摘要:
**基本信息**
以“通读-搭配-语法-上下文-排除-校验”六步解题法为核心,系统整合固定搭配、基础语法与场景逻辑,形成小学完形填空分层突破体系。
**专项设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|答题技巧|6个核心技巧|分步骤解题策略(通读抓信息→固定搭配速解→语法规则排除→上下文词义判断→排除法筛选→通读校验)|从基础信息抓取到固定搭配、语法规则应用,再到上下文语义逻辑判断,形成“信息输入-知识调用-逻辑验证”递进链条|
|知识精练|5篇典型例题(候车/拜访/购物/看牙医/春节场景)|场景化解题迁移(结合赶火车、过节等场景词汇强化语境理解)|覆盖介词搭配(wait for)、动词短语(hurry up)、主谓一致、代词用法等高频考点,实现“技巧-知识-场景”三维联动|
内容正文:
专题07 完形填空
01 答题技巧
02 知识精练
答题技巧
一、通读全文,抓基础信息
先跳过空格读完整篇,明确人物、场景、时态(这几篇均为一般现在时),理清故事大意再做题。
二、牢记固定搭配,快速解题
1.介词、动词短语是高频考点,直接凭搭配作答
2.介词搭配wait for、talk with、What's wrong with、on + 具体日期
3.短语hurry up、go to school、go home(home 前不加 to)、like doing sth.、want to do sth.
三、活用语法规则,排除错项
1.主谓一致主语为三单(he/it/ 人名),动词加 s/es。
2.代词动词 / 介词后用宾格;修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。
3.名词 & 限定词泛指 food 为不可数名词;much 修饰不可数名词,many 修饰可数名词;4.复数名词所有格用 twins';both 指代两者。
四、结合上下文,判断词义
1.遇到动词、形容词、连词,联系前后句找线索
2.根据场景选动作、状态(赶火车、看牙医、过节等场景词汇)。
3.连词and 表顺承,but 表转折,or 表选择。
五、巧用排除法
1.先删掉语法错误选项;2.再剔除语义不通的选项;3.剩余选项结合语境确定。
六、做题步骤与避坑
1.先易后难,难题暂时跳过,做完再回头分析;
2.全部做完后通读全文,检查语法、搭配、逻辑是否通顺。
小试牛刀
1、 完形填空
(一)
Many people are waiting 1 the train. Some are reading the newspapers and some are talking 2 their friends. Mr. Black, Mr. Red and Mr. Brown talk so 3 that they do not know the train is going to 4 . The conductor says to them,” Hurry 5 !” “Take your seats, please!” The three men hear that and 6 of them jump onto the train quickly before it 7 . But Mr. Black 8 . He looks very 9 . The conductor says, “It’s not too bad. Take it easy! At least your friends are on the train. The next train will 10 soon.” “I know,” says Mr Black, “but it’s my train.”
( ) 1.
A.
to
B.
for
C.
at
D.
/
( ) 2.
A.
and
B.
about
C.
with
D.
for
( ) 3.
A.
carefully
B.
quietly
C.
well
D.
happily
( ) 4.
A.
come
B.
leave
C.
drive
D.
stop
( ) 5.
A.
up
B.
down
C.
on
D.
off
( ) 6.
A.
one
B.
two
C.
three
D.
all
( ) 7.
A.
start
B.
leave
C.
stops
D.
moves
( ) 8.
A.
does
B.
can’t
C.
isn’t
D.
doesn’t
( ) 9.
A.
happy
B.
happily
C.
hungry
D.
angry
( ) 10.
A.
go
B.
come
C.
leave
D.
get
(二)
It is Saturday morning. Lily and Lucy don't go to ___1____. They go to ___2____Uncle Wang. ___3____ house is near a river. They can see some boats on the river. Uncle Wang is glad to meet the two girls. He___4____them some apples and pears. Now he is making a kite for ___5____. His kites are good and the ___6____like them. Lily and Lucy like ___7____ kites. Look! The kite is high in the sky now ___8____they're very happy. They ___9____Uncle Wang and go___10____with the kite.
( ) 1.
A.
school
B.
the school
C.
home
( ) 2.
A.
look
B.
watch
C.
see
( ) 3.
A.
He
B.
His
C.
Her
( ) 4.
A.
gives
B.
give
C.
put
( ) 5.
A.
him
B.
they
C.
them
( ) 6.
A.
child
B.
children
C.
Lily
( ) 7.
A.
making
B.
make
C.
flying
( ) 8.
A.
and
B.
but
C.
or
( ) 9.
A.
thank
B.
give
C.
ask
( ) 10.
A.
to house
B.
to home
C.
home
(三)
Today is the___1____birthday. They're 12 years old. Jim, Mike, Kate and Helen are the twins' friends. They want ___2____some things___3____them. There___4____a big shop near their school. It___5____a lot of things. From the shop, people can buy some ___6____, some drinks, some fruit and some school things. The shop closes very ___7____. So they can buy things on___8____way home. They buy a big cake, two boxes of colour pencils, an orange yo-yo and some nice exercise books. They want to buy two dolls and two toy trains for the twins. But___9____the dolls and the toys are___10____ expensive (昂贵的).
