专题03 一般过去时与现在完成时（暑假复习讲义）新九年级英语新教材冀教版

专题03 一般过去时与现在完成时 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 一般过去时 1. 标志词（单选、完形突破口） yesterday、…ago、last…、just now、in + 过去年份、then、at that time 看到直接优先用过去式。 2. 动词变化（重中之重） 1. 规则变化①直接 + ed：work→worked②e 结尾 + d：live→lived③辅 + y 变 i+ed：study→studied④重读闭音节双写尾字母 + ed：stop→stopped 2. 不规则动词（必背）：go-went、see-saw、eat-ate、get-got 等，单选、改错、填词必考。 3. 句型结构 · 肯定：主语 + 过去式He went to school yesterday. · 否定：didn’t + 动词原形He didn’t go to school yesterday. · 疑问：Did + 主语 + 动词原形？Did he go to school yesterday? 易错：助动词 did/didn’t 后面必须还原动词原形（改错）。 4. 时态搭配考点 1. when/while 过去进行when + 一般过去，while + 过去进行：I was reading when he came in. 2. 宾语从句：主过从过She said she visited the museum. 3. since 从句用一般过去，主句现在完成I have lived here since I moved here. 5. 语境考点 描述过去一次性动作、过去的状态，无现在关联，只用一般过去。 单项选择：依据时间标志选词形；did 后是否用原形；区分一般过去 / 现在完成。 完形填空：依托故事时态（记叙文通篇多过去时），辨析规则 / 不规则过去式。 短文填空 / 词形变换：给原形变过去式，不规则动词是高频考点。 短文改错：did 后误用过去式；缺 ed、不规则变形写错。 书面表达：写游记、往事、上周活动，全文主体时态一般过去。 现在完成时 1.基本结构 have/has + 过去分词否定：haven’t/hasn’t+done； 疑问：Have/Has + 主语 + done 易错：第三人称单数用 has 2. 两大用法（核心） 1. 已完成（过去动作，影响现在），常搭配 already/yet/just/ever/never例：I have finished my homework. 2. 延续性（动作从过去持续到现在），for + 时间段、since + 过去时间点例：He has lived here for 5 years. 3. 必考标志词 already (肯)、yet (否 / 疑)、just、ever、never、recently、so far、in the past/last… 4. 重难点：短暂性动词 ↔ 延续性动词（中考高频） come→be in；buy→have；die→be dead；leave→be away；begin→be on；join→be in · 短动词不能和 for/since 连用，必须换延续动词错：He has left for 2 days.对：He has been away for 2 days. 5. 易混辨析 1. since + 一般过去时，主句现在完成I have known him since I was young. 2. have been to（去过已回）/have gone to（去了未回）/have been in（待在某地） 6. 与一般过去时区分 · 现完：无明确过去时间，侧重现在结果 · 一过：有 yesterday/last… 等过去时间，只讲过去动作 单选：have been to/gone to/in 辨析；短暂动词变延续；现完 vs 一般过去区分 完形 / 词形填空：根据 so far/since 等标志变过去分词，不规则变形易错 句型转换：for/since 改写、短暂动词互换延续动词 改错：短暂动词搭配 for；乱用过去时代替现完；助动词误用 have/has 写作：介绍经历、居住时长优先使用现在完成时提分 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点一 一般过去时 知识点 例句 易错提示 基本含义 过去发生的动作 / 存在的状态，和现在无联系 He visited Beijing last year. 出现明确过去时间，只用一般过去，不用现在完成 时间标志词 yesterday、…ago、last + 时间、just now、in + 过去年份、then I met Tom three days ago. 看到标志优先用过去式 句式结构（实义动词） 肯定：主语 + 动词过去式否定：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形疑问：Did + 主语 + 动词原形？ She cleaned the room.She didn’t clean the room.Did she clean the room? did/didn’t 后必须用动词原形，不能再加 ed be 动词变形 was (单数 / I/he/she/it)；were (复数 /you) He was at home yesterday.They were happy. 没有 didn’t was 用法 规则动词变过去式 1. 直接 + ed：work→worked 2. e 结尾 + d：live→lived 3. 辅 + y→i+ed：study→studied 4. 重读闭音节双写 + ed：stop→stopped watch→watched dance→danced 以 x、w 不双写 不规则动词（必考） go-went、see-saw、eat-ate、get-got、come-came、leave-left I went to school early. 词形无规律，填空、改错高频考点 关联考点 1搭配状语从句 when + 一般过去；while + 过去进行 I was reading when he arrived. when 后多用一过，while 后多用进行时 关联考点 2宾语从句 主句过去时，从句常用对应过去时态 He said he bought a pen. 主过从过规则 一句话区分（现完 vs 一过） 有具体过去时间 (yesterday/ago)→一般过去时；无过去时间、强调对现在影响→现在完成时。 【典例破题】 1．Sally didn’t want to beat Kelly because she ________ her best friend to stay at school. A．wants B．wanted C．will want D．is wanting 【命题解读】 1．—What you said really ________ me and those words were so hurtful. —Oh, sorry, it’s my fault. I must apologize to you for what I did. I didn’t mean that. A．was a shock B．shocked C．was shocked 2．—I ________ a charity sale with my classmates yesterday. We raised a lot of money. —That’s great! You did a good job. A．organize B．organized C．will organize D．have organized 【易错警示】 1．In his late years, even when Confucius became a master, he never ________ learning from others. A．stop B．stops C．stopped 【巩固提升1】 1．— Dinosaurs ________ on Earth millions of years ago, long before humans appeared. — That’s true. They ruled the planet for a very long time! A．exist B．existed C．were existing 知识点二 现在完成时 分类 知识点 例句 易错提醒 基本含义 1. 过去发生，对现在造成影响2. 动作从过去持续到现在 I have finished homework.（现在不用写了）I have lived here for 6 years. 不接具体过去时间 (yesterday/ago) 构成 肯定：主语 + have/has + 过去分词否定：haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词疑问：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 I have finished work.He hasn’t finished work.Have you finished work? 三单用 has，其余用 have 常用标志词 already (肯)、yet (否 / 疑)、ever、never、just、so far、in the past + 时间段、recently Have you ever been to Shanghai?So far, we have learned 10 units. yet 放句末，already 多放中间 for / since for + 时间段；since + 过去时间 / 一般过去句子 I have waited for two hours.I have waited since 9 o’clock. 短暂动词不能搭配 for/since 三组易混短语 have been to：去过（已返回）have gone to：去了（没回来）have been in：在某地待多久 He has been to Beijing.He has gone to Beijing.He has been in Beijing for a week. have gone to 主语不能是 I/we 重难点：短暂动词变延续 buy→have；borrow→keep；die→be dead；leave→be away；join→be in；begin→be on I have had the book for a month.（√）I have bought the book for a month.（×） 和 for/since 连用必须换成延续性动词 时态辨析 有明确过去时间→一般过去；无具体时间、侧重现在结果→现在完成 I bought the bike last year.(一过)I have bought a bike.(现完，现在有车) 看到 ago/last/in1998 一律不用现完 现完 have 加过分，过去动作影响今； for 加段，since 加点，短暂动词要变换； been to 去过已经回，gone to 去往还未归。 【典例破题】 1．I have never ________ such a beautiful place before. A．seen B．see C．saw 【命题解读】 1．—Have you _______ the new movie called The Wandering Earth? —Yes, it’s very popular. A．hear from B．heard of C．heard from D．hear of 2．They have ________ each other since they were children. A．know B．knew C．known D．knowed 【易错警示】 1．The life we got used to ________ a lot in the past few years. A．changing B．changed C．change D．has changed 2．— Are you going to watch Detective Academy (名侦探学院) tonight? — No! I ______ it with my parents before. I don’t think it’s exciting. A．see B．have seen C．will see D．am seeing 【巩固提升1】 1．Simon, hurry up! The movie ________ for five minutes. A．has started B．has been on C．has finished D．has been over 2．Could you tell me how long ________ the book? I want to borrow one too. A．you have kept B．have you kept C．you have borrowed D．have you borrowed 一、单项选择 1．My cousin enjoyed it so much that he ________ two more pancakes. A．rolls B．rolled C．rolling D．roll 2．The news __________ very fast in the school yesterday. A．spread B．spreads C．spreading 3．—Excuse me, sir. But you’re _________ my way. —Sorry. I _________ know you were passing by. A．by; didn’t B．on; hasn’t C．in; didn’t D．in; hasn’t 4．Harry has even ________ his pocket money to the organization to buy food. A．donate B．donated C．donates D．donating 5．Have you ever ________ the beautiful mountains in your hometown? A．see B．saw C．seen D．seeing 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．She has ________ (teach) the elderly how to use a mobile phone. 2．He has ________ (give) directions to many lost visitors at the stadium. 3．（2026·江苏连云港·二模）China’s forest area has ________ (increase) a lot since 1978. 4．He hardly ________ (notice) the taste of meat for a few months. 5．He ________ (study) music, math, literature and other subjects. 6．I want to know what ________ (happen) to you yesterday. 7．Lucy ________ (prefer) dancing to singing when she was young. 8．I ________ (not realize) the importance, of good manners until I read this article last week. 9．Too much care spoils their fun when they _________ (grow up). 10．—What a surprise to see you here! Have you moved here? —Not really. I ________ (visit) my grandparents. 三、按要求完成句子 1．The duck looked golden and beautiful. 仿写： 那碗面条看起来热气腾腾，闻起来香气扑鼻。 The bowl of noodles looked __________ and __________. 2．I ________ go to hospital, and I was losing hope. 我没钱去医院，并且快要失去希望了。 3．这本书里有很多精彩的故事，它帮助我更好地了解了许多中国人。 The book is _________ _________ great stories, and it _________ _________ me to understand many Chinese people better. 4．从上个月起，这个慈善机构就向残疾人们伸出了援助之手。 The charity _____________________. 5．自从加入志愿社团，我明白了善意能温暖人心。 ________ ________ I joined the volunteer club, I’ve known that kindness can warm hearts. 四、语法填空 （2025·广东深圳·中考真题） “Ninger, It is truly a matter of great regret that your mother has not been able to complete her responsibility in your education. Today, as your mother has firmly engaged in the anti-Manchurian and anti-Japanese struggle, the end of my life 1 (reach). I have no chance 2 (meet) each other again in this life. I cannot educate you with many words—your mother gave 3 (she) to the country. After my death, you must continue with the fight, grow strong, and comfort your mother in the underworld.” Zhao Yiman wrote this letter 4 the age of 41. She 5 (write) it when she was in prison in 1936. It is 6 (true) a regret that she had not been able to complete her duty as a mother. The letter shows her deep love for her son and her loyalty to the country. Zhao Yiman’s story 7 (touch) many people till now. We should remember 8 (she) and learn from her spirit of patriotism. We also need to understand the 9 (important) of protecting our country and make it 10 (strong) than before. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 一般过去时与现在完成时 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 一般过去时 1. 标志词（单选、完形突破口） yesterday、…ago、last…、just now、in + 过去年份、then、at that time 看到直接优先用过去式。 2. 动词变化（重中之重） 1. 规则变化①直接 + ed：work→worked②e 结尾 + d：live→lived③辅 + y 变 i+ed：study→studied④重读闭音节双写尾字母 + ed：stop→stopped 2. 不规则动词（必背）：go-went、see-saw、eat-ate、get-got 等，单选、改错、填词必考。 3. 句型结构 · 肯定：主语 + 过去式He went to school yesterday. · 否定：didn’t + 动词原形He didn’t go to school yesterday. · 疑问：Did + 主语 + 动词原形？Did he go to school yesterday? 易错：助动词 did/didn’t 后面必须还原动词原形（改错）。 4. 时态搭配考点 1. when/while 过去进行when + 一般过去，while + 过去进行：I was reading when he came in. 2. 宾语从句：主过从过She said she visited the museum. 3. since 从句用一般过去，主句现在完成I have lived here since I moved here. 5. 语境考点 描述过去一次性动作、过去的状态，无现在关联，只用一般过去。 单项选择：依据时间标志选词形；did 后是否用原形；区分一般过去 / 现在完成。 完形填空：依托故事时态（记叙文通篇多过去时），辨析规则 / 不规则过去式。 短文填空 / 词形变换：给原形变过去式，不规则动词是高频考点。 短文改错：did 后误用过去式；缺 ed、不规则变形写错。 书面表达：写游记、往事、上周活动，全文主体时态一般过去。 现在完成时 1.基本结构 have/has + 过去分词否定：haven’t/hasn’t+done； 疑问：Have/Has + 主语 + done 易错：第三人称单数用 has 2. 两大用法（核心） 1. 已完成（过去动作，影响现在），常搭配 already/yet/just/ever/never例：I have finished my homework. 2. 延续性（动作从过去持续到现在），for + 时间段、since + 过去时间点例：He has lived here for 5 years. 3. 必考标志词 already (肯)、yet (否 / 疑)、just、ever、never、recently、so far、in the past/last… 4. 重难点：短暂性动词 ↔ 延续性动词（中考高频） come→be in；buy→have；die→be dead；leave→be away；begin→be on；join→be in · 短动词不能和 for/since 连用，必须换延续动词错：He has left for 2 days.对：He has been away for 2 days. 5. 易混辨析 1. since + 一般过去时，主句现在完成I have known him since I was young. 2. have been to（去过已回）/have gone to（去了未回）/have been in（待在某地） 6. 与一般过去时区分 · 现完：无明确过去时间，侧重现在结果 · 一过：有 yesterday/last… 等过去时间，只讲过去动作 单选：have been to/gone to/in 辨析；短暂动词变延续；现完 vs 一般过去区分 完形 / 词形填空：根据 so far/since 等标志变过去分词，不规则变形易错 句型转换：for/since 改写、短暂动词互换延续动词 改错：短暂动词搭配 for；乱用过去时代替现完；助动词误用 have/has 写作：介绍经历、居住时长优先使用现在完成时提分 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点一 一般过去时 知识点 例句 易错提示 基本含义 过去发生的动作 / 存在的状态，和现在无联系 He visited Beijing last year. 出现明确过去时间，只用一般过去，不用现在完成 时间标志词 yesterday、…ago、last + 时间、just now、in + 过去年份、then I met Tom three days ago. 看到标志优先用过去式 句式结构（实义动词） 肯定：主语 + 动词过去式否定：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形疑问：Did + 主语 + 动词原形？ She cleaned the room.She didn’t clean the room.Did she clean the room? did/didn’t 后必须用动词原形，不能再加 ed be 动词变形 was (单数 / I/he/she/it)；were (复数 /you) He was at home yesterday.They were happy. 没有 didn’t was 用法 规则动词变过去式 1. 直接 + ed：work→worked 2. e 结尾 + d：live→lived 3. 辅 + y→i+ed：study→studied 4. 重读闭音节双写 + ed：stop→stopped watch→watched dance→danced 以 x、w 不双写 不规则动词（必考） go-went、see-saw、eat-ate、get-got、come-came、leave-left I went to school early. 词形无规律，填空、改错高频考点 关联考点 1搭配状语从句 when + 一般过去；while + 过去进行 I was reading when he arrived. when 后多用一过，while 后多用进行时 关联考点 2宾语从句 主句过去时，从句常用对应过去时态 He said he bought a pen. 主过从过规则 一句话区分（现完 vs 一过） 有具体过去时间 (yesterday/ago)→一般过去时；无过去时间、强调对现在影响→现在完成时。 【典例破题】 1．Sally didn’t want to beat Kelly because she ________ her best friend to stay at school. A．wants B．wanted C．will want D．is wanting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：萨莉不想打败凯莉，因为她想要她最好的朋友留在学校。 根据主句“didn’t want”可知，句子描述的是过去的事情，时态为一般过去时，because引导的原因状语从句表示当时的原因，时态应与主句保持一致，要用过去式。应填wanted。 【命题解读】 1．—What you said really ________ me and those words were so hurtful. —Oh, sorry, it’s my fault. I must apologize to you for what I did. I didn’t mean that. A．was a shock B．shocked C．was shocked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你说的话真的震惊了我，那些话太伤人了。——哦，对不起，是我的错。我必须为我所做的事向你道歉。我不是故意的。 was a shock大吃一惊；shocked使震惊；was shocked被震惊。主语“What you said”指代物，与宾语“me”之间是主动关系，表示“某事使某人震惊”，应用主动语态shocked。A项若用名词shock，结构应为was a shock to me；C项为被动语态，主语通常是人，且后不能直接接宾语me。故选B。 2．—I ________ a charity sale with my classmates yesterday. We raised a lot of money. —That’s great! You did a good job. A．organize B．organized C．will organize D．have organized 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我昨天和同学们组织了一场慈善义卖。我们筹集了很多钱。——太棒了！你们做得很好。 时间状语“yesterday”表明句子时态是一般过去时，谓语动词应该用过去式。应填organized。 【易错警示】 1．In his late years, even when Confucius became a master, he never ________ learning from others. A．stop B．stops C．stopped 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在他晚年，即使孔子成为了一位大师，他也从未停止向他人学习。 根据时间状语“In his late years”以及从句中的“became”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，谓语动词应用一般过去时。 【巩固提升1】 1．— Dinosaurs ________ on Earth millions of years ago, long before humans appeared. — That’s true. They ruled the planet for a very long time! A．exist B．existed C．were existing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——恐龙数百万年前存在于地球上，远在人类出现之前。——没错。它们统治地球很长时间了！ 根据时间状语“millions of years ago”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。应填existed。 知识点二 现在完成时 分类 知识点 例句 易错提醒 基本含义 1. 过去发生，对现在造成影响2. 动作从过去持续到现在 I have finished homework.（现在不用写了）I have lived here for 6 years. 不接具体过去时间 (yesterday/ago) 构成 肯定：主语 + have/has + 过去分词否定：haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词疑问：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 I have finished work.He hasn’t finished work.Have you finished work? 三单用 has，其余用 have 常用标志词 already (肯)、yet (否 / 疑)、ever、never、just、so far、in the past + 时间段、recently Have you ever been to Shanghai?So far, we have learned 10 units. yet 放句末，already 多放中间 for / since for + 时间段；since + 过去时间 / 一般过去句子 I have waited for two hours.I have waited since 9 o’clock. 短暂动词不能搭配 for/since 三组易混短语 have been to：去过（已返回）have gone to：去了（没回来）have been in：在某地待多久 He has been to Beijing.He has gone to Beijing.He has been in Beijing for a week. have gone to 主语不能是 I/we 重难点：短暂动词变延续 buy→have；borrow→keep；die→be dead；leave→be away；join→be in；begin→be on I have had the book for a month.（√）I have bought the book for a month.（×） 和 for/since 连用必须换成延续性动词 时态辨析 有明确过去时间→一般过去；无具体时间、侧重现在结果→现在完成 I bought the bike last year.(一过)I have bought a bike.(现完，现在有车) 看到 ago/last/in1998 一律不用现完 现完 have 加过分，过去动作影响今； for 加段，since 加点，短暂动词要变换； been to 去过已经回，gone to 去往还未归。 【典例破题】 1．I have never ________ such a beautiful place before. A．seen B．see C．saw 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我以前从未见过这么美丽的地方。 根据句中助动词“have”及时间状语“before”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，see的过去分词形式为seen。 【命题解读】 1．—Have you _______ the new movie called The Wandering Earth? —Yes, it’s very popular. A．hear from B．heard of C．heard from D．hear of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你听说过这部叫《流浪地球》的新电影吗？——是的，它很受欢迎。 hear of听说；hear from收到……的来信。根据句首“Have”可知，句子为现在完成时，动词需用过去分词形式；再结合答语“Yes, it’s very popular.”可知，此处是询问是否听说过这部电影，heard of符合语境。 2．They have ________ each other since they were children. A．know B．knew C．known D．knowed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们从孩提时代起就认识彼此。 根据“since they were children”可知，此处表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，应用现在完成时态，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。know的过去分词形式是known。 【易错警示】 1．The life we got used to ________ a lot in the past few years. A．changing B．changed C．change D．has changed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们习惯了的生活在过去几年里已经改变了很多。 句子主语是“The life”，“we got used to”是定语从句修饰主语。根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。应填has changed。 2．— Are you going to watch Detective Academy (名侦探学院) tonight? — No! I ______ it with my parents before. I don’t think it’s exciting. A．see B．have seen C．will see D．am seeing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你今晚打算看《名侦探学院》吗？——不！我以前和父母已经看过它了。我觉得它不精彩。 see为一般现在时；have seen为现在完成时；will see为一般将来时；am seeing为现在进行时。句中时间状语“before”是现在完成时的标志词，表示动作发生在过去并对现在造成影响，即因为看过了所以今晚不看。只有选项B为现在完成时。 【巩固提升1】 1．Simon, hurry up! The movie ________ for five minutes. A．has started B．has been on C．has finished D．has been over 【答案】B 【详解】句意：西蒙，快点！电影已经放映五分钟了。 start开始；be on上映；finish结束；be over完结。根据时间段for five minutes，短暂动作不能与时间段连用，需转换为延续状态，此处表示电影正在放映，应选has been on。 2．Could you tell me how long ________ the book? I want to borrow one too. A．you have kept B．have you kept C．you have borrowed D．have you borrowed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你能告诉我这本书你借了多久吗？我也想借一本。 这是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，可排除B、D；how long表示“多久”，提问的是持续的时间，因此从句中要使用延续性动词，borrow是短暂性动词，不能与how long连用，而keep是对应的延续性动词符合语境。 一、单项选择 1．My cousin enjoyed it so much that he ________ two more pancakes. A．rolls B．rolled C．rolling D．roll 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的表弟非常喜欢它，以至于他又卷了两个煎饼。 根据前半句“My cousin enjoyed it so much”中的谓语动词“enjoyed”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，that引导的从句谓语动词也应用过去式保持时态一致。应填rolled。 2．The news __________ very fast in the school yesterday. A．spread B．spreads C．spreading 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这则消息昨天在学校里传播得非常快。spread传播，动词原形/过去式/过去分词。spreads传播，动词第三人称单数形式，用于一般现在时。spreading传播，动名词/现在分词。句中时间状语yesterday表示过去，因此谓语动词需要用过去式；spread的过去式和原形同形，仍为spread。 3．—Excuse me, sir. But you’re _________ my way. —Sorry. I _________ know you were passing by. A．by; didn’t B．on; hasn’t C．in; didn’t D．in; hasn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，先生。但是你挡了我的路。——抱歉。我不知道你正要经过。 in one’s way意为“挡路”，on one’s way意为“在某人去……的路上”。根据语境可知第一空应填in；第二空表示过去不知道，应用一般过去时，know为实义动词，否定形式借助助动词did，故第二空填didn’t。 4．Harry has even ________ his pocket money to the organization to buy food. A．donate B．donated C．donates D．donating 【答案】B 【详解】句意：哈利甚至把零花钱捐赠给了这个组织用以购买食物。 由“has”可知，使用现在完成时，需用过去分词donated。应填donated。 5．Have you ever ________ the beautiful mountains in your hometown? A．see B．saw C．seen D．seeing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你曾经见过你家乡美丽的山吗？ see看见，动词原形；saw看见，过去式；seen看见，过去分词；seeing看见，动名词或现在分词。根据句首“Have”及关键词“ever”可知，此句是现在完成时的一般疑问句，结构为“Have/has+主语+过去分词”，选项C符合题意。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．She has ________ (teach) the elderly how to use a mobile phone. 【答案】taught 【详解】句意：她教过老年人如何使用手机。句中“She has…”为现在完成时结构，提示应使用动词的过去分词形式，teach的过去分词为不规则变化taught。 2．He has ________ (give) directions to many lost visitors at the stadium. 【答案】given 【详解】句意：他已经在体育场给许多迷路的游客指过路了。由助动词has可知本句使用现在完成时，核心动词give用过去分词形式，构成完整的谓语结构“has given”。 3．（2026·江苏连云港·二模）China’s forest area has ________ (increase) a lot since 1978. 【答案】increased 【详解】句意：自1978年以来，中国的森林面积大幅增长。时间状语“since 1978”表明句子时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has+动词的过去分词，空前已有“have”，空处需用提示词的过去分词。故填increased。 4．He hardly ________ (notice) the taste of meat for a few months. 【答案】noticed 【详解】句意：他好几个月几乎没尝过肉的味道了。根据“for a few months”，本题用一般过去时。动词notice变为noticed。 5．He ________ (study) music, math, literature and other subjects. 【答案】studied 【详解】句意：他学习了音乐、数学、文学和其他科目。这句话描述的是孔子过去的学习经历，属于过去发生的动作或状态，因此要用一般过去时。study的过去式是studied。 6．I want to know what ________ (happen) to you yesterday. 【答案】happened 【详解】句意：我想知道你昨天发生了什么事。时间状语“yesterday”表示过去的时间，动作已经发生，需用一般过去时。“happen”的过去式为“happened”。 7．Lucy ________ (prefer) dancing to singing when she was young. 【答案】preferred 【详解】句意：露西年轻时比起唱歌更喜欢跳舞。句中“when she was young”为过去的时间状语，提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。prefer的过去式需双写末尾辅音字母r再加-ed。 8．I ________ (not realize) the importance, of good manners until I read this article last week. 【答案】didn’t realize 【详解】句意：直到上周我读了这篇文章才意识到文明礼仪的重要性。realize“意识到”，是实义动词作谓语，且由“last week”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以变为否定句时，需要借助助动词did，后面+not，缩写为didn’t，助动词后面加动词原形，故填didn’t realize。 9．Too much care spoils their fun when they _________ (grow up). 【答案】are growing up 【详解】句意：在他们成长的过程中，过多的呵护反而会破坏他们玩耍的乐趣。grow up“成长”，此处指“成长的过程中”，要用现在进行时表示现阶段持续进行、处于发展过程中的动作，主语是they，be动词用are，grow的现在分词为growing。 10．（25-26八年级下·全国·课后作业）—What a surprise to see you here! Have you moved here? —Not really. I ________ (visit) my grandparents. 【答案】am visiting 【详解】句意：——真没想到在这里见到你！你搬来这里了吗？——不是的，我正在拜访我的祖父母。此处表示当前正在进行的动作，需用现在进行时（be+现在分词），主语为第一人称单数I，be动词用am，visit的现在分词为visiting。 三、按要求完成句子 1．The duck looked golden and beautiful. 仿写： 那碗面条看起来热气腾腾，闻起来香气扑鼻。 The bowl of noodles looked __________ and __________. 【答案】 steaming hot smelled so nice 【详解】原句中“热气腾腾”和“闻起来香气扑鼻”是关键词，表示“热气腾腾”的形容词短语为“steaming hot”，在句中作表语；“闻起来香气扑鼻”可用短语“smelled so nice”表达，根据“looked”和and平行结构，此处smell应用过去式smelled。 2．I ________ go to hospital, and I was losing hope. 我没钱去医院，并且快要失去希望了。 【答案】couldn’t afford to 【详解】原句中“没钱去医院”是关键词。也就是“不能负担起”，表示“负担得起做某事”的短语是afford to do sth.；“不能”can’t；“I was losing hope”提示，时态是一般过去时态，所以用couldn’t afford to。 3．这本书里有很多精彩的故事，它帮助我更好地了解了许多中国人。 The book is _________ _________ great stories, and it _________ _________ me to understand many Chinese people better. 【答案】 full of has helped 【详解】原句中“有很多”和“帮助”是关键词，表示“有很多”的短语是be full of，修饰名词stories，表示“帮助”的单词是help，此处是现在完成时，主语是it，用has helped。 4．从上个月起，这个慈善机构就向残疾人们伸出了援助之手。 The charity _____________________. 【答案】has offered a helping hand to the disabled people since last month/has offered the disabled people a helping hand since last month 【详解】原句中“从上个月起……伸出了援助之手”是关键信息，表示“伸出援助之手”的短语可以用两种结构：offer a helping hand to sb.或offer sb. a helping hand。句中含有since last month（从上个月起），表示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时。主语The charity为第三人称单数，助动词用has，后接过去分词offered。故填has offered a helping hand to the disabled people since last month/has offered the disabled people a helping hand since last month。 5．自从加入志愿社团，我明白了善意能温暖人心。 ________ ________ I joined the volunteer club, I’ve known that kindness can warm hearts. 【答案】 Ever since 【详解】原句中“自从”是关键词，“自从”对应的英文表达是“Ever since” ，放在句首首字母大写。所以空白处应填“Ever since”。 四、语法填空 （2025·广东深圳·中考真题） “Ninger, It is truly a matter of great regret that your mother has not been able to complete her responsibility in your education. Today, as your mother has firmly engaged in the anti-Manchurian and anti-Japanese struggle, the end of my life 1 (reach). I have no chance 2 (meet) each other again in this life. I cannot educate you with many words—your mother gave 3 (she) to the country. After my death, you must continue with the fight, grow strong, and comfort your mother in the underworld.” Zhao Yiman wrote this letter 4 the age of 41. She 5 (write) it when she was in prison in 1936. It is 6 (true) a regret that she had not been able to complete her duty as a mother. The letter shows her deep love for her son and her loyalty to the country. Zhao Yiman’s story 7 (touch) many people till now. We should remember 8 (she) and learn from her spirit of patriotism. We also need to understand the 9 (important) of protecting our country and make it 10 (strong) than before. 【答案】 1．has reached 2．to meet 3．herself 4．at 5．wrote 6．truly 7．has touched 8．her 9．importance 10．stronger 【导语】本文节选了赵一曼烈士在狱中写给儿子宁儿的家书，以及后人对这封家书的评价，讲述了赵一曼为国家献身、未能尽到母亲职责的遗憾，表达了她对儿子的爱与对国家的忠诚，同时呼吁后人铭记她的爱国精神。 【详解】1．句意：如今，因为你的母亲坚定地投身于抗日反满斗争，我的生命已走到尽头。此处表示站在写遗书的时间点，生命尽头已经到来，对当时有影响，用现在完成时。 2．句意：我没有机会在今生再次相见。have no chance to do sth是固定搭配，意为“没有机会做某事”，空处填不定式。 3．句意：我无法用太多话语教导你——你的母亲把自己奉献给了国家。主语为your mother，宾语也是她自己，表示“把自己奉献给了国家”，需用反身代词。 4．句意：赵一曼在41岁时写下了这封信。at the age of是固定搭配，意为“在……岁时”。 5．句意：1936年，她在狱中写下了它。句中“in 1936”表明动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。 6．句意：她未能尽到母亲的职责，这真是一种遗憾。此处修饰整个句子，需用副词形式。 7．句意：到目前为止，赵一曼的故事感动了许多人。句中“till now.”表明动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时。 8．句意：我们应该铭记她，学习她的爱国精神。此处作动词remember的宾语，用宾格代词。 9．句意：我们也需要明白保护国家的重要性，让它比以前更强大。此处是“the+名词+of”的结构，表示“……的……”，空处用名词形式。 10．句意：我们也需要明白保护国家的重要性，让它比以前更强大。句中“than before.”表示比较，需用形容词比较级。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $