese Weibo users ________ 250 million so far. A．has reached B．reached C．will reach D．reach 【答案】A 【详解】句意：到目前为止，中国的微博用户数量已经达到了2.5亿。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。故选A。 4．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Our school ________ second-hand books and toys recently. Now, we are ready to send them to some primary schools in poor areas for free. A．collects B．was collecting C．has collected D．will collect 【答案】C 【详解】句意：最近，我们学校收集了二手书和玩具。现在，我们准备将它们免费送给贫困地区的一些小学。 考查现在完成时。根据 “recently”可知，时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“Our school”是第三人称单数，所以用has collected。故选C。 5．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Scientists ________ great progress in the research of computers in the past thirty years. A．make B．made C．will make D．have made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：科学家在过去的三十年里在计算机研究方面取得了巨大进展。 考查现在完成时。“in the past thirty years”是现在完成时的标志词，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，“scientists”是复数，用“have made”。故选D。 6．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）This book must be great. My sister ________ it five times. A．reads B．read C．has read D．is reading 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这本书一定很棒。我妹妹读了五遍。 考查动词时态。reads读，一般现在时；read读，动词原形/一般过去时；has read已经读过，现在完成时；is reading正在读，现在进行时。根据“five times”可知，强调动作已完成并对现在有影响，需用现在完成时。故选C。 7．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—How long ________ your parents ________ in Yangzhou? —For more than 20 years. They love this city very much. A．have; lived B．did; live C．do; live D．will; live 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的父母在扬州住了多久？——超过20年了。他们非常喜欢这个城市。 考查现在完成时。根据“For more than 20 years”可知，父母在扬州居住这个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，符合现在完成时的用法，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语your parents是复数，助动词用have，live的过去分词是lived。故选A。 8．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—My sister ________ to cook in the last few months. —That’s great. She needn’t order meals online every day. A．learns B．has learned C．was learning D．will learn 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我妹妹在过去几个月里已经学会做饭了。——太棒了。她没必要每天在网上订餐了。 考查现在完成时态。learns学习，一般现在时；has learned已经学习、学会，现在完成时；was learning正在学习，过去进行时；will learn将要学习，一般将来时。根据“My sister...to cook in the last few months.”可知，句中“in the last few months”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，所以用现在完成时“has learned”。故选B。 9．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）He as well as his sisters ________ Chinese for ten years. A．study B．have studied C．has studied D．studies 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他和他的姐姐们学习中文已经十年了。 考查主谓一致和时态。当主语后接“as well as”引导的短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应与第一个主语保持一致。“He”是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词需用单数形式。时间状语“for ten years”表示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时。故选C。 10．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Alice _________ a teacher since she graduated from college. A．became B．has become C．was D．has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从爱丽丝大学毕业以来，她一直是一名教师。 考查现在完成时。根据“since”可知，主句用现在完成时，表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，谓语应用延续性动词，D项符合。故选D。 （二）过去完成时 【知识精讲】 过去完成时的用法 构成：助动词had+ 过去分词. 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用。 We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year. When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes. 判断标志：by the end of last month, by the end of last year, by nine o’clock,等时间 【典例破题】 1．When I got to the station, I found that the train ______. I had to wait for the next one. A．left B．had left C．was leaving D．would leave 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：当我到达车站时，我发现火车已经开走了。我不得不等下一班。when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词使用一般过去时，“火车开走”这个动作发生在“到达车站”之前，属于“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时，所以谓语动词为had left。故选B项。 2．By the end of last month, the factory ______ 10,000 cars. A．produced B．had produced C．has produced D．produces 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到上个月底，这家工厂已经生产了1万辆汽车。空处作谓语，By the end of last month表示“到上个月底”，是明确的过去时间节点，动作在此前完成，用过去完成时。故选B。 【巩固提升】 1．By the time the ambulance arrived, the injured man (lose) a lot of blood. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had lost 【详解】考查时态。句意：等到救护车赶到时，受伤的男子已经失血过多了。此处“救护车到达”是过去时间点，“失血”发生在此之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had lost。 2．She told me she (never see) such a beautiful sunset before. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had never seen 【详解】考查时态。句意：她告诉我她之前从未见过这么美的日落。主句动词told是过去时，“从未见过”发生在“告诉”之前，用过去完成时。故填had never seen。 3．When I opened the door, I saw that someone (break) into my house. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had broken 【详解】考查时态。句意：当我打开门时，我发现有人闯进了我的家。opened the door是过去动作，break into这个动作发生在开门之前，所以用过去完成时。故填had broken。 4．By last summer, they (visit) over 20 countries together. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had visited 【详解】考查时态。句意：到去年夏天的时候，他们已经一起游览了超过20个国家了。by last summer是过去时间截止点，动作在此前完成，用过去完成时。故填had visited。 5．I was disappointed to find that all the tickets (sell) out when I got to the cinema.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been sold 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当我到达电影院时，我失望地发现所有的票都卖光了。sell out“卖光”，本空为that引导宾语从句的谓语，“票被卖光”发生在“我到达电影院”之前，为“过去的过去”，从句时态应用过去完成时，主语tickets和sell out为被动关系，需用过去完成时的被动语态，即had been sold。故填had been sold。 6．She realized she (make) a terrible mistake only after she had sent the email. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had made 【详解】考查时态。句意：直到她发出那封电子邮件之后，她才意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。此处“意识到”是过去动作，“犯错误”发生在意识到之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had made。 考点四 将来时态（一般将来时、过去将来时） （一）一般将来时 【知识精讲】 一般将来时的用法 1. 表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I shall attend the meeting tomorrow. 1. 表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如： He will go to see his mother every Saturdays. 1. 表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语 是第一人称时，常用shall。 I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door? 1. be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近 或将来要作的某事。 I am going to Beijing next week. 1. be + 动词不定式(to do…)。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。 There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. 1. be about + 动词不定式(to do…)，表示即将作某事。 They are about to leave. 判断标志：将来的时间状语如tomorrow, next week(month， year，spring, summer, autumn, winter, Monday…), the day after tomorrow, in the future, soon, some day=one day等。 【典例破题】 1．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Mom, do you know when the supermarket _______ tomorrow? A．opened B．open C．will open D．has opened 【答案】C 【详解】句意：妈妈，你知道超市明天什么时候开门吗？ 考查时态。根据句中的时间状语tomorrow可知，该句用一般将来时。故选C。 【巩固提升】 1．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—What will you do next Saturday, Tina? —I ________ to the nursing home and work as a volunteer there. A．go B．went C．will go D．was going 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——蒂娜，你下周六将做什么？——我会去疗养院并在那里做志愿者。 考查动词的时态。根据“next Saturday”可知，句子使用一般将来时，其结构为will+动词原形。故选C。 2．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）How time flies! I ________ a senior high school in September in 2025. A．enter B．entered C．will enter D．have entered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：时间过得真快！我将在2025年9月进入高中。 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“in September in 2025”并结合句意可知，此句应用一般将来时，故空处填will enter。故选C。 3．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Lucy, Mary called you just now. —Oh, really? Thanks for telling me. I ________ her back later. A．call B．called C．am calling D．will call 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——露西，玛丽刚才给你打电话了。——哦，真的吗？谢谢你告诉我。我稍后给她回电话。 考查一般将来时。根据“later”可知此句时态为一般将来时，表达稍后会回电话。故选D。 4．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Have you been to Shanghai? —Not yet. I ________there with my family. A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你去过上海吗？——还没有。我将和我家人去。 考查一般将来时。go一般现在时；went一般过去时；will go一般将来时；have gone现在完成时。根据“Not yet.”可知，还没去过，所以是将去某地。故选C。 5．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—The new term is coming. We ________ back to school in a few days. —That’s very exciting. I want to see all my teachers and classmates. A．head B．headed C．have headed D．will head 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——新学期即将来临。过几天我们就要回学校了。——太令人兴奋了。我想看看我所有的老师和同学。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“in a few days”可知，本句是一般将来时，故选D。 （二）过去将来时 【知识精讲】 过去将来时的用法 由would +动原构成或was(were) going to+动原 构成。过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。 例如： They were going to have a meeting. I told him that I would see him off at the station. 判断标志：the next week, the next year连用 【典例破题】 1.Last Sunday he promised he but he hasn’t arrived until now. (come) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would come 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：上周日他承诺他会来，但直到现在他还没到。come(来)是从句谓语动词，根据语境可知，主句谓语“promised”是过去发生的动作，而“come”这个动作是在“承诺”之后将要发生的，属于“过去的将来”，所以要用过去将来时态would come。故填would come。 【巩固提升】 一、单项选择 1．The scientist confirmed that his team ______ the experiment by the end of the following month. A．completes B．completed C．would complete D．will complete 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这位科学家证实，他的团队将在下个月底前完成实验。主句谓语“confirmed”是一般过去时，宾语从句需遵循“时态呼应”原则，结合时间状语“by the end of the following month.”可知，从句动作“完成实验”发生在主句“证实”之后，属于“过去的将来”，需用过去将来时“would+动词原形”。故选C项。 2．The sky was dark. It ________ rain. A．will B．was going to C．is about to D．was to 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：天空变得昏暗了。要下雨了。根据The sky was dark.可知，表示过去的天是昏暗的，即将要下雨，用过去将来时（was/were going to do），主语It指代天气，be动词用was。故选B。 3．I felt a bit nervous as I ______ to give my first public speech. A．will B．was going C．was about D．was to 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：我感到有点紧张，因为我即将进行我的第一次公开演讲。“进行演讲”是一个即将发生且已有安排的事件，强调“计划性”，因此was going to do是最佳选择。was to do语气过于正式；was about to do “正要……”强调即刻性，与felt nervous的持续状态不太吻合。故选B。 4．Look at the setting sun! We ______ late for the train if we didn’t hurry up. A．were B．were going to be C．were about to be D．were to be 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：看那日落！如果我们不快点，就赶不上火车了。根据迹象“看落日”进行的推测，表示“我们很有可能要迟到”用were going to be。故选B。 二、语法填空 5．This morning, I was worried that no one (will) talk to me. But I was wrong. I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：今天早上，我还担心没人会跟我说话。但我错了。我一点也不觉得尴尬或害怕。分析句子可知，句中“was worried”表明整体语境为过去时态，宾语从句中“will” 需用过去式“would”，与主句时态保持一致，表达过去对未来情况的担忧，应用过去将来时。故填would。 6．The company still claimed that most people (be) travelling in driverless cars one day soon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would be 【详解】考查时态。句意：该公司仍宣称，未来不久，大多数人将会乘坐无人驾驶汽车出行。that引导宾语从句，设空处为从句谓语；根据主句谓语claimed以及从句中的时间状语one day soon可知，此处应用过去将来进行时。故此处填would be，与空后travelling共同构成过去将来进行时。故填would be。 考点五 被动语态（掌握被动语态的各个形式） 【知识精讲】 被动语态的定义 被动语态是一种动词形式，它强调动作的接受者而不是执行者。在被动语态中，动作的执行者通常不明确或不重要。 被动语态的基本结构 - be 动词 + 过去分词 被动语态的时态 英语中的被动语态可以用于所有时态。以下是一些常见的时态及其被动语态形式： - 一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词 - 例句：The book is read by many students. - 一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词 - 例句：The letter was written by my sister. - 现在进行时：am/is/are being + 过去分词 - 例句：The house is being painted. - 过去进行时：was/were being + 过去分词 - 例句：The book was being read when I entered the room. - 现在完成时：have/has been + 过去分词 - 例句：The work has been done. - 过去完成时：had been + 过去分词 - 例句：The project had been completed before the deadline. - 一般将来时：will be + 过去分词 - 例句：The report will be published next week. 被动语态的否定形式 在被动语态中，否定形式是通过在be动词前加上“not”来构成的。 - 一般现在时：am not/is not/are not + 过去分词 - 例句：The book is not read by many students. - 一般过去时：was not/were not + 过去分词 - 例句：The letter was not written by my sister. 被动语态的疑问形式 将be动词提前到主语前，构成被动语态的疑问句。 - 一般现在时：Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词？ - 例句：Is the book read by many students? - 一般过去时：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词？ - 例句：Was the letter written by my sister? 被动语态的强调形式 有时，为了强调动作的执行者，可以在被动语态中使用“by + 名词”结构。 - 例句：The letter was written by my sister, not by my brother. 被动语态的省略形式 在某些情况下，尤其是在口语或非正式写作中，可以省略“by + 名词”结构。 - 例句：The letter was written (by my sister). 被动语态的不可用情况 某些动词，如“have”、“need”、“want”等，通常不用于被动语态。 - 错误：The book is needed by the students. - 正确：The students need the book. 被动语态的转换 将主动语态转换为被动语态时，可以将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语，动词变为相应的be动词形式加上过去分词。 - 主动语态：The company produces high-quality products. - 被动语态：High-quality products are produced by the company. 注意：使用被动语态应注意的几个问题： 1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 　 What will happen in 100 years. 　　 The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 This pen writes well. 　 This new book sells well. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省 略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。 　　 例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something 　　 see somebody do so mething→somebody +be +seen to do something 　　 The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The li ttle boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 1. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 　　 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 　　 He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 1. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 　　 We can't laugh at him. →He can't be laughed at by us. 【典例破题】 1．—Excuse me, can I park in the street? —I’m sorry. You can park on neither side of the street, or you ________. A．fined B．will fine C．were fined D．will be fined 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我能在这条街上停车吗？——抱歉。这条街的两边都不能停车，否则你会被罚款。 考查动词时态和语态。根据语境，此处是“如果停车，就会被罚款”，表示将来可能发生的被动动作，因此用一般将来时的被动语态will be fined。故选D。 2．Don’t worry. Your package ________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A．kept B．can keep C．could keep D．can be kept 【答案】D 【详解】句意：不要担心。你的包裹可以被保存在这里直到你回来，所以请享受在这里购物。 考查被动语态。主语Your package与谓语keep之间是被动关系，用被动语态，结构为be done，情态动词can后面加be动词原形，keep的过去分词为kept。故选D。 【巩固提升】 一、单项选择 1．The sports meeting ________ every term at this school. A．is holding B．will be held C．is held D．was held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个学校每学期都举行运动会。 考查被动语态和时态。is holding正在举行，主动语态的现在进行时；will be held将被举行，一般将来时的被动语态；is held被举行，一般现在时的被动语态；was held被举行，一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语“every term”可知，动作是定期发生的，需用一般现在时；主语“The sports meeting”与动词“hold”之间为被动关系，因此应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，故用is held。故选C。 2．Many tea plants ________ on the sides of the mountains every year. A．grow B．are grow C．are grown D．grew 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年山的两侧种植许多茶树。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语“Many tea  plants”与动词“grow”之间存在被动关系，且时间状语“every year”表示习惯性动作，需用一般现在时被动语态，结构为：am/is/are +过去分词。故选C。 3．—Cindy, are you going to Jeff’s birthday party on Sunday? —Unless I ________. A．will be invited B．am invited C．was inviting D．invited 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Cindy，你周日要去Jeff的生日派对吗？——除非我被邀请。 考查条件状语从句的时态和语态。unless引导的条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”，从句用一般现在时；且主语“I”与动词invite之间为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态am invited。故选B。 4．The criminal _________ for his terrible crimes in the 19th century. A．was hanged B．was hung C．hanged D．hung 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个罪犯在19世纪因他的可怕罪行被绞死。 考查词汇辨析和被动语态，hanged绞死；hung悬挂。句子主语“the criminal”是动作承受者，需用被动语态“was hanged”表示被处决。故选A。 5．He Jiang ________ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month. A．invites B．invited C．is invited D．was invited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：何江上个月被邀请在哈佛大学的毕业典礼上发表演讲。 考查时态和语态辨析。invites一般现在时主动语态；invited一般过去时主动语态；is invited一般现在时被动语态；was invited一般过去时被动语态。根据“last month”可知，时态为一般过去时；且主语He Jiang与invite之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其结构是“was/were+过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用was，invite的过去分词是invited。故选D。 6．—I ________ to go to Australia as an exchange student this morning. —Congratulations! A．told B．am told C．was told D．has told 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——今天早上我被告知要去澳大利亚做交换生。——恭喜！ 考查动词的时态和语态。told告诉（一般过去时）；am told被告知（一般现在时的被动语态）；was told被告知（一般过去时的被动语态）；has told已经告诉（现在完成时）。根据“I…to go to Australia as an exchange student this morning.”可知，动作发生在过去，且主语I是动作的承受者，需用一般过去时的被动语态was told。故选C。 7．My advice on how to save paper ________ by my class last Monday. A．accepted B．was accepted C．is accepted D．has accepted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我关于如何节约纸张的建议上周一被班级采纳了。 考查一般过去时被动语态。主语advice与动词accept构成被动关系，且时间状语last Monday表示过去，故用一般过去时被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词用was，结构为was+动词过去分词形式。故选B。 8．A new bridge________ in my hometown next year. A．be built B．will build C．is built D．will be built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：明年我的家乡将新建一座桥。 考查动词的时态和语态。从时间状语“next year”可知，句子需用一般将来时。桥是“被建造”的，存在被动关系，需用被动语态。 结合时态和语态要求，故选D。   9．People ________ if they cut down the trees. A．will punish B．will be punished C．were punished D．