( ) 1.
A.
twin
B.
twin's
C.
twins'
( ) 2.
A.
to buy
B.
buys
C.
buy
( ) 3.
A.
from
B.
for
C.
at
( ) 4.
A.
be
B.
is
C.
are
( ) 5.
A.
sell
B.
is sell
C.
sells
( ) 6.
A.
food
B.
the foods
C.
the food
( ) 7.
A.
early
B.
later
C.
late
( ) 8.
A.
their
B.
they
C.
them
( ) 9.
A.
both
B.
each
C.
with
( ) 10.
A.
to
B.
also
C.
too
(四)
Jack is a six-year-old boy. He has a toothache today. His mother___1____him to see the dentist. Before they see the dentist David, they ___2____wait. “Please come in!” says a nurse in a ___3____dress.
Jack looks afraid___4____he comes into the dentist's room. “What's wrong ___5____ you?” David asks. “I think I have a ___6____ tooth,” says the boy. “Well, let me have a ___7____,” says David kindly. Jack ___8____his mouth and the dentist begins to check his __9____. “Not bad. Don't worry,” says David. Then he gives Jack some medicine. And David adds (补充), “Remember (记住), don't eat too many sweets and too ___10____hard food.” “OK. Thanks,” says Jack. Then Jack and his mother go home.
( ) 1.
A.
takes
B.
wants
C.
sees
( ) 2.
A.
can
B.
may
C.
must
( ) 3.
A.
white
B.
black
C.
red
( ) 4.
A.
if
B.
when
C.
then
( ) 5.
A.
to
B.
about
C.
with
( ) 6.
A.
big
B.
good
C.
bad
( ) 7.
A.
see
B.
look
C.
rest
( ) 8.
A.
closes
B.
opens
C.
sees
( ) 9.
A.
foot
B.
arm
C.
teeth
( ) 10.
A.
many
B.
much
C.
any
(五)
The Spring Festival is Chinese New Year's Day. It usually___1____in January or February. Everyone in ___2____ likes the Spring Festival very much. When the Spring Festival comes, Xiaohua usually ___3____ his parents clean their house and do some ___4____ and other housework. ___5____that day,__6____ in China eats___7____, New Year's cakes and some other___8____food. Xiaohua likes New Year's cakes, but Li Ming says jiaozi is better than New Year's cakes. The Chinese people ___9____the New Year's cakes and jiaozi in their houses. ___10____happy they are!
( ) 1.
A.
come
B.
comes
C.
goes
( ) 2.
A.
America
B.
China
C.
England
( ) 3.
A.
help
B.
asks
C.
helps
( ) 4.
A.
eating
B.
shopping
C.
fishing
( ) 5.
A.
On
B.
In
C.
At
( ) 6.
A.
everyone
B.
someone
C.
everything
( ) 7.
A.
meat
B.
jiaozi
C.
moon cakes
( ) 8.
A.
nice
B.
bad
C.
green
( ) 9.
A.
do
B.
make
C.
buy
( ) 10.
A.
Much
B.
How
C.
What
参考答案与解析
(一)
1. B【解析】本题考查固定搭配,wait for 是固定短语,含义为 “等待”。文中场景是人们在等火车,结合短语用法与语境,此处选介词 for。
2. C【解析】考查固定搭配 talk with sb.,表示 “和某人交谈”。句子讲述人们候车时相互聊天,其余介词不符合该短语用法。
3. D【解析】此处需要副词修饰动词 talk。结合后文三人没察觉火车要开,说明他们聊得很开心,happily 意为 “开心地”。
4. B【解析】结合候车场景,大家闲聊时火车即将驶离车站。leave 表示 “离开”,贴合文意,其余单词与场景不符。
5. A【解析】hurry up 是常用固定短语,意思是 “快点”。列车员提醒众人抓紧上车,该短语符合当下紧急的语境。
6. B【解析】前文提到一共三位男士,根据下文情节可知,只有两个人顺利冲上了火车,因此选择基数词 two。
7. D【解析】it 指代单数名词 the train,句子为一般现在时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,moves 表示 “开动”。
8. D【解析】主语 Mr. Black 是第三人称单数,此处表示否定含义,指代没能上车,用助动词的否定形式 doesn't。
9. D【解析】同伴都坐上了火车,自己却没能上车,还是自己要搭乘的车次,所以他十分生气,angry 表示 “生气的”。
10. B【解析】结合语境,列车员安慰男子,告知下一班火车很快就会到来。come 意为 “到来”,符合句子表达的含义。
(二)
1.A【解析】go to school 是固定搭配,意为 “去上学”。短文讲述周六的活动,周末不用上学,该短语贴合日常表达与语境。
2.C【解析】see sb. 表示 “看望、拜访某人”,是常用表达。look 和 watch 侧重看的动作,不符合 “拜访长辈” 的语境。
3.B【解析】此处需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词 house。前文提到 Uncle Wang 是男性,因此用 his,表示 “他的”。
4.A【解析】句子时态为一般现在时,主语 He 是第三人称单数,谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式 gives。
5.C【解析】介词后面要接人称代词宾格形式。此处介词 for 指代两位女孩,所以选用宾格 them,符合语法规则。
6.B【解析】结合文意,王叔叔做的风筝很好看,深受大家喜爱。children 是复数形式,泛指孩子们,符合句意。
7.C【解析】like doing sth. 是固定用法,表示 “喜欢做某事”。fly kites 为固定搭配,意为 “放风筝”,贴合场景。
8.A【解析】前半句说风筝飞得很高,后半句说两人很开心,前后是顺承关系,连词 and 用于连接并列的分句。
9.A【解析】女孩们在王叔叔家玩耍过后,出于礼貌向他表达谢意。thank 意为 “感谢”,符合人际交往的逻辑。
10.C【解析】go home 是固定短语,意为 “回家”。home 在此处作副词,前面不能加介词 to,这是英语中的基础用法。
(三)
1.C【解析】twins 是复数名词,表示 “双胞胎”。表示复数人物的所属关系,要使用复数所有格 twins',即 “双胞胎的”。
2.A【解析】want to do sth. 是固定语法结构,意思是 “想要做某事”。空格后为动词原形,因此选择 to buy 这一形式。
3.B【解析】buy sth. for sb. 为固定搭配,含义是 “为某人买某物”。文中指朋友们打算为双胞胎挑选礼物,选 for。
4.B【解析】本题考查 there be 句型的主谓一致。be 动词的单复数由后面名词决定,a big shop 为单数,故用 is。
5.C【解析】主语 It 指代商店,属于第三人称单数,整篇文章为一般现在时,谓语动词要用三单形式 sells。
6.A【解析】food 表示泛指 “食物” 时,属于不可数名词,没有复数形式,前面也不需要加定冠词 the,故选此项。
7.C【解析】根据后文大家能在回家路上购物,可知这家商店关门时间很晚。late 表示 “晚地”,符合上下文逻辑。
8.A【解析】此处需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词 way,on one's way home 是固定短语,their 表示 “他们的”。
9.A【解析】句中提到玩偶和玩具火车两样物品,both 专门用来指代 “两者都”,其余词汇无法匹配数量含义。
10.C【解析】副词 too 可以用来修饰形容词,too expensive 表示 “太贵了”。此处指两件商品价格偏高,符合语境。
(四)
1.A【解析】take sb. to + 地点 是固定用法,意为 “带某人去某地”。男孩牙痛,妈妈带他去看牙医,take 贴合句意。
2.C【解析】结合生活常识,看牙医通常需要排队等候。must 表示 “必须”,强调客观要求,符合当下的场景。
3.A【解析】结合生活常识,医护人员的工作服大多为白色。white 表示 “白色的”,是符合职业特征的。
4.B【解析】when 引导时间状语从句,意为 “当…… 的时候”。句子表达杰克走进诊室时,内心感到十分害怕。
5.C【解析】What's wrong with you? 是英语常用交际句型,专门用来询问对方身体或状况出了问题,固定搭配用 with。
6.C【解析】前文提到男孩牙痛,由此可知他有一颗坏掉的牙齿。bad 表示 “坏的、有问题的”,和牙痛的症状对应。
7.B【解析】have a look 是经典固定短语,意思是 “看一看”。牙医准备检查牙齿,用该短语符合对话语境。
8.B【解析】牙医要检查牙齿,需要男孩把嘴巴张开。open 意为 “打开、张开”,结合动作场景,此项为正确。
9.C【解析】整篇短文围绕牙痛、看牙医展开,牙医的工作就是检查牙齿。teeth 是 tooth 的复数形式,指牙齿。
10.B【解析】hard food 属于不可数名词,much 用来修饰不可数名词,many 修饰可数名词复数,因此此处选用 much。
(五)
1.B【解析】主语 It 指代春节,是第三人称单数,文章为一般现在时,谓语动词要用三单形式 comes,表示 “到来”。
2.B【解析】常识可知春节是中国的传统节日。China 意为 “中国”,结合节日背景,可直接确定此项。
3.C【解析】主语 Xiaohua 是第三人称单数,help sb. do sth. 表示 “帮助某人做某事”,动词使用三单形式 helps。
4.B【解析】do some shopping 是固定搭配,意为 “购物”。春节前人们会打扫、采购年货,贴合节日习俗。
5.A【解析】在英语语法中,表示在具体某一天时,前面要使用介词 on。on that day 即 “在那一天”,是基础用法。
6.A【解析】结合春节习俗,节日里每一个人都会享用美食。everyone 表示 “每个人”,符合句子表达的含义。
7.B【解析】饺子是春节的传统特色食物,这是生活常识。jiaozi 对应饺子,和节日饮食习俗相匹配。
8.A【解析】文中指代各类年货与美食,结合语境可知是美味的食物。nice 表示 “美味的、好吃的”,语义通顺。
9.B【解析】结合生活场景,人们一般在家亲手制作饺子和年糕。make 意为 “制作”,符合日常行为逻辑。
10.B【解析】本句是感叹句,How + 形容词 是常用结构,用来表达强烈情绪,此处感叹大家过得十分开心。
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