are punished 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果人们砍伐树木，他们将会被惩罚。 考查条件状语从句的时态和被动语态。will punish将惩罚；will be punished将被惩罚；were punished被惩罚了；are punished被惩罚。if引导的条件从句使用一般现在时，主句需用一般将来时；且主语“people”与动词“punish”之间为被动关系，故主句需用一般将来时的被动语态，即“will be punished”。故选B。 10．A new shopping center ________ in our city next year. A．build B．is built C．was built D．will be built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：明年我们城市将建一座新的购物中心。 考查动词的时态和语态。主语A new shopping center与动词build之间是被动关系，表示购物中心被建造，且时间状语next year表示将来时间，应用一般将来时的被动语态will be built。故选D。 考点六 主谓一致（了解主谓一致三大原则） 【知识精讲】 一、语法一致 语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1. 　单数n.，不可数n.,　不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。 His father is working on the farm. Time is money. To finish all the work on time is impossible. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago. ◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的 并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。 　 What I bought were 3 English books. What I say and do are helpful to you. 1. 由and 或both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。 　 Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are friends. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. ◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。 The writer and artist has come. ◆由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 　 Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it. 1. 主语后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。 Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.　 She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 1. either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 　Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. 　Neither of the texts is interesting. None of us has been to South Africa. 1. 定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。 　He is one of my students who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 1. 集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。 His family is a happy one. 　The whole family are watching TV. 　The population of China is 1400 million.(人口) 　One third of the population here are workers.(人) ◆people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 1. 由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主 语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。 The rest of the lecture is wonderful. A lot of time is wasted. A lot of people take part in the meeting. 2/3 water is drunk by him. 2/3 students are absent. 1. 倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。 　On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. 二、意义一致 1. 表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 　Twenty minutes is enough for the work. One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM. 1. 如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。 　The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book. one and a half ＋复数n.，谓语动词用单数。 　One and a half apples is left on the table. 1. 算是中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除） 1. 表示学科的以-ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。 　Physics is an important subject in middle schools. Mathematics is the study of numbers. Politics, economics, athletics等。 1. 复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。 The glass works was built up in 1980. These glass works are near the railway station. 1. 由两部分组成的名词，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。a pair of等量词时， 视情况而定。 1. The ＋ adj. 表示一类人，作主语时用复数。 　 The young are usually very active. The old are lonely. 三、就近一致 就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 1. 当两个主语由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻 近的主语一致。 Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。 2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个 主语保持一致。 There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。 There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk.  书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。  3. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Here is a map and a handbook for you. 这是一张你的地图和一本手册。 Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。 4. 就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。 主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than， together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。 Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.你姐姐和你父母一样，对我很好。 She，like you and betty，is very clever.像你和betty一样，她也很聪明。  四、需要特别注意的要点 （一）＂名词+介词短语＂作主语 名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。 She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。 He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。 Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。 （二）不定代词作主语 1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。 Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。 Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。 Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。 2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。 Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗? Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。 Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。 （三）特殊名词作主语 1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。 The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名) Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名) 2. ＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。 The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。 The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。 3. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。 The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。 4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。 A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。 Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。 【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。 （四）表数量概念的词或短语作主语 1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。 Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。 100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。 2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。 Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。 Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。 3. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。 Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。 4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。 One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。 One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。 5. the rest of... 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。 The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。 The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。 6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。 None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。 7.＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词复 数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。 A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。 The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 这所学校的学生数量已达到2000多人。 8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。 Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。 （五）动名词、不定式和从句作主语 动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。 Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。 To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。 What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。 【典例破题】 1．There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next weekend. A．is B．will have C．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下周末，中国西南地区将举办苗族鼓文化节。 考查there be结构的将来时。根据“next weekend”可知此处是there be结构的将来时there will be。故选C。 2．The number of the students in our class ________ fifty-four. A．be B．is C．are D．am 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们班的学生人数是五十四人。 考查主谓一致。The number of“……的数量”，在句中充当主语时，表示的是一个整体，为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式is。故选B。 【巩固提升】 1．Look! There ________ a notebook and three keys on the desk. A．is B．was C．are D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：看！桌子上有一个笔记本和三把钥匙。 考查there be和时态。根据“Look!”可知，句子是一般现在时；there be遵循就近原则，离be动词最近的主语是a notebook，应用is。故选A。 2．There ________ some flowers in my room. I often water them. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意： 我的房间里有一些花，我经常给它们浇水。 考查There be句型。根据“some flowers”可知，主语为复数形式，因此be动词应用复数形式；又根据“I often water them.”可知，句子描述的是现在的状态，时态为一般现在时，应用are。故选B。 3．My mother with her students ________ to volunteer at the old people’s home next week. A．is going B．are going C．goes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我妈妈和她的学生下周要去养老院参加志愿者活动。 考查时态和主谓一致。根据“next week”可知句子用一般将来时be going to，with连接的成分作主语时，遵循就远原则，根据“My mother”可知be动词用is。故选A。 4．There ________ no yogurt and no tomatoes on the shopping list. We need to add ________ to the salad. A．is; them B．are; them C．are; it 【答案】A 【详解】句意：购物清单上没有酸奶也没有西红柿。我们需要把它们加到沙拉里。 考查there be和代词辨析。there be句型遵循就近原则，yogurt是不可数名词，be动词用is；them它们；it它。空处指代酸奶和西红柿，应用them。故选A。 5．Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country. A．are B．is C．was 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当你到国外旅游时，有礼貌是必要的。 考查主谓一致。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是动名词短语，be动词用is。故选B。 6．In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age. A．has; is B．eats; are C．eat; is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在中国，许多过生日的人会用蜡烛吃蛋糕。蜡烛的数量是这个人的年龄。 考查主谓一致。a number of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词也用复数，素以第一空用eat；The number of +名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，所以第二空用is。故选C。 7．Look! There ________ some information about traffic rules in this book. A．is B．are C．was 11．There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next weekend. A．is B．will have C．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下周末，中国西南地区将举办苗族鼓文化节。 考查there be结构的将来时。根据“next weekend”可知此处是there be结构的将来时there will be。故选C。 12．The number of the students in our class ________ fifty-four. A．be B．is C．are D．am 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们班的学生人数是五十四人。 考查主谓一致。The number of“……的数量”，在句中充当主语时，表示的是一个整体，为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式is。故选B。 8．— What’s your plan for the coming Dragon Boat Festival? — Most of us ______ ready to make zongzi. A．is B．are C．have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你对即将到来的端午节有什么计划？——我们大多数人都准备包粽子。 考查固定短语及主谓一致。be ready to do sth.“准备好做某事”，排除C选项。Most of us作主语，表复数概念，故用be动词are。故选B。 9．Not only Jim but also his sister ________ a few cities since they came to China. A．have visited B．has visited C．visited D．visits 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从他们来到中国以来，不仅吉姆，他的妹妹也去过几个城市。 考查时态以及主谓一致。根据“since...”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done；not only...but also连接的并列成分作主语时，应遵循就近原则，根据“his sister”可知助动词用has。故选B。 10．—Neither Lily nor her parents ________ outdoors when the rainstorm came. —________ lucky they were! A．were; What B．was; How C．were; How 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——暴雨来临时，莉莉和她的父母都不在户外。——他们真幸运！ 考查主谓一致和感叹句。neither...nor连接的并列成分作主语时，遵循就近原则，根据“her parents”可知be动词用were，排除B；感叹句的中心词是形容词lucky，用感叹结构how adj.+主谓。故选C。 一、单项选择 1．Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师现在不在办公室。她去图书馆了。 考查动词时态。根据“Our English teacher isn’t in the office now”可知，“去图书馆”的动作发生在过去，且对现在造成了“不在办公室”的影响，需用现在完成时；“has gone to” 符合“去了未回”的语境。故选B。 2．—What will you do tomorrow? —I ________ the museum to learn about the local history. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．are visiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你明天要做什么？——我要去参观博物馆来了解当地的历史。 考查动词时态辨析。根据问句中的时间状语“tomorrow”可知，答句应使用一般将来时，故选C。 3．Thanks a million, Julie! If it ________, you will be my angel! A．works B．will work C．fails D．will fail 【答案】A 【详解】句意：万分感谢，Julie！如果成功了，你就是我的天使！ 考查动词辨析及if条件句。work成功，有效；fail失败。根据“If it ..., you will be my angel!”可知，此句为if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，结合“you will be my angel!”可知，如果事情成功，Julie将是对方的天使。故选A。 4．The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：治疗中心位于高街，已经服务了10多年。 考查动词和动词短语。has started开始，start是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been in一直在……中，强调状态从过去持续到现在；has stopped停止，stop是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been out of一直在……之外，强调状态从过去持续到现在。根据“for over 10 years”可知，此处不能使用短暂性动词start和stop，排除A、C；结合“The therapy centre is on High Street and it ... service for over 10 years.”可知，治疗中心一直提供服务超过10年，应该用has been in。故选B。 5．Oh, you are growing so fast, Paul! Soon you ________ taller than your dad. A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：哦，保罗，你长得真快！很快你就会比你爸爸高了。 考查将来时态。根据时间标志词“Soon（很快）”可知，此处表示将来会发生的事情，需用一般将来时（will do）。故选D。 6．Suzy ________ her bedroom at this time yesterday, so she didn’t go shopping. A．tidies B．tidied C．is tidying D．was tidying 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，苏西正在整理她的卧室，所以她没有去购物。 考查过去进行时。根据“at this time yesterday”可知，强调在过去的某个时间点，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选D。 7．Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自去年以来，许多国际学生来参观我们学校。 考查动词时态。根据“since last year”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 8．—Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No, I didn’t. We ________ vegetables in our school garden. A．water B．have watered C．watered D．are going to water 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——彼得，你昨天放学后和朋友们打乒乓球了吗？——不，我没有。我们在学校花园里浇了蔬菜。 考查动词时态。根据“after school yesterday”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应为一般过去时，谓语动词用其过去式。故选C。 9．Charlie ________ his grandparents every weekend. He loves them very much. A．visits B．was visiting C．will visit D．has visited 【答案】A 【详解】句意：查理每个周末都会去看望他的祖父母。他非常爱他们。 考查动词时态。根据“every weekend”可知，此处描述经常性的动作，应为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用其单三形式。故选A。 10．Mary ________ a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening. A．draws B．was drawing C．is drawing D．will draw 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天晚上，当她的爸爸回家时，玛丽正在画画。 考查动词时态。本句是含when引导的时间状语从句的复合句，从句动作发生时，主句动作正在进行，从句是一般过去时，主句应为过去进行时，结构是was/were doing，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故选B。 二、单词拼写 11．Happiness and health ________ (cost) nothing, but give much. 【答案】cost 【详解】句意：幸福和健康不费分文，但付出很多。根据“Happiness and health…nothing, but give much.”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语是Happiness and health，谓语动词应为动词原形。故填cost。 12．My family ________ (be) watching TV at this time yesterday. 【答案】were 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，我的家人正在看电视。根据“at this time yesterday”可知，本句表示的是过去某一时间正在发生的动作，应该用过去进行时，结构为“was/were + doing”；主语“My family”指家庭成员，强调个体，谓语需用复数形式“were”。故填were。 13．The pair of shoes ________ (look) very nice. 【答案】looks 【详解】句意：这双鞋看起来非常漂亮。“a pair of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于“pair”的单复数，这里“pair”是单数，所以谓语动词用“looks”。故填looks。 14．Both you and I ________ (be) students. 【答案】are 【详解】句意：你和我都是学生。both … and …“……和……都”，固定搭配，它连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式，句子时态为一般现在时，be动词要用are。故填are。 15．Neither the teacher nor the students ________ (know) the answer to the question. 【答案】know 【详解】句意：老师和学生都不知道这个问题的答案。“neither...nor...” 连接两个主语时，遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的主语是“the students”为复数，所以谓语动词用“know”。故填know。 16．The news ________ (be) very exciting. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：这个消息很有趣！分析句子可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语“the news”为不可数名词，be动词应使用单数形式is。故填is。 17．According to the timetable, the last train G1973 for Shanghai ________ (leave) at 9:50 p.m. 【答案】leaves 【详解】句意：根据时刻表，开往上海的末班车G1973在晚上9:50发车。列车时刻表用一般现在时表示固定安排，主语是第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数形式leaves。故填leaves。 18．Don’t ________ others. You should do things by yourself.(依赖) 【答案】depend on/rely on 【详解】句意：不要依赖别人。你应该自己做事情。根据提示词可知，“依赖”depend on或rely on。根据“Don’t”可知，句子为祈使句的否定形式，故空格处应用动词原形。故填depend/rely on。 19．—Do you know if Millie is aware of the meeting this Friday morning? —I suppose so, but I ______ (remind) her of it when I meet her. 【答案】will remind 【详解】句意：——你知道Millie是否意识到这个星期五上午的会议？——我猜想她知道，但是当我遇到她时，我会提醒她的。根据“this Friday morning”可知，会议还没有开，所以答语用一般将来时，其结构为will+动词原形。故填will remind。 三、选词填空 give    write    see    lose 20．If your experiences are into the songs, your life will be more fun. 21．In the city, people in Hanfu are often in the streets. 22．Many animals are their lives because of human activities. 23．Love animals. You could them a hand when it is necessary. 【答案】20．written 21．seen 22．losing 23．give 【详解】20．句意：如果你的经历被写进歌曲，你的生活将会更有趣。根据“If your experiences are ... into the songs”以及备选词可知，此处表示“被写进歌里”，write“写入”，符合题意；句子的主语your experiences与write是被动关系，此处应用被动语态，空前已有are，设空处填过去分词。故填written。 21．句意：在这个城市里，在街上经常看到穿着汉服的人。根据 “people in Hanfu are often ... in the streets”以及备选词可知，此处表示“在街上被看到”，see“看见”，符合题意；句子的主语people与see是被动关系，此处应用被动语态，空前已有are，设空处填过去分词。故填seen。 22．句意：很多动物正因人类活动失去生命。根据“Many animals are ... their lives because of human activities.”以及备选词可知，此处缺少“失去生命”，lose“失去”，符合题意；句子的主语many animals与lose是主动关系，此处是进行时态，空前已有are，设空处填现在分词。故填losing。 23．句意：要爱护动物。在必要的时候你可以帮助它们。根据“Love animals. You could ... them a hand when it is necessary.”以及备选词可知，此处表示“帮助他们”，give sb. a hand为固定搭配，表示“帮助某人”，且空格前有情态动词could，因此应填入动词原形。故填give。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $